Unit 4 第3课时 Grammar（同步课件）英语译林版九年级下册

Grammar Unit 4 Life on Mars 1 1.掌握本课重点词汇：aware,circle,agreement,distance, possibility, alien,doubt, stranger等; 2.探究学习用介词短语把时间/原因/条件状语从句转换为简单句; 3.探究学习用介词把宾语从句转换成简单句; 4.探究学习用介词把定语从句转换成简单句。 Language goals Review 01 3 (1)“宾语+宾语补足语”与宾语从句转换： I found that the movie is very interesting(宾语从句). I found the movie (宾语) very interesting (宾语补足语)。 (2) “含有特殊疑问词的宾语从句”转换为简单句(主从句的主语一致)： She has known where she will hide. She has known where to hide. (3)so…that…/ so that引导的状语从句转换为简单句(主从句主语一致)： “too...to...”结构/ “enough to”结构 She is so young that she can’t dress herself. She is too young to dress herself. He is so clever that he can solve any problem easily. He is clever enough to solve any problem easily. 复合句转换为简单句 句型转换 Review (1) (2) (3) (4) 4 Lead in Today we continue to explore the conversion between complex sentences and simple sentences. 复合句和简单句的转换(二) 5 Grammar 02 6 When I was ten years old, I learned to ride a bicycle. 主句 时间状语从句 引导词 Observe She was late for work because there was a traffic jam. 主句 原因状语从句 引导词 I learned to ride a bicycle at the age of ten. She was late for work because of the traffic jam. 我们可以用介词短语把状语从句转换为简单句。 Part A Using adverbial clauses or simple sentences. We can rewrite some adverbial clauses in simple sentences with at the age of, because of and without. Neil Armstrong received his student pilot's licence when he was 16. Neil Armstrong received his student pilot's licence at the age of 16. People might float in space because the gravity is low. People might float in space because of the low gravity. Humans cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. Humans cannot survive without food, water or oxygen. 时间状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 介词短语 (1)when引导的时间状语从句 可借助介词短语at the age of转化为简单句。 I found that the movie is very interesting(宾语从句). I found the movie (宾语) very interesting (宾语补足语)。 (2) because引导的原因状语从句 用介词短语because of可转换成简单句。 He made me feel that I am very happy. He made me (宾语) very happy (宾语补足语)。 (3)if not引导的条件状语从句 可借助without短语转化为简单句。 She wouldn't have passed the exam if she hadn't studied hard. She wouldn't have passed the exam without studying hard. 状语从句与 介词短语简单句的转换 句型转换 (一) Grammar 注意：转换时要注意时态 和句意的一致性和准确性。 (1) (2) (3) (4) 9 Daniel is writing about visiting another planet. Help him rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Part A Learning about outer space 10 1. Neil Armstrong took his first flight when he was only six. (at the age of) __________________________________________________________ 2. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space at the age of 27. (when) __________________________________________________________ 3. People might move to another planet in the future because the population on the Earth is increasing rapidly. (because of) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Part A Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. ➜ Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space when he was 27. ➜ People might move to another planet in the future because of the rapid increase in population on the Earth. ➜Neil Armstrong took his first flight at the age of six. 11 4. If there is no fresh food, meals will not be as tasty as they are today. (without) ___________________________________________________________ 5. It would be funny to play football on Mars because of the low gravity. (because) ___________________________________________________________ 6. Without special boots, you cannot walk on Mars. (if … not ) ___________________________________________________________ Part A ➜ It would be funny to play football on Mars because the gravity is low. ➜ If you do not wear special boots, you cannot walk on Mars. ➜Without fresh food, meals will not be as tasty as they are today. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. 12 I'm proud that I'm a member of this team. 主句 宾语从句 引导词 Observe I heard that you got a new job. 主句 宾语从句 引导词 I'm proud of being a member of this team. I heard about your new job. 用介词of, about等将 宾语从句转换成简单句。 Are they sure that space travel will be very fast? Are they sure about the fast speed of space travel? Part B Using object clauses or simple sentences. We can rewrite some object clauses in simple sentences with prepositions like of and about. 宾语从句 The smell of the pills reminds them that food on the Earth is tasty. The smell of the pills reminds them of the tasty food on the Earth. (1)动词和介词搭配 将宾语从句转换为简单句 We are sure that the book is of great value. We are sure of the great value of the book. I don't care that he has a different opinion. I don't care about his having a different opinion. (2)注意： 常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有： remind somebody of ... 使某人想起…… be sure/certain about ... 对……确信 care about ...不关心 be in doubt... 