【春考特训课】第13讲 单项选择之主谓一致部分重点难点-【决胜春考】2025春季高考英语冲刺总复习（重庆专用）

第13讲：单项选择之主谓一致部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于主谓一致中的就近原则和就远原则以及there be 句型是考察重点。 知识点一　语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词的形式要根据主语的人称和数量来确定。主语是第一人称单数，谓语动词也要用第一人称单数形式；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式；主语是第二人称和复数，谓语动词也要用第二人称和复数形式。 如： I am a vocational student. 我是一名职高生。 Kerry likes singing and dancing. 凯利喜欢唱歌跳舞。 You are a superstar. 你是一位超级明星。 The engineers devote themselves to their work. 工程师们全心全意地投入他们的工作。 语法一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 单数名词或代词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、单个动名词短语及单个从句作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 这个小孩正在和他父母一起玩。(单数名词作主语) No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。(不可数名词作主语) To get up early is a good habit. 早起是个好习惯。(单个动词不定式短语作主语) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(单个动名词作主语) What he said is useful for us. 他所说的对我们有用。(单个从句作主语) 2. 复数名词或代词以及用and或both...and...连接的名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Both he and I are good at drawing. 他和我都擅长画画。 Reading books and doing sports are my hobbies. 看书和做运动是我的爱好。 3. and 连接两个及其以上的单数名词时，在每个单数名词前都加冠词或代词，表示不同的人物，谓语动词用复数形式；只在第一个单数名词前加冠词或代词，表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. 他的老师兼朋友是一个漂亮的女孩。 The poet and the writer have arrived. 诗人和作家都到了。 4. “each(every、 no、 many a)＋单数名词＋and＋each(every、 no、 many a)＋单数名词”“every(each)＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词”“each of＋名词复数”“many a＋单数名词”“more than one＋单数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我国，每个男孩和女孩都有权接受教育。 Many a student is interested in watching TV. 许多学生对看电视感兴趣。 5. 必须以复数形式出现的名词，如trousers、 pants、 shorts、 glasses、 scissors、 gloves、 shoes、 chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这些名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： My shoes are on the shoe shelf. 我的鞋在鞋架上。 There is a pair of new shoes on the shoe shelf. 鞋架上有一双新鞋。 6. 由“名词/代词＋as well as等连词＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词由连词前面的名词或代词的单复数来决定。这样的连词通常有as well as、 with、 along with、 together with、 like、 but、 except、 besides、 including、 instead of、 rather than等。 如： Nobody but Mary and Jack is here. 除了玛丽和杰克，没有人在这里。 Mrs. Black together with her two daughters often takes a walk after supper. 布莱克夫人和她的两个女儿经常晚饭后散步。 7. “数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词由of前面的量词的单复数来决定。 如： A group of students is talking and laughing. 一群学生正在说说笑笑。 The two boxes of milk are fresh. 这两盒牛奶是新鲜的。 8. “one of/a kind of＋名词复数/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： One of us has passed the driving test. 我们当中有一人通过了驾照考试。 9. “one and a half＋名词”“part of/some of/half of/most of/all of/the rest of/lots of/a lot of/plenty of等＋名词”“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词来确定。 如： The rest of the novel is fantastic. 这部小说的其余部分很迷人。 About seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. 10. the number of...(……的数目)、 the average of...(……的平均数)、 the total of...(……的总数)、 the price / weight / length / width / height / depth / population of...(……的价格/重量/长度/宽度/高度/深度/人口)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； a number of...(许多……)、 an average of...(平均……)、 a total of...(总数……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 11. 以数字(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 加、减、乘、除算式中谓语动词通常用单数。 如： Nine plus three is twelve. 9加3等于12。 Thirty divided by six leaves five. 30除以6等于5。 12. 代词either、 neither、 each、 one、 the other、 another以及由some、 any、 every、 no构成的复合不定代词everything、 everybody、 no one等，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 不定代词如果作同位语，谓语动词随主语变化。 如： Everyone in our class studies hard. 我们班每个人学习都很努力。 Neither of them has been there. 他们两个都没去过那里。 Each of them has won a prize. 他们每人都赢得了一个奖。 模拟练习1 1. Our headmaster and secretary ________ kind and strict with us. A. is B. be C. are D. were 2. Many a student ________ something about the situation of the world. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known 3. Both rice and wheat ________ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. The number of the teachers in our school ________ about 50. A number of the teachers ________ excellent. A. have; is B. has; is C. is; are D. are; is 5. Spending too much time playing computer games ________ bad for your eyes. A. were B. is C. was D. are 13. none可以指代可数名词或不可数名词，指可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式(常用)或复数形式均可；指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。all指整体概念，表示“一切”时，谓语动词用单数形式；指具体的人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： None of the students keeps/keep silent at the news. 听到这个消息没有一个学生保持沉默。 None exists on the moon. 月球上不存在什么东西。 All are here and all goes well. 大家都在这里，一切进展顺利。 14. 在“主系表”结构中，以what从句作主语，表语又是单数时，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式；如果表语是复数，那么主句的谓语动词一般用复数形式。