第10讲 定语从句（练习）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

第10讲 定语从句（练习） （模拟精练+真题演练） 1、 单项选择 1．—Have you ever heard the popular chant (儿歌), We Dig Dig a Hole (挖呀挖) . —Yes, it has the funniest words________ I can sing along with. A．that B．who C．what D．which 2．—Do you like watching TV, Lucy? —Yes, very much. And Moving China is the best TV program ________ I’ve ever watched. A．that B．which C．what D．who 3．I will remember all the stories ________ my grandma told me. A．that B．who C．what 4．Paris, the capital of France, is the city ________ will hold the 33rd Summer Olympic Games. A．who B．which C．whose D．whom 5．Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 6．The students are reading stories ________ are full of positive energy these days. A．which B．what C．who D．/ 7．Friendship is the most valuable treasure in life. A true friend is someone ________ knows all about you and still stays around you. A．which B．that C．who 8．Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 9．—Have you seen the film All the Long Nights? —Sure. It is about two people with health problems ________ feel better when they are together. A．what B．which C．who 10．A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 11．—Do you know the pretty girl with ________ your neighbor is talking? —Of course. She is a classmate of ________. A．which; me B．who; my C．whom; mine 12．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years. A．who B．whom C．whose 13．The man ________ is talking with my sister is her Chinese teacher. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 14．We must call the woman _________ bag is left in the dining hall. A．who B．which C．whose 15．—Nearly everyone likes to live in the house ________ windows face south. —You are right. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 16．—What kind of books do you like? —I like books ________ topics are about history. A．whose B．what C．that 17．Do you know the way to the company ________ your father works? A．that B．which C．in which D．in what 18．I don’t know the hero ________ they are talking about, but I do know the city ________ he saved a lot of people. A．who; which B．which; where C．who; in which 19．October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 20．Sunday is a day ________ some people can go to the church with their families together in America. A．that B．who C．when 21．—Have you heard of the place ________ he visited last summer? —Yes, it is the very place ________ the great writer, Lu Xun was born. A．where; where B．where; that C．/; where D．that; that 22．This is the school ________ I studied ten years ago. A．which B．where C．that 23．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 24．It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty(主权)over Taiwan Island away from China, ________ has been part of China since ancient times . A．where B．that C．which 25．The film Hi, Mom(你好，李焕英), ________ amazed lots of moviegoers(电影观众), has jumped to the top of the Chinese box office during the Spring Festival. A．who B． C．which 二、完成句子 1．照片展示的是一个正在读书的18岁的女孩。 The photo shows an 18-year-old girl reading. 2．世上无难事，只要肯攀登。 Nothing is difficult to the man try. 3．我们应该使用一些对环境友好的产品。 We should use some products friendly to the environment. 4．汤姆是一个有创造力的男孩子，发明了许多实用的发明。 Tom is a creative boy many practical inventions. 5．那首用二胡演奏的乐曲尤其使我感动。 The piece of music played on the erhu especially moved me. 1、 语法选择 （一） （24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）I used to be a shy girl. But this term, I decided to do a brave thing. When our teacher asked 1 would like to be the physics monitor (科代表), I put up my hand and got the role. But it was not as easy as I thought. In 2 beginning, when I checked the homework list, I found that many students 3 in their homework. I was a little worried. I felt the job for me at that time was to push these students. And I spoke 4 loudly that my face turned red. It made my classmates angry, too. One girl asked, “Why are you shouting at me? You’re making it seem like my fault.” Then I suddenly realized it was actually 5 fault. I should talk to my classmates 6 a kind way and not get so angry. After this, I changed the way of speaking. “Excuse me. Could you please hand in your homework?” I said. To my 7 , many students understood me much 8 and finished their homework quickly. I found the best way to communicate 9 it helped me solve problems. Now, I am getting along well with all my classmates. I also realized that a good monitor should be responsible and patient. I really cherish (珍惜) this 10 . It makes me grow up like a young tree day by day. 1．A．what B．how C．who 2．A．the B．a C．an 3．A．hand B．don’t hand C．didn’t hand 4．A．such B．so C．very 5．A．her B．my C．their 6．A．in B．on C．by 7．A．surprises B．surprise C．surprised 8．A．better B．good C．worse 9．A．even if B．although C．and 10．A．thing B．experience C．activity （二） （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many people consider Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) a great political leader. This story about him shows that he was 1 one of the most famous wise men in history. Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (酒馆). The next morning, he went to thank 2 innkeeper. “You have served me well, innkeeper,” said Napoleon. “I wish to pay back. Tell me 3 you want.” “Sir, we want nothing,” said the innkeeper. “ 4 will you tell us something?” “What is it?” Napoleon asked. “We have heard a story,” said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, the Russians took control of a small village. You happened 5 in the village. You hid yourself in a pile of hay when they looked for you. Will you tell us 6 while they were looking for you?” Napoleon looked very 7 . He called in two of   8 soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard. At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife 9 to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing. “Please, sir,” begged the innkeeper, “Don’t kill us! We meant 10 !” