重难点06 语法填空综合运用（综合练）-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

重难点01 语法填空之综合运用（综合练） 北京近三年高考真题考点分布 年份 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词 2024 3 3 2 0 1　 1 0 0　 0　 0 2023 3 3 1 1 0　 1 0 0　 0 1 2022 4 2 0 1 0　 2 0 0　 0 1 语法填空考点设置有如下特点： 一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题 高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。 非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。 派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。 名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。 形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。 低频考点 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题 高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。 冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。 从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。 低频考点 并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。 其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。 [知考点·通技法] 一、“有提示词类”解题攻略 (一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词 1．考查谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2．考查非谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。 1.After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures. 2.Shyness is a force which prevents us from realizing our potential and (enjoy) the company of other people. 3.In the long history of Chinese civilization, we may feel that the unique Chinese characteristics are all around us and all within us, ____ (reflect)in Kungfu to a large extent. 3．考查派生词 解题 攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 1.The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ______ (meaning)． 3.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect)． 4.While there are ______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 5.When he looked down, he ________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 6.At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. (二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词 解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57functional structure that is also beautiful. (三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词 解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。 1.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete ) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. 2.The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes even (popular) among tourists. (四)低频考点：提示词为代词 解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。 As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in __________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to 二、“无提示词类”解题攻略 (一)高频考点之一：填介词 解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。 This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park. (二)高频考点之二：填冠词 解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。 As expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. (三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词 解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。 1.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________ they need an English trainer. 2.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (四)低频考点：填并列连词 解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。 Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2020-2024北京中考真题 2024 A Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1. (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2. (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3. (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4. (boundary) in our personal and professional life. B On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 5. (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 6. (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret:moderation(适度). Tinniswood, 7. doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. C One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 8. myself, “Why would he carry all his books?” Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 10. (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 答案 2023 A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 2022 A Helen was walking down the street late 1.　　　　　　 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 2.　　　　　　(harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 3.　　　　　　(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!  B Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 4.　　　　　　(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 5.　　　　　　 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 6.　　　　　　(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.  C 　　Since people can't always eat out or cook for 7.　　　　　　(they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8.　　　　　　 are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 9.　　　　　　(bad). The use of those plastics 10.　　　　　　(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.  2021 A Why do we dream? Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse 1.　　(idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 2.　　 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 3.　　(connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.  B Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 4.　　 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 5.　　 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 6.　　(safe) wait for the police to take her home.  C There 7.　　(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 8.　　(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9.　　(result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 10.　　(invest) in disaster prevention.  2020 A 　　Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1.　　　　　　(play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2.　　　　　　(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3.　　　　　　 you can join in when it's possible.  