【春考特训课】第07讲：单项选择之连词动词部分重点难点-【决胜春考】2025春季高考英语冲刺总复习（重庆专用)

第07讲：单项选择之连词动词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于并列连词和从属连词的考察都有所侧重，其中转折连词是考察重点。 知识点一　连词的定义 连词是一种虚词，在句子中不能独立用作句子成分，它的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。一般都不重读。 知识点二　连词的分类 连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。 1. 并列连词 用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的词，可表示多种意义，如并列、转折、选择、因果等。 2. 从属连词 用于引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)的词。 知识点三　连词的用法 1. 并列连词 (1)表示并列、选择关系的并列连词主要有and、 both...and...、 or、 otherwise、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but (also)...等。 ①and、 both...and...和or。 a. and意为“和”，用于肯定句；否定句和疑问句中通常用or b. both...and...表示“两者都”，若连接两个主语，谓语动词只能用复数形式。 如： In the party tonight, Mary will both sing and dance. 在今晚的晚会上，玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。 Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。 注 如果连接的两个主语表示的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： Bread and butter is my favourite. 面包配黄油是我的最爱 c. or意为“或，或者；还是；否则”，表示一种选择关系。or连接主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致。 如： She likes maths and English. 她喜欢数学和英语。 She doesn't like maths or English. 她不喜欢数学和英语。 但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 There is no food and no drink here. 这里没有食物和饮料。 如： You can go there by bus or on foot. 你可以坐公共汽车或步行去那里。 Are you a doctor or a teacher? 你是医生还是老师？ Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。 ＝If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. 如果你不快点，你会迟到的。 ②otherwise意为“否则，不然”。 如： We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a good seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有好座位了。 We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。 ③either...or...意为“要么……要么……，或者……或者……，不是……就是……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语，有时也可以连接两个句子。 如： You either come in or go out. Don't just stand there. 你要么进来要么出去。别站在那里。 注 either...or...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。 如： Either you or I am to go there. 你去或我去那里。 Either you or she is going to Shanghai. 要么你去上海，要么她去。 ④neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。 如： She likes neither coffee nor tea. She just likes water.她既不喜欢咖啡也不喜欢茶。只喜欢水。 The weather is pretty good today; it is neither too hot nor too cold. 今天天气很好，既不太冷也不太热。 ⑤not only...but (also)...意为“不仅……而且……”。 如： My grandpa can speak not only English but also Russian. 我爷爷不仅会说英语还会说俄语。 I can not only sing but also dance. 我不但会唱歌而且会跳舞。 Not only she but also I am good at speaking English. 不仅她擅长说英语，我也擅长。 (2)表示转折、对比关系的并列连词有but、 however、 yet、 still、 while等。 ①but与however: 两者都意为“但是，然而”。but 表示的是非常明显的对比，转折意义比however强，一般不用逗号隔开；而however通常要用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 ②yet意为“然而”。 如： He studied hard yet he failed many times. 他学习努力，可是失败很多次。 ③still意为“尽管如此，可还是要；然而；不过”。 如： Although we are very tired, still we shall work. 虽然我们很累，但我们还是要工作。 ④while 连接两个并列句子，表示对比关系，意为“然而”。 (3)表示因果关系的并列连词有for、 so等。 ①for意为“因为，由于”，补充说明理由，不用于句首。 如： John is absent from school today, for he is uncomfortable. 约翰今天没来上课，因为他不舒服了。 ②so意为“因此，所以”。 2. 从属连词 (1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词。 ①意为“当……时候”或“每当”的时间连词主要有 when、 while、 as、 whenever。 ②意为“在……之前(之后)”的时间连词主要有before、 after。 ③since、 until、 till 意为“自从”或“直到”。since 主要用于有完成时态的句子中，主句通常用现在完成时态，since引导的从句通常用过去时态。 ④as soon as 意为“一……就……”； the moment、 the minute、 immediately、 directly、 once 等，意为“立刻，马上”，也可表示“一……就……”。 (2)引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if(如果)、 unless(除非)、 in case(万一，以防)等。 (3)引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that/so that(以便，为了)。 (4)引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that(因此，所以)、 so...that...、 such...that...等。 (5)引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because、 since、 as等，其语气由强到弱。 如： He distrusted me because I was new here. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。 We all like her as she is kind and helpful. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 (6)although/though 意为“虽然”，even though/even if意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 注 ①although＝though, even though＝even if，都不能和but连用。 注 ②however、 whatever、 whoever、 whenever、 wherever＝no matter how/what/who/when/where，意为“无论怎样/什么/谁/何时/何地”。 (7)as(像，按照，如同)、 as if/as though(好像)引导方式状语从句。 (8)引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that、 whether/if(是否)等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if、 whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，意为“是否”。 模拟练习1 ( )1. Tom ate all the cakes ________ he was very hungry. A. until B. if C. or D. because ( )2. Wash your hands ________ you get home. It can protect you from disease. A. when B. unless C. though D. why ( )3. She stopped talking ________ her teacher came into the classroom. A. but B. or C. though D. when 课堂精练 演练 ( )1. Hurry up, ________ you can't catch the bus. A. or B. but C. so D. and ( )2. There is a cat ________ a dog in the park nearby. A. and B. or C. not D. but (　)3. Tom can't understand this simple passage ________ there are no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D. and (　　)4. My younger brother is ill, ________ I have to stay at home to look after him. A. so B. but C. since D. because (　　)5. There is no air ________ water on the moon. A. and B. or C. so D. but 课后反馈 演练 (　　)6.I like grapes very much，________I don't like pears at all. A. / B. or C. so D. but (　 )7.Lucy hurt ________ badly ________ she had to see a doctor in time. A. too; that B. so; that C. either; or D. too; to ( 　) 8.Because she was ill, ________she didn't go to school yesterday. A. so B. or C. / D. but (　)9. My father is playing games________ my mother is doing housework. A. so B. while C. as soon as D. but (　)10. I don't know ________ she can speak French or not. A. that B. if C. although D. whether (　　)11. They were very tired ________ they finished cleaning the whole houses last Saturday. A. before B. after C. as soon as D. when (　　)12. Take more regular exercise ________ you'll be healthier. A. and B. or C. but D. then (　　)13. ________I ________ he has been to Beijing before. We lost our way last weekend. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also (　　)14. Please call me ________you need some help. A. when B. because C. so D. since (　)15. Lily likes dancing ________ Lucy is more interested in reading. A. so B. or C. while D. for (　　)16. I'd like to go shopping with you, ________I'm too busy with the housework today. A. but B. and C. so D. or (　)17. The little boy didn't sleep ________ his mother came back last night. A. or B. and C. but D. until (　)18. What should I do ________ I want to be thinner than before? A. though B. unless C. but D. if (　　)19. ________ he is very young, ________ he can play the piano very well. A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Though; / D. /; so (　　)20. —Why didn't Lucy go to school yesterday? —________ she was uncomfortable. A. Because B. But C. If D. When （ ）21. Gina cut her finger just now, __________ she didn't cry at all A. but B. and C. or D. so ( )22 .Be quick, __________ we'll be late for the lecture. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( )23.We ran to the hill, __________ we couldn't see any more butterflies. A. but B. so C. and D. for ( )24.It was a long__________ dull talk for me to say so much. A. so B. and C. but D. or （ ）25. Charlie took the job, __________ he did it very well with his ability. A. so B. but C. and D. or 二、句型转换 26. Tom was too busy to go to see the film with me yesterday. (改为同义句) Tom was ________ busy ________ he didn't go to see the film with me yesterday. 27. Mrs. Liu didn't go to work yesterday because she was ill. (改为同义句) Mrs. Liu didn't go to work yesterday ________ ________ her illness. 28. The students like our school. The teachers like our school, too. (合并成一句) ________the students ________ the teachers like our school. ________ ________the students ________ ________the teachers like our school. 29. Not only he but also I don't like the music. (改为同义句) ________ he ________I like the music. 30. The teacher visited his parents last weekend. (对画线部分提问) ________did the teacher ________ his parents? 动词 知识梳理 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 行为动词 1. 理解、识别并能熟练运用行为动词在句子中的不同考点和功能。 2. 区别同一动词后接to do和doing的区别 2020年 6. The teacher asked me to answer the question in English. (单项选择) 2021年 —— 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 行为动词 3. 理解see、 hear、 watch、 notice等感官动词的用法， 并能熟练运用 4. 熟练掌握常见动词词组的含义 2022年 —— 2023年 6. Mr. Smith says he wants to live in the... (单项选择) 考点解读： 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 连系动词 1. 理解连系动词的分类 2. 理解并熟练掌握系动词后接形容词表示状态的用法 —— —— 助动词 理解哪些是助动词， 它们与动词的关系 —— —— 知识点一　动词的定义 表示动作或行为状态的词叫作动词，它是构成句子的核心，是英语句子中不可缺少的重要组成部分。动词有时态、语态和语气的变化。 知识点二　动词的分类 动词可以分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。另外，动词有五种基本形式：以动词do为例，原形为do，第三人称单数形式为does，过去式为did，过去分词为done，现在分词为doing。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。 知识点三　动词的用法 1. 连系动词 连系动词是用来辅助说明主语的词，本身有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须与表语构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等，表语通常为形容词。 连系动词的分类： (1)表示主语状态和特征的词：be动词。 如： He is a famous doctor. 他是一位名医。 The doctors are very busy now. 医生们现在正忙。 (2)表示主语状态变化的词： become、 grow、 turn、 fall、 get、 go、 come等。 如： When autumn comes, the leaves from the trees turn yellow. 秋天来了，树叶黄了。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气变得越来越热了。 (3)表示某种状态延续或持续的词： keep、 remain、 stay 等。 (4)感官动词： look、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste、 touch、 appear、 seem等作连系动词时，通常用形容词作表语。 This rose smells very sweet. 这朵玫瑰闻起来很香。 模拟练习2 (　　)1. The rice in the bowl ________. A. smells well B. is smelt well C. is smelt good D. smells good (　　)2. Most of the leaves ________ yellow when autumn comes along. A. keep B. look C. turn D. get ( )3. The white T-shirt ________ soft and ________ well. A. is felt; sell B. feels; sells C. is felt; sold D. feel; sells (　)4. The new piece of music ________ beautiful. A. is sounding B. listens C. is hearing D. sounds (　　)5. She ________ so sad. What's wrong with her? A. looks B. watches C. reads D. look 2. 行为动词 行为动词又称为实义动词，它有实在的意义，在句子中可独立作谓语。 (1)行为动词的分类。 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后可以直接接宾语；不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，如果要接宾语必须加上适当的介词。 如：Jack plays(及物动词) basketball(宾语) every day. 杰克每天打篮球。 My mother is looking(不及物动词) after(介词) my sick younger sister(宾语). 妈妈正在照顾我的生病的妹妹。 (2)常见行为动词的搭配。 ①后接to do作宾语的动词。 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划、安排等) ask to do sth. 要求做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 ②后接doing作宾语的动词。 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practise doing sth. 练习做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做…… spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 ③后接do的动词 (省略了to)作宾语补足语。 感官动词：see/hear/notice/find sb.＋do sth. 使役动词：let /have /make sb.＋do sth. Nancy made her little sister cry. 南希把她小妹妹弄哭了。 I often hear someone play the piano opposite the building. 我经常听见有人在对面那栋楼弹钢琴。 ④动词词组。 agree agree with sb. 