含what的主语从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，且是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。 如： What he did is still a mystery. 他做了什么仍是一个谜。 What his father left him are a few old books. 他父亲留给他的是几本旧书。 What I say and think are none of your business. 我所说的和所想的与你无关。 15. 定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。在“one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在“the only/first one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 如： I, who am your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. 我，你的好朋友，会分享你的快乐和悲伤。 Maria is one of the girls who run fast in my class. 玛丽亚是我们班上跑得快的女孩之一。 Mike is the only one of the students who works out the problem in my class. 迈克是我们班上唯一一位算出这道题的学生。 16. 在倒装结构中，谓语动词同后面的主语保持一致。 如： On the wall hang two large picture. 墙上挂着两幅巨大的图画。 17. 主语由肯定与否定两部分组成，谓语与肯定形式保持一致。 如： Not you but I am to answer for the matter. 不是你，而是我来对这件事负责。 I, not you, am to answer for the matter. 是我，而不是你，来这件事它负责。 18. 强调句式(It is/was＋强调部分＋that/who＋...)强调主语时谓语动词看主语。 如： It is I who am helping you. 是我正在帮助你们。 知识点二　意义一致原则 有些名词或代词所表达的数量关系由词义确定。它们作主语时，谓语动词也要由词义确定使用单数形式还是复数形式。意义一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 有些名词形式上是复数，意义上却是单数，如news、 maths、 Olympics及许多以ics结尾的学科名称(economics、 physics、 mechanics、 politics等)。这些词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如： Maths is a basic subject. 数学是一门基础学科。 The Olympics is held every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 2. people(人们)、 cattle、 poultry(家禽)、 clothes等是表示复数意义的名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。equipment、 clothing、 furniture、 jewellery、 machinery 虽然表示总称，但是不可数，所以谓语用单数。 如： A lot of people like square dance in recent years. 近几年许多人喜欢跳广场舞。 My clothes are wet because of the heavy rain. 由于下大雨，我的衣服全淋湿了。 A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备取代了。 3. crowd、 family、 team、 group、 government、 class、 school、 staff、 public等集体名词作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数形式；作为一个个具体的成员或组成部分时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： My family is happy. Now my family are watching TV at home. 我的家庭很幸福，现在我的家人正在家看电视。 Our class is on the fifth floor. All the class are in the classroom now. 我们班在五楼，现在所有同学都在教室里。 4. deer、 fish、 sheep、 means(方法)、 works(工厂)、 species(种类)、 Chinese、 Japanese、 Swiss等都是单复数同形的名词。它们作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由句意确定。 如： A Chinese is talking with a foreigner in English. 一个中国人正在用英语和一位外国人讲话。 Most of the Chinese are hardworking. 大部分中国人是勤劳的 5. 专有名词、书名或表示时间、距离、价值、重量、衡量、度量等的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如： Ten kilometers is a long distance for walk. 10公里对步行而言是很长的一段距离。 Harry Potter is a wellknown novel. 《哈利·波特》是一部著名的小说。 6. “the＋形容词/分词”作主语时，如指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： The poor are having a poor life. 穷人们正过着贫穷的生活。 The wounded is taken good care of. 这位伤员受到很好的照顾。 The old is always replaced by the new. 旧事物总被新事物代替。 7. “a/an/one＋单数名词＋or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“one or two＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： One day or two is necessary for us. 一两天对我们而言是必需的。 One or two days are necessary for us. 一两天对我们而言是必需的。 模拟练习2 1. The police ________ the hiding robber. A. have caught B. has caught C. has been caught D. have been caught 2. The old ________ taken good care of in China now. A. was B. are C. is D. were 3. Maths ________ an important subject and all my class ________ it carefully and seriously. A. are; study B. is; study C. is; studies D. are; is studying 4. Look! Many sheep ________ grass on the hill while a sheep ________ on the ground comfortably. A. is eating; is lying B. are eating; are lying C. eat; lies D. are eating; is lying 5. On the ceiling of our classroom ________ eight lights. A. hang B. are hanged C. hanged D. hangs 知识点三　就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由邻近谓语动词的主语确定。就近一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 由连词or、 nor、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but also...、 not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致原则与贴近它的主语一致。 如： Either he or I am wrong. 要么他错，要么我错。 Either I or he is wrong. 要么我对，要么他对。 2. 在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则。 如： There are some pens and a book on the teacher’s desk. 老师课桌上有一些钢笔和一本书。 There is a book and some pens on the teacher’s desk. 课桌上有一本书和一些钢笔。 There is much milk and several eggs on the table. 饭桌上有许多牛奶和几个鸡蛋。 3. 以here开头的倒装结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式同后面邻近的主语保持一致。 如： Here is a letter and some books for you as a gift. 这里有一封信和一些书给你作为礼物。 课堂精练 演练 1. Either you or he ________ to invite Mr. Lan to our party this weekend. 　　　　　　 