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them 11 their guns. Then Napoleon called, “Ready! Aim!” The wife was 12 scared with the gun that she screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer 13 the question you asked me just now, don’t you?” Actually, Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple 14 let him live their home because he wanted to show that a general (将军) had the same feelings as an ordinary man in the face of 15 . 1．A．too B．either C．also D．as well 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．how B．why C．when D．what 4．A．And B．But C．So D．For 5．A．being B．was C．were D．to be 6．A．how you felt B．you felt how C．how did you feel D．how to feel 7．A．anger B．angrier C．angry D．angrily 8．A．him B．his C．himself D．he 9．A．was led B．were led C．led D．lead 10．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 11．A．raised B．to raise C．will raise D．raising 12．A．very B．quite C．such D．so 13．A．of B．for C．to D．on 14．A．who B．which C．when D．what 15．A．danger B．dangerous C．dangerously D．endanger 二、短文填空 （一） （2024·山西朔州·模拟预测）词语运用 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 Our time is truly valuable, and we should be careful with it. I read that when smokers stop smoking, their lungs (肺) start to become healthier than before. Is the same true for our brains? One day, I decided to kick my addiction (上瘾) to phone. I wanted to make up for the time 1 was wasted on my phone. I couldn’t completely stop 2 my phone because it was part of my daily life. At the same time, I used it for texting, calling and checking the news sometimes. 3 I cut down on screen time, things have been interesting. A few days later, I read two books. I also added 20 minutes to read 4 before going to bed, and I had more ideas for writing projects last week than I did all last year. But more importantly, I communicated more actively with strangers. We have spent too much time and attention 5 phones. They are like crutches (腋杖), but when we put them down, amazing things will happen. （二） （2024·福建厦门·二模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Jin Ying, 25, is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). She took part in a three-month training course on acupuncture and tuina (针灸推拿) 1 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Jin’s life has been different since the training. She 2 (change) her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory (五行学说). For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter 3 the cold of winter means people should slow down, according to TCM. For 4 (she), learning these skills and theories was not about becoming a TCM doctor but rather about choosing a new lifestyle. She is not an 5 (usual) example of young people becoming interested in TCM. A survey by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3 percent of the 1,000 young people 6 took part had tried different TCM treatments. “I have seen 7 (many) young people come to me for neck and back pains than before,” said Ma Huifang, a TCM doctor at Guoyitang. Between Western medicine and TCM, young people now prefer TCM for its efficacy (疗效). But some people question why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptions. “This is actually 8 advantage of TCM, rather than a shortcoming, as it can be a accurate (精准的) treatment for different 9 (patient),” Ma explained. Younger age groups are choosing TCM, and at the same time, TCM is also helping young people. As Jin noted, “It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and learn why it is 10 (believe) to be a treasure of our Chinese culture.” 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 2．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 3．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity. —I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.　　 A．whom B．what C．who D．which 4．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer? — The ones ________ have a happy ending. A．that B．who C．those D．whom 5．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now? —Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week. A．that B．who C．what D．who 6．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever. A．which B．who C．what 7．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like, Linda? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．when B．that C．what 8．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching? — A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply. A．who B．whom C．whose 9．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. A．whom B．/ C．which D．who 10．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies _________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives 11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard. A．which B．that C．who 12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree? A．who B．which C．where 13．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now? —Of course. She is Wang Yaping. A．which B．whom C．who 14．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting. A．which B．who C．what 15．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon. A．which B．that C．who 16．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One. A．which B．who C．whose 17．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher? —Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much. A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our 18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 19．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best? — I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which 20．