高一英语开学摸底考（上海专用）-2024-2025学年高中下学期开学摸底考试卷

2025届高一下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语·参考答案 第I卷 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C B C D D A A D D A 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A C B D A A B C D B II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A 21． paid 22．If 23．who/that 24．to get 25．why 26．depending 27．everything 28．towards 29．what 30．may Section B 31．D 32．F 33．H 34．I 35．C 36．K 37．A 38．J 39．B 40．E III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 B C B D D B A B B A 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 C A C D A A D C C A 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 C B D B D A D F E B IV. Summary Writing(共10分） The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.The teacher was surprised to find that he didn’t refer to his draft when delivering the speech. 73.How do scientific exploration and the extinction of natural habitats affect Antarctica? 74. He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still persevered to the end, which had a positive effect on his peers. 75.When the children won the game, they jumped up happily, breaking into a bright smile, and then they hugged their coach, who didn’t seem to believe it. VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Dear Jim, I am very glad that you will begin your high school life, which plays a crucial part in a person’s growth. As for your concern about whether to live on campus, I can give you some suggestions based on my own experience. I think you’d better live on campus, as it can help develop a good habit of studying and living. Staying away from the comfort zone of living at home, we have to face challenges by ourselves, thus contributing to our character building. Besides, we can spend less time on the way to school and home, meaning that more time will be employed in study. Last but not the least, we can have more time with classmates. In this sense, our friendship can be deepened. In a word, living on campus can help us be more independent and adapt to new environment more easily. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null 2025届高一下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Disappointed. B．Curious. C．Satisfied. D．Casual. 【答案】C 【原文】 M: How are you getting on with your experiment? W: In spite of my continuous failure, I have already made some progress. Q: How does the woman feel about her experiment? 2．A．Catch a train home. B．Do her homework. C．Go to the theater. D．Go to work. 【答案】B 【原文】 M: Amy, are you coming with us to the theatre? W: No, I’m sorry, but I have to catch up with my homework. Q: What is Amy going to do? 3．A．Talking about sports. B．Writing up local news. C．Reading newspapers. D．Putting up advertisements. 【答案】C 【原文】 W: Would you pass me the sports section, please? M: Sure, if you give me the classified ads and local news section. Q: What are the two speakers doing? 4．A．In a bank. B．In a post office. C．In a supermarket. D．In a restaurant. 【答案】D 【原文】 M: May I bring you something else? Some more tea, perhaps? W: Nothing more, thanks. Just the bill. Q: Where does the conversation most likely take place? 5．A．He doesn’t like to talk. B．He is a very kind man. C．He is friendly. D．He is not a pleasant person. 【答案】D 【原文】 M: Linda is very quiet. But her brother talks too much. W: Yes, you are right and he isn’t friendly either. Q: What’s their opinion of Linda’s brother? 6．A．At a bakery. B．At a hotel. C．At a post office. D．At a birthday party. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: I’d like some bread, a pound of cookies and that birthday cake. W: Do you want the cake delivered? Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 7．A．She has to work that day. B．She doesn’t like parties. C．She has to do some sports. D．She must stay at home. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: There is a party Saturday night at the Foreign Student’s Club. Can you make it? W: I wish I could, but I have a part-time job on weekends. Q: Why can’t the woman make it to the party? 8．A．If he has more than a dollar. B．If he makes a phone call first. C．If he finds the change machine. D．If he buys something from her. 【答案】D 【原文】 M: Miss, can you give me change for a dollar so that I can make a phone call at the call box. W: Sorry, sir. I am not allowed to give change without a purchase. But you’ll find a change machine in front of the jewelry store. Q: In which situation can the woman give the man some change? 9．A．Visit the company. B．Re-write his resumé. C．Get a job on campus. D．Apply for a job with PICC． 【答案】D 【原文】 W: I heard that PICC is going to hold interviews on campus next week. M: Yeah, what day? I’d like to talk to them and drop my resumé. Q: What does the man intend to do? 10．A．At 8:30. B．At 9:00. C．At 9:30. D．At 10:00. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: Can I come to see you at nine, Professor White? W: I’m sorry, Alex. But I’m meeting my students then. Why not come half an hour earlier? Q: When should Alex go to meet Professor White? Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．The origin of shopping malls. B．The location of shopping malls. C．The inventor of shopping malls. D．The prospect of shopping malls. 12．A．They were roofless buildings. B．They mainly housed specialty shops. C．They had a certain kind of landscape. D．They provided indoor parking service. 13．A．People loved wandering from shop to shop. B．The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C．Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D．Malls could contain much more than just shops. 【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B 【原文】 Victor Green, an American architect, revolutionized shopping in the 1950s by creating the type of shopping center that we now call a shopping mall. Green’s aim was to provide a pleasant, quiet and spacious shopping environment with large car parks, which usually meant building in suburbs. He also wanted people to be able to shop in all kinds of weather. He insisted on using building designs that he knew people would feel comfortable with, but please them in landscaped streets that were entirely enclosed and often covered with a curved glass roof. This was done to imitate some of the older shopping areas of city centers. But while these housed only small specialty shops, Green’s shopping malls were on a much grander scale. Access to the whole shopping mass was gained by using the main doors, which separated the shopping streets from the parking areas outside. As there was no need to keep out bad weather, shops no longer needed windows and doors and people could wander freely from shop to shop. In many cities shopping malls now contain much more than just shops. Cinemas, restaurants and other forms of entertainment are also growing in popularity. 11. What is the passage mainly about? 12. Which of the following is true according to Victor Green’s idea of shopping malls? 13. Why did shops in malls no longer need windows and doors? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．How the London Underground system developed. B．What the London Underground Drawing office did. C．What the London Underground platforms were like. D．How the London Underground map came into being. 15．A．Accurate information about distance. B．Time of the first and the last trains. C．The number of station entrances. D．Locations of the stations. 16．A．Original and clear. B．Simple but advanced. C．Attractive but misleading. D．Old-fashioned and complex. 【答案】14．D 15．A 16．