B 　　Single⁃use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4.　　　　　　(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5.　　　　　　(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6.　　　　　　 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7.　　　　　　(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.  C A piece of stone 8.　　　　　　(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9.　　　　　　(live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 10.　　　　　　(smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.  （建议用时：40分钟） 一．2024届北京市西城区高三下学期二模考试英语试题 A In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law 1 (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful 2 (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there 3 (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, 4 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. B A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 5 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 6 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 7 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. C Booking a flight-free holiday is effortless with Byway Travel. 8 (found) in 2020 by Cat Jones, a non-car owner whose family vacations annually by train and bike, Byway is the world’s first travel agent that offers 100% flight-free trips. The company excels in integrating the journey into the adventure itself, 9 (ensure) travelers discover the interesting places they would otherwise miss by flying over them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursions from the UK to Europe, with plans to expand its flight-free travel offerings 10 (global) in the future. 二．2024届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Have you ever heard of the Ring of Fire? It might sound like something straight out of science fiction, 1 it is a real place. The Ring of Fire is the name used by scientists to describe an area 2 frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place. In fact, most of the world’s volcanoes are located there. The Ring of Fire is an arc-shaped region that 3 (run) along the coast of North and South America, along the eastern edge of Asia, across Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, and along the coast of New Zealand. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 At the moment, AI tools provide results that are not always correct or appropriate. That’s 4 companies are looking for people to help train AI programs. These people are called prompt engineers, who 5 (pay) six-figure salaries. Anna Bernstein, a prompt engineer, writes prompts and feeds them 6 AI tools. This helps the AI generate text with accurate information. She thinks prompt engineering is now one of the hottest tech jobs and she loves her job. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 7 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 8 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 9 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 10 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. 三．2024届北京市顺义区高三下学期二模英语试题 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Davyon Johnson, an 11-year-old boy, was honored by his community after saving two lives in one day. On Dec. 9, a choking student tripped into the classroom 1 Davyon was. Davyon did the Heimlich immediately and saved him. Hours later, on his way home, Davyon spotted a house on fire. Everybody 2 (run) out except for an elderly lady. As the woman struggled 3 (move) using her walker, Davyon raced up the steps and helped her escape the burning building. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cats are second only to dogs as the most common pets in the world. 4 (compare) with dogs, cats might seem cold, but they can form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Studies have shown that cat-owning seniors often exhibit lower levels of 5 (lonely), anxiety, and depression. 6 (own) a cat invites several costs, for food, litter, medications, toys and care. However, cats do not need regular bathing 7 they have health problems that make it necessary. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Soil 8 (find) nearly everywhere. And it seems unlikely that we would ever lose all the soil on Earth. However, 9 we may lose is the deep and rich agricultural soil because of over-farming, a lack of plant cover off-season and a collection of salt from watering and fertilization (施肥). 10 proper measures, some experts warn, there could be serious agricultural soil problems before the end of this century. 四．2024届北京市丰台区高三下学期综合练习（二）英语试题 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Before some of the greatest explorers in history were born, Vikings had already navigated (航海) their way around the world. But with no 1 (compass), satellites or radios, how did they manage 2 (map) the globe so impressively? The answer is 3 (simple) than you might expect — experience. Viking travelers studied the positions of the stars and the sun. Even the colour of the sea and movement of the waves would give them an 4 (indicate) of how close they were to land. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Port of Shanghai has been the busiest in the world for 14 years running after 5 (overtake) the Port of Singapore in 2010. The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, 6 (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. From here, 500 million tonnes of goods is handled in a year. There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of 7 consists of coal, steel and machinery. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When a severe car crash occurs on a deserted road, the injured may not rely on nearby witnesses to call the emergency services. Now many modern smartphones 8 (equip) with crash-detection technology that uses data to determine when a car crash has occurred. An alarm 9 (play) by the smartphones will be sent to the services automatically. In an emergency situation the device detects 10 the crash takes place to share the location with first responders so that there’s a higher chance of survival for the crash victims. 