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin? —Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it. A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched 二、语法选择 （2022·湖南张家界·中考真题）通读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项填空，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 Once upon a time, there was 1 old man named Yu Gong. There were two 2 near his house. They were so high and big 3 it took a long time to walk to the other side. Yu Gong told his family that they should all help him to 4 the mountains. They started digging the next day. A man told Yu Gong he could never do it. 5 Yu Gong said that his family could 6 to move the mountains 7 he died. So they kept on digging day after day and year after year. 8 , a god was moved and he sent another two gods to take the mountains away. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．a mountain B．mountain C．mountains 3．A．that B．what C．which 4．A．moving B．move C．moves 5．A．And B．Or C．But 6．A．to continue B．continues C．continue 7．A．after B．before C．behind 8．A．First B．At last C．Also 三、短文填空 （2024·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内所给的提示词，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Showing Respect for Seniors In China, there is a special day for elderly people— the Double Ninth Festival. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. As the Chinese word for nine has 1 same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their 2 (wish) of long life for elderly people. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for good luck and in the hope that elderly people will be much 3 (happy) and live longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant 4 is called zhuyu. Chrysanthemum wine has great medical values and it’s popular 5 many people. Zhuyu is 6 (regard) as a kind of clean plant that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day 7 also in daily life. For example, when an elderly person enters a room, everyone stands up and greets him or her 8 (polite). When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces 9 (they) from the oldest to the youngest. Respecting elderly people is a traditional virtue (美德) in China, and Chinese people are 10 (pride) of it. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 四、完成句子 1．（2023·贵州·中考真题）中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。 Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist an effective drug against malaria. 2．（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）孔子是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言对不同国家的许多人产生了影响。 Confucius was a famous philosopher wise sayings have many people in different countries. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第10讲 定语从句（练习） （模拟精练+真题演练） 1、 单项选择 1．—Have you ever heard the popular chant (儿歌), We Dig Dig a Hole (挖呀挖) . —Yes, it has the funniest words________ I can sing along with. A．that B．who C．what D．which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你听过流行的儿歌《挖呀挖呀挖》吗？——是的，它有着最有趣的歌词，我能跟着这首歌一起唱。考查定语从句的连接词。本句是定语从句，且主语是物，可排除B选项；what不作定语从句连接词；先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，连接词只能用that，而不能用which。故选A。 2．—Do you like watching TV, Lucy? —Yes, very much. And Moving China is the best TV program ________ I’ve ever watched. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢看电视吗，Lucy？——是的，非常喜欢。《感动中国》是我看过的最好的电视节目。考查定语从句。根据“I’ve ever watched”可知此处缺少宾语，指代the best program，又先行词有最高级修饰，关系代词只能使用that。故选A。 3．I will remember all the stories ________ my grandma told me. A．that B．who C．what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我会记住奶奶给我讲的所有故事。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，stories是先行词，指物，应用that引导，故选A。 4．Paris, the capital of France, is the city ________ will hold the 33rd Summer Olympic Games. A．who B．which C．whose D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】句意：法国首都巴黎将举办第33届夏季奥林匹克运动会。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是the city，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选B。 5．Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：聂耳创作了许多乐曲，激励着中国人民为美好的未来而奋斗。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是music，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选A。 6．The students are reading stories ________ are full of positive energy these days. A．which B．what C．who D．/ 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这些天，学生们正在阅读充满正能量的故事。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词“stories”，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选A。 7．Friendship is the most valuable treasure in life. A true friend is someone ________ knows all about you and still stays around you. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：友谊是人生最宝贵的财富。一个真正的朋友是一个了解你的一切，仍然在你身边的人。考查关系词。which哪一个；that引导定语从句，无实义；who谁。先行词是不定代词“someone”，指人，关系词应用who。故选C。 8．Tan Kah kee is a pioneer of Chinese overseas ________ founded schools in Singapore and China. A．which B．who C．those 【答案】B 【解析】句意：陈嘉庚是海外华侨的一个先驱，他在新加坡和中国创办了学校。考查定语从句。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；those那些，代词，不引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词是指人的“Tan Kah kee”。故选B。 9．—Have you seen the film All the Long Nights? —Sure. It is about two people with health problems ________ feel better when they are together. A．what B．which C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你看过电影《漫漫长夜》吗？——当然。它是关于两个有健康问题的人在一起时感觉更好。考查定语从句。句子先行词是“people”，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选C。 10．A true friend is someone ________ accepts your past, supports your present and encourages your future. A．whose B．which C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：真正的朋友是接受你的过去，支持你的现在，鼓励你的未来的人。考查定语从句关系词辨析。whose先行词为人，在从句中作定语；which先行词为事物，在从句中作主语/宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语。根据“someone... accepts your past,...”可知，先行词为someone，指人，且在从句中作主语，空处需填关系代词who引导定语从句。故选C。 11．—Do you know the pretty girl with ________ your neighbor is talking? —Of course. She is a classmate of ________. A．which; me B．who; my C．whom; mine 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 你认识和你邻居谈话的那个漂亮女孩吗？—— 当然。她是我的同学。考查定语从句的关系代词和物主代词。