第10讲 定语从句（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

第10讲 定语从句 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 4 考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 5 考点一 关系代词................................................................................................................................... 4 1.that和which的用法辨析........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.who, whom, whose的用法辨析.................................................................................................................................. 5 考点二 关系副词................................................................................................................................... 9 1.关系副词when的基本用法和易错点....................................................................................................................... 9 2.关系副词where的基本用法和易错点.................................................................................................................... 10 3.关系副词why的基本用法和易错点........................................................................................................................ 10 考点三 介词+关系代词....................................................................................................................... 13 1.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法........................................................................................................ 13 2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则.................................................................................................................................. 13 3.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法....................................................................................................... 14 考点四 定语从句中的易错点........................................................................................................... 16 1.关系代词as引导的定语从句................................................................................................................................... 16 2.定语从句中的主谓一致情况.................................................................................................................................... 17 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 关系代词 · that和which的用法辨析；who, whom, whose的用法辨析 · 10年10考 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。 ‌关系副词 · 关系副词when, where, why的用法 · 10年10考 介词+关系代词‌ · 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法；介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法‌ · 近10年连续考查 定语从句中的易错点 · 关系代词as引导的定语从句及定语从句中的主谓一致情况 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点 ❤锦囊妙计 1. 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，注意三大从句的区别。定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 2. 先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；要仔细分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或宾语才能用关系代词。 锦囊1：确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 锦囊2：区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 锦囊3：寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。 ① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ② 先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 锦囊4：判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。 ① 缺少主语：that/which/who； ② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③ 缺少定语：whose； ④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 请支持这个计划的人举手。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。 He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。 考点一 关系代词 知识梳理 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1.that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 【名师提醒】 当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他看我的方式。 2.who, whom, whose的用法辨析 ①who、whom的用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。 例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。 例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。 例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。 例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers. 这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。 ②whose的用法 1. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ 例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 即时训练 1．Jingyuetan National Forest Park is the place ________ I like to visit most. A．that B．when C．what D．who 2．The hero in my heart is the one ______ spreads ideas to encourage the people in need. A．where B．that C．which D．whom 3．The Greens met with lots of things ________ interested them on their journey. A．who B．that C．whom D．what 4．—Yang Jie, director of Journey to the West, passed away on April 15th at the age of 88. —She created the most watched TV play _______ has been re-aired more than 3,000 times since 1986. A．what B．who C．that D．/ 5．We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 6．The live concert by Zhang Jie ________ was held in Hohhot on 18th May 2024 drew thousands of fans from other cities. A．what B．which C．when D．who 7．I don’t know the girl to _________ you talked just now. A．which B．who C．whom D．what 8．I really like the girl ________ hair is blond. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 9．This is the girl ________ mother is an English teacher of our school. A．that B．who C．whom D．whose 10．Lionel Messi is a great football star ________ talent in sports surprises me a lot. A．who B．that C．whose 考点二 关系副词 知识梳理 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词when, where, why。 1.关系副词when的基本用法和易错点 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。 2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。 3. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when 【名师提醒】 当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 例2. There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.（先行词reason在从句中作宾语） 他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。 例5. There are occasions when one must yield. （先行词occasions是典型时间名词） 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。 2.关系副词where的基本用法和易错点 ①where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 ②当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 ③先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 3.关系副词why的基本用法和易错点 1. why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。 2. why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。 例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ 例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. 