五．2024届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题 A Released on Aug 30,2023,a three-episode web series 1 (title)Escape From the British Museum has become popular online for its touching and innovative story.The series follows the journey home of a Chinese jade teapot that has come to life as a girl.She runs away from the British Museum and comes across a Chinese journalist 2 helps the artifact(文物)return to China.The series aims to raise broader awareness of Chinese artifacts that 3 (keep)abroad. B In America,people use both“fall”and“autumn”to describe the 4 (three)season of the year.According to Dictionary.com,these two words were first documented within a few 5 (century).The period between summer and winter was called“harvest” 6 old English.This word has Germanic origins highlighting the act of gathering and preserving crops before winter.In the 1500s,English speakers 7 (begin)referring to the season between cold and warm months as the“fall of the leaf”which later shortened to“fall”. C Wake up early enough and probably you 8 (hear)a pleasant chorus of birds.This early singing can start as early as 4 a.m.and last for several hours.Birds do it 9 (attract)mates and warn other birds to avoid their place.One theory as to 10 they choose the early morning to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities,like searching for food.Keeping their activity level low,they choose to sing instead. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点01 语法填空之综合运用（综合练） 北京近三年高考真题考点分布 年份 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词 2024 3 3 2 0 1　 1 0 0　 0　 0 2023 3 3 1 1 0　 1 0 0　 0 1 2022 4 2 0 1 0　 2 0 0　 0 1 语法填空考点设置有如下特点： 一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题 高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。 非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。 派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。 名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。 形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。 低频考点 代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题 高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。 冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。 从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。 低频考点 并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。 其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。 [知考点·通技法] 一、“有提示词类”解题攻略 (一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词 1．考查谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。 Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 【答案】walks 2．考查非谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。 1.After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。 【答案】to visit 2.Shyness is a force which prevents us from realizing our potential and (enjoy) the company of other people. 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：害羞是一种阻碍我们发挥潜能和享受与他人相处的力。分析句子结构可知，介词from后接动名词形式作宾语。此空与realizing并列。故填enjoying。 【答案】enjoying 3.In the long history of Chinese civilization, we may feel that the unique Chinese characteristics are all around us and all within us, ____ (reflect)in Kungfu to a large extent. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在漫长的中华文明史中，我们可能会感觉到，独特的中国特色围绕着我们，无处不在，很大程度上体现在功夫上。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，unique Chinese characteristics与reflect构成逻辑上的被动关系，空处用过去分词。故填reflected。 【答案】reflected 3．考查派生词 解题 攻略 有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 1.The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 根据所给提示词为名词，利用考向思维并结合句中and homes可知，该题所需填的词应是名词的复数。故填populations。 2.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ______ (meaning)． 根据所给提示词为名词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，此处为“make＋宾语＋宾补(形容词)”的固定结构，空处应填形容词形式。故填meaningful。 3.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect)． 根据所给提示词为动词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，此处考查动词变名词。故填protection。 4.While there are ______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 根据所给提示词为动词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，该空用形容词化的v.-ing分词形式来修饰物，表示“令人感到……”。故填amazing。 5.When he looked down, he ________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 根据所给提示词为形容词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，该题用副词修饰动词。故填accidentally。 7.At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 根据所给提示词为形容词，利用考向思维并结合语境意义可知，形容词historical之后，应使用名词。故填accuracy。 (二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词 解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。 The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57functional structure that is also beautiful. 【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 【答案】engineering。 (三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词 解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。 1.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete ) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 【答案】completion。 2.The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes even (popular) among tourists. 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这些人民币图片使这些中国经典风景在游客中更加受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有even修饰，所以要用形容词的比较级形式，作补语。故填more popular。 【答案】more popular (四)低频考点：提示词为代词 解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。 As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in __________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to 【解析】考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”，此处相当于“in my memory”，所以用mine代替my memory。 【答案】mine。 二、“无提示词类”解题攻略 (一)高频考点之一：填介词 解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。 