A 【原文】   Many people would agree that the London Underground map is extremely well-designed. It is not only simple and easy to understand but also quite attractive. And most importantly, it performs its primary task of guiding both Londoners and tourists round the underground system in the city very well. The man behind this great achievement was called Henry Beck. He was an employee of the London underground drawing office, and first came up with his design for the map in 1931. The map which had been in use before 1931 was messy and unclear. Beck decided that a traditional map which gave accurate information about distance was not necessary for the underground, and instead produced a diagram which showed only the stations on the underground system. This new map was an enormous success with the public. When in 1933, it made its first appearance on the underground platforms and at the station entrances. The design of the map showed great originality because it provided a very clear representation of a highly complex network of communication. Beck’s approach was later adopted by most of the world underground system. 14. What is the passage mainly about? 15. Which element of the old map didn’t appear on Henry Beck’s map? 16. What does the speaker think of the design of the map? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．At home. B．In a studio. C．In office. D．At school. 18．A．An English programme. B．Something annoying. C．An expression. D．A goat, called Fred. 19．A．Neil’s goat is really a mad goat, a trouble maker. B．Neil really makes Feifei mad. C．Neil’s goat was really annoying to everyone. D．Neil’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell. 20．A．Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test. B．Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside. C．You are riding a bicycle with your classmates in the street. D．Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday. 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B 【原文】 M: Hello and welcome to The English We Speak, I’m Neil and joining me is Feifei… and Fred... my goat. W: Hi everyone. Neil, why have you brought this… goat into the studio? It smells. M: Fred doesn’t smell! I’ve brought my goat into the studio to teach our listeners an expression you can use when something annoys you. W: Well, having smelly animals in the studio annoys me. M: Well, in that case, Feifei, you can say, ‘Smelly animals in the studio get my goat.’ W: To get somebody’s goat — an expression you can use when something annoys you. M: That’s right. You can say something ‘gets your goat’ if it annoys you. You know what, Feifei? It gets my goat when people say my pet Fred is smelly. W: Ha! Here are some examples of people using the expression ‘get somebody’s goat’. The first one: These queues at the post office really get my goat. I’ve been waiting for half an hour! The second one: Argh, I don’t believe it — I’ve got a parking ticket! The policemen really get my goat! The third one: These calls from people selling insurance get my goat. They’ve rung seven times already this morning. M: To get somebody’s goat — an expression you can use when something annoys you. W: Notice that we often use ‘really’ with this expression. Train delays really get my goat. M: It seems to me quite a lot of things get your goat, Feifei. W: Not really, Neil, — apart from Fred. M: Are you saying my goat gets your goat? W: Yes! Your goat really gets my goat! Questions: 17. Where are the two speakers? 18. What are the two speakers talking about? 19. According to this conversation, what does “Your goat really gets my goat!” mean? 20. In which situation will you say “It really gets my goat!” II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why do we have adolescence? All mammals need to leave their parents and set up on their own at some point. But human adults generally provide a comfortable existence - food arrives on the table in quantities, money is dished out at regular intervals and can be pleaded for more or less successfully, the bills get 21 (pay) and the electricity for the TV, doesn’t usually run out. 22 teenagers didn’t build up a fairly major disrespect for and irritation with their parents or carers, they’d never want to leave. In fact, falling out of love with the adults 23 look after you is probably a necessary part of growing up. Later, when you’ve gone, you can start to love them again because you won’t need to be fighting 24 (get) away from them. And you can come back sometimes for a home-cooked meal and even bring your dirty washing with you if you play your cards right. The need for separation could also explain 25 teenagers are far more concerned about what their friends think than what their parents think. Recent and ongoing research shows that teenagers even use different parts of the brain and sometimes make different decisions 26 (depend) on whether their friend are with them. Friends are 27 - because friends are what we need when we leave home. Humans rely on sociability. It makes sense to cultivate friends. In fact, this drive   28 independence is possibly the most important thing about adolescence. It is, if you think about it, pretty much the whole point. And it’s 29 your parents and all the adults who care about you want for you in the end. What they may not realize is that if you’re going to be independent at 22 you 30 need to start rattling the bars of the cage at 14. 【参考答案】 21． paid 22．If 23．who/that 24．to get 25．why 26．depending 27．everything 28．towards 29．what 30．may 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么青少年会叛逆这一话题。 【详情解析】 21．考查过去分词。句意：但成年人一般都能过上舒适的生活——餐桌上有大量的食物，钱每隔一段时间分发一次，而且还能或多或少地讨到钱，账单得到支付，看电视的电通常不会耗尽。the bills与pay为被动关系，用过去分词作表语。故填 paid。 22．考查连词。句意：如果青少年对他们的父母或监护人没有产生相当大的不满和恼怒，他们永远不会想离开。根据句子结构，前后是条件关系，应用连词 if 引导条件状语从句。首字母大写。故填 If。 23．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，不再依赖照顾成年人可能是成长过程中一个必要的部分。分析句子结构，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰 adults，先行词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词 who/that。故填 who/that。 24．考查动词不定式。句意：后来，当你离开的时候，你可以重新开始爱他们，因为你不需要因摆脱他们而挣扎。此处使用短语 to get away from them，作原因状语。故填 to get。 25．考查宾语从句。句意： 分离的需要也可以解释为什么青少年更关心朋友的想法，而不是父母的想法。explain后接宾语从句，从句的连接词表示“为什么”，连接词为why。故填 why。 26．考查现在分词。句意：最近和正在进行的研究表明，青少年甚至使用大脑的不同部分，有时会根据他们的朋友是否在他们身边做出不同的决定。空处为非谓语动词，decision与depend为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填 depending。 27．考查代词。句意：朋友就是一切——因为当我们离开家时，朋友是我们所需要的。根据句意可知，everything作表语，符合句意。故填everything。 28．考查介词。句意：事实上，这种追求独立的动力可能是青春期最重要的事情。根据句意，此处表示“对独立的追求”，应用介词 towards表示“朝着”。故填 towards。 29．考查表语从句。句意：这也是你的父母和所有关心你的成年人最终都会为你希望的。分析句子结构可知，空处为表语从句,表语从句却少宾语，连接词为what。故填 what。 30．考查情态动词。句意：如果你想在 22 岁时独立，你可能需要在 14 岁时就开始尝试挣脱束缚。根据句意可知，表示“可能”，用情态动词may。故填 may。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics         B．experimented        C．supply         D．sufficient        E．feed         F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                 I．processed         J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 31 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 32 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 33 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 34 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 35 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 36 . What will we do then? 37 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 38 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 39 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 40 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【参考答案】 31．D 32．F 33．H 34．I 35．C 36．K 37．A 38．J 39．B 40．E 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 【详情解析】 31．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 32．