同意某人　 agree to 同意(计划、安排等) agree on 就某事达成协议 break break down 破坏，粉碎；出故障 break into 闯入 break out 爆发 break the law 违反法律 break the record 打破纪录 call call at 拜访(后接地点) call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象)；号召 call back 回电话 call in 召来 call for 邀请；要求 call off 取消 come come along 一道来　 come in 进来　　 come out 出来；出版 come down 倒塌；降下来 come from 来自 come back 回来 come across 偶然遇到 come home 回家 come to an end 结束 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come up 长出，发芽 come into use 开始使用 come on 快点；加油；跟着来 come true 实现 fall fall behind 落在后面　　　 fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall in love with 爱上(某人) fall into 陷入；养成 fall into a habit of 养成……习惯 get get on/along (well) with 与某人相处(融洽)；……进展(顺利) get up 起床 get on 上车(船、飞机、马等) get off 下车(船、飞机、马等) get back 回去 get down 下来 get home 到家 get into 进入；陷入 get out (of) (从……)出去 get to 到达 get together 聚会 cut cut in 插嘴 cut down 砍倒 drop drop by/in 顺便来访 drop behind 落后，落伍 drop a line 写信给某人 go go into 走进…… go out 出去；熄灭 go ahead 继续向前走 go against 违背 go away 走开 go back 回去；回顾 go by 时间流逝；从旁经过 go down 下降，下沉 go in 进入 go through 经历 go up 上升；攀登 go without 没有……也行 go over 温习，复习 have have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a try 试一试 have a look 看一看 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a seat 坐下，就座 have a picnic 举行野餐 have a favor 帮忙 have a bath/shower 洗澡，淋浴 have a class 上课 have a meal 吃一顿饭 have a good time 玩得高兴 look look for寻找 look after 照顾 look over 查看 look forward to 渴望，向往 look at 看着 look up 抬头看；查找 look up to 尊敬 look down upon 瞧不起 look like 看起来像 look into 调查 look out 当心 look out of 往……外看 look around 环顾四周 look back 回顾，回想 make make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错误 make progress 取得进步 make a face 做鬼脸　　 make friends with 与……交朋友 make up 编造，虚构；打扮；弥补 be made up of 由……组成 put put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put out 扑灭 put down 写下；放下 put...into 把……放入 put one's heart into 全神贯注 put away 把……暂时收起来；储存……备用 pick pick up 拾起，捡起；拿起；收听；用车接送客人、货物；收拾，整理 pick out 挑选 set set out/set off 动身，出发，启程 set up 创办；树立；搭起 set sb. free 释放，放走 set sail 扬帆起航 set an example to sb./set sb. an example 为某人树立榜样 turn turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关闭(电灯等) turn down 把音量调小一点 turn up 把音量调大一点；出现 turn round/around 回头 turn to 朝向；变成；求助于 turn to sb. 转向某人 turn...into...把……变成…… turn out 结果证明是 take take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服) take away 拿走 take out 取出 take up 占据时间、空间；开始从事；拿起 take photos 照相 take time 花费(时间) take turns 轮流 take a seat 就座 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡 take care of 照顾 take care 小心，当心 take one's temperature 量体温 take part in 参与，参加 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来 take one's place/take the place of 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 think think of 考虑；关心；想起；对……有某种看法 think about 考虑；研究；思考 think over 仔细考虑 think highly of 看重，器重 try try on 试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等) try one's best to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 work work as 担任；以……身份工作 work out 做出；设计出；制作出；算出，解决 work on 从事于；致力于 work hard at 努力做…… 模拟练习3 (　　)1. Remember ________ the lights when you leave the classroom. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. turning on (　　)2. I saw a young man ________ into the small shop just now. A. went B. go C. to go D. has gone (　　)3. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too dizzy. A. opening B. open C. opens D. opened (　　)4. The bus is crowded. Be careful when you ________ the bus. A. get up B. get in C. get to D. get on 3. 助动词 助动词一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形或分词一起构成合成谓语，可帮助实义动词、连系动词构成否定、疑问、时态和语态。最常用的助动词有do、 does、 did、 have、 has、 had、will、 shall、 would、 should等。 如： Tony doesn't like playing football. 托尼不喜欢踢足球。 4. 情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能放在行为动词连系动词前，一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或建议命令等。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。从本质上说，情态动词相当于一种助动词，它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。 (1)can。 ①表示能力，与be able to 同义。 如： All of us can speak Chinese including some foreigners. 我们都会说汉语，包括外国人。 ②表示请求或允许，与may相同。 如： Can you share the room with me tonight？你今晚愿意和我同住吗？ (2)could。 ①用于句首，表示委婉的请求或允许。 如： Could you give me some water? 你能给我一些水吗？ ②could have done表示本可以做的事没有做。 如： You could have passed the exam. 你本来可以通过考试的。 ③can的过去式。 如： I could swim at the age of six. 我六岁就会游泳了。 (3)may。 ①表示许可、允许、请求。 如： May I open the window? 我可以把打开窗户吗？ 注 回答may提出的问题，肯定回答为“Yes, please/Yes, you may”，否定回答为“No, you mustn't/No, you can't”。 ②表示祝愿。 如： May you succeed in the future! 祝你未来成功！ ③表示可能性。 She may be at home right now. 她可能在家。 (4)might。 ①表示请求、允许，语气比may更委婉。 如： Might I trouble you to pass me the textbook？麻烦你把那本教材递给我好吗？ ②是may的过去式。 如： He said that they might be there then. 他说他们那时也许在那里。 (5)shall。 ①用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方的意愿或提出建议。 ②用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 如： You shall fail if you don't work hard. 如果你不努力学习，你会失败的。 (6)should。 ①表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”。 如： You should be more careful about your attitude next time. 下次你的态度应该更细心点。 ②should have done 表示本应该做的事没有做。 如： Your mother is worrying about you. You should have phoned her the other day. 你妈妈正担心你，你本应该前几天给她打电话的。 (7)will。 ①表示意志或意愿，可用于各种人称。过去时用would。 如： Will you help me now? 你现在愿意帮我吗？ He said he would help me yesterday. 他昨天说他会帮助我。 ②表示请求、建议等，用于第二人称的疑问句。 would 的语气更委婉，此时would不是will的过去式。 如： Will you answer the phone for me? 请帮我接一下电话好吗？ Would you like to hold on for a moment? 请稍等一下好吗？ ③表示注定。 如： Humans will die without air and water. 没有空气和水，人们会死亡。 (8)must。 ①表示必须、应该，指主观方面；have to指客观方面。 如： I must be leaving now. It is late. 我必须离开了。天气晚了。 I have to stay at home because of the heavy rain today. 今天由于下大雨，我必须待在家。 ②用must提问时，否定回答一般用needn't 或don't have to。 如： —Must I pay for the tickets at once? ——我必须立刻支付门票费吗？ —No, you needn't. ——不必。 ③表示推测，用于肯定句中，其否定形式为can't。 如： The light is on. He must be working at home now. 灯亮着，他现在在家一定在工作。 ④mustn't 表示禁止、不允许。 如： You mustn't play with them by the river. It's dangerous. 你不许和他们在河边玩，太危险了。 (9)need。 ①作情态动词，用于疑问句和否定句。needn't do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事”。用need提问时， 肯定回答用must。 如： You needn't worry about your young daughter. She can look after herself. 你没必要担心你女儿。她会照顾好她自己的。 ②作行为动词， need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”， 否定形式为“助动词＋not＋need to do sth.”。 如： I need to get some sleep later.我一会儿需要睡会儿觉。 (10)dare。 ①作情态动词，用于疑问句和否定句。否定形式：dare not＋do sth.。 如： He dare not stay at home alone in the evening. 他晚上不敢独自一人待在家。 ②作行为动词， dare (to) do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”，否定形式为“助动词＋not＋dare (to) do sth.”。 (11)ought to。 表示“应该”，同should。 如： You ought to get to school before 8：00 a．m. this morning. 你应该在上午8点前到达学校。 课堂精练 演练 (　　)1. That boy ________ be Mike because Mike has gone abroad for further study. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't (　)2. —Excuse me, ________ you tell me how to go to the concert? —Oh, sorry, I am new here. You ________ ask that policeman. A. could; can B. may; may C. could; must D. should; can (　)3. You ________ worry about your old friend. He is safe at home. A. needn't to B. don't need C. don't need to D. can't ( )4. The teacher asked me ________ the question in English. A. to answer B. answer C. answering D. answered ( )5.—Can you speak English? —Yes, I ________. A. can B. must C. shall D. need (　　)6. Mr. White says he wants ________ in the countryside with his family next year. A. live B. to live C. living D. lives (　　)7. My father has decided to ________ smoking. A. give up B. take out C. give in D. turn off (　　)8. The cake ________ good and ________ well. A. tastes; sells B. tastes; look C. smells; sell D. sells; tastes (　　)9. He didn't finish ________ the book until last week. A. write B. writing C. to write D. being written (　　)10. I have to________for the new book. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. use 课后反馈 演练 (　　)11. Don't keep your mother ________ for a long time in the wind. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait (　　)12. —Have you finished your homework yet? —Yes, I have. I ________ it just now. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish (　　)13. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ________ tomorrow afternoon. A. don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain D. isn't rain (　　)14. It's time for supper. Let's ________ together. A. to go B. go C. goes D. going (　 )15. He ________ be at home, because I saw him standing by the window just now. A. must B. can C. should D. will (　　)16. Jim has difficulty ________ his homework. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished (　　)17. You'd better ________ at home and________ your homework. A. to stay; do B. stay; do C. to stay; to do D. stay; to do (　 )18. Thank you for ________ me your bike. A. borrowing B. borrowed C. lending D. lent 二、句型转换 21. She can speak English fluently with the help of her friends. (改为一般疑问句) ________ she ________English fluently with the help of her friends? 22. The children had a good time in the zoo. (改为同义句) The children ________ __________ in the zoo. 23. It took him an hour to write the letter. (改为同义句) He________ an hour ________ the letter. 24. He always takes good care of his mother. (改为同义句) He always ________ ________ his mother well. 25. Li Ming will go to England in two months. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ will Li Ming go to England? 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 20 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第07讲：单项选择之连词动词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于并列连词和从属连词的考察都有所侧重，其中转折连词是考察重点。 知识点一　连词的定义 连词是一种虚词，在句子中不能独立用作句子成分，它的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。一般都不重读。 知识点二　连词的分类 连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。 1. 并列连词 用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的词，可表示多种意义，如并列、转折、选择、因果等。 2. 从属连词 用于引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)的词。 知识点三　连词的用法 1. 并列连词 (1)表示并列、选择关系的并列连词主要有and、 both...and...、 or、 otherwise、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but (also)...等。 ①and、 both...and...和or。 a. and意为“和”，用于肯定句；否定句和疑问句中通常用or b. both...and...表示“两者都”，若连接两个主语，谓语动词只能用复数形式。 如： In the party tonight, Mary will both sing and dance. 在今晚的晚会上，玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。 Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。 注 如果连接的两个主语表示的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： Bread and butter is my favourite. 面包配黄油是我的最爱 c. or意为“或，或者；还是；否则”，表示一种选择关系。or连接主语时，谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致。 如： She likes maths and English. 她喜欢数学和英语。 She doesn't like maths or English. 她不喜欢数学和英语。 但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 There is no food and no drink here. 这里没有食物和饮料。 如： You can go there by bus or on foot. 你可以坐公共汽车或步行去那里。 Are you a doctor or a teacher? 你是医生还是老师？ Hurry up, or you'll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。 ＝If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. 如果你不快点，你会迟到的。 ②otherwise意为“否则，不然”。 如： We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a good seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有好座位了。 