This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved __________all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park. 【解析】考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。故填for。 【答案】for。 (二)高频考点之二：填冠词 解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。 As expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 【解析】考查冠词。句意：作为“宝贝安娜贝尔问专家”活动的一名专家，人们问我，害羞的个性是我们天生的，还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的。可数名词expert在句中表示“一名专家”，泛指，expert发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。 【答案】an (三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词 解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。 1.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _________ they need an English trainer. 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 【答案】why。 2.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _______ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 【答案】that/which。 (四)低频考点：填并列连词 解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。 Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【解析】考查连词。句意：…Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【答案】and。 2020-2024北京中考真题 2024 A Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1. (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2. (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3. (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4. (boundary) in our personal and professional life. B On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 5. (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 6. (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret:moderation(适度). Tinniswood, 7. doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. C One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 8. myself, “Why would he carry all his books?” Just then, some kids ran at him, 9. (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 10. (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 答案 [A篇解读] 本文是说明文，主要介绍了慢生活的好处。 1.to rest考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展更深层次的自我意识。take time to do sth.意为“花时间做某事”。 2. self-awareness考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处位于介词of后，需填名词构成短语a deeper sense of self-awareness，该短语在句中作develop的宾语。故填self-awareness。 3. gives考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们慢下来的时候，我们创造了反思我们的思想和情感的空间，这有助于我们识别生活中重要的领域，并给我们做出正确的选择的机会。设空处位于which引导的定语从句中，与helps并列作从句中的谓语，故填gives。 4. boundaries考查名词的复数形式。句意：要做到这一点，我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中建立清晰的界限。设空处位于形容词clear后并且作establish的宾语，因此设空处填名词。boundary意为“边界，界限”，为可数名词，故用其复数形式boundaries。 [B篇解读]本文是一则新闻报道。报道介绍了世界上仍在世的最长寿男性约翰·廷尼斯伍德。 5. was named考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被确定为世界上仍在世的最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024判断，句子应用一般过去时；主语John Tinniswood为单数概念，与动词name之间为被动关系，故设空处填was named。 6. asked考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀：适度。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词shared，故设空处要填动词的非谓语形式。设空处的逻辑主语是he，两者构成被动关系，因此要用过去分词作状语。故填asked。 7. who考查定语从句。句意：廷尼斯伍德不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为节制有助于他在漫长的一生中保持健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tinniswood（指人），因此设空处填关系代词who，在从句中作主语。 [C篇解读]本文是记叙文，主要讲述了一个沿街行走的男孩被小孩子撞到而掉落了书和眼镜，作者主动上前帮助他的故事。 8. to考查介词。think to oneself表示“心里想”。故填to。 9. knocking考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：就在这时，一些孩子向他跑过来，撞掉了他怀里的书。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词ran，故设空处要填动词的非谓语形式。设空处的逻辑主语是some kids，两者构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。 10. jogged考查动词的时态。句意：我对他心生同情，就跑到他跟前。该句为and连接的并列句，and前面的分句的谓语动词为went，所以此处也用一般过去时。故填jogged。 2023 A Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. C Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 答案 [A篇解读] 作者分享了自己在瑞士和法国的经历，以此说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现。 1. threw 考查动词的时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁聚会，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。设空处与was greatly surprised并列，作句子的谓语。根据was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填threw。 2. exactly 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处作状语，修饰介词短语on time，应使用副词形式。故填exactly。 3. arrived/had arrived 考查动词的时态。句意：几年后，我搬到了法国，我在约定的时间来吃晚饭，却发现没有其他客人来，女主人还穿着睡衣。that引导find后的宾语从句，设空处作宾语从句的谓语。本句上文描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。所以填arrived。也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrive的动作发生在“发现”以前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故也可填had arrived。 [B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国的红树林。 4. seen 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。本句已有谓语动词appear，设空处为非谓语形式作时间状语，与其逻辑主语the mangrove forests构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填seen。 5. cities 考查名词的复数形式。句意：红树林有助于削弱海浪，保护城市免受海风（的侵袭）。city是可数名词，空前没有任何限定成分，应使用复数形式。故填cities。 6. has established 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语Up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。 [C篇解读] 本文主要讲述了Nina希望通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。 7. to 考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步都有一个指导目的：唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。attention to...是固定搭配，意为“对……的关注”，故填to。 8. where 考查定语从句。句意：Nina最近在芝加哥完成了她长达一年的一系列跑步比赛，数千人在那里参加了一次水事会议。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Chicago。故填关系副词where。 9. to address 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地人们面临的关于“水太少或水太脏”的挑战。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作目的状语，应使用不定式。故填to address。 10. facing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作后置定语，与被修饰词people构成主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填facing。 2022 A Helen was walking down the street late 1.　　　　　　 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 2.　　　　　　(harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 3.　　　　　　