which先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语； me我，宾格；who 先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；my我的，形容词性的物主代词，后面要跟名词；whom先行词是人，在定语从句中作宾语；mine 我的，名词性物主代词。第一句是定语从句，先行词girl是人，且关系代词放在介词with后，作宾语，只能用whom引导定语从句。第二句中表达“我的一位同学”，应为“a classmate of mine 或 one of my classmates”。故选C。 12．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years. A．who B．whom C．whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸出手，并触动你心灵。我永远不会忘记与我共度四年时光的所有老师和朋友。考查定语从句。根据句子结构，该句为定语从句，先行词为“teachers and friends”，指人，且空格前为介词“with”，故空格处应填who的宾格whom。故选B。 13．The man ________ is talking with my sister is her Chinese teacher. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】A 【解析】句意：与我姐姐交谈的那个人是她的语文老师。主要考查定语从句。本句话先行词是 the man，先行词在定语从句中作主语，以人为主语选择关系代词 who/that；whom 在以人作宾语时使用；which 在以物作主语或者宾语时使用；what不能引导定语从句。故选A。 14．We must call the woman _________ bag is left in the dining hall. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们必须打电话给把包丢在食堂的那位女士。考查定语从句。who的先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which的先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose的先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“the woman....bag”可知此处是作定语，相当于“女士的包”，应用whose，故选C。 15．—Nearly everyone likes to live in the house ________ windows face south. —You are right. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——几乎每个人都喜欢住在窗户朝南的房子里。——你是对的。考查定语从句引导词。句子是定语从句，先行词是house，关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选B。 16．—What kind of books do you like? —I like books ________ topics are about history. A．whose B．what C．that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么样的书？——我喜欢历史题材的书。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词books指物，且空处需要修饰名词topics，应填whose，故选A。 17．Do you know the way to the company ________ your father works? A．that B．which C．in which D．in what 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你知道去你爸爸工作的公司的路吗?本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词company“公司”是地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词使用where或者in which。故选C。 18．I don’t know the hero ________ they are talking about, but I do know the city ________ he saved a lot of people. A．who; which B．which; where C．who; in which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不知道他们谈论的英雄是谁，但我知道他救了很多人的那个城市。考查定语从句。先行词hero是指人，在从句作宾语，应用关系词that或who，排除B选项。第二空先行词the city在从句中作地点状语，用介词in+which作关系词，故选C。 19．October1, 1949 is the day ______ the PRC was founded. A．which B．when C．on that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。考查定语从句。which先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语；when先行词表时间，在从句中作时间状语；on that先行词表物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析题干可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词day是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 20．Sunday is a day ________ some people can go to the church with their families together in America. A．that B．who C．when 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在美国，星期天是一些人可以和家人一起去教堂的日子。考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，修饰事物或人，作主语，宾语或表语；who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语，宾语或表语；when引导定语从句，修饰时间，作状语。分析句子结构，先行词为day，定语从句中不缺少主语，宾语和表语，因此用when引导定语从句，作时间状语，故选C。 21．—Have you heard of the place ________ he visited last summer? —Yes, it is the very place ________ the great writer, Lu Xun was born. A．where; where B．where; that C．/; where D．that; that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你听说过他去年夏天去过的那个地方吗？——是的，这就是伟大作家鲁迅出生的地方。 考查定语从句。首空代指the place，是物作宾语，用关系代词that/which，也可省略；第二空充当状语，指代地点，用关系副词where。故选C。 22．This is the school ________ I studied ten years ago. A．which B．where C．that 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是我十年前学习的学校。考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，先行词是地点，在定语从句中作状语；that引导定语从句，先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。句中先行词“the school”是地点且在定语从句中作状语，所以句子是where引导的定语从句，故选B。 23．Do you know the city, Kunming, __________ is the capital city of Yunan? A．where B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你知道云南的首都昆明吗？考查定语从句。where，关系副词，指地点，在从句中作地点状语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，who的所有格，在从句中作定语。分析句子可知，is前缺少主语，先行词“Kunming”是物，且在句中作主语。故选B。 24．It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty(主权)over Taiwan Island away from China, ________ has been part of China since ancient times . A．where B．that C．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：任何人都不可能把台湾岛的主权从中国手中夺走，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以引导非限制性定语从句；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语，不可以引导非限制性定语从句；where关系副词，先行词指地点，在从句中作状语；句子先行词是物，且在从句中作主语；而句子是非限制性定语从句，应用which引导，故选C。 25．The film Hi, Mom(你好，李焕英), ________ amazed lots of moviegoers(电影观众), has jumped to the top of the Chinese box office during the Spring Festival. A．who B． C．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：《你好，李焕英》这部让很多观众感到惊讶的电影，在春节期间跃居中国票房榜首。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是The film，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。 二、完成句子 1．照片展示的是一个正在读书的18岁的女孩。 The photo shows an 18-year-old girl reading. 【答案】 who/that is 【解析】分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“girl”是人，在句中作主语，可用who/that；从句中主语是单数，be动词用is。故填who/that；is。 2．世上无难事，只要肯攀登。 Nothing is difficult to the man try. 【答案】who will/that will 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，“肯攀登”即“会去尝试的人”，空格处应用一个定语从句，从句缺主语，且先行词the man为人，故引导词可用who/that，从句用一般将来时，即will+动词原形。故填who/that will。 3．我们应该使用一些对环境友好的产品。 We should use some products friendly to the environment. 【答案】 which/that are 【解析】根据“We should use some products...friendly to the environment.”可知，句子是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是some products，指物，在定语从句中作主语，关系词用which或that；对……友好是“be friendly to”，根据主谓一致原则，主语“some products”为名词复数，系动词be用复数形式are。故填which/that；are。 4．汤姆是一个有创造力的男孩子，发明了许多实用的发明。 Tom is a creative boy many practical inventions. 【答案】 who/that invented 【解析】分析句子可知，此句是是定语从句，先行词是人，所以用who或that引导。发明：invent，由于描述过去的事，所以是一般过去时，将invent变为invented。故填who/that；invented。 