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 33．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 34．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 35．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 36．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 37．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 38．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 39．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 40．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.  Chavis  told  students  not  to 41 these notifications. Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually 42 dozens of markings on the whiteboard. Chavis, who teaches honours-level classes, was 43 by the results of her experiment. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student 44 . The use of electronic devices is so 45 that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a “mental health tsunami (海啸)”. Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase 46 for students. But research now 47 that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness. Last year, an editorial in the journal Paediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might 48 the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of 49 , depression and anxiety. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. 50 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a Pew Research report. Nearly 60 percent of parents said they were 51 about the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health. Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of 52 . Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help 53 students. Some schools have organized unplugged events — days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, 54 the control that technology has over their daily lives. Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Deirdre Birmingham of New Jersey 55 a campaign called “Wait Until Eighteenth” because she didn’t think her video game-loving 10-year-old son was ready for a smartphone. The campaign involves groups of parents who have children in the same class. These parents agree not to let their children get phones until they are teenagers. 41．A．switch on B．respond to C．open up D．call at 42．A．interpreting B．comparing C．recording D．teaching 43．A．moved B．shocked C．delighted D．saddened 44．A．approval B．enrolment C．commitment D．anxiety 45．A．convenient B．unique C．attractive D．widespread 46．A．disorder B．stress C．confusion D．pain 47．A．suggests B．analyses C．recommends D．expresses 48．A．result from B．contribute to C．cut down D．push for 49．A．pride B．isolation C．guilt D．love 50．A．Yet B．Even C．Otherwise D．Thus 51．A．excited B．doubtful C．concerned D．warned 52．A．distress B．participation C．dropout D．crime 53．A．handle B．encourage C．calm D．inspire 54．A．restoring B．worsening C．causing D．showing 55．A．joined in B．stepped up C．went against D．appealed to 【参考答案】 41． B 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．D 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．B 50．A 51．C 52．A 53．C 54．D 55．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项调查研究，研究表明社交媒体、电子设备对学生的心理健康的不良影响，引起家长的担忧。 【详情解析】 41．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Chavis告诉学生不要回复这些通知。A. switch on打开；B. respond to回应；C. open up拆开，开通；D. call at到……进行短暂访问。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”及后文“similar experiments”可知，老师是在做实验，统计数目，不让学生回复这些通知。故选B项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全国各地的教师都做过类似的实验，通常会在白板上记录几十个标记。A. interpreting诠释；B. comparing比较；C. recording记录；D. teaching教学。根据前文“For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.”可知，实验结果是在白板上记录了许多标记。故选C项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授荣誉等级课程的Chavis对她的实验结果感到震惊。A. moved使感动；B. shocked使震惊；C. delighted使高兴；D. saddened使悲伤。根据语境和前文“usually 　　42　　 dozens of markings on the whiteboard”可知，老师对实验结果感到震惊。故选B项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chavis是越来越多的教师、家长和健康专家中的一员，他们认为智能手机现在是增加学生焦虑程度的部分原因。A. approval批准；B. enrolment注册；C. commitment承诺；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下一段中“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，智能手机增加学生的焦虑程度。故选D项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电子设备的使用如此广泛，以至于美国国家教育协会通讯称这是一场“心理健康海啸”。A. convenient方便的；B. unique独特的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. widespread广泛的。根据后文“it was a ‘mental health tsunami (海啸)’”及第五段中“too much social media use”可知，电子设备被广泛使用。故选D项。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考试、课后活动和家庭问题会增加学生的压力。A. disorder紊乱；B. stress压力，紧张；C. confusion混淆；D. pain痛苦。根据后文“the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，此处指学生的“压力”。故选B项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在的研究表明，智能手机和社交媒体是不安情绪上升的一些主要原因。A. suggests建议，表明，暗示；B. analyses分析；C. recommends推荐；D. expresses表达。根据后文“smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness”可知，这是研究所表明的结果。故选A项。 48．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. result from起因于；B. contribute to贡献于，促成，是……的部分原因；C. cut down削减；D. push for推动。根据前文“too much social media use”和后文“the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers”可知，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致青少年的心理健康障碍。故选B项。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三名研究人员写道，过多的社交媒体使用可能会导致严重影响青少年的心理健康障碍，如孤立感、抑郁和焦虑。A. pride骄傲；B. isolation孤独；C. guilt内疚；D. love爱。根据前文“mental health disturbance”及后文“depression and anxiety”可知，孤独感属于心理健康障碍。故选B项。 50．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据Pew研究中心的一份报告，70%的青少年认为焦虑和抑郁是同龄人的主要问题。A. Yet然而；B. Even甚至；C. Otherwise否则；D. Thus因此，从而。后文“70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”和前文“Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use.”之间存在转折关系。故选A项。 51．考查形容词（过去分词）词义辨析。句意：近60%的家长表示，他们担心社交媒体对孩子身心健康的影响。A. excited激动的；B. doubtful可疑的；C. concerned担心的，关注的；D. warned被警告的。根据语境和后文“the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health”可知，对孩子身心健康的影响引起家长的担心。故选C项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多公立学校付钱给外部公司，让他们观察学生的社交媒体活动，寻找焦虑的迹象。A. distress忧虑，悲伤；B. participation参与；C. dropout退出；D. crime罪行。根据前文“　　50　　 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers”可知，他们在调查焦虑（忧虑）的迹象。故选A项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人则邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。A. handle处理；B. encourage鼓励；C. calm使镇静；D. inspire激励。根据前文“invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs”可知，他们邀请瑜伽老师和安抚犬来帮助学生平静下来。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不到20%的学生和学校员工参加了此次活动，显示出科技对他们日常生活的控制。A. restoring恢复；B. worsening恶化；C. causing引起；D. showing显示，表明。根据前文“unplugged events”和后文“the control that technology has over their daily lives”可知，实验结果显示出科技对日常生活的控制。故选D项。 55．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新泽西州的Deirdre Birmingham参加了一项名为“等到十八岁”的活动，因为她认为自己热爱电子游戏的10岁儿子还没有准备好智能手机。A. joined in参加；B. stepped up增强，提高；C. went against反对，违背；D. appealed to吸引，呼吁。根据后文“a campaign called ‘Wait Until Eighteenth’”可知，此处指参加了一项活动。