(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!  B Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 4.　　　　　　(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 5.　　　　　　 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 6.　　　　　　(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.  C 　　Since people can't always eat out or cook for 7.　　　　　　(they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 8.　　　　　　 are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 9.　　　　　　(bad). The use of those plastics 10.　　　　　　(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.  答案　 [A篇解读] 海伦以为自己被坏人追赶,最后发现那个男人只是想归还她的钱包。 1.in　考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦正在街上走着,怀里抱满了购物袋。in the evening是固定短语,意为“在晚上”。 2.to harm　考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:害怕他可能打算伤害她,海伦开始逃跑。have an intention to do sth.是固定结构,意为“打算做某事”。 3.caught　考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终,这个男人追上了她,他只是想归还她的钱包!根据其他句子的时态和本句的时间状语“Eventually”可知,这里描述过去的动作,用一般过去时,且主谓语在逻辑上是主动关系,故填caught。 [B篇解读] 本文分析了为什么人类更喜欢某些气味并介绍了这种偏好在日常生活中的运用。 4.supported　考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:越来越受到专家支持的一种理论认为,嗅觉偏好是后天习得的。由后面的谓语动词“suggests”可知,设空处应该用support的非谓语形式,再根据“by experts”可知,这里应该用过去分词短语作定语,修饰主语“One theory”。 5.whether　考查名词性从句。句意:解释我们如何确定气味是否危险是很容易的——我们学习。whether...or not是固定句式,意为“是否……”。 6.has　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:天然气本身没有可识别的气味。此处介绍天然气的客观属性,应该用一般现在时,主语是“Gas”,为第三人称单数且与谓语动词之间是主动关系,故填has。 [C篇解读] 外带食物和外卖产生大量垃圾,造成越来越严重的环境污染。 7.themselves　考查代词。句意:由于人们不能总是在外面吃饭和自己做饭,他们就买外带食物或叫外卖。 设空处在介词“for”后作宾语,且主语和宾语指的是相同的人,所以用反身代词。 8.which　考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大部分只能使用一次。 设空处位于介词“of”后,引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词“cups, bottles, and bags”,且在定语从句中作主语,所以填关系代词which。 9.worse　考查形容词的比较级。 句意:这是一个大问题,而且正变得越来越严重。由下一句对环境问题严重性的介绍和“even”可知,这里用比较级形式。 10.has increased　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自2019年以来,那些塑料的使用量增加了300%。根据本句的时间状语“since 2019”可知,谓语应该用现在完成时,主语“The use of those plastics”是第三人称单数且与谓语动词之间是主动关系,故填has increased。 2021 A Why do we dream? Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse 1.　　(idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything 2.　　 happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 3.　　(connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.  B Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 4.　　 a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 5.　　 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 6.　　(safe) wait for the police to take her home.  C There 7.　　(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 8.　　(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 9.　　(result) in USD2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 10.　　(invest) in disaster prevention.  答案 [A篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是做梦。文章主要阐述了人做梦的缘由。 1.ideas　解题指导　考查名词复数形式。关注句意所透出的名词的数的形式。 解析　 句意:科学家不是完全确定,并且他们有不同的观点。由diverse可知,此处应该用所给词的复数形式,即ideas。 2.that　解题指导　考查定语从句。关注句意及句式结构。 解析　 句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑整理了白天所发生的一切,尽量把新的经历和旧的记忆联系起来。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知,此处引导定语从句;再分析定语从句成分可知,定语从句缺少主语,再由前面的先行词everything为不定代词可知,此处只能填that。 知识拓展　在定语从句中,如果先行词是指物的不定代词,如everything、something、anything、nothing、all、little、a little等,且定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语的时候,定语从句的关系代词只能用that,不能用which。 3.connects　解题指导　考查动词的时态和语态。关注句式结构、整个语篇的时态及句子描述的情境。 解析　 句意:当你的大脑连接事物时,它就会把它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到一个梦了。结合整个语篇的时态基调是一般现在时态,再分析此处是个状语从句,主句的时态用的是一般现在时,故从句的时态也应该用一般现在时,由主语为it且connect与主语为主动关系可知,此处应填connects。 [B篇解读] 本文为记叙文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是人际关系、社会交往。文章主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情。 4.on　解题指导　考查介词。关注句意及句子描述的情境。 解析　 句意:当他在一个寒冷的夜晚骑车回家时,他遇到一个独自一人在街道游荡、愁容满面的老妇人。这里指在“一个寒冷的夜晚”,故前面应该用on。 5.where　解题指导　考查宾语从句。关注句意及句式结构。 解析　 句意:老妇人无法向萨姆提供任何有关她住处的信息。分析该处句式结构并结合句意可知,此处引导宾语从句;再分析宾语从句成分并结合宾语从句意思可知,宾语从句缺少地点状语,故此处应填where。 6.safely　 解题指导　考查副词。关注句意及所给词后面的动词。 解析　 句意:萨姆陪同她走到附近的一个便利店以便她能安全地等候警察来带她回家。由句意及所给词后面的动词可知,此处应该用所给词的副词形式,即safely。 知识拓展　walk sb. to someplace意为“陪伴/护送某人走到某处”,为固定用法,这里的walk为及物动词,意为“陪伴……走,护送……走”。 [C篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是气候变化与自然灾害。文章主要阐述了近二十年全球气候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生。 7.has been　 解题指导　考查动词的时态。关注句中的关键性时间状语。 解析　 句意:根据联合国的一份新报告:在过去的二十年,出现了极端天气事件数量的急剧增多,这很大程度上是由全球气温不断上升所导致的。由句中的关键性时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知,此处应该用现在完成时态。 8.caused　 解题指导　考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意、句子结构及句中关键词。 解析　 分析整个句子可知,尽管句子很长,但它只是个简单句,故该处不能填谓语动词,只能填动词的非谓语形式;由空后的关键词by并结合句意可知,此处应填过去分词caused,表示被动。 9.resulting　 解题指导　考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意和句子结构。 解析　 句意:从2000年到2019年,全球共有7,348次严重的自然灾害,导致29,700亿美元的经济损失。分析整个句子可知,句子前面是“there be”句型,后面用现在分词表示结果。 10.to invest　 解题指导　考查动词的非谓语形式。关注句意和句子结构。 解析　 分析句子可知,这里的need为名词,意为“需要、需求”,后面应该用动词不定式形式作后置定语,修饰need。 2020 A 　　Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1.　　　　　　(play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2.　　　　　　(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3.　　　　　　 you can join in when it's possible.  B 　　Single⁃use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4.　　　　　　(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5.　　　　　　(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6.　　　　　　 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7.　　　　　　(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.  C A piece of stone 8.　　　　　　(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9.　　　　　　(live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 10.　　　　　　(smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.  答案　 [A篇解读] 本文讲述了美食电视节目的主持人奥利弗对美食的态度。 1.plays/has played/is playing/has been playing　考查动词的时态。根据主句谓语动词says(一般现在时)及本句语境可知设空处需用现在的某种时态,可用一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时或现在完成进行时。 