We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。 ③either...or...意为“要么……要么……，或者……或者……，不是……就是……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语，有时也可以连接两个句子。 如： You either come in or go out. Don't just stand there. 你要么进来要么出去。别站在那里。 注 either...or...连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。 如： Either you or I am to go there. 你去或我去那里。 Either you or she is going to Shanghai. 要么你去上海，要么她去。 ④neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。 如： She likes neither coffee nor tea. She just likes water.她既不喜欢咖啡也不喜欢茶。只喜欢水。 The weather is pretty good today; it is neither too hot nor too cold. 今天天气很好，既不太冷也不太热。 ⑤not only...but (also)...意为“不仅……而且……”。 如： My grandpa can speak not only English but also Russian. 我爷爷不仅会说英语还会说俄语。 I can not only sing but also dance. 我不但会唱歌而且会跳舞。 Not only she but also I am good at speaking English. 不仅她擅长说英语，我也擅长。 (2)表示转折、对比关系的并列连词有but、 however、 yet、 still、 while等。 ①but与however: 两者都意为“但是，然而”。but 表示的是非常明显的对比，转折意义比however强，一般不用逗号隔开；而however通常要用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 ②yet意为“然而”。 如： He studied hard yet he failed many times. 他学习努力，可是失败很多次。 ③still意为“尽管如此，可还是要；然而；不过”。 如： Although we are very tired, still we shall work. 虽然我们很累，但我们还是要工作。 ④while 连接两个并列句子，表示对比关系，意为“然而”。 (3)表示因果关系的并列连词有for、 so等。 ①for意为“因为，由于”，补充说明理由，不用于句首。 如： John is absent from school today, for he is uncomfortable. 约翰今天没来上课，因为他不舒服了。 ②so意为“因此，所以”。 2. 从属连词 (1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词。 ①意为“当……时候”或“每当”的时间连词主要有 when、 while、 as、 whenever。 ②意为“在……之前(之后)”的时间连词主要有before、 after。 ③since、 until、 till 意为“自从”或“直到”。since 主要用于有完成时态的句子中，主句通常用现在完成时态，since引导的从句通常用过去时态。 ④as soon as 意为“一……就……”； the moment、 the minute、 immediately、 directly、 once 等，意为“立刻，马上”，也可表示“一……就……”。 (2)引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if(如果)、 unless(除非)、 in case(万一，以防)等。 (3)引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that/so that(以便，为了)。 (4)引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that(因此，所以)、 so...that...、 such...that...等。 (5)引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because、 since、 as等，其语气由强到弱。 如： He distrusted me because I was new here. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。 We all like her as she is kind and helpful. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 (6)although/though 意为“虽然”，even though/even if意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 注 ①although＝though, even though＝even if，都不能和but连用。 注 ②however、 whatever、 whoever、 whenever、 wherever＝no matter how/what/who/when/where，意为“无论怎样/什么/谁/何时/何地”。 (7)as(像，按照，如同)、 as if/as though(好像)引导方式状语从句。 (8)引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that、 whether/if(是否)等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if、 whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，意为“是否”。 模拟练习1 ( D )1. Tom ate all the cakes ________ he was very hungry. A. until B. if C. or D. because 【解析】　本题考查连词。句意：“汤姆吃完了所有的蛋糕， 因为他很饿。” ( A )2. Wash your hands ________ you get home. It can protect you from disease. A. when B. unless C. though D. why 【解析】　本题考查连词。第一句句意：“当你到家的时候要洗手。” when引导时间状语从句。 ( D )3. She stopped talking ________ her teacher came into the classroom. A. but B. or C. though D. when 【解析】　本题考查连词。句意：“当老师进教室的时候她停止说话了。” when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 课堂精练 演练 ( A)1. Hurry up, ________ you can't catch the bus. A. or B. but C. so D. and 【解析】句意：“快点，不然你会赶不上车的。” (A)2. There is a cat ________ a dog in the park nearby. A. and B. or C. not D. but 【解析】句意：“附近公园里有只猫和一条狗”。 (　C　)3. Tom can't understand this simple passage ________ there are no new words in it. A. if B. because C. though D. and 【解析】句意：“汤姆不能理解这篇简单的文章，虽然里面没有新的单词。” (　A　)4. My younger brother is ill, ________ I have to stay at home to look after him. A. so B. but C. since D. because 【解析】句意：“因为弟弟病了，所以我不得不待在家照顾他。” (　B　)5. There is no air ________ water on the moon. A. and B. or C. so D. but 【解析】句意：“月球上没有空气和水。”在否定句中连接两个并列成分用or。 课后反馈 演练 (　D　)6.I like grapes very much，________I don't like pears at all. A. / B. or C. so D. but 【解析】句意：“我非常喜欢葡萄，但是我根本不喜欢梨子。” (　B　)7.Lucy hurt ________ badly ________ she had to see a doctor in time. A. too; that B. so; that C. either; or D. too; to 【解析】“露西伤得如此严重，以至于她不得不及时去看医生。”“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”意为“如此……以至于……”。 (　C　) 8.Because she was ill, ________she didn't go to school yesterday. A. so B. or C. / D. but 【解析】“她因为生病了，所以没去学校。”because 和 so不能同时使用。 (　B　)9. My father is playing games________ my mother is doing housework. A. so B. while C. as soon as D. but 【解析】句意：“我父亲在打游戏，而我母亲在做家务。”while表示对比。 (　D　)10. I don't know ________ she can speak French or not. A. that B. if C. although D. whether 【解析】句中含有or not只能用whether。 (　B　)11. They were very tired ________ they finished cleaning the whole houses last Saturday. A. before B. after C. as soon as D. when 【解析】句意：“上周六他们打扫完整个房子后很累”。after意为“在……之后”。 (　A　)12. Take more regular exercise ________ you'll be healthier. A. and B. or C. but D. then 【解析】此处表示顺承关系。 (　C　)13. ________I ________ he has been to Beijing before. We lost our way last weekend. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 【解析】句意：“我和他都没有去过北京，上周末我们迷路了。”neither... nor...意为 “两者都不”。 (　A　)14. Please call me ________you need some help. A. when B. because C. so D. since 【解析】句意：当你需要帮助的时候给我打电话。 (　C　)15. Lily likes dancing ________ Lucy is more interested in reading. A. so B. or C. while D. for 【解析】句意：“莉莉喜欢跳舞，而露西则更加对看书感兴趣。”while连接两个并列句子，表示对比关系，意为“然而”。 (　A　)16. I'd like to go shopping with you, ________I'm too busy with the housework today. A. but B. and C. so D. or 【解析】句意：“我想跟你一起去购物，但我今天家务太忙了。” (　D　)17. The little boy didn't sleep ________ his mother came back last night. A. or B. and C. but D. until 【解析】句意：“那个小男孩直到他妈妈回来才睡觉。”not...until...意为“直到……才……”。 (　　D)18. What should I do ________ I want to be thinner than before? A. though B. unless C. but D. if 【解析】句意：“如果我想比以前更瘦，我应该怎么做呢？” (　C　)19. ________ he is very young, ________ he can play the piano very well. A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Though; / D. /; so 【解析】“他虽然很年轻，但他的钢琴弹得很好。”though 和 but不能连用。 (　A　)20. —Why didn't Lucy go to school yesterday? —________ she was uncomfortable. A. Because B. But C. If D. When 【解析】句意：“——昨天露西为什么没去上学？ ——因为她不舒服。”why 意为“为什么”，用because 回答。 （A）21. Gina cut her finger just now, __________ she didn't cry at all A. but B. and C. or D. so 【解析】句意：刚刚 Gina切了手指，但是她一点也没有哭。表示转折关系，故选A。 ( B )22 .Be quick, __________ we'll be late for the lecture. A. and B. or C. but D. so 【解析】句意：快点儿，否则我们讲座迟到了。祈使句中表示否则含义，故选B。 (A）23.We ran to the hill, __________ we couldn't see any more butterflies. A. but B. so C. and D. for 【解析】句意：我们跑向山，但是没有看到更多的蝴蝶。故选A。 ( B )24.It was a long__________ dull talk for me to say so much. A. so B. and C. but D. or 【解析】句意：对我来说，说那么多是一个很长并且无趣的谈话。 （ C ）25. Charlie took the job, __________ he did it very well with his ability. A. so B. but C. and D. or 【解析】句意：Charlie获得了这份工作，并且靠自己的能力做的很好。 二、句型转换 26. Tom was too busy to go to see the film with me yesterday. (改为同义句) Tom was ________ busy ________ he didn't go to see the film with me yesterday. 【解析】句意：so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”， too... to do sth.＝so...that＋句子. 27. Mrs. Liu didn't go to work yesterday because she was ill. (改为同义句) Mrs. Liu didn't go to work yesterday ________ ________ her illness. 【解析】句意：because of意为“因为”，because of＋名词＝because＋句子。 28. The students like our school. The teachers like our school, too. (合并成一句) ________the students ________ the teachers like our school. ________ ________the students ________ ________the teachers like our school. 【解析】句意：both...and... 意为“两者都”；not only... but also... 意为“不但……而且……”。 29. Not only he but also I don't like the music. (改为同义句) ________ he ________I like the music. 【解析】句意：neither...nor... 意为“两者都不”。 30. The teacher visited his parents last weekend. (对画线部分提问) ________did the teacher ________ his parents? 【解析】句意：对时间提问用when, 一般过去时的特殊疑问句加了助动词did后，行为动词要用原形。 动词 知识梳理 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 行为动词 1. 理解、识别并能熟练运用行为动词在句子中的不同考点和功能。 2. 区别同一动词后接to do和doing的区别 2020年 6. The teacher asked me to answer the question in English. (单项选择) 2021年 —— 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 行为动词 3. 理解see、 hear、 watch、 notice等感官动词的用法， 并能熟练运用 4. 熟练掌握常见动词词组的含义 2022年 —— 2023年 6. Mr. Smith says he wants to live in the... (单项选择) 考点解读： 考点 内容解读 近四年考试统计(题号、试题关键词) 考试年份 常考题型 连系动词 1. 理解连系动词的分类 2. 理解并熟练掌握系动词后接形容词表示状态的用法 —— —— 助动词 理解哪些是助动词， 它们与动词的关系 —— —— 知识点一　动词的定义 表示动作或行为状态的词叫作动词，它是构成句子的核心，是英语句子中不可缺少的重要组成部分。动词有时态、语态和语气的变化。 知识点二　动词的分类 动词可以分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。另外，动词有五种基本形式：以动词do为例，原形为do，第三人称单数形式为does，过去式为did，过去分词为done，现在分词为doing。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。 知识点三　动词的用法 1. 连系动词 连系动词是用来辅助说明主语的词，本身有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须与表语构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等，表语通常为形容词。 连系动词的分类： (1)表示主语状态和特征的词：be动词。 如： He is a famous doctor. 他是一位名医。 The doctors are very busy now. 医生们现在正忙。 (2)表示主语状态变化的词： become、 grow、 turn、 fall、 get、 go、 come等。 如： When autumn comes, the leaves from the trees turn yellow. 秋天来了，树叶黄了。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气变得越来越热了。 (3)表示某种状态延续或持续的词： keep、 remain、 stay 等。 (4)感官动词： look、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste、 touch、 appear、 seem等作连系动词时，通常用形容词作表语。 This rose smells very sweet. 这朵玫瑰闻起来很香。 模拟练习2 (　D　)1. The rice in the bowl ________. A. smells well B. is smelt well C. is smelt good D. smells good 【解析】句意: 本题考查“连系动词＋形容词”结构。 good是形容词， well是副词，连系动词通常不用于被动语态。 (　C　)2. Most of the leaves ________ yellow when autumn comes along. A. keep B. look C. turn D. get 【解析】句意:本题考查“连系动词＋形容词”结构。 (　B　)3. The white T-shirt ________ soft and ________ well. A. is felt; sell B. feels; sells C. is felt; sold D. feel; sells 【解析】句意: feel意为“摸起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词作表语；sell是实义动词，well是副词，用副词修饰实义动词。 (　D　)4. The new piece of music ________ beautiful. A. is sounding B. listens C. is hearing D. sounds 【解析】句意: “听起来很优美”可用sound beautiful表示。 (　A　)5. She ________ so sad. What's wrong with her? A. looks B. watches C. reads D. look 【解析】句意: look作为连系动词表示“看起来”，主语是第三人称单数，所以用looks。 watch用于“观看比赛、戏剧等”，read用于“看书看报”。 2. 行为动词 行为动词又称为实义动词，它有实在的意义，在句子中可独立作谓语。 (1)行为动词的分类。 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后可以直接接宾语；不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，如果要接宾语必须加上适当的介词。 如：Jack plays(及物动词) basketball(宾语) every day. 杰克每天打篮球。 My mother is looking(不及物动词) after(介词) my sick younger sister(宾语). 妈妈正在照顾我的生病的妹妹。 (2)常见行为动词的搭配。 ①后接to do作宾语的动词。 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划、安排等) ask to do sth. 要求做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 ②后接doing作宾语的动词。 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practise doing sth. 练习做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……胜过做…… spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 ③后接do的动词 (省略了to)作宾语补足语。 感官动词：see/hear/notice/find sb.＋do sth. 使役动词：let /have /make sb.＋do sth. Nancy made her little sister cry. 南希把她小妹妹弄哭了。 I often hear someone play the piano opposite the building. 