A. go B. is going to C. are going to D. are gone 2.There ________ a lot of rubbish on the floor, so I asked Mary to sweep ________up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 3. Not only I but also my brother ________ basketball in vacation. A. like playing B. like play C. likes playing D. likes play 4. Neither he nor I ________ from Canada. We are from China. A. is B. are C. am D. be 5. Here ________ a new pair of shoes and a Tshirt for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has 课后反馈 演练 1. The Moon and Sixpence________ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2. Maths ________ my favourite subject. A. are B. is C. am D. be 3. Nobody but the twins ________ to Hongkong before. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 5. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 6. My family ________ sports and reading books. A. enjoys B. enjoy C. are enjoyed D. is enjoying 7. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 8. Between my home and the school ________ a railway station. A. stand B. stands C. stood D. are standing 9. There ________ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 10. Mr. Li, together with his children, ________ the museum. They will be back this afternoon. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to 11． Having good manners ________ necessary when you are in daily life. A．are B．is C．was 12． In China, generally speaking, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 13． The number of students in this university ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative ideas. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 14． The teacher told us in class that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 15．Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot was so delicious that ________ my parents ________ I was crazy about it those days. A．both…and B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．either…or 16．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my town ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 17．—Do you know what the population of China_______? — About 1,400,000,000. A．are B．is C．be 18．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way to your dream. A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but 19．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2024. A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited 20． I am a fan of Liu Qian. _____ his magic ________ his humor attracts me much. A．Both… and B．Either…or C．Neither…nor D．Not only… but also 21．—More and more high-technology products ________ in China. —Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger than before. A．are made B．are making C．is made 22．________ Gina ________ Tara is studying Chinese medicine and culture now. They find them rich and amazing. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Either; or D．Neither; nor 23．—Traffic in this city is not so crowded as it used to be when I came here three years ago. —Yes. There ________ three subway lines in use so far. A．is B．have been C．has been D．will be 24．Jim ________ a lot about foreign eating habits since he came here. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 25．The number of cars _______ fast in our country in the past ten years. A．increased B．have increased C．has increased 26．China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama, _________ in the western media recently. A．use widely B．is widely used C．are widely used D．uses widely 27．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next week. A．is B．will have C．will be 28．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they aid people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 29．—Lucy, the Spring Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make dumplings. —OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us. A．is B．are C．am D．will be 30．Look! There ________ some information about city traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 10 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第13讲：单项选择之主谓一致部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于主谓一致中的就近原则和就远原则以及there be 句型是考察重点。 知识点一　语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指谓语动词的形式要根据主语的人称和数量来确定。主语是第一人称单数，谓语动词也要用第一人称单数形式；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式；主语是第二人称和复数，谓语动词也要用第二人称和复数形式。 如： I am a vocational student. 我是一名职高生。 Kerry likes singing and dancing. 凯利喜欢唱歌跳舞。 You are a superstar. 你是一位超级明星。 The engineers devote themselves to their work. 工程师们全心全意地投入他们的工作。 语法一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 单数名词或代词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、单个动名词短语及单个从句作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 这个小孩正在和他父母一起玩。(单数名词作主语) No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。(不可数名词作主语) To get up early is a good habit. 早起是个好习惯。(单个动词不定式短语作主语) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(单个动名词作主语) What he said is useful for us. 