2.lucky　考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示“幸运的”,故填形容词lucky。 3.if/whether　考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,故填if或whether。 [B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了一次性塑料袋对生态环境的危害。 4.are thrown　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:一次性塑料袋至多使用几次就被扔掉。设空处所在句子说的是现在的情况,需用一般现在时;从句主语they与throw为被动关系,需用被动语态,故填are thrown。 5.to break　考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们需要几百年才能分解。“It takes+sb./sth.+一段时间+to do”为固定句型,故填不定式to break。 6.into/to　考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,那些袋子会分解成无数的碎片,鱼会不小心吃掉其中的一些。设空处前为动词短语,设空处后为名词复数,由此可判断设空处需用介词;设空处与fall apart连用,表示“分解成”,故填into或to。 7.countries　考查名词复数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这样的袋子,以阻止人们使用它们。设空处与后面的regions并列作主语,由此可判断设空处需用名词形式;根据设空处前的lots of可知设空处需用名词复数形式,故填countries。 [C篇解读] 在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,已经灭绝的人类的亲属尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。 8.found　考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,已经灭绝的人类的亲属尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。被修饰词stone与find为逻辑上的被动关系,且设空处表示的动作已经完成,故填过去分词found。 9.lived/had lived/had been living　考查动词的时态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处所在句子说的是过去的事情,故设空处需用过去的某种时态,再根据本句的时间状语for tens of thousands of years可知,设空处可用一般过去时、过去完成时或过去完成进行时。 10.smarter　考查形容词的比较级。句意:他们比现代人类强壮得多,但人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人聪明。根据设空处后的than可知,设空处需用形容词比较级作表语,故填smarter。 （建议用时：40分钟） 一．2024届北京市西城区高三下学期二模考试英语试题 A In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law 1 (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful 2 (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there 3 (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, 4 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. B A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 5 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 6 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 7 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. C Booking a flight-free holiday is effortless with Byway Travel. 8 (found) in 2020 by Cat Jones, a non-car owner whose family vacations annually by train and bike, Byway is the world’s first travel agent that offers 100% flight-free trips. The company excels in integrating the journey into the adventure itself, 9 (ensure) travelers discover the interesting places they would otherwise miss by flying over them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursions from the UK to Europe, with plans to expand its flight-free travel offerings 10 (global) in the future. 1．was introduced 2．activities 3．has been 4．a 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了中国湿地保护的立法措施及其对湿地鸟类保护带来的积极影响。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。根据“In 2022”可知，用一般过去时态，“a law”为单数意义并承受谓语动词introduce的动作，则此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced。 2．考查名词复数。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。activity是可数名词，前面没有表示单数意义的限定词，则它需要变复数表示“泛指”，故填activities。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自实施这些措施以来，在全国湿地越冬的鸟类数量有所增加。根据状语“Since the implementation of these measures”可知，谓语动词应该使用现在完成时，主语“an increase”为单数意义，故填has been。 4．考查冠词。句意：罕见的濒危物种黑脸琵鹭时隔5年再次出现在洞庭。此处species为可数名词单数形式，指“黑脸琵鹭”这一物种，应该用不定冠词，rare是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 5．for 6．to access 7．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人的记忆的存储的方式以及大脑是如何处理感觉信号。 5．考查介词。句意：一个人的记忆就像一个有很多房间的大厅，有些房间经常去，有些房间多年未动。此处使用介词for+一段时间表示“长达……之久”，用作时间状语。故填for。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，有时某些记忆的门会被锁住，需要一把特殊的钥匙才能进入。此处表示目的，需用不定式。故填to access。 7．考查定语从句。句意：当感觉输入刺激受体时，信号会沿着神经细胞发送到大脑，在那里进行处理和解释。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the brain，定语从句缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 8．Founded 9．ensuring 10．globally 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Byway Trave的业务和历史。 8．考查非谓语。句意：Byway是世界上第一家提供100%免机票旅行的旅行社，由Cat Jones于2020年创立，她没有汽车，每年全家都乘坐火车和自行车度假。空处为非谓语动词，Byway与found为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Founded。 9．考查非谓语。句意：该公司擅长于将旅程融入冒险本身，确保旅行者发现他们原本会错过的有趣地方。空处为非谓语动词，ensure与上句为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填ensuring。 10．考查副词。句意：目前，Byway专注于从英国到欧洲的免航班旅行，并计划在未来将其免航班旅行产品扩展到全球。副词globally作状语修饰动词。故填globally。 二．2024届北京市东城区高三下学期二模英语试题 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Have you ever heard of the Ring of Fire? It might sound like something straight out of science fiction, 1 it is a real place. The Ring of Fire is the name used by scientists to describe an area 2 frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place. In fact, most of the world’s volcanoes are located there. The Ring of Fire is an arc-shaped region that 3 (run) along the coast of North and South America, along the eastern edge of Asia, across Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, and along the coast of New Zealand. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 At the moment, AI tools provide results that are not always correct or appropriate. That’s 4 companies are looking for people to help train AI programs. These people are called prompt engineers, who 5 (pay) six-figure salaries. Anna Bernstein, a prompt engineer, writes prompts and feeds them 6 AI tools. This helps the AI generate text with accurate information. She thinks prompt engineering is now one of the hottest tech jobs and she loves her job. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 7 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 8 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 9 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 10 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. 1．but 2．where 3．runs 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“环太平洋火山带”这一地理现象，它是一个真实存在的地区，以频繁的火山爆发和地震活动为特征。