5．那首用二胡演奏的乐曲尤其使我感动。 The piece of music played on the erhu especially moved me. 【答案】which was/that was 【解析】根据句意和“The piece of music...played on the erhu especially moved me”可知，此句是定语从句，先行词The piece of music是指物，在从句中作主语，用关系词which或that，从句中主语The piece of music与play是被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语是单数，故应用was。故填which/that was。 1、 语法选择 （一） （24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）I used to be a shy girl. But this term, I decided to do a brave thing. When our teacher asked 1 would like to be the physics monitor (科代表), I put up my hand and got the role. But it was not as easy as I thought. In 2 beginning, when I checked the homework list, I found that many students 3 in their homework. I was a little worried. I felt the job for me at that time was to push these students. And I spoke 4 loudly that my face turned red. It made my classmates angry, too. One girl asked, “Why are you shouting at me? You’re making it seem like my fault.” Then I suddenly realized it was actually 5 fault. I should talk to my classmates 6 a kind way and not get so angry. After this, I changed the way of speaking. “Excuse me. Could you please hand in your homework?” I said. To my 7 , many students understood me much 8 and finished their homework quickly. I found the best way to communicate 9 it helped me solve problems. Now, I am getting along well with all my classmates. I also realized that a good monitor should be responsible and patient. I really cherish (珍惜) this 10 . It makes me grow up like a young tree day by day. 1．A．what B．how C．who 2．A．the B．a C．an 3．A．hand B．don’t hand C．didn’t hand 4．A．such B．so C．very 5．A．her B．my C．their 6．A．in B．on C．by 7．A．surprises B．surprise C．surprised 8．A．better B．good C．worse 9．A．even if B．although C．and 10．A．thing B．experience C．activity 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了作者当物理科代表的故事，告诉人们和别人沟通时要有耐心。 1．句意：当老师问我们谁想当物理科代表时，我举手得到了这个职位。 what什么；how如何；who谁。根据“...would like to be the physics monitor”可知，此处指谁想当物理科代表。故选C。 2．句意：起初，当我查看作业名单时，我发现许多学生没有交作业。 the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前。根据“In...beginning”可知，此处表示起初，in the beginning“起初”，固定短语。故选A。 3．句意：起初，当我查看作业名单时，我发现许多学生没有交作业。 hand提交，一般现在时；don’t hand没有提交，一般现在时；didn’t hand没有提交，一般过去时。根据“I found that many students...in their homework. I was a little worried.”可知，此处指有些人没交作业，我有点担心，且句中时态为一般过去时。故选C。 4．句意：我说话声音如此大，以至于脸都红了。 such如此；so如此；very非常。根据“I spoke...loudly that my face turned red.”可知，此处修饰副词loudly，用so+adv.+that结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选B。 5．句意：然后我突然意识到这其实是我的错。 her她的；my我的；their他们的。根据“Then I suddenly realized it was actually...fault. I should talk to my classmates...”可知，作者突然意识到是自己的问题。故选B。 6．句意：我应该以一种友好的方式和我的同学交谈，而不是那么生气。 in用……方式；on在……上面；by通过。根据“...a kind way”可知，此处指用一种友好的方式，in a kind way“用友好的方式”，固定短语。故选A。 7．句意：令我惊讶的是，许多学生更好地理解了我，并且很快就完成了作业。 surprises使惊奇，动词第三人称单数；surprise惊讶，名词；surprised惊讶的，形容词。根据“To my...”可知，此处为to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，固定短语。故选B。 8．句意：令我惊讶的是，许多学生更好地理解了我，并且很快就完成了作业。 better更好，比较级；good好的，原级；worse更坏，比较级。根据“many students understood me much...and finished their homework quickly”可知，很多学生更好地理解了我，并且很快完成了作业，much后面接比较级。故选A。 9．句意：我找到了最好的沟通方式，而且它帮助我解决问题。 even if即使，尽管；although虽然；and和。根据“I found the best way to communicate...it helped me solve problems.”可知，前后为顺承关系，用and连接。故选C。 10．句意：我真的很珍惜这次经历。 thing事情；experience经历；activity活动。根据“I really cherish (珍惜) this”可知，作者珍惜这次当物理科代表的经历。故选B。 （二） （24-25九年级上·广东广州·期中）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many people consider Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) a great political leader. This story about him shows that he was 1 one of the most famous wise men in history. Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (酒馆). The next morning, he went to thank 2 innkeeper. “You have served me well, innkeeper,” said Napoleon. “I wish to pay back. Tell me 3 you want.” “Sir, we want nothing,” said the innkeeper. “ 4 will you tell us something?” “What is it?” Napoleon asked. “We have heard a story,” said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, the Russians took control of a small village. You happened 5 in the village. You hid yourself in a pile of hay when they looked for you. Will you tell us 6 while they were looking for you?” Napoleon looked very 7 . He called in two of   8 soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard. At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife 9 to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing. “Please, sir,” begged the innkeeper, “Don’t kill us! We meant 10 !” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them 11 their guns. Then Napoleon called, “Ready! Aim!” The wife was 12 scared with the gun that she screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer 13 the question you asked me just now, don’t you?” Actually, Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple 14 let him live their home because he wanted to show that a general (将军) had the same feelings as an ordinary man in the face of 15 . 1．A．too B．either C．also D．as well 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．how B．why C．when D．what 4．A．And B．But C．So D．For 5．A．being B．was C．were D．to be 6．A．how you felt B．you felt how C．how did you feel D．how to feel 7．A．anger B．angrier C．angry D．angrily 8．A．him B．his C．himself D．he 9．A．was led B．were led C．led D．lead 10．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 11．A．raised B．to raise C．will raise D．raising 12．A．very B．quite C．such D．so 13．A．of B．for C．to D．on 14．A．who B．which C．when D．what 15．A．danger B．dangerous C．dangerously D．endanger 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 18．B 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．A 【文章大意】本文主要讲述拿破仑用真实的场景告诉别人当遇到危险时，他也很害怕。 1．句意：这个关于他的故事表明，他也是历史上最著名的智者之一。 too也，常用于句末；either(两者中的)任何一个；also也，在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词；as well也，常用于句末。