他所说的对我们有用。(单个从句作主语) 2. 复数名词或代词以及用and或both...and...连接的名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： Both he and I are good at drawing. 他和我都擅长画画。 Reading books and doing sports are my hobbies. 看书和做运动是我的爱好。 3. and 连接两个及其以上的单数名词时，在每个单数名词前都加冠词或代词，表示不同的人物，谓语动词用复数形式；只在第一个单数名词前加冠词或代词，表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. 他的老师兼朋友是一个漂亮的女孩。 The poet and the writer have arrived. 诗人和作家都到了。 4. “each(every、 no、 many a)＋单数名词＋and＋each(every、 no、 many a)＋单数名词”“every(each)＋单数名词＋and＋单数名词”“each of＋名词复数”“many a＋单数名词”“more than one＋单数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我国，每个男孩和女孩都有权接受教育。 Many a student is interested in watching TV. 许多学生对看电视感兴趣。 5. 必须以复数形式出现的名词，如trousers、 pants、 shorts、 glasses、 scissors、 gloves、 shoes、 chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但当这些名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： My shoes are on the shoe shelf. 我的鞋在鞋架上。 There is a pair of new shoes on the shoe shelf. 鞋架上有一双新鞋。 6. 由“名词/代词＋as well as等连词＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词由连词前面的名词或代词的单复数来决定。这样的连词通常有as well as、 with、 along with、 together with、 like、 but、 except、 besides、 including、 instead of、 rather than等。 如： Nobody but Mary and Jack is here. 除了玛丽和杰克，没有人在这里。 Mrs. Black together with her two daughters often takes a walk after supper. 布莱克夫人和她的两个女儿经常晚饭后散步。 7. “数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词由of前面的量词的单复数来决定。 如： A group of students is talking and laughing. 一群学生正在说说笑笑。 The two boxes of milk are fresh. 这两盒牛奶是新鲜的。 8. “one of/a kind of＋名词复数/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： One of us has passed the driving test. 我们当中有一人通过了驾照考试。 9. “one and a half＋名词”“part of/some of/half of/most of/all of/the rest of/lots of/a lot of/plenty of等＋名词”“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词来确定。 如： The rest of the novel is fantastic. 这部小说的其余部分很迷人。 About seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered with water. 10. the number of...(……的数目)、 the average of...(……的平均数)、 the total of...(……的总数)、 the price / weight / length / width / height / depth / population of...(……的价格/重量/长度/宽度/高度/深度/人口)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； a number of...(许多……)、 an average of...(平均……)、 a total of...(总数……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 11. 以数字(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 加、减、乘、除算式中谓语动词通常用单数。 如： Nine plus three is twelve. 9加3等于12。 Thirty divided by six leaves five. 30除以6等于5。 12. 代词either、 neither、 each、 one、 the other、 another以及由some、 any、 every、 no构成的复合不定代词everything、 everybody、 no one等，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 不定代词如果作同位语，谓语动词随主语变化。 如： Everyone in our class studies hard. 我们班每个人学习都很努力。 Neither of them has been there. 他们两个都没去过那里。 Each of them has won a prize. 他们每人都赢得了一个奖。 模拟练习1 1. Our headmaster and secretary ________ kind and strict with us. A. is B. be C. are D. were 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】and连接两个单数名词或不可数名词时，若只在第一个名词前加the或其他限定词，则表示同一个人或物。本题主语our headmaster and secretary 指同一人，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2. Many a student ________ something about the situation of the world. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 3. Both rice and wheat ________ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】both...and...连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 4. The number of the teachers in our school ________ about 50. A number of the teachers ________ excellent. A. have; is B. has; is C. is; are D. are; is 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词复数形式。 5. Spending too much time playing computer games ________ bad for your eyes. A. were B. is C. was D. are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，排除A、D两项；描述客观事实时，用一般现在时。 13. none可以指代可数名词或不可数名词，指可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式(常用)或复数形式均可；指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。all指整体概念，表示“一切”时，谓语动词用单数形式；指具体的人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： None of the students keeps/keep silent at the news. 听到这个消息没有一个学生保持沉默。 None exists on the moon. 月球上不存在什么东西。 All are here and all goes well. 大家都在这里，一切进展顺利。 14. 在“主系表”结构中，以what从句作主语，表语又是单数时，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式；如果表语是复数，那么主句的谓语动词一般用复数形式。含what的主语从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，且是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。 如： What he did is still a mystery. 他做了什么仍是一个谜。 What his father left him are a few old books. 他父亲留给他的是几本旧书。 What I say and think are none of your business. 我所说的和所想的与你无关。 15. 定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。在“one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在“the only/first one of＋名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 如： I, who am your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. 