该地带沿北美和南美海岸、亚洲东缘、阿拉斯加的阿留申群岛以及新西兰海岸延伸，形成了一个弧形区域。 1．考查连词。句意：这听起来可能像科幻小说中的东西，但它是一个真实的地方。空处前后句子之间存在转折关系，应使用表示转折的连词but。故填but。 2．考查定语从句。句意：环太平洋火山带是科学家用来描述频繁发生火山爆发和地震区域的名称。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an area，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：环太平洋火山带是一个呈弧形的地区，它沿着北美洲和南美洲的海岸线分布，延续至亚洲的东缘，穿过阿拉斯加的阿留申群岛，并沿着新西兰的海岸线延伸。描述客观事实，句子应用一般现在时。空前that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词region，在从句中作主语，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致，region为单数名词，故空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填runs。 4．why 5．are paid 6．into 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI工具目前无法总是提供正确或合适的结果，因此公司正在寻找人员帮助训练AI程序。 4．考查连词。句意：这就是为什么公司正在寻找人来帮助训练AI程序。根据前文“AI tools provide results that are not always correct or appropriate.”可知，前文是后文公司寻找人员进行培训的原因，故应用表示原因的连接词why。故填why。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些人被称为提示工程师，他们获得六位数的薪水。描述现在的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时，空前who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词prompt engineers，先行词在从句中作主语，空处谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致，动词pay与其逻辑主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，先行词为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are paid。 6．考查介词。句意：Anna Bernstein，一位提示工程师，编写提示并将其输入到AI工具中。feed sth. into为固定搭配，意为“将某物输入、提供给”。故填into。 7．showed 8．canned 9．supplies 10．to donate 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要说明了高中生劳伦·施罗德种植了7000磅农产品，并全部捐给了食品银行。她的工作引起了美国未来农民组织的注意，该组织给了她一些钱来购买物资和种子。她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。 7．考查时态。句意：去年，高中生劳伦·施罗德参加了一个社区食品募捐活动，她看到那里的人们有很多罐头食品。根据后文saw可知为一般过去时。故填showed。 8．考查形容词。句意：去年，高中生劳伦·施罗德参加了一个社区食品募捐活动，她看到那里的人们有很多罐头食品。修饰名词goods应用形容词canned，表示“罐头的”。故填canned。 9．考查名词的数。句意：她的工作引起了美国未来农民组织的注意，该组织给了她一些钱来购买物资和种子。根据后文and seeds可知应用复数，作介词的宾语。故填supplies。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。说明主语的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to donate。 三．2024届北京市顺义区高三下学期二模英语试题 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Davyon Johnson, an 11-year-old boy, was honored by his community after saving two lives in one day. On Dec. 9, a choking student tripped into the classroom 1 Davyon was. Davyon did the Heimlich immediately and saved him. Hours later, on his way home, Davyon spotted a house on fire. Everybody 2 (run) out except for an elderly lady. As the woman struggled 3 (move) using her walker, Davyon raced up the steps and helped her escape the burning building. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Cats are second only to dogs as the most common pets in the world. 4 (compare) with dogs, cats might seem cold, but they can form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Studies have shown that cat-owning seniors often exhibit lower levels of 5 (lonely), anxiety, and depression. 6 (own) a cat invites several costs, for food, litter, medications, toys and care. However, cats do not need regular bathing 7 they have health problems that make it necessary. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Soil 8 (find) nearly everywhere. And it seems unlikely that we would ever lose all the soil on Earth. However, 9 we may lose is the deep and rich agricultural soil because of over-farming, a lack of plant cover off-season and a collection of salt from watering and fertilization (施肥). 10 proper measures, some experts warn, there could be serious agricultural soil problems before the end of this century. 1．where 2．ran 3．to move 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了11岁的男孩Davyon Johnson通过实施海姆立克急救法、救助火场被困老人挽救两条生命的故事。 1．考查定语从句。句意：12月9日，一名窒息的学生跑进了戴维恩所在的教室。空处缺少关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the classroom，关系词替代先行词作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 2．考查动词时态。句意：除了一位老妇人，每个人都跑出去了。空处作谓语，结合前一句“Davyon spotted a house on fire”可知，房子着火了，结合“for an elderly lady”可知，除了老妇人，所有人跑了出去，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填ran。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：当这名妇女用助行器挣扎着移动时，戴维恩跑上台阶，帮助她逃离了着火的大楼。空处作struggle的宾语，用struggle to do结构。故填to move。 4．Compared 5．loneliness 6．Owning 7．unless 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了猫是仅次于狗的世界上最常见的宠物。 4．考查过去分词作状语。句意：与狗相比，猫可能看起来很冷，但它们能与主人建立起牢固的情感纽带。主语cats与compare构成被动关系，因此本空应填过去分词作状语，位于句首，应该大写。故填Compared。 5．考查名词。句意：研究表明，养猫的老年人通常表现出较低的孤独感、焦虑和抑郁水平，根据空前介词of可知本空应填名词loneliness，不可数名词作宾语，故填loneliness。 6．考查动名词。句意：拥有一只猫需要几项费用，包括食物、垃圾、药物、玩具和护理。根据空后谓语动词invites可知本空应填动名词作主语，位于句首，应该大写。故填Owning。 7．考查连词。句意：然而，猫不需要定期洗澡，除非它们有健康问题需要洗澡。根据前后句的关系，可知本句应该是条件状语从句，表示“除非”。故填unless。 8．is found 9．what 10．Without 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们所面临的农业土壤问题。 8．考查动词时态、语态。句意：土壤几乎无处不在。空处为谓语，结合句意，描述事实常理，用一般现在时，主语Soil为不可数名词，与动词find为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is found。 9．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，我们可能失去的是深厚而肥沃的农业土壤，因为过度耕作、淡季缺乏植物覆盖以及从浇水和施肥中收集的盐。分析句子可知，is前面的为主语从句，从句中缺少lose的宾语，表示“……的事物”用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。 10．考查介词。句意：一些专家警告说，如果不采取适当的措施，本世纪末之前可能会出现严重的农业土壤问题。根据proper measures可知，空处缺少介词，结合句意，空处表示“没有、缺乏”用without，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Without。 四．2024届北京市丰台区高三下学期综合练习（二）英语试题 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Before some of the greatest explorers in history were born, Vikings had already navigated (航海) their way around the world. But with no 1 (compass), satellites or radios, how did they manage 2 (map) the globe so impressively? The answer is 3 (simple) than you might expect — experience. Viking travelers studied the positions of the stars and the sun. Even the colour of the sea and movement of the waves would give them an 4 (indicate) of how close they were to land. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Port of Shanghai has been the busiest in the world for 14 years running after 5 (overtake) the Port of Singapore in 2010. The seaport, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze river, 6 (grow) to cover an area of 1.5 square miles since it was opened in 1842. From here, 500 million tonnes of goods is handled in a year. There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of 7 consists of coal, steel and machinery. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When a severe car crash occurs on a deserted road, the injured may not rely on nearby witnesses to call the emergency services. Now many modern smartphones 8 (equip) with crash-detection technology that uses data to determine when a car crash has occurred. An alarm 9 (play) by the smartphones will be sent to the services automatically. In an emergency situation the device detects 10 the crash takes place to share the location with first responders so that there’s a higher chance of survival for the crash victims. 1．compasses 2．to map 3．simpler 4．indicator##indication 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对维京人是如何在没有指南针、卫星或无线电的情况下绘制出如此令人印象深刻的全球地图的进行了介绍。 1．考查可数名词的单复数。句意：但在没有指南针、卫星或无线电的情况下，他们是如何绘制出如此令人印象深刻的全球地图的呢？compass意为“指南针”，为可数名词，根据“satellites or radios”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填compasses。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：但在没有指南针、卫星或无线电的情况下，他们是如何绘制出如此令人印象深刻的全球地图的呢？manage to do意为“成功做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。故填to map。 3．考查比较级。句意：答案比你想象的要简单——经验。形容词simple意为“简单的”，根据“than you might expect”可知，此处应用比较级。故选simpler。 4．考查名词。句意：甚至海洋的颜色和波浪的运动也能告诉他们离陆地有多近。根据“of how close they were to land”可知，此处作宾语应用名词indication或indicator表示“指示，标示”，不定冠词an表明用单数，故填indicator/indication。 5．overtaking 6．has grown 7．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。自2010年超过新加坡港以来，上海港已连续14年成为世界上最繁忙的港口。文章对此进行了介绍。 5．考查动名词。句意：自2010年超过新加坡港以来，上海港已连续14年成为世界上最繁忙的港口。动词overtake意为“超过”，在介词after后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填overtaking。 6．考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：这个海港位于长江口，自1842年开放以来，占地面积已扩大到1.5平方英里。根据“since it was opened in 1842”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语seaport为第三人称单数。故填has grown。 7．考查定语从句。句意：上海有足够的空间来接收这批庞大的货物，其中大部分是煤炭、钢铁和机械。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词of后的宾语，且先行词为shipment，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 8．are equipped 9．played 10．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在，许多现代智能手机都配备了碰撞检测技术，该技术使用数据来确定何时发生了车祸。文章对其进行了介绍。 8．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在，许多现代智能手机都配备了碰撞检测技术，该技术使用数据来确定何时发生了车祸。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词equip意为“配备”，和主语构成被动关系。故填are equipped。 9．考查过去分词。句意：智能手机播放的警报将自动发送到服务。动词play意为“播放”，和谓语之间没有连词，根据“by the smartphones”可知，和主语构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填played。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：在紧急情况下，该设备检测到撞击地点，并与急救人员共享位置，以便车祸受害者有更高的生存机会。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“to share the location”可知，此处是指检测到坠机地点，所以应用连接副词where。故填where。 五．2024届北京市昌平区高三下学期二模英语试题 A Released on Aug 30,2023,a three-episode web series 1 (title)Escape From the British Museum has become popular online for its touching and innovative story.The series follows the journey home of a Chinese jade teapot that has come to life as a girl.She runs away from the British Museum and comes across a Chinese journalist 2 helps the artifact(文物)return to China.The series aims to raise broader awareness of Chinese artifacts that 3 (keep)abroad. B In America,people use both“fall”and“autumn”to describe the 4 (three)season of the year.According to Dictionary.com,these two words were first documented within a few 5 (century).The period between summer and winter was called“harvest” 6 old English.This word has Germanic origins highlighting the act of gathering and preserving crops before winter.In the 1500s,English speakers 7 (begin)referring to the season between cold and warm months as the“fall of the leaf”which later shortened to“fall”. C Wake up early enough and probably you 8 (hear)a pleasant chorus of birds.This early singing can start as early as 4 a.m.and last for several hours.Birds do it 9 (attract)mates and warn other birds to avoid their place.One theory as to 10 they choose the early morning to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities,like searching for food.Keeping their activity level low,they choose to sing instead. 【答案】1.titled2.who/that3.are kept4.third5.centuries6.in7.began8.will hear9.to attract10.why 【分析】这是三个片段：A 这是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了三集的网络剧《逃出大英博物馆》。B 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英语中"fall"和"autumn"两个词的来历。C 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了鸟儿唱歌的原因。 【解答】1.考查过去分词。句意：《逃出大英博物馆》于2023年8月30日开播，这部三集的网络剧因其感人和创新的故事而在网上走红。title和它所修饰的词a three-episode web series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填titled。 2.考查定语从句。句意：她逃离了大英博物馆，遇到了一位中国记者，他帮助文物回到了中国。先行词为a Chinese journalist，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用who或that引导，故填who/that。 3.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该系列旨在提高人们对保存在国外的中国文物的认识。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，keep和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，that指代的先行词Chinese artifacts，为名词复数，所以be动词为are，故填are kept。 4.考查序数词。句意：在美国，人们用"fall"和"autumn"来形容一年中的第三个季节。前面有the，后面为名词单数，所以用序数词，故填third。 5.考查可数名词的复数。句意：根据Dictionary.com的说法，这两个词最早出现在几个世纪前。前面有a few，所以用名词复数，故填centuries。 6.考查介词。句意：夏季和冬季之间的时期在古英语中被称为"harvest"。表示"用语言"，用介词in，故填in。 7.考查动词时态。句意：16世纪，说英语的人开始把寒冷和温暖月份之间的季节称为"落叶"，后来缩写为"fall"。根据时间状语In the 1500s，可知用一般过去时态，故填began。 8.考查动词时态。句意：早起的话，你可能会听到鸟儿欢快的合唱。此句为"祈使句+and"，and后面的句子用一般将来时态，故填will hear。 9.考查动词不定式。句意：鸟类这样做是为了吸引配偶，并警告其他鸟类远离它们的地方。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to attract。 10.考查宾语从句。句意：关于它们为什么选择清晨来传达这些重要信息的一种理论是，低能见度使得鸟类很难进行其他活动，比如寻找食物。引导宾语从句，在从句中表示"为什么"，所以用why引导，故填why。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$