【春考特训课】第11讲 单项选择之名词性从句和定语从句部分重点难点-【决胜春考】2025春季高考英语冲刺总复习 （重庆专用）

第11讲单项选择之名词性从句和定语从句部分重点难点 【名词性从句】 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 名词性从句包含主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。主要考察的内容是宾语从句和表语从句。 对于名词性从句的引导词中，what以及that, what以及which的区别更是需要理解性掌握的内容。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　宾语从句的定义 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。其基本结构为“主句＋连接词＋宾语从句”。 如： I wonder if you will be available tomorrow. 我想知道明天你是否有空。 The teacher is content with what he did. 老师对他所做的很满意。 I am afraid that I can't pass the driving test. 我恐怕不能通过这个驾照测试 知识点二　宾语从句的注意事项 1. 连接词 (1)that连接的宾语从句中，that只起连接作用，可省略。 如： He said (that) he liked watching TV this evening. 他说他今天晚上喜欢看电视。 (2)if/whether连接的宾语从句中，if/whether意为“是否”，若句中有or not只能用whether。 如： I wonder if/whether you can give me a hand. 我想知道你是否能帮我一下。 I don't know whether he has been to the Great Wall or not. 我不知道他是否去过长城。 (3)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，特殊疑问词有自己的意思，且在从句中充当一定的成分，不可省略。 如： He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。(when在从句中作时间状语) Do you know what he is doing? 你知道他正在干什么吗？(what在从句中作宾语) 2. 语序 宾语从句用陈述句语序，即“主语＋谓语＋其他”。 如： Do you know who he is？你知道他是谁吗？ 3. 时态 宾语从句的时态取决于主句。 (1)主句是现在的时态，从句的时态根据实际情况而定。 如： I want to know what they are going to do tomorrow. 我想知道他们明天要做什么。 (2)主句是过去的时态，从句的时态要变为相对应的过去的时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一般将来时改为过去将来时，一般过去时改为过去完成时，现在完成时改为过去完成时，过去完成时不变。 如： I thought that he had finished his homework. 我认为他已经完成了他的作业。 注 主句是过去的时态，若从句的内容是客观事实，从句的时态不变。 如： He said that the sea is blue. 他说大海是蓝色的。 知识点三　宾语从句的一些特殊用法 1. 在某些情况下，主句＋疑问词引导的宾语从句＝主句＋疑问词＋to do＋其他。 如： Can you tell me how I can use the machine? ＝Can you tell me how to use the machine? 你能告诉我怎样使用这台机器吗 2. 在“主谓宾＋adj./n.作宾补结构中”如果一句话中宾语从句很长，可以用it作为形式宾语，以免句子结构松散。此结构中的谓语动词通常有think、 find、 believe等。 如： I think it our duty that we protect the earth. 我认为保护好地球是我们的责任。 We believe it important that all the students help each other in study. 我们认为同学之间学习上互相帮助很重要。 3. 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think、 believe、 suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中。这种句型的反义疑问部分是对从句提问。 如： We think that they are from America, aren't they? 我们认为他们来自美国，是不是？ We don't think that they are from America, are they? 我们认为他们并非来自日本，是不是？ 知识点四　表语从句的定义 用作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句的功能和表语一样，用来描述主语的身份、特征和状态等。其位置常位于系动词后。表语从句常由that、 whether、 because、 who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 when、 where、 why等引导。其基本结构为：“主语＋系动词＋引导词＋简单句”。 如： The thing is whom I should trust. 问题是我应该相信谁。 That's why my mother got angry with me. 那正是我妈妈对我生气的原因。 知识点五　表语从句用法举例 1. that引导表语从句时补充当成分，无含义，通常不省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。 如：The trouble is (that) I have lost my English book. 麻烦的是我把英语书弄丢了。 2. if不能引导表语从句，要用whether。 如：The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得看。 3. 连接代词who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which...可引导表语从句。 如：What I want to know is whose advice I should take today. 我想知道的是我今天该采纳谁的建议。 4. 连接副词when、 where、 why、 how...可引导表语从句。 如：That's why I agree to the original plan. 那就是我同意最初这个计划的原因。 注意：主语为名词reason时，表语从句用that引导，不用why。 如：The reason is that I missed the bus. 原因是我错过了公交车。 5. as if、 as though可引导表语从句(常用虚拟语气)。 如：The boy looks as if he were very hungry. 这个男孩看起来好像饿了。 模拟练习1： 1. At the end of the meeting, she asked me ________ I was interested in working for her in that field. A. that B. if C. what D. because 2. Excuse me, can you tell me ________ I can get to the shopping mall nearby? A. how B. why C. what D. where 3. I can't understand ________during the conference. A. what you mean B. you mean what C. what do you mean D. you what mean 4. I don't know ________ you like this movie so much. A. why B. what C. which D. who 5. I wonder ________ he will change his mind about marriage . A. what B. where C. whether D. which 课堂精练 演练 1. That is ________ Lu Xun once lived. A. that B. where C. what D. why 2. I don't know ________ they like the place or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 3. Did she tell you ________tonight？ A. where would she go B. would she go where C. where she would go D. where she will go 4. The little boy was told that the sun ________ in the east and ________ in the west. A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. is rising; setting D. was rising; setting 5. We don't know ________ their parents were before. A. why B. what C. that D. when 6. The reason why I failed is ________ I was too feared in the competition. A. because B. that C. for D. because of 7. Do you know ________ in a football team? A. how many players are there B. how many players is there C. how many players there are D. how many players there is 8. Excuse me, could you tell me ________？ A. when will they leave Chongqing B. when they will leave Chongqing C. when would they leave Chongqing D. when did they leave Chongqing 9. I don't think he can swim so well, ________？ A. do you B. don't you C. can he D. can't he 10. Do you know ________？ A. which room Betty lives in B. where does Betty live C. which floor does Betty live on D. which room Betty lives 课后反馈 演练 11. He asked ________. A. why had he to go alone B. why he had to go alone C. why has he to go alone D. why he has to go alone 12. She looked ________ she were ten years younger than before. A. that B. like C. as D. as though 13. They found ________ pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. A. it B. this C. that D. if 14. Could you tell me ________？ A. what the matter is with you B. what's the wrong with you C. what's the matter with you D. what was the trouble with you 15. —Tom, do you know ________？ —By working harder. A. how I can make my dream come true B. how can I make my dream come true C. when I can make my dream come true D. when can I make my dream come true 16. The grandpa showed the kid ________. A. how to fix B. what to fix the toy C. what he should fix the toy D. how he should fix the toy 17. —Do you know ________？ —I can't find her, either. A. who is she B. who she is C. where is she D. where she is 18. Do you know ________？ A. how much cost these apples B. how much these apples cost C. they cost how much D. how much do they cost 19. —Can you tell us ________？ —Nearly about 5 kilometers. A. how far is it from here to Xinhua Bookstore B. how far it is from here to Xinhua Bookstore C. how long does it take to get to Xinhua Bookstore D. how long it takes to get to Xinhua Bookstore 20. The girl wonders ________ she will get better grades, ________ she works harder. A. whether; whether B. if; whether C. if; if D. that; if 【定语从句】 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 定语从句最近三年是重庆春季高考的重点；关系代词以及关系副词的不同需要重点理解和巩固；定语从句和并列句的区别也是考察项。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　定语从句的定义 1. 在复合句中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数形式取决于先行词的人称的单复数。 如： The lady who is shaking hands with my father is a policewoman. 正在和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。(画线部分是一个定语从句，对the lady 进行解释说明，因此the lady 就是先行词。先行词是人且在定语从句中充当主语，所以引导词用关系代词who。先行词是单数，因此谓语动词就用单数形式) 知识点二　关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。 1. who、 that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。 如： That is the man who/that teaches us English. 那位就是教我们英语的那个人。(先行词是the man，在从句中充当主语，即the man teaches us English，用关系代词who/that。先行词是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式，反之亦然) 2. whom用来指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。 如： Mr. Black (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位布莱克先生是我的一位朋友。(先行词是Mr. Black，在从句中作met的宾语，即you met Mr. Black yesterday，引导词用关系代词whom，可省略) 3. whose 用来指人或物，表示“某人的，某物的”，只作定语。指物时，可以与of which互换。 如： Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen. 没有人想要这栋屋顶已倒塌了的房子。(先行词是the house，在从句中作roof的定语，即the house's roof has fallen，引导词用关系代词whose) 4. which、 that代替的先行词是指物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。 如： Chongqing is a city which/that has a history of 4,000 years. 重庆是一座具有四千年历史的城市。(先行词是a city，在从句中作主语，即a city has a history of 4,000 years，引导词用关系代词which/that) There are some films (which/that) I'd like to see. 那里有几部我想去看的电影。(先行词是some films，在从句中充当宾语，即I'd like to see some films，引导词用关系代词which/that，可省略) 5. that 和which都指物时，以下几种情况要用that，不能用which。 (1)先行词是all、 everything、 nothing、 something、 anything、 much、 little、 few等不定代词时。 如： That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 (2)先行词被序数词修饰时。 如： The first place that they visited in Chongqing is Ciqikou. 在重庆他们所参观的第一个地方是磁器口。 (3)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 如： This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过最好的一部。 (4)先行词被the very、 the only、 the just等修饰时。 如： Tom is the only boy that is from America. 汤姆是唯一一个来自美国的男孩。 (5)先行词既有人又有物时。 如： Do you know the things and persons that they talk about? 你知道他们谈论的人和事吗？ 知识点三　关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语，就用关系副词引导。关系副词when, where和why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构。 1. 关系副词when表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、 day、 hour、 year等。 如： October 1st, 1949 was the day when/on which the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。(the day 是先行词，在从句中充当时间状语，即the People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949，引导词用关系副词when) 2. 