我，你的好朋友，会分享你的快乐和悲伤。 Maria is one of the girls who run fast in my class. 玛丽亚是我们班上跑得快的女孩之一。 Mike is the only one of the students who works out the problem in my class. 迈克是我们班上唯一一位算出这道题的学生。 16. 在倒装结构中，谓语动词同后面的主语保持一致。 如： On the wall hang two large picture. 墙上挂着两幅巨大的图画。 17. 主语由肯定与否定两部分组成，谓语与肯定形式保持一致。 如： Not you but I am to answer for the matter. 不是你，而是我来对这件事负责。 I, not you, am to answer for the matter. 是我，而不是你，来这件事它负责。 18. 强调句式(It is/was＋强调部分＋that/who＋...)强调主语时谓语动词看主语。 如： It is I who am helping you. 是我正在帮助你们。 知识点二　意义一致原则 有些名词或代词所表达的数量关系由词义确定。它们作主语时，谓语动词也要由词义确定使用单数形式还是复数形式。意义一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 有些名词形式上是复数，意义上却是单数，如news、 maths、 Olympics及许多以ics结尾的学科名称(economics、 physics、 mechanics、 politics等)。这些词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如： Maths is a basic subject. 数学是一门基础学科。 The Olympics is held every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。 2. people(人们)、 cattle、 poultry(家禽)、 clothes等是表示复数意义的名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。equipment、 clothing、 furniture、 jewellery、 machinery 虽然表示总称，但是不可数，所以谓语用单数。 如： A lot of people like square dance in recent years. 近几年许多人喜欢跳广场舞。 My clothes are wet because of the heavy rain. 由于下大雨，我的衣服全淋湿了。 A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备取代了。 3. crowd、 family、 team、 group、 government、 class、 school、 staff、 public等集体名词作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数形式；作为一个个具体的成员或组成部分时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： My family is happy. Now my family are watching TV at home. 我的家庭很幸福，现在我的家人正在家看电视。 Our class is on the fifth floor. All the class are in the classroom now. 我们班在五楼，现在所有同学都在教室里。 4. deer、 fish、 sheep、 means(方法)、 works(工厂)、 species(种类)、 Chinese、 Japanese、 Swiss等都是单复数同形的名词。它们作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由句意确定。 如： A Chinese is talking with a foreigner in English. 一个中国人正在用英语和一位外国人讲话。 Most of the Chinese are hardworking. 大部分中国人是勤劳的 5. 专有名词、书名或表示时间、距离、价值、重量、衡量、度量等的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如： Ten kilometers is a long distance for walk. 10公里对步行而言是很长的一段距离。 Harry Potter is a wellknown novel. 《哈利·波特》是一部著名的小说。 6. “the＋形容词/分词”作主语时，如指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： The poor are having a poor life. 穷人们正过着贫穷的生活。 The wounded is taken good care of. 这位伤员受到很好的照顾。 The old is always replaced by the new. 旧事物总被新事物代替。 7. “a/an/one＋单数名词＋or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“one or two＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如： One day or two is necessary for us. 一两天对我们而言是必需的。 One or two days are necessary for us. 一两天对我们而言是必需的。 模拟练习2 1. The police ________ the hiding robber. A. have caught B. has caught C. has been caught D. have been caught 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】police作为“警方”这个集体时，视为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以本题的谓语动词应为has caught。 2. The old ________ taken good care of in China now. A. was B. are C. is D. were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】“the＋形容词/分词”作主语时，如指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，由时间状语now可知为现在时态。 3. Maths ________ an important subject and all my class ________ it carefully and seriously. A. are; study B. is; study C. is; studies D. are; is studying 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】学科名称maths作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式is。集体名词class在此处表示同学们，作复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式study。 4. Look! Many sheep ________ grass on the hill while a sheep ________ on the ground comfortably. A. is eating; is lying B. are eating; are lying C. eat; lies D. are eating; is lying 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】sheep一词单复数同形，many sheep是复数，第一空填are eating；a sheep是单数，第二空填is lying。 5. On the ceiling of our classroom ________ eight lights. A. hang B. are hanged C. hanged D. hangs 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】在倒装结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的主语，本题中谓语动词的单复数形式应与eight lights 一致。 知识点三　就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由邻近谓语动词的主语确定。就近一致原则主要包括以下几种情形： 1. 由连词or、 nor、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but also...、 not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近一致原则与贴近它的主语一致。 如： Either he or I am wrong. 要么他错，要么我错。 Either I or he is wrong. 要么我对，要么他对。 2. 在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则。 如： There are some pens and a book on the teacher’s desk. 老师课桌上有一些钢笔和一本书。 There is a book and some pens on the teacher’s desk. 课桌上有一本书和一些钢笔。 There is much milk and several eggs on the table. 饭桌上有许多牛奶和几个鸡蛋。 3. 以here开头的倒装结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式同后面邻近的主语保持一致。 如： Here is a letter and some books for you as a gift. 这里有一封信和一些书给你作为礼物。 课堂精练 演练 1. Either you or he ________ to invite Mr. Lan to our party this weekend. 　　　　　　 