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A When is the best time to... You might think you’re in control of your schedule, but your body evolved to follow a natural rhythm. Sticking closer to that routine can help keep you in tiptoe shape. ①Drink coffee Sipping caffeine is best early in the day. Consumed later, it can reset your body’s clock and prevent sleep. If you’re sure you can take a shot of espresso at 8 p.m. and be snoring by 10, try skipping the caffeine for a few weeks to see what a night of truly good rest feels like. ②Eat It’s best to eat your biggest meal carly, contrary to a typical American day. Insulin – the hormone that regulates metabolism – peaks in the first half of the day, then steadily drops. So your blood sugar is less likely to skyrocket after a big breakfast than after a comparable dinner. ③Sleep Around 8 or 9 p.m., our bodies start to cool down, and we sleep better when we have a low core body temperature. But how much shut-eye is ideal? Studies show that those who get six and a half to eight hours are less likely to die prematurely. Eight hours seems to be perfect. ④Exercise Some people prefer early-morning jogs. But muscle tone is highest around 5 p.m. It is even the same with professional ones: West Coast NFL teams won more often and by a higher margin in matches after 8 p.m. on the East Coast. Still on Pacific time, their bodies were prepared to play. ⑤Be creative The evolution of language, religion, and philosophy all started with late-night talks. So save that short story you’ve been meaning to write for a dark and restless night. ⑥Do math Scientists think we reach maximum alertness between l0 a.m. and 2 p.m., with a peak around noon. For the first few hours after we wake, organs with more basic functions take priority. Once they get activated, our brains have a chance to obtain more energy. 56．The author suggests people who drink coffee late in the day _____. A．go to bed without drinking coffee B．break their habit and go to bed early C．stick to their habit to have a truly good sleep D．go to bed just two hours after drinking coffee 57．Joanna is a promising young writer whose microblog enjoys one million followers. What is probably the best time for her to writer inspiring stories for her fans? A．8 a.m. B．10 a.m. C．6 p.m. D．11 p.m. 58．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Having a higher body temperature helps people sleep better. B．Students should work on their math tasks as soon as they get up because their brain works best at the time. C．Professional athletes are likely to achieve better results when training in the late afternoon than in the early morning. D．Americans usually have their biggest meal in the morning. 【参考答案】56．A 57．D 58．C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章就如何保持身体状态良好，从饮食、睡眠、锻炼等多个方面提供了一些建议。 【详情解析】 56．细节理解题。根据①Drink coffee部分最后一句“If you’re sure you can take a shot of espresso at 8 p.m. and be snoring by 10, try skipping the caffeine for a few weeks to see what a night of truly good rest feels like. (如果你确信你可以在晚上8点喝一杯浓缩咖啡，到10点就会打鼾，那就试着在几周内不喝咖啡因，看看晚上真正的好休息是什么感觉。)”可知，作者劝告晚上喝咖啡的人们尝试别喝咖啡，然后就能改善睡眠。故选A项。 57．推理判断题。根据⑤Be creative部分“The evolution of language, religion, and philosophy all started with late-night talks. So save that short story you’ve been meaning to write for a dark and restless night. (语言、宗教和哲学的演变都始于深夜的谈话。所以，把你一直想写的短篇小说留到一个黑暗而不安的夜晚吧。)”可知，人在晚上有着不同的思维模式，适合进行创作、构思创意。题目中Joanna要给粉丝写故事，最佳的时间也应该选在晚上。故选D项。 58．细节理解题。根据④Exercise部分中“But muscle tone is highest around 5 p.m. It is even the same with professional ones: West Coast NFL teams won more often and by a higher margin in matches after 8 p.m. on the East Coast. (但是肌肉张力在下午5点左右是最高的。甚至职业球队也是如此:西海岸的NFL球队在东海岸晚上8点之后的比赛中获胜的几率更高，优势也更大。)”可知，下午五点时人的肌肉张力达到峰值，后面举出了例子证实运动员在傍晚取得的成绩更佳，D选项“专业运动员在傍晚训练比在早上更有可能取得好成绩”符合文意。故选C项。 B The crowd holds its breath. High above them on the climbing wall, hanging upside down by the tips of two fingers, is the French climber Francois Lombard. He is competing in the World Cup Climbing Championships at Birmingham’s National Indoor Arena. The National Indoor Arena is more famous for staging the TV show Gladiators, but the television programme and the World Cup Climbing Championships share at least one feature - The Wall. And the fact that either event is possible is the result of a new and rapidly developing technology. Until the mid-1960s, climbers practised their skills on cliffs in areas where there was a plentiful supply of good climbing angles. During the winter they would either put up with the cold weather, go walking instead or climb on snow and ice in Scotland. However, as the sport developed it was increasingly important for top climbers to keep fit. With the cliffs unusable for much of the year, they used brick-edges or stone buildings to ‘work out’ on. This allowed them to keep their fingers strong, and beat off the boredom of not being able to climb. It wasn’t long before many sports centres started building walls specifically for the task, using bricks with special edges to cling on to. Many of these early walls followed the example set by Don Robinson, a teacher of physical education who ,during the mid- 1960s, constructed a climbing wall in a corridor of his department at Leeds University. Robinson developed the idea of setting natural rock in a block of concrete, which could then be included in a wall. Scores of climbing walls of this kind were built in sports halls up and down the country throughout the 1970s but they had obvious design problems. Walls could only be built in a vertical plane (垂直面), while cliffs outside have features like overhangs and angled slabs (石板) of rock. There was the added problem that once the walls were up their patterns were fixed and climbers would eventually tire of their repetitive nature, despite thinking of every combination of holds possible. In 1985, a Frenchman, Francois Savigny, developed a material which he made into shapes like those that climbers would find on the cliffs. These could be fixed onto any existing wall and then taken off when climbers got bored with a particular combination. 59．What can be learned about the climbers before the mid-1960s? A．They relied on stone buildings for practice. B．They found no place for training in the winter. C．They practised their skills in a natural environment. D．They were dissatisfied with their training equipment. 60．The phrase “cling on to” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A．hold firmly B．adapt to C．take a close look at D．keep away from 61．What problem did the climbing walls developed by Don Robinson have? A．They were a great drain on climbers’ energy. B．They looked too much like natural cliffs. C．They were not secure enough. D．They could not be altered. 62．According to the passage, the material developed by Francois Savigny enabled climbing walls to become more ________ A．challenging B．flexible C．popular D．stable 【参考答案】59．C 60．A 61．C 62．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了攀岩运动的发展历程以及攀岩墙的技术革新。 【详情解析】 59．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Until the mid- 1960s, climbers practised their skills on cliffs in areas where there was a plentiful supply of good climbing angles.(直到20世纪60年代中期，攀岩者都在那些有大量良好攀爬角度的悬崖上练习他们的技能。)”可知，在20世纪60年代中期之前，攀岩者主要是在自然环境中（即悬崖上）练习攀岩技能。由此可知，他们在自然环境中练习技能。故选C。 60．词句猜测题。根据上文“With the cliffs unusable for much of the year, they used brick-edges or stone buildings to ‘work out’ on. This allowed them to keep their fingers strong, and beat off the boredom of not being able to climb.(由于悬崖在一年中的大部分时间里都无法使用，他们便利用砖边或石砌建筑来进行“锻炼”。这使他们能够保持手指的力量，并缓解无法攀岩带来的无聊感。)”可知，为了满足攀岩者的需求，不久之后，许多体育中心开始专门建造攀岩墙，使用带有特殊边缘的砖块来供攀岩者抓握。“cling on to”在这里指的是“抓住”，因此，其最接近的意思是“hold firmly”（紧紧抓住）。故选A。 61．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“There was the added problem that once the walls were up their patterns were fixed and climbers would eventually tire of their repetitive nature...(还有一个额外的问题是，一旦攀岩墙建好，它们的模式就固定了，攀岩者最终会因为它们的重复性而感到厌倦……)”可知，Don Robinson开发的攀岩墙一旦建成，其攀爬路线和难度就固定了，无法改变。故选C。 62．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In 1985, a Frenchman, Francois Savigny, developed a material which he made into shapes like those that climbers would find on the cliffs. These could be fixed onto any existing wall and then taken off when climbers got bored with a particular combination.