老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。 例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。 例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. （关系词在从句中作宾语） 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。 即时训练 1．Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studies for three years. A．where B．which C．who 2．—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 3．The old man missed the small village ________ he used to live. A．which B．that C．where 4．Is this the factory ________ your father works? A．what B．where C．which D．the one 5．The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill. A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that 6．I didn’t know the reasons________ A．how the war happens between Israeli—Palestinian. B．how did the war happen between Israeli—Palestinian. C．why the war happened between Israeli—Palestinian. D．why was the war happened between Israeli—Palestinian. 7．Do you still remember the time ________ we worked together in the small town? A．that B．which C．when D．who 8．Puberty is the stage of life _______ young people leave children and head into adulthood. A．until B．whether C．because D．when 9．I shall never forget those days _______ I lived on the farm with the local farmers. A．that B．when C．which D．where 10．How time flies! I’ll miss the days ________ we studied in middle school. A．that B．where C．when 考点三 介词+关系代词 知识梳理 1.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法 1.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。 例1. My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding. 我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。 例2. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。 例3. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. 这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。 2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则 1. 看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree； 2. 看从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配，如learn from，speak to等； 3. 看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 ①看先行词搭配。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) ②看从句短语搭配 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) ③看语境逻辑 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。 3.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法 ①“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。 ② “介词＋which/whom＋不定式” The poor man has no house in which to live. →The poor man has no house to live in. →The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 即时训练 1．Chengdu is a big city in ________ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life. A．which B．who C．that D．whom 2．A survey shows that the Secret Garden is the book on ________ most Chinese people spent money in the past year. A．which B．that C．what 3．Though we students are going to leave middle school, we should always remember the very good old days ________ we’ve spent the unforgettable time with our classmates. A．that B．on which C．which 4．To enter a good high school, we shouldn’t only study the subjects in ________ we are interested. A．that B．who C．which 5．The year 2022 is the most unusual year ________ our country held the Beijing Winter Olympic Games successfully. A．which B．in which C．that 6．Harbin is a beautiful city ________ I’ve worked for more than thirty years. A．that B．who C．in which 7．Campus(校园) is the place ______ we spend a lot of time with our classmates and teachers. There are our most valuable memories there. A．who B．that C．on which 8．The pen ________ she writes letters is broken. A．that B．which C．with which 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 知识梳理 1.关系代词as引导的定语从句 ①as引导限制性定语从句的用法 1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语； 2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。 3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 【名师提醒】 注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 例1. They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 例2. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 例3. This is the same knife as I lost.(不是同一把小刀) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 例4. He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） ②such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 1. such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。 2. 当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。 例1. This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.。(从句中的work out缺少宾语，关系代词as作work out的宾语。) 这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题 例2. She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。 (状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。) ③as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 1. as引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致；which从句只能位于主句之后， 2. as表示“正如……就像”。从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词； 3. 当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。 2.定语从句中的主谓一致情况 1. 先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 2. 先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数； 3. 先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。 例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you. 例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music. 例3. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 例4. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 即时训练 1．Paris, the capital of France, is the city ________ will hold the 33rd Olympic Games in 2024. A．which B．who C．what 2．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 3．________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A．Which B．When C．What D．As 4．—Could you please have your hair cut as soon as possible? —Why? I like my hairstyle ________ it is now. A．since B．as C．unless D．when 5．Today I can see a hall full of talented teens graduated from Changsha International Experimental Middle School, ________ eyes are full of hope for the future. A．where B．who C．whose 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第10讲 定语从句 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 4 考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 5 考点一 关系代词................................................................................................................................... 4 1.that和which的用法辨析........