根据“This story about him shows that he was… one of the most famous wise men in history.”的语境可知，此处指拿破仑也是历史上最著名的智者之一，空处位于句中，紧靠动词，also符合。故选C。 2．句意：第二天早上，他去感谢客栈老板。 a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据上文“Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (酒馆).”可知，此处特指该酒馆的老板，用定冠词。故选C。 3．句意：告诉我你想要什么。 how怎样；why为什么；when什么时候；what什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，空处在从句中作宾语，what符合。故选D。 4．句意：但你能告诉我们一些事情吗？ And和；But但是；So所以。For为了。根据“Sir, we want nothing”以及“will you tell us something?”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but符合。故选B。 5．句意：你碰巧在村子里。 being是，现在分词；was是，be的第一和第三人称单数过去式；were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式；to be是，不定式。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，固定词组。故选D。 6．句意：你能告诉我们他们找你的时候你的感受吗？ how you felt你感觉如何；you felt ho你感觉如何； how did you feel你感觉怎么样；how to feel如何感受。分析句子结构可知，此处为how引导的宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。故选A。 7．句意：拿破仑看起来很生气。 anger愤怒；angrier更生气的；angry生气的；angrily生气地。分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词，作表语；根据语境可知，此处并没有比较的含义，angry符合。故选C。 8．句意：他召来了两名士兵。 him他，人称代词宾格；his他的；himself他自己；he他，人称代词主格。根据空后的名词“soldiers”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词形式，进行修饰。故选B。 9．句意：店主和他的妻子被带到了墙边。 was led被带到，主语为第一和第三人称单数；were led被带到，主语为复数和第二人称单数形式；led带路，过去式或过去分词；lead带路，动词原形。分析句子结构可知，主语与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，主语为“The innkeeper and his wife”，所以B项符合。故选B。 10．句意：我们没什么意思！ nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某事；everything一些。根据上文“Don’t kill us!”可知，此处指我们没什么意思，所以别杀我们。故选A。 11．句意：客栈老板看见他们举起了枪。 raised举起，过去式或过去分词；to raise举起，不定式；will raise举起，一般将来时；raising举起，现在分词。分析句子结构及语境可知，此处用现在分词形式，作宾补，表示动作正在进行。故选D。 12．句意：妻子被枪吓得尖叫起来。 very非常；quite相当；such这样的；so如此。根据空后的“scared with the gun that”可知，此处为so…that引导的结果状语从句。故选D。 13．句意：现在，你知道你刚才问我的问题的答案了，是吗？ of……的；for为了；to到；on在……上面。the answer to the question“问题的答案”，固定词组。故选C。 14．句意：事实上，拿破仑命令他的部下把这对让他住在家里的夫妇绑起来，因为他想表明一个将军在面对危险时有着和普通人一样的感受。 who谁；which哪一个；when什么时候；what什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指人的“the couple”，who符合。故选A。 15．句意：事实上，拿破仑命令他的部下把这对让他住在家里的夫妇绑起来，因为他想表明一个将军在面对危险时有着和普通人一样的感受。 danger危险；dangerous危险的；dangerously危险地；endanger危害。分析句子结构可知，此处用名词形式，作宾语。故选A。 二、短文填空 （一） （2024·山西朔州·模拟预测）词语运用 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 Our time is truly valuable, and we should be careful with it. I read that when smokers stop smoking, their lungs (肺) start to become healthier than before. Is the same true for our brains? One day, I decided to kick my addiction (上瘾) to phone. I wanted to make up for the time 1 was wasted on my phone. I couldn’t completely stop 2 my phone because it was part of my daily life. At the same time, I used it for texting, calling and checking the news sometimes. 3 I cut down on screen time, things have been interesting. A few days later, I read two books. I also added 20 minutes to read 4 before going to bed, and I had more ideas for writing projects last week than I did all last year. But more importantly, I communicated more actively with strangers. We have spent too much time and attention 5 phones. They are like crutches (腋杖), but when we put them down, amazing things will happen. 【答案】1．that/which 2．using 3．Since 4．books 5．on 【文章大意】本文讲述了作者决定减少使用手机时间后，生活发生的积极变化。 1． 句意：我想弥补浪费在手机上的时间。此处引导定语从句，且在句中作主语，指代前文提到的时间，应用that/which。故填that/which。 2．句意：我不能禁不住使用手机。根据下文“At the same time, I used it”可知，此处指使用手机，use“使用”；couldn’t stop doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”，故填using。 3．句意：自从我减少了屏幕时间，事情变得有趣了。根据“I cut down on screen time,things have been interesting.”可知，主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去式，此处应是since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从”。故填Since。 4．句意：我还增加了20分钟的阅读时间。根据“ read two books.”可知，此处指读书，book“书”，read后接名词复数形式。故填books。 5．句意：我们花了太多时间和注意力在手机上。spend time on sth.表示“在某事上花时间”。故填on。 （二） （2024·福建厦门·二模）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Jin Ying, 25, is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). She took part in a three-month training course on acupuncture and tuina (针灸推拿) 1 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Jin’s life has been different since the training. She 2 (change) her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory (五行学说). For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter 3 the cold of winter means people should slow down, according to TCM. For 4 (she), learning these skills and theories was not about becoming a TCM doctor but rather about choosing a new lifestyle. She is not an 5 (usual) example of young people becoming interested in TCM. A survey by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3 percent of the 1,000 young people 6 took part had tried different TCM treatments. “I have seen 7 (many) young people come to me for neck and back pains than before,” said Ma Huifang, a TCM doctor at Guoyitang. Between Western medicine and TCM, young people now prefer TCM for its efficacy (疗效). But some people question why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptions. “This is actually 8 advantage of TCM, rather than a shortcoming, as it can be a accurate (精准的) treatment for different 9 (patient),” Ma explained. Younger age groups are choosing TCM, and at the same time, TCM is also helping young people. As Jin noted, “It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and learn why it is 10 (believe) to be a treasure of our Chinese culture.” 【答案】 1．in 2．changed 3．because 4．her 5．unusual 6．who/that 7．more 8．an 9．patients 10．believed 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中医越来越受年轻群体的欢迎以及中医的神奇疗效。 1．句意：她参加了2023年在北京中医药大学为期三个月的针灸推拿培训课程。根据空后的“2023”表示年份可知，此处应用介词in。故填in。 2．句意：学习五行学说后，她改变了自己的生活习惯。此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填changed。 3．句意：例如，她在冬天锻炼时避免出汗过多，因为根据中医的说法，冬天寒冷意味着人们应该放慢脚步。根据空前后句的句意可知，此处表示因果关系，前果后因。故填because。 4．句意：对于她来说，学习这些技能和理论并不是为了成为一名中医，而是选择一种新的生活方式。根据空前的介词“For”可知，此处应用所给词的宾格形式，作宾语。故填her。 5．句意：她并不是年轻人对中医产生兴趣的一个不同寻常的例子。