(1985年，一位名叫Francois Savigny的法国人开发了一种材料，他将其制成攀岩者会在悬崖上找到的形状。这些形状可以固定在任何现有的攀岩墙上，当攀岩者对某个特定组合感到厌倦时，又可以将其取下。)”可知，可知，Francois Savigny开发的材料使得攀岩墙变得更加灵活多变，可以根据攀岩者的需求进行调整和更换。故选B。 C To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 63．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A．follow the theory of imitation B．set a good example for the child to copy C．simplify each action shown to the child D．view from the child’s perspective 64．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 65．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A．whose actions are consistent with theirs B．who enjoy a high social status C．whose talent and skill are extraordinary D．whom they want to be shaped into 66．What is the passage mainly about? A．The factors determining children’s imitation. B．The significance of learning by imitation. C．The way children choose models. D．The reason for parenting by imitation. 【参考答案】63．D 64．B 65．D 66．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，孩子并非盲目模仿，而是有选择地学习。他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。 【详情解析】 63．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”可知，要教孩子学东西，父母应该站在孩子的角度看问题。故选D项。 64．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. (现在他处在一个新的环境中，缺乏现成的回应。他正在寻求一种能达到某种目的的回应。如果他对这种情况缺乏现成的回应，无法推理出该怎么做，他会观察一个似乎能够得到正确结果的榜样。孩子们会寻找权威或专家来告诉他们该怎么做)”可知，当孩子遇到困难，想不出办法时，他就会寻找一个榜样。故选B项。 65．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的。他模仿那些看起来不错的人，而不是模仿那些他希望避免其社会地位的人)”可推知，孩子选择模仿他们想要被塑造成的人。故选D项。 66．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”、第三段中“There is a second element at work in this situation. (在这种情况下，还有第二个因素在起作用)”和第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的)”可知，文章指出传统的“模仿学习”观点过于简化，实际上孩子不会盲目模仿所有行为，为此向读者介绍了决定儿童模仿行为的因素，包括他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Taking responsibility for yourself and your actions is an important part of personal growth. It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself. 67 Improve your confidence. 68 If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help. You can also write down your goals, create a plan for achieving them and learn to accept positive feedback. Remove the excuses. To break the harmful habit of excuse-making, ensure you’re honestly acknowledging what really happened. Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?” 69 Take positive actions. If you want your family and friends to show more interest in your life, get interested in theirs. If you want a more satisfying job, figure out what you need to do to achieve it. Your actions will affect what you get out of life, so ensure you’re acting in a way you get what you want. 70 If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility. A．How can I be more powerful? B．Change your thought patterns. C．Realize who you are as a person. D．No matter how old you are, you can easily begin today. E．Don’t worry-—your honesty will earn you respect from others. F．Spend some time reflecting on your strengths and how to use them. 【参考答案】67．D 68．F 69．E 70．B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何为自己和自己的行为负责。 【详情解析】 67．根据上文“It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself.”（培养对自己负责的积极习惯永远不会太晚）可知，选项承接上文，对上文进行进一步的解释。故D选项“论你多大，你都可以从今天开始”切题。故选D项。 68．根据小标题“Improve your confidence.”（提高自信）以及根据下文“If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help.”（如果想不出任何长处，可以向你爱的人求助）可知，提高自信的方法是花点时间反思一下自己的长处以及如何运用它们。故F选项“花点时间反思一下自己的长处以及如何运用它们”切题。故选F项。 69．根据上文“Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?””（下次当你面对一种情况的负面结果时，一定要说“对不起，我搞砸了。我该怎么弥补？”）可知，选项承接上文，说明诚实带来的结果。故E选项“别担心——你的诚实会为你赢得别人的尊重”。故选E项。 70．根据下文“If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility.”（如果你经常认为自己是一个无能为力的人，这可能是因为你在自己的生活中经历了困难。这种感觉会通过你与自己和他人交流的方式得到加强。所以要注意消极的、自我毁灭的想法，比如“为什么这发生在我身上?”并学会承担责任。）可知，本段主要讲要改变思维模式。故B选项“改变思维模式”切题，为本段的小标题。故选项B项。 IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids. When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them. A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money. For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最新的研究表明，在美国超过30%的儿童生活在严重贫困中。政府需要进一步采取措施，许多学者认为给有孩子的家庭发放补贴可以缓解儿童贫困。 【详情解析】1 要点摘录①According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. ②Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. ③Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough. ④A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. ⑤For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. 2.缜密构思将1、2点一起整合，然后将其余3点分别概括。 3.遣词造句 The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句非常高级。 [高分句型2]：It is only a little money that can make a big difference.用强调句对最后一段进行了概括，表达比较高级。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．老师很惊喜地发现他演讲时没有看稿。(refer) (汉译英) 【答案】The teacher was surprised to find that he didn’t refer to his draft when delivering the speech. 【详解】考查形容词，宾语从句，时态，固定短语，时间状语从句，主谓一致和省略。“老师”是the teacher，“很惊喜地做某事”是be surprised to do，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语the teacher是单数，be动词用was，“发现”是find，其后跟that引导的宾语从句，“他演讲时”用when引导的时间状语从句，“演讲”是deliver the speech，用过去进行时，主语he是单数，when引导的从句写成when he was  delivering the speech，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，即省略he was，“看稿”是refer to his draft，“没有”用didn’t，因此整句话翻译为“The teacher was surprised to find that he didn’t refer to his draft when delivering the speech”。故答案为The teacher was surprised to find that he didn’t refer to his draft when delivering the speech. 73．科学探索和自然栖息地的消亡是如何影响南极洲(Antarctica)的? (affect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How do scientific exploration and the extinction of natural habitats affect Antarctica? 【详解】考查特殊疑问句、动词、形容词和名词。分析句子结构，本句应为how引出的特殊疑问句，其结构为：How+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他？根据句中的“科学探索和自然栖息地的消亡”和“影响”可知。这里应用助动词do。“科学”可表示为scientific，为形容词作定语；“探索”可表示为exploration，为不可数名词；“自然”可表示为natural，为形容词作定语；“栖息地”可表示为habit，为可数名词，这里应用复数；“消亡”可表示为extinction，为不可数名词；“影响”可表示为affect。本句可翻译为：How do scientific exploration and the extinction of natural habitats affect Antarctica? 74．长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点，这对他的同伴产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still persevered to the end, which had a positive effect on his peers. He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still kept running till he reached the finishing line, which had a positive effect on his peers. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。主语“他”He，“长跑过半已精疲力竭”be exhausted half way through the long race，“但”but，“仍然坚持到了终点”still persevere to the end或者still keep running till he reached the finishing line，其中till引导的从句使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，根据句意，“长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点”表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作，主句时态用过去完成时，谓语用had been以及had persevered/had kept，其中第二个had可以省略。“这对他的同伴产生了积极的影响”使用非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，使用which引导从句，“对……积极的影响”用固定短语have a positive effect on，从句使用一般过去时表示过去的动作，动词使用过去式形式，介词on后接宾语“他的同伴”his peers。故翻译为He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still persevered to the end, which had a positive effect on his peers.或He had been exhausted half way through the long race, but still kept running till he reached the finishing line, which had a positive effect on his peers. 75．当孩子们赢得比赛，他们高兴地跳了起来，露出灿烂的笑容，然后拥抱他们的教练，教练似乎还有些不相信。(break into) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When the children won the game, they jumped up happily, breaking into a bright smile, and then they hugged their coach, who didn’t seem to believe it. 【详解】考查动词词组及非谓语动词。“赢得比赛”的英语是“win the game”，“高兴地跳了起来”的英语是“jump up happily”，题目要求使用break into短语，可以把“露出笑容”翻译为“break into a smile”，“灿烂的”的英语是“bright”，“拥抱”的英语是“hug”，“教练”的英语是“coach”，“相信”的英语是“believe”。