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.who, whom, whose的用法辨析.................................................................................................................................. 5 考点二 关系副词................................................................................................................................... 9 1.关系副词when的基本用法和易错点....................................................................................................................... 9 2.关系副词where的基本用法和易错点.................................................................................................................... 10 3.关系副词why的基本用法和易错点........................................................................................................................ 10 考点三 介词+关系代词....................................................................................................................... 13 1.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法........................................................................................................ 13 2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则.................................................................................................................................. 13 3.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法....................................................................................................... 14 考点四 定语从句中的易错点........................................................................................................... 16 1.关系代词as引导的定语从句................................................................................................................................... 16 2.定语从句中的主谓一致情况.................................................................................................................................... 17 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 关系代词 · that和which的用法辨析；who, whom, whose的用法辨析 · 10年10考 定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。 ‌关系副词 · 关系副词when, where, why的用法 · 10年10考 介词+关系代词‌ · 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法；介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法‌ · 近10年连续考查 定语从句中的易错点 · 关系代词as引导的定语从句及定语从句中的主谓一致情况 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点 ❤锦囊妙计 1. 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，注意三大从句的区别。定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 2. 先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；要仔细分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或宾语才能用关系代词。 锦囊1：确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 锦囊2：区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 锦囊3：寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。 ① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ② 先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 锦囊4：判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。 ① 缺少主语：that/which/who； ② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③ 缺少定语：whose； ④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 请支持这个计划的人举手。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。 He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。 考点一 关系代词 知识梳理 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1.that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 【名师提醒】 当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他看我的方式。 2.who, whom, whose的用法辨析 ①who、whom的用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。 例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。 例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。 例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. 你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。 例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers. 这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。 ②whose的用法 1. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ 例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 即时训练 1．Jingyuetan National Forest Park is the place ________ I like to visit most. A．that B．when C．what D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：净月潭国家森林公园是我最喜欢参观的地方。考查定语从句。本句含定语从句，先行词是the place，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用that引导定语从句。故选A。 2．The hero in my heart is the one ______ spreads ideas to encourage the people in need. A．where B．that C．which D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我心中的英雄是传播思想以鼓励有需要的人的人。考查定语从句。根据“The hero in my heart is the one ... spreads ideas”可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是the one，指人，且在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。 3．The Greens met with lots of things ________ interested them on their journey. A．who B．that C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：格林一家在旅途中遇到了许多使他们感兴趣的东西。考查定语从句的引导词。who的先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that的先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom的先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句。根据“The Greens met with lots of things…”可知，先行词“things”是物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选B。 4．—Yang Jie, director of Journey to the West, passed away on April 15th at the age of 88. —She created the most watched TV play _______ has been re-aired more than 3,000 times since 1986. A．what B．who C．that D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——《西游记》导演杨洁于4月15日去世，享年88岁。——自1986年以来，她创造了收视率最高的电视剧，重播次数超过3000次。考查定语从句。what不引导定语从句；who指人，作定语从句的主语或宾语；that指物，作定语从句的主语或宾语。该句是定语从句，先行词是“TV play”，在从句中作主语。故选C。 5．We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：专家的演讲使我们深受鼓舞。考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句，先行词“the speech”是物，且在从句中作主语，所以关系代词用which。故选B。 6．The live concert by Zhang Jie ________ was held in Hohhot on 18th May 2024 drew thousands of fans from other cities. A．what B．which C．when D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2024年5月18日在呼和浩特举行的张杰演唱会吸引了来自其他城市的成千上万的粉丝。 考查定语从句。what什么；which哪个；when何时；who谁。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词是“The live concert”，指物，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词“which”引导。故选B。 7．I don’t know the girl to _________ you talked just now. A．which B．who C．whom D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不认识你刚才和她谈话的那个女孩。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是the girl，指人，引导词在从句中作宾语，此处介词to提前，只能用whom。故选C。 8．I really like the girl ________ hair is blond. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢那个金发女孩。