我经常听见有人在对面那栋楼弹钢琴。 ④动词词组。 agree agree with sb. 同意某人　 agree to 同意(计划、安排等) agree on 就某事达成协议 break break down 破坏，粉碎；出故障 break into 闯入 break out 爆发 break the law 违反法律 break the record 打破纪录 call call at 拜访(后接地点) call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象)；号召 call back 回电话 call in 召来 call for 邀请；要求 call off 取消 come come along 一道来　 come in 进来　　 come out 出来；出版 come down 倒塌；降下来 come from 来自 come back 回来 come across 偶然遇到 come home 回家 come to an end 结束 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come up 长出，发芽 come into use 开始使用 come on 快点；加油；跟着来 come true 实现 fall fall behind 落在后面　　　 fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/沉默 fall in love with 爱上(某人) fall into 陷入；养成 fall into a habit of 养成……习惯 get get on/along (well) with 与某人相处(融洽)；……进展(顺利) get up 起床 get on 上车(船、飞机、马等) get off 下车(船、飞机、马等) get back 回去 get down 下来 get home 到家 get into 进入；陷入 get out (of) (从……)出去 get to 到达 get together 聚会 cut cut in 插嘴 cut down 砍倒 drop drop by/in 顺便来访 drop behind 落后，落伍 drop a line 写信给某人 go go into 走进…… go out 出去；熄灭 go ahead 继续向前走 go against 违背 go away 走开 go back 回去；回顾 go by 时间流逝；从旁经过 go down 下降，下沉 go in 进入 go through 经历 go up 上升；攀登 go without 没有……也行 go over 温习，复习 have have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a try 试一试 have a look 看一看 have a cough (患)咳嗽 have a seat 坐下，就座 have a picnic 举行野餐 have a favor 帮忙 have a bath/shower 洗澡，淋浴 have a class 上课 have a meal 吃一顿饭 have a good time 玩得高兴 look look for寻找 look after 照顾 look over 查看 look forward to 渴望，向往 look at 看着 look up 抬头看；查找 look up to 尊敬 look down upon 瞧不起 look like 看起来像 look into 调查 look out 当心 look out of 往……外看 look around 环顾四周 look back 回顾，回想 make make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错误 make progress 取得进步 make a face 做鬼脸　　 make friends with 与……交朋友 make up 编造，虚构；打扮；弥补 be made up of 由……组成 put put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put out 扑灭 put down 写下；放下 put...into 把……放入 put one's heart into 全神贯注 put away 把……暂时收起来；储存……备用 pick pick up 拾起，捡起；拿起；收听；用车接送客人、货物；收拾，整理 pick out 挑选 set set out/set off 动身，出发，启程 set up 创办；树立；搭起 set sb. free 释放，放走 set sail 扬帆起航 set an example to sb./set sb. an example 为某人树立榜样 turn turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关闭(电灯等) turn down 把音量调小一点 turn up 把音量调大一点；出现 turn round/around 回头 turn to 朝向；变成；求助于 turn to sb. 转向某人 turn...into...把……变成…… turn out 结果证明是 take take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服) take away 拿走 take out 取出 take up 占据时间、空间；开始从事；拿起 take photos 照相 take time 花费(时间) take turns 轮流 take a seat 就座 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡 take care of 照顾 take care 小心，当心 take one's temperature 量体温 take part in 参与，参加 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来 take one's place/take the place of 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 think think of 考虑；关心；想起；对……有某种看法 think about 考虑；研究；思考 think over 仔细考虑 think highly of 看重，器重 try try on 试穿(衣服、鞋等)；试戴(帽子等) try one's best to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 work work as 担任；以……身份工作 work out 做出；设计出；制作出；算出，解决 work on 从事于；致力于 work hard at 努力做…… 模拟练习3 (　A　)1. Remember ________ the lights when you leave the classroom. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. turning on 【解析】句意: remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事. (　B　)2. I saw a young man ________ into the small shop just now. A. went B. go C. to go D. has gone 【解析】句意: see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人已经做过某事”，强调动作已经完成 (　A　)3. Would you mind ________ the window? It's too dizzy. A. opening B. open C. opens D. opened 【解析】句意: mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”。 (　D　)4. The bus is crowded. Be careful when you ________ the bus. A. get up B. get in C. get to D. get on 【解析】句意: on the bus意为“上公共汽车”。 3. 助动词 助动词一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形或分词一起构成合成谓语，可帮助实义动词、连系动词构成否定、疑问、时态和语态。最常用的助动词有do、 does、 did、 have、 has、 had、will、 shall、 would、 should等。 如： Tony doesn't like playing football. 托尼不喜欢踢足球。 4. 情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能放在行为动词连系动词前，一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或建议命令等。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。从本质上说，情态动词相当于一种助动词，它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。 (1)can。 ①表示能力，与be able to 同义。 如： All of us can speak Chinese including some foreigners. 我们都会说汉语，包括外国人。 ②表示请求或允许，与may相同。 如： Can you share the room with me tonight？你今晚愿意和我同住吗？ (2)could。 ①用于句首，表示委婉的请求或允许。 如： Could you give me some water? 你能给我一些水吗？ ②could have done表示本可以做的事没有做。 如： You could have passed the exam. 你本来可以通过考试的。 ③can的过去式。 如： I could swim at the age of six. 我六岁就会游泳了。 (3)may。 ①表示许可、允许、请求。 如： May I open the window? 我可以把打开窗户吗？ 注 回答may提出的问题，肯定回答为“Yes, please/Yes, you may”，否定回答为“No, you mustn't/No, you can't”。 ②表示祝愿。 如： May you succeed in the future! 祝你未来成功！ ③表示可能性。 She may be at home right now. 她可能在家。 (4)might。 ①表示请求、允许，语气比may更委婉。 如： Might I trouble you to pass me the textbook？麻烦你把那本教材递给我好吗？ ②是may的过去式。 如： He said that they might be there then. 他说他们那时也许在那里。 (5)shall。 ①用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方的意愿或提出建议。 ②用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 如： You shall fail if you don't work hard. 如果你不努力学习，你会失败的。 (6)should。 ①表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”。 如： You should be more careful about your attitude next time. 下次你的态度应该更细心点。 ②should have done 表示本应该做的事没有做。 如： Your mother is worrying about you. You should have phoned her the other day. 你妈妈正担心你，你本应该前几天给她打电话的。 (7)will。 ①表示意志或意愿，可用于各种人称。过去时用would。 