本句属于一般过去时，所以句子里的谓语动词应该变成过去式。可以将“当孩子们赢得比赛，他们高兴地跳了起来，露出灿烂的笑容”当做一个整体来翻译，使用时间状语从句，翻译为“When the children won the game, they jumped up happily, breaking into a bright smile”，其中breaking into是现在分词做伴随状语；剩下的部分可以使用定语从句来翻译，翻译为“then they hugged their coach, who didn’t seem to believe it”，使用who引到的定语从句来修饰教练。两个句子之间需要使用连词and连接，这样就形成了一个大的并列句，故答案是When the children won the game, they jumped up happily, breaking into a bright smile, and then they hugged their coach, who didn’t seem to believe it. VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你的表弟Jim即将步入高中生活，他现在正苦恼高中是否要在学校住宿。请你以半年的高中生活经验写一封信，信中内容应该包括： 1.你的建议 2.你建议的理由 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考答案】 Dear Jim, I am very glad that you will begin your high school life, which plays a crucial part in a person’s growth. As for your concern about whether to live on campus, I can give you some suggestions based on my own experience. I think you’d better live on campus, as it can help develop a good habit of studying and living. Staying away from the comfort zone of living at home, we have to face challenges by ourselves, thus contributing to our character building. Besides, we can spend less time on the way to school and home, meaning that more time will be employed in study. Last but not the least, we can have more time with classmates. In this sense, our friendship can be deepened. In a word, living on campus can help us be more independent and adapt to new environment more easily. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给他的表弟Jim写一封信，结合自己半年的高中生活经验给正苦恼高中是否要在学校住宿的他提出建议。内容包括： 1.你的建议 2.你建议的理由 【详情解析】1.词汇积累 重要的：crucial→significant 担忧：concern → worry 根据：based on→ according to 远离：stay away from→ keep away from 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As for your concern about whether to live on campus, I can give you some suggestions based on my own experience. 拓展句：As you are concerned about whether to live on campus, I can give you some suggestions based on my own experience. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am very glad that you will begin your high school life, which plays a crucial part in a person’s growth.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Staying away from the comfort zone of living at home, we have to face challenges by ourselves, thus contributing to our character building.（运用了现在分词作原因状语和结果状语） 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■■■■ 2025届高一下学期开学摸底考试（上海专用) 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 0 1 1 1 1 1 注意事项 12345678 12345678 2 2 2 1,答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 2345678 2345678 2345678 2345678 123 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 345678 4 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂： 非选择题必须用0.5mm 5 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 白 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 7 8 78 78 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 5. 正确填涂 选择题（请用2B铅笔填涂） 1 IAJIBIICIDI 11 IAIBIICHDI 16 IAJIBIICIDI 2 IAIIBIICIDI 7 1AIIBIICHDI 12 1AIIBIICIIDI 17 IAIIBIICHDI 3 IAIIBIICIDI 8 IAIIBIICHDI 13 IAIIBIICIDI 18 IAlIBIICHD 製 4 IAIIBIICIDI 9 1AIIBIICIDI 14 IA]IBJICHDI 19 1AJIBIICHDI 5 IAJIBIICIDI 10 IAIIBIICIDI 15 IAIIBIICHDI 20 IAJIBIICIDI 41 IAIIBIICIIDI 461A11B11C11D1 511A11B1IC11D1 56 IAIIBIICIIDI 4 IAIIBIICIIDI 471A1IB11C11D1 52 IAJIBIICIIDI 57 IAIIBIICIIDI 43 IAIIBIICIIDI 48 IAIIBIICIIDI 53 IAIIBIICIIDI 58 IAIIBIICIIDI 44 IAJIBIICIIDI 49 1AIIBIICIIDI 541A11B11C1ID 59 IAIIBIICIIDI 45 IAIIBIICIIDI 501A1IB11C11D1 55 IAIIBIICIIDI 601A11B11C1ID 61 IAIIBIICIIDI 66 IAIIBIICIIDI 蜜 62 IAIIBIICIIDI 67 IAIIBIICIIDIEIIFI 631A11B11C11D1 68 IAIIBIICIIDIIEIIFI 64 IAIIBIICIIDI 691A11B11C11D11E1IF1 65 IAIIBIICIIDI 701A11B11C11D11E11F1 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 、 Grammar and Vocabulary SectionA 21. 22 23 24. 25. 26. 27 28 29. 30 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效： 英语第1页（共2页） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Section B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing V.Translation 72、 73、 74、 75、 VI Guided Writing Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第2页（共2页） 2025届高一下学期开学摸底考试卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension（第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Disappointed. B．Curious. C．Satisfied. D．Casual. 2．A．Catch a train home. B．Do her homework. C．Go to the theater. D．Go to work. 3．A．Talking about sports. B．Writing up local news. C．Reading newspapers. D．Putting up advertisements. 4．A．In a bank. B．In a post office. C．In a supermarket. D．In a restaurant. 5．A．He doesn’t like to talk. B．He is a very kind man. C．He is friendly. D．He is not a pleasant person. 6．A．At a bakery. B．At a hotel. C．At a post office. D．At a birthday party. 7．A．She has to work that day. B．She doesn’t like parties. C．She has to do some sports. D．She must stay at home. 8．A．If he has more than a dollar. B．If he makes a phone call first. C．If he finds the change machine. D．If he buys something from her. 9．A．Visit the company. B．Re-write his resumé. C．Get a job on campus. D．Apply for a job with PICC． 10．A．At 8:30. B．At 9:00. C．At 9:30. D．At 10:00. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．The origin of shopping malls. B．The location of shopping malls. C．The inventor of shopping malls. D．The prospect of shopping malls. 12．A．They were roofless buildings. B．They mainly housed specialty shops. C．They had a certain kind of landscape. D．They provided indoor parking service. 13．A．People loved wandering from shop to shop. B．The shops didn’t need to keep out bad weather. C．Shoppers were more comfortable in such shops. D．Malls could contain much more than just shops. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．How the London Underground system developed. B．What the London Underground Drawing office did. C．What the London Underground platforms were like. D．How the London Underground map came into being. 15．A．Accurate information about distance. B．Time of the first and the last trains. C．The number of station entrances. D．Locations of the stations. 16．A．Original and clear. B．Simple but advanced. C．Attractive but misleading. D．Old-fashioned and complex. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．At home. B．In a studio. C．In office. D．At school. 18．A．An English programme. B．Something annoying. C．An expression. D．A goat, called Fred. 19．A．Neil’s goat is really a mad goat, a trouble maker. B．Neil really makes Feifei mad. C．Neil’s goat was really annoying to everyone. D．Neil’s goat annoys Feifei due to its smell. 20．A．Your best friend told you that he’s past the driving test. B．Some cars are blowing their horns when you are doing a test inside. C．You are riding a bicycle with your classmates in the street. D．