考查定语从句引导词。who谁；whom谁，宾格；whose谁的；that那。根据“I really like the girl…hair is blond.”可知此处是定语从句，空处指的是女孩的头发 ，应填whose作定语。故选C。 9．This is the girl ________ mother is an English teacher of our school. A．that B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是那个女孩，她的母亲是我们学校的英语老师。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the girl ... mother is an English teacher of our school”可知先行词the girl指人，在从句作定语，用whose引导定语从句。故选D。 10．Lionel Messi is a great football star ________ talent in sports surprises me a lot. A．who B．that C．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莱昂内尔·梅西是一位伟大的足球明星，他的体育天赋让我大吃一惊。考查定语从句。who先行词指人，在从句中作主语、宾语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语。本句先行词指人，且连接词在从句中作定语修饰talent，故用whose。故选C。 考点二 关系副词 知识梳理 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词when, where, why。 1.关系副词when的基本用法和易错点 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。 2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。 3. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when 【名师提醒】 当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 例2. There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.（先行词reason在从句中作宾语） 他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。 例5. There are occasions when one must yield. （先行词occasions是典型时间名词） 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。 2.关系副词where的基本用法和易错点 ①where用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 ②当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 ③先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 3.关系副词why的基本用法和易错点 1. why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。 2. why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。 例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ 例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. 老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。 例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。 例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. （关系词在从句中作宾语） 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。 即时训练 1．Xiao Wang, we will graduate from this school in about three months. I believe we will never forget this school ________ we have studies for three years. A．where B．which C．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小王，我们大约三个月后就要从这所学校毕业了。我相信我们永远不会忘记这所学校，我们在那里学习了三年。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是this school，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。故选A。 2．—Is there a restaurant around ________ I can have something to eat? —Yes, there is a Chinese restaurant near here. A．which B．that C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——附近有没有餐馆可以让我吃点东西？——是的，这附近有一家中国餐馆。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空后是定语从句部分，修饰限定先行词restaurant，定语从句成分完整，应用关系副词，where符合，故选C。 3．The old man missed the small village ________ he used to live. A．which B．that C．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那位老人想念他过去住过的那个小村庄。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句不缺主语及宾语，修饰先行词the small village，用关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语。故选C。 4．Is this the factory ________ your father works? A．what B．where C．which D．the one 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是你父亲工作的工厂吗？考查定语从句。本句是定语从句，先行词是the factory，从句成分完整，先行词在句中作地点状语，所以关系副词用where。故选B。 5．The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill. A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他没有来的原因是他病了。考查定语从句和表语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，整个句子的谓语动词为was，was之前的为定语从句；was之后的为表语从句；第一个空为定语从句，定语从句中句子结构完整，因此用关系副词why引导；第二个空为表语从句，表语从句的结构也完整，因此用连词that引导，that无意义。故选A。 6．I didn’t know the reasons________ A．how the war happens between Israeli—Palestinian. B．how did the war happen between Israeli—Palestinian. C．why the war happened between Israeli—Palestinian. D．why was the war happened between Israeli—Palestinian. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道巴以之间发生战争的原因。考查定语从句。空处作定语修饰名词reasons，所以应是定语从句，用陈述句语序，the reason why“……的原因”，故选C。 7．Do you still remember the time ________ we worked together in the small town? A．that B．which C．when D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你仍然还记得我们一起在一个小镇上工作的时候吗？考查定语从句。that做引导词无实际意义；which哪一个；when当……时；who谁。分析“we worked together in the small town?”可知从句不缺成分，用关系副词，排除ABD。先行词“the time”表示时间，用when引导定语从句，故选C。 8．Puberty is the stage of life _______ young people leave children and head into adulthood. A．until B．whether C．because D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：青春期是年轻人离开孩子进入成年的人生阶段。考查定语从句关系副词辨析。until直到；whether是否；because因为；when什么时候。根据“young people leave children and head into adulthood”可知，定语主谓宾完整，所以缺少状语；根据先行词“the stage of life”可知，是时间，所以应该使用when。故选D。 9．I shall never forget those days _______ I lived on the farm with the local farmers. A．that B．when C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我将不会忘记我和当地农民住在农场的日子。考查定语从句。当先行词是人时，引导词用who或that；当先行词是物时，引导词用which或that；当先行词是时间时，引导词用when，在定语从句中做时间状语；当先行词是地点时，引导词用where，在定语从句中做地点状语；这里先行词是those days那些日子；故选B。 10．How time flies! I’ll miss the days ________ we studied in middle school. A．that B．where C．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！我会想念我们在中学学习的日子。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是the days，在定语从句中作时间状语，when符合题意。故选C。 考点三 介词+关系代词 知识梳理 1.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法 1.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。 例1. My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding. 我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。 例2. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。 例3. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary. 这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。 2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则 1. 看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree； 2. 看从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配，如learn from，speak to等； 3. 看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 ①看先行词搭配。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air) ②看从句短语搭配 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to) The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for) ③看语境逻辑 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。 3.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法 ①“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构 此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。 Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 He has three sons, none of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。 ② “介词＋which/whom＋不定式” The poor man has no house in which to live. →The poor man has no house to live in. →The poor man has no house in which he can live. 那个穷人没房子住。 即时训练 1．Chengdu is a big city in ________ we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life. A．which B．who C．that D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：成都是一座大城市，我们可以在这里学习古蜀文化，享受现代生活。考查定语从句。which先行词为物；who先行词为人；that先行词为物/人；whom先行词为人。此处先行词是city，指物，且结合介词in，可知此处是“介词+which”引导的定语从句。故选A。 2．A survey shows that the Secret Garden is the book on ________ most Chinese people spent money in the past year. A．which B．that C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一项调查显示，《秘密花园》是过去一年大多数中国人花钱买的书。考查定语从句。根据“the Secret Garden is the book on ... most Chinese people spent money in the past year.”可知，句子是定语从句，介词on后跟关系代词which。故选A。 3．Though we students are going to leave middle school, we should always remember the very good old days ________ we’ve spent the unforgettable time with our classmates. A．that B．on which C．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然我们学生即将离开中学，我们应该永远记住那些美好的日子，我们和我们的同学度过了难忘的时光。考查定语从句。根据“we should always remember the very good old days”和“we’ve spent the unforgettable time with our classmates”可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句不缺成分，先行词为“days”，故应用when或时间介词+which，此时时间介词应用on。故选B。 4．To enter a good high school, we shouldn’t only study the subjects in ________ we are interested. A．that B．who C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了进入一所好的高中，我们不应该仅仅学习我们感兴趣的科目。考查定语从句关系词。句子的先行词the subjects“科目”为“物”，而空前有介词，关系词只能用which，故选C。 5．The year 2022 is the most unusual year ________ our country held the Beijing Winter Olympic Games successfully. A．which B．in which C．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2022年是我国成功举办北京冬奥会最不寻常的一年。考查定语从句。分析题干可知，本句是定语从句，分析从句部分可知，从句主谓宾成分完整，所以需要一个关系副词来引导定语从句，AC选项是关系代词，不符合，B选项是“介词+关系代词”的结构，相当于关系副词，符合，故选B。 6．Harbin is a beautiful city ________ I’ve worked for more than thirty years. A．that B．who C．in which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哈尔滨是一个美丽的城市，我在那里工作了三十多年。考查定语从句。根据题干，可知本句为定语从句，先行词是city；在从句中作地点状语，应用in which=where引导定语从句，故选C。 7．Campus(校园) is the place ______ we spend a lot of time with our classmates and teachers. There are our most valuable memories there. A．who B．that C．on which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校园是我们花很多时间与同学和老师在一起的地方。那里有我们最珍贵的记忆。考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为place，从句的句子结构完整，需要一个关系词作状语成分，AB选项是关系代词，不符合， C选项是“介词+关系代词=关系副词”的用法，故选C。 8．The pen ________ she writes letters is broken. A．that B．which C．with which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她写信用的钢笔坏了。考查定语从句。分析句子可知此句是定语从句，先行词为pen，从句主谓宾成分完整。不用关系代词，排除AB。此处应用C选项的“介词+关系代词=关系副词”的结构，with which she writes letters是定语从句修饰The pen。故选C。 考点四 定语从句中的易错点 知识梳理 1.关系代词as引导的定语从句 ①as引导限制性定语从句的用法 1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语； 2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。 3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 【名师提醒】 注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 例1. They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 例2. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 例3. This is the same knife as I lost.(不是同一把小刀) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 例4. He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） ②such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别 1. such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。 2. 当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。 例1. This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.。(从句中的work out缺少宾语，关系代词as作work out的宾语。) 这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题 例2. She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。 (状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。) ③as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 1. as引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致；which从句只能位于主句之后， 2. as表示“正如……就像”。从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词； 3. 当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。 2.定语从句中的主谓一致情况 1. 先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 2. 先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数； 3. 先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。 例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you. 例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music. 例3. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 例4. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 即时训练 1．Paris, the capital of France, is the city ________ will hold the 33rd Olympic Games in 2024. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：巴黎是法国的首都，将于2024年举办第33届奥运会。考查定语从句。本句先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，可用which引导定语从句。故选A。 2．He seems not to have grasped ________ I meant, ________ greatly upsets me. A．what; who B．that; that C．what; which D．how; which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他似乎没有领会我的意思，这让我非常难过。考查从句。what什么；who谁；that那个；which哪一个；how怎么样。根据“He seems not to have grasped...I meant,...greatly upsets me.”可知grasped 之后是宾语从句且从句中meant后面缺少宾语,空处需填一个引导词what；逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，需填一个引导词指代前面整个句子，用which。故选C。 3．________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A．Which B．When C．What D．As 【答案】D 【详解】句意：和往常一样，我们制定了生产计划。考查定语从句。as is often the case“和往常一样”，固定用法，as引导非限制性定语从句。故选D。 4．—Could you please have your hair cut as soon as possible? —Why? I like my hairstyle ________ it is now. A．since B．as C．unless D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能尽快理发吗？——为什么？我喜欢我现在的发型。考查定语从句。since自从；as如，似，正像；unless除非；when当……时。分析句子结构可知，“…it is now”是定语从句修饰“my hairstyle”作定语，进一步说明我的头发，即现在的发型，因此as引导定语从句，故选B。 5．Today I can see a hall full of talented teens graduated from Changsha International Experimental Middle School, ________ eyes are full of hope for the future. A．where B．who C．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天，我可以看到一大厅的才华横溢的青少年毕业于长沙国际实验中学，他们的眼睛充满了对未来的希望。考查定语从句关系词。根据“a hall full of talented teens graduated from Changsha International Experimental Middle School, ... eyes are full of hope for the future”可知此处是定语从句，先行词“talented teens”指人，与空后“eyes”构成所属关系，此处用whose引导非限定性定语从句。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$