怀疑 介词转化宾语从句为简单句 句型转换 (二) Grammar (1) (2) (3) (4) 15 Millie knows little about the planet Mars. She is asking Daniel for more information. Rewrite Millie's sentences using the words in brackets. Part B About the planet Mars 16 Millie: (1) Are you aware how far Mars is away from the Sun? Daniel: Yes. Mars is about 142,000,000 miles away from the Sun. It takes Mars about two Earth years to circle around the Sun once. Millie: (2) Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future? Daniel: No. But they're working hard to learn more about Mars. Millie: (3) Do they think that the low gravity on Mars might be a problem? Daniel: Yes, they do. Millie: (4) Are you aware that transport could be like on Mars? Daniel: It could be much better than that on the Earth. However, scientists aren't sure whether people could grow plants on Mars. Millie: (5) I wonder how many people would like to move to Mars. (6) I think people should know that life on Mars would be different from that on the Earth. Part B Read and finish the task. 17 Part B Read and finish the task. 1. Are you aware _________________________________ (distance)? 2. Do scientists agree _____________________________ (possibility)? 3. Have they thought ______________________________________ (problem)? 4. Are you aware _________________________________________ (transport)? 5. I wonder __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ (number). 6. I think people should know ___________________________ ___________________________________________________ (differences). of the distance between Mars and the sun about the possibility of living on Mars about the low gravity problem of the transport on Mars the number of the people who would like to move to Mars the differences between life on Mars and that on Earth 18 The house which has a big garden around it is very beautiful. 主句 定语从句 Observe The people who are in trouble need our help. 主句 定语从句 The house with a big garden around it is very beautiful. The people in trouble need our help. 用介词with ，in把 定语从句转换成简单句 先行词 先行词 People might live in houses which have huge comfortable rooms. People might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. On Mars you might see people who wear special boots. On Mars you might see people in special boots. Part C Using defining relative clauses or simple sentences We can rewrite some defining relative clauses in simple sentences with prepositions like with and in. (1)介词with, in等将定语从句转换成简单句 The girl who has a good memory can remember many things easily. The girl with a good memory can remember many things easily. The project which is in progress should be paid more attention to. The project in progress should be paid more attention to. Grammar 介词转化定语从句为简单句 (2)注意： 表示地点、范围等情况用with 表示处于某种状态、情况等用in 句型转换 (三) (1) (2) (3) (4) 21 Simon is writing about Mars. Rewrite the defining relative clauses in simple sentences with preposition with or in. Part C Curious about Mars 22 Part C Rewrite these sentences . 1. Mars is a planet that has an environment similar to that of the Earth. ____________________________________________________________ 2. Astronauts who wear space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours. ____________________________________________________________ 3. It is difficult to breathe on a planet that has much thinner air than that on the Earth. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 4. On Mars there might be people who carry air tanks on their backs. ____________________________________________________________ Mars is a planet with an environment similar to that of the Earth. Astronauts in space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours. It is difficult to breathe on a planet with much thinner air than that on the Earth. On Mars there might be people with air tanks on their backs. 23 Simon is interested in stories about aliens. He even writes to aliens. Replace each of the underlined parts in his letter with another expression. Part C Curious about Mars 24 Part C Rewrite these sentences . Dear aliens, Humans are thinking about moving to another planet (1) because the pollution on the Earth is very serious. Many people do not doubt (2) that life on Mars would be very interesting, but I am not sure. We could not play football on Mars (3) because of the low gravity. Life would be boring for me (4) if I could not play football. Maybe this problem could be solved by building indoor playgrounds (5) which have the same football fields as those on the Earth. By the way, would strangers be welcome? I hope to hear from you soon. Simon because of the about because the gravity is low. without playing football. with the same football fields as those on the Earth. the interesting life on Mars. very serious pollution on the Earth. 25 Language points 03 26 (2) 作名词 意为“疑惑” 常见结构为:no doubt没有疑惑， without doubt毫无疑问， in doubt有疑问，拿不定主意 Without doubt,this is the reason why he didn’t recognize his mother. (4)作动词，意为“怀疑，对…疑惑” 常跟宾语从句。 I doubt if he can do as I told him. I don’t doubt that she is honest. Language points 1.Many people are in no doubt that life on Mars would be very interesting. doubt Point doubt (1) (2) (3) (4) 27 Summary 04 28 (1)用介词短语at the age of, because of和without等 将状语从句转换成简单句； (2) 用介词of, about等将宾语从句转换成简单句； (3)用介词with, in等 将定语从句转换成简单句。 Summary Summary 简单句和复合句之间的转化 (1) (2) (3) (4) 29 See you $$