根据下文“A survey by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3 percent of the 1,000 young people…took part had tried different TCM treatments.”可知，中医越来越受年轻群体的欢迎，所以她并不是年轻人对中医产生兴趣的一个不同寻常的例子，unusual“不同寻常的”符合。故填unusual。 6．句意：《中国青年报》的一项调查显示，在1000名参与者中，93.3%的人尝试过不同的中医治疗方法。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词是指人的“the 1,000 young people”，且关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语。故填who/that。 7．句意：国医堂中医Ma Huifang说：“我已看到比以前更多的年轻人来找我治疗颈椎和背部疼痛。”根据空后的“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式。故填more。 8．句意：马解释说：“这实际上是中医的一个优点，而不是缺点，因为它可以对不同的患者进行准确的治疗。”根据句意可知，此处表示泛指的含义，应用不定冠词；根据空后的“advantage”是以元音音素开头的单词可知，此处应填an。故填an。 9．句意：马解释说：“这实际上是中医的一个优点，而不是缺点，因为它可以对不同的患者进行准确的治疗。”根据空前的“different”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填patients。 10．句意：它帮助年轻人了解中医并学习为什么它被认为是我们中国文化的瑰宝。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句的主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填believed。 一、单项选择 1．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【解析】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远会与你分享欢笑和泪水的人。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词a person指人，且连接词在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选C。 2．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词the movies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，且不可省略。故选B。 3．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Volunteering is a meaningful activity. —I agree. We should express thanks to the people ________ do volunteer jobs.　　 A．whom B．what C．who D．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——做志愿者是一个有意义的活动。——我同意。我们应该感谢那些做志愿者工作的人。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选C。 4．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）— Tom, what kind of stories do you prefer? — The ones ________ have a happy ending. A．that B．who C．those D．whom 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——汤姆，你喜欢什么样的故事？——那些有着幸福结局的故事。考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句；who谁；those那些；whom谁，宾格。根据“The ones …have a happy ending.”可知，此处空后为定语从句修饰ones，ones指代stories“故事”，为物，使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。 5．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now? —Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week. A．that B．who C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗？——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用that或which，结合选项，故选A。 6．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ will live in our heart forever. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位永远会活在我们心里的科学家。考查定语从句的引导词。which指代物，关系代词；who指代人，关系代词；what什么，不用于引导定语从句。根据观察和分析可知题干包含一个定语从句，先行词是a great scientist，空格上应填一个代替先行词（人）且在从句中作主语的关系代词。故选B。 7．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What kind of music do you like, Linda? —I like music ________ I can dance to. A．when B．that C．what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——琳达，你喜欢什么样的音乐？——我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。when先行词是时间，在从句中做状语；that先行词是人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语；what不引导定语从句。空前先行词“music”是物，需用that引导定语从句。故选B。 8．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching? — A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply. A．who B．whom C．whose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——杰夫，你在看什么？——一个关于张桂梅的短视频，她的故事深深打动了我。考查定语从句。who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语；whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。从句成分完整，此处指的是张桂梅的故事，应用whose作定语，故选C。 9．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）He ________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. A．whom B．/ C．which D．who 【答案】D 【解析】句意：不到长城非好汉。考查定语从句。题干包含定语从句。先行词是“He”，在从句中作主语。whom作宾语，指代人；which作主语或宾语，指代物；who作主语或宾语，指代人。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。故选D。 10．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies _________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。 11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—How exciting the speech is! —Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——演讲多么令人兴奋啊！——相当不错！这是我听过的最好的演讲。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词speech前有最高级修饰，要用that引导定语从句，故选B。 12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Do you know the boy ________ is standing under the tree? A．who B．which C．where 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你认识站在树下的那个男孩吗？考查定语从句的关系词。who在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代人；which在引导的定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；where在引导的定语从句中作状语。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，句中先行词是boy，指人，空处在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。故选A。 13．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ________ is giving a lesson in space now? —Of course. She is Wang Yaping. A．which B．whom C．who 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你认识正在上太空课的那位女士吗？——当然。她是王亚平。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词woman是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选C。 14．（2022·吉林·中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：王老师是一位英语老师，她使她的课生动有趣。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词an English teacher是指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句，故选B。 15．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【解析】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥Ⅳ发射到月球背面的国家。考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；句子先行词是nation，在句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，此处关系代词用that，故选B。 16．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One. A．which B．who C．whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。 考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词boys是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。 17．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher? —Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much. A．which; our B．who; us C．which; us D．