Your neighbour brings you a cake because it is her daughter’s birthday. II.Grammar and Vocabulary（每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why do we have adolescence? All mammals need to leave their parents and set up on their own at some point. But human adults generally provide a comfortable existence - food arrives on the table in quantities, money is dished out at regular intervals and can be pleaded for more or less successfully, the bills get 21 (pay) and the electricity for the TV, doesn’t usually run out. 22 teenagers didn’t build up a fairly major disrespect for and irritation with their parents or carers, they’d never want to leave. In fact, falling out of love with the adults 23 look after you is probably a necessary part of growing up. Later, when you’ve gone, you can start to love them again because you won’t need to be fighting 24 (get) away from them. And you can come back sometimes for a home-cooked meal and even bring your dirty washing with you if you play your cards right. The need for separation could also explain 25 teenagers are far more concerned about what their friends think than what their parents think. Recent and ongoing research shows that teenagers even use different parts of the brain and sometimes make different decisions 26 (depend) on whether their friend are with them. Friends are 27 - because friends are what we need when we leave home. Humans rely on sociability. It makes sense to cultivate friends. In fact, this drive   28 independence is possibly the most important thing about adolescence. It is, if you think about it, pretty much the whole point. And it’s 29 your parents and all the adults who care about you want for you in the end. What they may not realize is that if you’re going to be independent at 22 you 30 need to start rattling the bars of the cage at 14. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics         B．experimented        C．supply         D．sufficient        E．feed         F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                 I．processed         J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 31 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 32 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 33 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 34 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 35 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 36 . What will we do then? 37 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 38 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 39 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 40 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call or other notifications that appeared on their phones.  Chavis  told  students  not  to 41 these notifications. Teachers around the country have done similar experiments, usually 42 dozens of markings on the whiteboard. Chavis, who teaches honours-level classes, was 43 by the results of her experiment. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student 44 . The use of electronic devices is so 45 that the National Education Association newsletter said it was a “mental health tsunami (海啸)”. Tests, after-school activities and problems at home can increase 46 for students. But research now 47 that smartphones and social media are some of the main reasons for the rising levels of uneasiness. Last year, an editorial in the journal Paediatrics proposed that doctors ask young patients about their social media use as part of routine exams. Three researchers wrote that too much social media use might 48 the development of mental health disturbance in at-risk teenagers, such as feelings of 49 , depression and anxiety. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. 50 70 percent of teens see anxiety and depression as major problems among their peers, according to a Pew Research report. Nearly 60 percent of parents said they were 51 about the influence of social media on their children’s physical and mental health. Schools are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of 52 . Others invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help 53 students. Some schools have organized unplugged events — days in which people do not use their electronic devices. Less than 20 percent of students and school employees took part, 54 the control that technology has over their daily lives. Some parents are not letting their children get smartphones until they grow up. Deirdre Birmingham of New Jersey 55 a campaign called “Wait Until Eighteenth” because she didn’t think her video game-loving 10-year-old son was ready for a smartphone. The campaign involves groups of parents who have children in the same class. These parents agree not to let their children get phones until they are teenagers. 41．A．switch on B．respond to C．open up D．call at 42．A．interpreting B．comparing C．recording D．teaching 43．A．moved B．shocked C．delighted D．saddened 44．A．approval B．enrolment C．commitment D．anxiety 45．A．convenient B．unique C．attractive D．widespread 46．A．disorder B．stress C．confusion D．pain 47．A．suggests B．analyses C．recommends D．expresses 48．A．result from B．contribute to C．cut down D．push for 49．A．pride B．isolation C．guilt D．love 50．A．Yet B．Even C．Otherwise D．Thus 51．A．excited B．doubtful C．concerned D．warned 52．A．distress B．participation C．dropout D．crime 53．A．handle B．encourage C．calm D．inspire 54．A．restoring B．worsening C．causing D．showing 55．A．joined in B．stepped up C．went against D．appealed to Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A When is the best time to... You might think you’re in control of your schedule, but your body evolved to follow a natural rhythm. Sticking closer to that routine can help keep you in tiptoe shape. ①Drink coffee Sipping caffeine is best early in the day. Consumed later, it can reset your body’s clock and prevent sleep. If you’re sure you can take a shot of espresso at 8 p.m. and be snoring by 10, try skipping the caffeine for a few weeks to see what a night of truly good rest feels like. ②Eat It’s best to eat your biggest meal carly, contrary to a typical American day. Insulin – the hormone that regulates metabolism – peaks in the first half of the day, then steadily drops. So your blood sugar is less likely to skyrocket after a big breakfast than after a comparable dinner. ③Sleep Around 8 or 9 p.m., our bodies start to cool down, and we sleep better when we have a low core body temperature. But how much shut-eye is ideal? Studies show that those who get six and a half to eight hours are less likely to die prematurely. Eight hours seems to be perfect. ④Exercise Some people prefer early-morning jogs. But muscle tone is highest around 5 p.m. It is even the same with professional ones: West Coast NFL teams won more often and by a higher margin in matches after 8 p.m. on the East Coast. Still on Pacific time, their bodies were prepared to play. ⑤Be creative The evolution of language, religion, and philosophy all started with late-night talks. So save that short story you’ve been meaning to write for a dark and restless night. ⑥Do math Scientists think we reach maximum alertness between l0 a.m. and 2 p.m., with a peak around noon. For the first few hours after we wake, organs with more basic functions take priority. Once they get activated, our brains have a chance to obtain more energy. 56．The author suggests people who drink coffee late in the day _____. A．go to bed without drinking coffee B．break their habit and go to bed early C．stick to their habit to have a truly good sleep D．go to bed just two hours after drinking coffee 57．Joanna is a promising young writer whose microblog enjoys one million followers. What is probably the best time for her to writer inspiring stories for her fans? A．8 a.m. B．10 a.m. C．6 p.m. D．11 p.m. 58．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．Having a higher body temperature helps people sleep better. B．Students should work on their math tasks as soon as they get up because their brain works best at the time. C．Professional athletes are likely to achieve better results when training in the late afternoon than in the early morning. D．