如： Will you help me now? 你现在愿意帮我吗？ He said he would help me yesterday. 他昨天说他会帮助我。 ②表示请求、建议等，用于第二人称的疑问句。 would 的语气更委婉，此时would不是will的过去式。 如： Will you answer the phone for me? 请帮我接一下电话好吗？ Would you like to hold on for a moment? 请稍等一下好吗？ ③表示注定。 如： Humans will die without air and water. 没有空气和水，人们会死亡。 (8)must。 ①表示必须、应该，指主观方面；have to指客观方面。 如： I must be leaving now. It is late. 我必须离开了。天气晚了。 I have to stay at home because of the heavy rain today. 今天由于下大雨，我必须待在家。 ②用must提问时，否定回答一般用needn't 或don't have to。 如： —Must I pay for the tickets at once? ——我必须立刻支付门票费吗？ —No, you needn't. ——不必。 ③表示推测，用于肯定句中，其否定形式为can't。 如： The light is on. He must be working at home now. 灯亮着，他现在在家一定在工作。 ④mustn't 表示禁止、不允许。 如： You mustn't play with them by the river. It's dangerous. 你不许和他们在河边玩，太危险了。 (9)need。 ①作情态动词，用于疑问句和否定句。needn't do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事”。用need提问时， 肯定回答用must。 如： You needn't worry about your young daughter. She can look after herself. 你没必要担心你女儿。她会照顾好她自己的。 ②作行为动词， need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”， 否定形式为“助动词＋not＋need to do sth.”。 如： I need to get some sleep later.我一会儿需要睡会儿觉。 (10)dare。 ①作情态动词，用于疑问句和否定句。否定形式：dare not＋do sth.。 如： He dare not stay at home alone in the evening. 他晚上不敢独自一人待在家。 ②作行为动词， dare (to) do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”，否定形式为“助动词＋not＋dare (to) do sth.”。 (11)ought to。 表示“应该”，同should。 如： You ought to get to school before 8：00 a．m. this morning. 你应该在上午8点前到达学校。 课堂精练 演练 (　A　)1. That boy ________ be Mike because Mike has gone abroad for further study. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. wouldn't 【解析】句意:can't意为“不可能”，表示否定推测。 (　A　)2. —Excuse me, ________ you tell me how to go to the concert? —Oh, sorry, I am new here. You ________ ask that policeman. A. could; can B. may; may C. could; must D. should; can 【解析】句意: 问句表示委婉的请求，用could。答语句意：“哦，抱歉，我刚到这里，你可以去问那个警察。” (　C　)3. You ________ worry about your old friend. He is safe at home. A. needn't to B. don't need C. don't need to D. can't 【解析】句意: need作实义动词时，后面可接动词不定式作宾语；need作情态动词时，后接动词原形。 (A)4. The teacher asked me ________ the question in English. A. to answer B. answer C. answering D. answered 【解析】　本题考查固定搭配。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。 ( A )5.—Can you speak English? —Yes, I ________. A. can B. must C. shall D. need 【解析】　本题考查情态动词。句意：“——你会说英语吗？ ——是的，我会。” (　B　)6. Mr. White says he wants ________ in the countryside with his family next year. A. live B. to live C. living D. lives 【解析】　本题考查固定搭配。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。 (　A　)7. My father has decided to ________ smoking. A. give up B. take out C. give in D. turn off 【解析】　give up意为“放弃” (　A　)8. The cake ________ good and ________ well. A. tastes; sells B. tastes; look C. smells; sell D. sells; tastes 【解析】　句意：“这蛋糕尝起来好吃，也很畅销。”taste是连系动词，后面跟形容词作表语。sell是及物动词，用副词Well修饰。 (　B　)9. He didn't finish ________ the book until last week. A. write B. writing C. to write D. being written 【解析】　句意: finish doing sth.意为“完成某事”。 (　B　)10. I have to________for the new book. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. use 【解析】　句意: pay for意为“为……付款”。 课后反馈 演练 (　C　)11. Don't keep your mother ________ for a long time in the wind. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait 【解析】　句意：“别让你妈妈在风中等太久。”keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。 (　C　)12. —Have you finished your homework yet? —Yes, I have. I ________ it just now. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 【解析】　句意：我刚刚完成的，根据时间状语just now可知用过去时，故选C。 (　B　)13. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ________ tomorrow afternoon. A. don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain D. isn't rain 【解析】　条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。: (　B　)14. It's time for supper. Let's ________ together. A. to go B. go C. goes D. going 【解析】　let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。句意：“该吃晚饭了， 我们一起去吧。” (　A　)15. He ________ be at home, because I saw him standing by the window just now. A. must B. can C. should D. will 【解析】表肯定推测用must。句意：“他一定在家，刚才我看见他站在窗边。” (　B　)16. Jim has difficulty ________ his homework. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 【解析】have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，in 可以省略。 (　B　)17. You'd better ________ at home and________ your homework. A. to stay; do B. stay; do C. to stay; to do D. stay; to do 【解析】had better后面用动词原形。 (　C　)18. Thank you for ________ me your bike. A. borrowing B. borrowed C. lending D. lent 【解析】borrow...from...表示“借进来”，lend...to...表示“借出”，介词后动词用ing形式。 二、句型转换 21. She can speak English fluently with the help of her friends. (改为一般疑问句) ________ she ________English fluently with the help of her friends? 【解析】can 是情态动词，含有情态动词的陈述句变一般疑问句时应把情态动词提到句首， 后跟动词原形。故答案为Can speak. 22. The children had a good time in the zoo. (改为同义句) The children ________ __________ in the zoo. 【解析】enjoy oneself 和have a good time 同义，都表示“玩得很高兴，过得很愉快”。故答案为enjoyed themselves. 23. It took him an hour to write the letter. (改为同义句) He________ an hour ________ the letter. 【解析】It took sb. some time to do sth.和 sb. spent some time doing sth. 同义句，故答案为spent writing 24. He always takes good care of his mother. (改为同义句) He always ________ ________ his mother well. 【解析】look after和take care of 同义， 都表示“照顾”。 故答案为looks after. 25. Li Ming will go to England in two months. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ will Li Ming go to England? 【解析】对“in＋时间段”提问用how soon，通常用于一般将来时。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 5 页 共 23 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$