that; our 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗？——是的，她教我们英语，我们都非常喜欢她。 考查定语从句以及代词辨析。第一空所在句子是定语从句，先行词woman是指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导定语从句，排除A和C选项。us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后，应填人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。 18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。 考查定语从句。此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 19．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best? — I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的书？——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books是指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which引导定语从句，故选C。 20．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin? —Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it. A．that; more touching B．what; less touching C．that; more touched D．which; less touched 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗？——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，排除B。touching感人的；touched感动的。此处修饰电影，用ing结尾的形容词，排除CD。故选A。 二、语法选择 （2022·湖南张家界·中考真题）通读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项填空，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 Once upon a time, there was 1 old man named Yu Gong. There were two 2 near his house. They were so high and big 3 it took a long time to walk to the other side. Yu Gong told his family that they should all help him to 4 the mountains. They started digging the next day. A man told Yu Gong he could never do it. 5 Yu Gong said that his family could 6 to move the mountains 7 he died. So they kept on digging day after day and year after year. 8 , a god was moved and he sent another two gods to take the mountains away. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．a mountain B．mountain C．mountains 3．A．that B．what C．which 4．A．moving B．move C．moves 5．A．And B．Or C．But 6．A．to continue B．continues C．continue 7．A．after B．before C．behind 8．A．First B．At last C．Also 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了愚公移山的故事。 1．句意：从前，有一位老人，名叫愚公。 a不定冠词表泛指，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词表泛指，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一位老人，old以元音音素开头，其前用an。故选B。 2．句意：他家附近有两座山。 a mountain一座山；mountain山，单数；mountains山，复数。根据“two”可知此处用可数名词复数。故选C。 3．句意：它们又高又大，要花很长时间才能走到另一边。 that用作关系代词，引导从句；what什么；which哪一个。“it took a long time to walk to the other side”是山的高大造成的结果，so ... that“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故选A。 4．句意：愚公告诉他的家人，他们应该帮助他移山。 moving动名词或现在分词；move动词原形；moves动词第三人称单数形式。help sb. to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故选B。 5．句意：但愚公说，他死后，他的家人可以继续移山。 And和；Or或者，否则；But但是。“一个人告诉愚公他永远做不到”与“愚公说他死后他的家人可以继续移山”之间句意出现转折，用But。故选C。 6．句意：但愚公说，他死后，他的家人可以继续搬山。 to continue动词不定式；continues动词第三人称单数形式；continue动词原形。情态动词could后接动词原形。故选C。 7．句意：但愚公说，他死后，他的家人可以继续移山。 after在……之后；before在……之前；behind在……后面。根据“his family could ... to move the mountains”可推出家人继续移山应是在愚公死后。故选A。 8．句意：最后，一个神被感动了，他又派了两个神去把山挪走。 First首先；At last最终；Also此外。根据“So they kept on digging day after day and year after year. ”可知是最终感动了一个神。故选B。 三、短文填空 （2024·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内所给的提示词，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Showing Respect for Seniors In China, there is a special day for elderly people— the Double Ninth Festival. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. As the Chinese word for nine has 1 same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their 2 (wish) of long life for elderly people. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for good luck and in the hope that elderly people will be much 3 (happy) and live longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant 4 is called zhuyu. Chrysanthemum wine has great medical values and it’s popular 5 many people. Zhuyu is 6 (regard) as a kind of clean plant that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day 7 also in daily life. For example, when an elderly person enters a room, everyone stands up and greets him or her 8 (polite). When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces 9 (they) from the oldest to the youngest. Respecting elderly people is a traditional virtue (美德) in China, and Chinese people are 10 (pride) of it. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 【答案】 1．the 2．wishes 3．happier 4．that/which 5．with 6．regarded 7．but 8．politely 9．them 10．proud 【文章大意】本文讲述了中国的重阳节，这是一个尊敬老人的传统节日。文章描述了重阳节的由来、传统习俗以及日常生活中对老人的尊重。 1．句意：因为九的中文发音与“久”相同，所以人们用重阳节来表达他们对老年人长寿的祝愿。the same“相同的”。故填the。 2．句意：因为九的中文发音与“久”相同，所以人们用重阳节来表达他们对老年人长寿的祝愿。wish“祝愿”，可数名词，结合their可知，名词用复数。故填wishes。 3．句意：在那一天，家人聚在一起爬山以求好运，并希望老年人会更快乐、更长寿。much用来修饰形容词的比较级。故填happier。 4．句意：他们还喝菊花酒，佩戴一种被称为茱萸的植物。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，空处作主语，先行词是物，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。 5．句意：菊花酒因其药用价值而受到许多人的喜爱。be popular with“受……欢迎”，为固定短语。故填with。 6．句意：茱萸被认为是一种可以清洁和治病的植物。be regarded as“被认为”，为固定短语。故填regarded。 7．句意：尊重老人不仅体现在这个特殊的日子里，也体现在日常生活中。not only...but also“不但……而且……”。故填but。 8．句意：例如，当老年人进入房间时，每个人都会站起来礼貌地向他们问好。空处应填副词修饰动词。故填politely。 9．句意：当有多个客人时，主人通常按年龄从大到小介绍他们。they是主格，空处作宾语，应用宾格代词。故填them。 10．句意：尊敬老人是中国的传统美德，中国人为此感到自豪。be proud of“为……自豪”，故填proud。 四、完成句子 1．（2023·贵州·中考真题）中国科学家屠呦呦发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。 Tu Youyou is the Chinese scientist an effective drug against malaria. 【答案】 who/that discovered 【解析】此处含定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句；discover“发现”，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填who/that；discovered。 2．（2022·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）孔子是一位著名的哲学家，他的至理名言对不同国家的许多人产生了影响。 Confucius was a famous philosopher wise sayings have many people in different countries. 【答案】 whose affected 【解析】第一空为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词a famous philosopher，且关系代词在句中作定语，故第一空应为whose；affect“影响”，动词，第二空考查现在完成时，结构是have/has done，故affect用其过去分词形式。故填whose；affected。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$