Americans usually have their biggest meal in the morning. B The crowd holds its breath. High above them on the climbing wall, hanging upside down by the tips of two fingers, is the French climber Francois Lombard. He is competing in the World Cup Climbing Championships at Birmingham’s National Indoor Arena. The National Indoor Arena is more famous for staging the TV show Gladiators, but the television programme and the World Cup Climbing Championships share at least one feature - The Wall. And the fact that either event is possible is the result of a new and rapidly developing technology. Until the mid-1960s, climbers practised their skills on cliffs in areas where there was a plentiful supply of good climbing angles. During the winter they would either put up with the cold weather, go walking instead or climb on snow and ice in Scotland. However, as the sport developed it was increasingly important for top climbers to keep fit. With the cliffs unusable for much of the year, they used brick-edges or stone buildings to ‘work out’ on. This allowed them to keep their fingers strong, and beat off the boredom of not being able to climb. It wasn’t long before many sports centres started building walls specifically for the task, using bricks with special edges to cling on to. Many of these early walls followed the example set by Don Robinson, a teacher of physical education who ,during the mid- 1960s, constructed a climbing wall in a corridor of his department at Leeds University. Robinson developed the idea of setting natural rock in a block of concrete, which could then be included in a wall. Scores of climbing walls of this kind were built in sports halls up and down the country throughout the 1970s but they had obvious design problems. Walls could only be built in a vertical plane (垂直面), while cliffs outside have features like overhangs and angled slabs (石板) of rock. There was the added problem that once the walls were up their patterns were fixed and climbers would eventually tire of their repetitive nature, despite thinking of every combination of holds possible. In 1985, a Frenchman, Francois Savigny, developed a material which he made into shapes like those that climbers would find on the cliffs. These could be fixed onto any existing wall and then taken off when climbers got bored with a particular combination. 59．What can be learned about the climbers before the mid-1960s? A．They relied on stone buildings for practice. B．They found no place for training in the winter. C．They practised their skills in a natural environment. D．They were dissatisfied with their training equipment. 60．The phrase “cling on to” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A．hold firmly B．adapt to C．take a close look at D．keep away from 61．What problem did the climbing walls developed by Don Robinson have? A．They were a great drain on climbers’ energy. B．They looked too much like natural cliffs. C．They were not secure enough. D．They could not be altered. 62．According to the passage, the material developed by Francois Savigny enabled climbing walls to become more ________ A．challenging B．flexible C．popular D．stable C To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 63．According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A．follow the theory of imitation B．set a good example for the child to copy C．simplify each action shown to the child D．view from the child’s perspective 64．Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A．The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B．The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C．The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D．The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 65．It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A．whose actions are consistent with theirs B．who enjoy a high social status C．whose talent and skill are extraordinary D．whom they want to be shaped into 66．What is the passage mainly about? A．The factors determining children’s imitation. B．The significance of learning by imitation. C．The way children choose models. D．The reason for parenting by imitation. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Taking responsibility for yourself and your actions is an important part of personal growth. It’s never too late to start practicing the positive habit of accepting responsibility for yourself. 67 Improve your confidence. 68 If you can’t think of any, ask loved ones to help. You can also write down your goals, create a plan for achieving them and learn to accept positive feedback. Remove the excuses. To break the harmful habit of excuse-making, ensure you’re honestly acknowledging what really happened. Next time you’re faced with the negative result of a situation, ensure you say something like “Sorry, I messed it up. How can I make up for it?” 69 Take positive actions. If you want your family and friends to show more interest in your life, get interested in theirs. If you want a more satisfying job, figure out what you need to do to achieve it. Your actions will affect what you get out of life, so ensure you’re acting in a way you get what you want. 70 If you often see yourself as a powerless man, this might be because you are experiencing hardships in your own life. And this feeling will be strengthened by the way you communicate with yourself and others. So look out for passive, self-destroying thoughts like “Why is this happening to me?” and learn to take responsibility. A．How can I be more powerful? B．Change your thought patterns. C．Realize who you are as a person. D．No matter how old you are, you can easily begin today. E．Don’t worry-—your honesty will earn you respect from others. F．Spend some time reflecting on your strengths and how to use them. IV. Summary Writing(共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids. When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them. A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money. For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．老师很惊喜地发现他演讲时没有看稿。(refer) (汉译英) 73．科学探索和自然栖息地的消亡是如何影响南极洲(Antarctica)的? (affect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 74．长跑过半他已精疲力竭，但仍然坚持到了终点，这对他的同伴产生了积极的影响。(effect) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 75．当孩子们赢得比赛，他们高兴地跳了起来，露出灿烂的笑容，然后拥抱他们的教练，教练似乎还有些不相信。(break into) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing(共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你的表弟Jim即将步入高中生活，他现在正苦恼高中是否要在学校住宿。请你以半年的高中生活经验写一封信，信中内容应该包括： 1.你的建议 2.你建议的理由 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■■■ 2025届高一下学期开学摸底考试（上海专用） 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 12 注意事项 123456789 2 2 123456789 23456789 123456789 123456789 23 1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚， 3 3 并认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 3456789 4 9 4 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0.5mm 456789 5 56 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 6 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答， 超出答题区域范 78 7 围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效， 8 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用 9 9 9 涂改液、刮纸刀。 5.正确填涂■ 毁 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) 6 B 16 1A1IBC D 3 7890 B A B B 71819520 D D 41 B 46 分 BBB aa aa eeeee A D B B BB B I 0 B D 10 D E F 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 剂 Ⅲ、 Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 21. 22 23 24. 25. 26 27 28 29 30. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ Section B 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 密… IV.Summary Writing 71 …封一 Translation 72、 一线 73、 74、 75、 Guided Writing Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 英语第2页（共2页） ■■■■ ■■■■■■■ ■■■■ ■■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 毁 555 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框眼定区域的答案无效！ 爵 器 ■ 英语第1页（共2页） ■