A. go B. is going to C. are going to D. are gone 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】either...or...连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”。 2.There ________ a lot of rubbish on the floor, so I asked Mary to sweep ________up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】there be句型中be动词遵循“就近原则”。本题离be动词最近的是不可数名词rubbish，所以be动词用is，代词用it。 3. Not only I but also my brother ________ basketball in vacation. A. like playing B. like play C. likes playing D. likes play 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】not only...but also...连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近原则”。本题主语my brother离谓语动词最近，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式likes。like后跟动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语。 4. Neither he nor I ________ from Canada. We are from China. A. is B. are C. am D. be 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词的变化与后一主语保持一致。 5. Here ________ a new pair of shoes and a Tshirt for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】here开头的倒装结构，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近原则”。“a pair of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 课后反馈 演练 1. The Moon and Sixpence________ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】主语The Moon and Sixpence 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 2. Maths ________ my favourite subject. A. are B. is C. am D. be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】以s结尾的学科名词如politics、physics、maths等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 3. Nobody but the twins ________ to Hongkong before. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 “除了这对双胞胎，以前没人去过香港。”“名词/代词＋but等连词＋名词/代词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由连词前面的名词或代词的单复数来决定。 4. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】either是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either在数上保持一致。 5. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定。 6. My family ________ sports and reading books. A. enjoys B. enjoy C. are enjoyed D. is enjoying 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】“My family”在本句中表示“我的家人”，为复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式。 7. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】此处nothing作句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 8. Between my home and the school ________ a railway station. A. stand B. stands C. stood D. are standing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】介词短语置于句首引起倒装时，谓语动词的形式由后面主语的单复数确定。a railway station是单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 9. There ________ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】由“little change”可知be动词要用单数形式，由语境可知时态为现在完成时。 10. Mr. Li, together with his children, ________ the museum. They will be back this afternoon. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has been to D. has gone to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】“A together with B”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于A，故排除A、B两项；have been to表示“去过某地(人已经回来)”，have gone to 表示“去了某地(人未回来)”，根据句意可知答案。 11． Having good manners ________ necessary when you are in daily life. A．are B．is C．was 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：当你日常生活时，有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。 12． In China, generally speaking, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age. A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。 13． The number of students in this university ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative ideas. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这所大学有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性想法。 考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。 14． The teacher told us in class that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 【答案】is 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句，从句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 15．Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot was so delicious that ________ my parents ________ I was crazy about it those days. A．both…and B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．either…or 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：那些日子天水麻辣烫太好吃了，不仅我的父母，而且我都热衷于它。 考查并列连词辨析。both…and...……和……两者都，连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；not only…but also...不但……而且……，连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循“就近原则”；neither…nor...既不……也不……；either…or...或者……或者……。根据“Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot is so delicious”可知，父母和“我”都热衷于天水麻辣烫，由am可知，此处为“就近原则”。故选B。 16．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my town ________ used to going for a walk after supper. A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：如今，我们镇上三分之二的老人习惯于晚饭后去散步。 考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，如果分子大于一，序数词用复数形式，two thirds三分之二，所以排除B和C；当句子主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定，空格后“the old people”为复数概念，故be动词应用are。故选D。 17．—Do you know what the population of China_______? — About 1,400,000,000. A．are B．is C．be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你知道中国的人口是多少吗？ ——大约14亿。 考查谓语动词。population人口，作主语时看作单数，而该句为一般现在时，故选B。 18．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way to your dream. A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：你可以旅行或阅读，以确保你的身体或灵魂在梦想的路上。 考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不……；both...and……和……（两者）都；either... or要么……要么……；not…but…不是……而是……。根据句意可知，旅行可以让身体在路上，阅读可以让灵魂在梦想路上，要让身体还是灵魂在梦想路上，那就是两者择一的问题，此处应用either...or...。故选C。 19．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2024. A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手被邀请在2023年的春节联欢晚会上表演。 考查动词时态辨析和主谓一致。根据“at the Spring Festival Gala in 2024”可知，时态应为过去时，且主语为“The famous magician”第三人称单数，此处遵循“就远原则”，且为被邀请，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was invented。故选A。 20． I am a fan of Liu Qian. _____ his magic ________ his humor attracts me much. A．Both… and B．Either…or C．Neither…nor D．Not only… but also 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我是刘谦的粉丝。不仅是他的魔术，而且他的幽默也很吸引我。 考查主谓一致的用法。A两者都；B两者之一；C两者都不；D两者都。Both… and连接主语时，谓语用复数，而句子中用的是单数attracts；Not only… but also连接主语时，谓语遵循“就近原则”。故选D。 21．—More and more high-technology products ________ in China. —Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger than before. A．are made B．are making C．is made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——越来越多的高科技产品在中国制造。——是的。我们的国家比以前变得越来越强大。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语为products，与动词make存在逻辑上的被动关系，结合语境，句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。主语products是复数名词，be动词应用are，动词make的过去分词为made。故选A。 22．________ Gina ________ Tara is studying Chinese medicine and culture now. They find them rich and amazing. A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Either; or D．Neither; nor 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：现在Gina和Tara她们两个都在学习中药和文化。她们发现它们丰富而神奇。 考查连词。both...and...两者都；not only...but also...不但……而且……；either...or...或者……或者……；neither...nor...既不……也不……。根据“They find them rich and amazing.”可知，此处指两个人都在学习中药和文化，排除C和D选项。选用both…and时，be动词用are，选用not only…but also时，遵循就近原则，be动词用is，故选B。 23．—Traffic in this city is not so crowded as it used to be when I came here three years ago. —Yes. There ________ three subway lines in use so far. A．is B．have been C．has been D．will be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这个城市的交通不像三年前我来的时候那么拥挤了。——是的。到目前为止，已有三条地铁线路投入使用。 考查there be句型的现在完成时。由“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A和D，three subway lines作主语，助动词用have。故选B。 24．Jim ________ a lot about foreign eating habits since he came here. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：自从吉姆到这里以来，他学到了很多关于国外的饮食习惯的知识。 考查动词时态。learns学习，动词单三；learned动词过去式；will learn一般将来时态；has learned现在完成时态。根据“...since he came here.”可知，此句应用现在完成时态have/has done，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选D。 25．The number of cars _______ fast in our country in the past ten years. A．increased B．have increased C．has increased 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，我们国家的汽车数量增长得很快。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知，本句是现在完成时，排除A；The number of作主语，谓语动词用单数，此处应用has。故选C。 26．China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama, _________ in the western media recently. A．use widely B．is widely used C．are widely used D．uses widely 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：中国的热词，如土豪、大妈，最近在西方媒体上被广泛使用。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。主语China’s hot words和谓语use之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选C。 27．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next week. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：下周，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 28．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they aid people travel easily. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。 考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 29．—Lucy, the Spring Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make dumplings. —OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us. A．is B．are C．am D．will be 【答案】A 【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、if/only if引导条件状语从句、条件状语从句的主将从现 【详解】句意：——露西，春节快到了。我想学习如何包饺子。——好的。如果我奶奶明天有空，她会教我们的。 考查主谓一致及动词时态。此处是含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，应用be动词is。故选A。 30．Look! There ________ some information about city traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：看！在这本书上有一些关于城市交通规则的信息。 考查be动词。此句是There be句型，主语是information，不可数名词，be动词用单数，描述事实，用一般现在时。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 16 页 共 17 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$