关系副词where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place、 room、 house、 street、 area等。 如： This is the place where/in which my mother was born. 这是我母亲出生的地方。(the place是先行词，在从句中充当地点状语，即my mother was born in the place，引导词用关系副词where) 3. 关系副词why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，常用在先行词the reason 后面。 如： I don't know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today. 我不知道她为什么今天看上去不愉快。(the reason 是先行词，在从句中充当原因状语，引导词用关系副词why). 模拟练习2： 1. This is the writer ________ name is known all over the world. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 2. The trees ________ we planted last year grow well. A. that B. who C. whose D. where 3. I will never forget the day ________we graduated from university. A. that B. which C. when D. where 4. This is the room ________ my grandfather was born. A. what B. whose C. whether D. where 5. People often like those clothes ________ can make them comfortable. A. when B. who C. that D. where 课堂精练 演练 1. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 2. The boy ________ father is a PE teacher is very clever. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 3. Do you know the young man ________ I am talking about? A. whom B. where C. whose D. which 4. My younger sister likes the stories ________ were written by Mark Twain because they are very interesting and funny. A. which B. who C. whose D. why 5. The thief handed in everything ________he had stolen to the policeman. A. what B. who C. that D. where 6. It is the best museum ________ I have ever been to. A. where B. that C. when D. who 7. This is the tall building ________ a fire broke out last year. A. where B. which C. that D. who 8. I still remember the day ________I first came to the school. A. when B. that C. where D. what 9. The river ________ runs through our hometown is polluted. A. who B. when C. where D. which 10. Could you let me know the reason ________ he didn't show up? A. why B. that C. because D. for 课后反馈 演练 11.Great changes have taken place in our country in the past years. Everything _________comes into sight has different meanings. A. that B. which C. what D. as 12.Shakespeare (莎士比亚) is a great writer _________ is considered as a genius at his time. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 13.Do you know the man _________ saved the couple in the accident? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 14.What are you looking for? I'm looking for the novel _________ I bought the other day. A. that B. which C. （可省略） D. all of the above 15.The first thing _________ I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to my friend. A. which B. who C. what D. that 16.The museum _________ we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. which B. who C. what D. that 17.I can never forget the day _________ we worked together in Junior school and the day _________ we spent together there. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. that; what 18.Do you know the girls _________ are dancing over there? A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 19.The letter is from my young sister _________ is working abroad. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 20.What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _________ tastes sweet. A. who B. what C. whom D. that 21.He talked a lot about things and persons _________ he remembered in university. A. which B. that C. who D. what 22. I want to visit a place _________ is famous for its natural beauty. A. which B. where C. what D. who 23.The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _________ I have ever read during school. A. that B. which C. what D. as 24.According to a recent study, adults _________ often do housework might stay healthier into old age than those who don’t. A. which B. where C. who D. what 25.The girl _________ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married as the local custom. A. which B. where C. who D. what 26. Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV? Sure. It’s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public and aware the importance of reading. A. which B. that C. what D. whose 27. Is this the factory_________ you visited last year? A. which B. that C. both of the above 28. I still remember all the stories and characters _________ my grandma told me those tough days. A. which B. that C. both of the above 29.The only thing _________ can help you is working and forgetting. A. which B. that C. what D. as 30.The coat _________ my father bought for me cost 700 yuan. A. that B. which C. all the above D. （可省略） 31.Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _________ too strict with them. A. who is B. who are C. that are D. which are 32. Have you found the information about famous writers_________ you can use for the essay? A. that B. which C. （可省略） D. all the above 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 2 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第11讲单项选择之名词性从句和定语从句部分重点难点 【名词性从句】 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 名词性从句包含主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。主要考察的内容是宾语从句和表语从句。 对于名词性从句的引导词中，what以及that, what以及which的区别更是需要理解性掌握的内容。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　宾语从句的定义 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。其基本结构为“主句＋连接词＋宾语从句”。 如： I wonder if you will be available tomorrow. 我想知道明天你是否有空。 The teacher is content with what he did. 老师对他所做的很满意。 I am afraid that I can't pass the driving test. 我恐怕不能通过这个驾照测试 知识点二　宾语从句的注意事项 1. 连接词 (1)that连接的宾语从句中，that只起连接作用，可省略。 如： He said (that) he liked watching TV this evening. 他说他今天晚上喜欢看电视。 (2)if/whether连接的宾语从句中，if/whether意为“是否”，若句中有or not只能用whether。 如： I wonder if/whether you can give me a hand. 我想知道你是否能帮我一下。 I don't know whether he has been to the Great Wall or not. 我不知道他是否去过长城。 (3)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，特殊疑问词有自己的意思，且在从句中充当一定的成分，不可省略。 如： He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。(when在从句中作时间状语) Do you know what he is doing? 你知道他正在干什么吗？(what在从句中作宾语) 2. 语序 宾语从句用陈述句语序，即“主语＋谓语＋其他”。 如： Do you know who he is？你知道他是谁吗？ 3. 时态 宾语从句的时态取决于主句。 (1)主句是现在的时态，从句的时态根据实际情况而定。 如： I want to know what they are going to do tomorrow. 我想知道他们明天要做什么。 (2)主句是过去的时态，从句的时态要变为相对应的过去的时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一般将来时改为过去将来时，一般过去时改为过去完成时，现在完成时改为过去完成时，过去完成时不变。 如： I thought that he had finished his homework. 我认为他已经完成了他的作业。 注 主句是过去的时态，若从句的内容是客观事实，从句的时态不变。 如： He said that the sea is blue. 他说大海是蓝色的。 知识点三　宾语从句的一些特殊用法 1. 在某些情况下，主句＋疑问词引导的宾语从句＝主句＋疑问词＋to do＋其他。 如： Can you tell me how I can use the machine? ＝Can you tell me how to use the machine? 你能告诉我怎样使用这台机器吗 2. 在“主谓宾＋adj./n.作宾补结构中”如果一句话中宾语从句很长，可以用it作为形式宾语，以免句子结构松散。此结构中的谓语动词通常有think、 find、 believe等。 如： I think it our duty that we protect the earth. 我认为保护好地球是我们的责任。 We believe it important that all the students help each other in study. 我们认为同学之间学习上互相帮助很重要。 3. 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think、 believe、 suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中。这种句型的反义疑问部分是对从句提问。 如： We think that they are from America, aren't they? 我们认为他们来自美国，是不是？ We don't think that they are from America, are they? 我们认为他们并非来自日本，是不是？ 知识点四　表语从句的定义 用作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句的功能和表语一样，用来描述主语的身份、特征和状态等。其位置常位于系动词后。表语从句常由that、 whether、 because、 who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which、 when、 where、 why等引导。其基本结构为：“主语＋系动词＋引导词＋简单句”。 如： The thing is whom I should trust. 问题是我应该相信谁。 That's why my mother got angry with me. 那正是我妈妈对我生气的原因。 知识点五　表语从句用法举例 1. that引导表语从句时补充当成分，无含义，通常不省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。 如：The trouble is (that) I have lost my English book. 麻烦的是我把英语书弄丢了。 2. if不能引导表语从句，要用whether。 如：The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得看。 3. 连接代词who、 whom、 whose、 what、 which...可引导表语从句。 如：What I want to know is whose advice I should take today. 我想知道的是我今天该采纳谁的建议。 4. 连接副词when、 where、 why、 how...可引导表语从句。 如：That's why I agree to the original plan. 那就是我同意最初这个计划的原因。 注意：主语为名词reason时，表语从句用that引导，不用why。 如：The reason is that I missed the bus. 原因是我错过了公交车。 5. as if、 as though可引导表语从句(常用虚拟语气)。 如：The boy looks as if he were very hungry. 这个男孩看起来好像饿了。 模拟练习1： 1. At the end of the meeting, she asked me ________ I was interested in working for her in that field. A. that B. if C. what D. because 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意：“在会议的最后，她问我是否有兴趣在那个领域为她工作。”if意为“是否”。 2. Excuse me, can you tell me ________ I can get to the shopping mall nearby? A. how B. why C. what D. where 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“打扰了，你能告诉我怎么去附近的购物中心吗？” 3. I can't understand ________during the conference. A. what you mean B. you mean what C. what do you mean D. you what mean 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我不太明白你的意思是什么。”I是主语， can't understand是谓语，缺宾语。根据规则，第一步看连接词，排除B、D两项；第二步看语序，排除C项。 4. I don't know ________ you like this movie so much. A. why B. what C. which D. who 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：　句意：“我不知道你为什么这么喜欢这部电影。 5. I wonder ________ he will change his mind about marriage . A. what B. where C. whether D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：句意：“我想知道他是否会改变婚姻的主意。”whether意为“是否”，连接陈述句作宾语从句。 课堂精练 演练 1. That is ________ Lu Xun once lived. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 分析句子可知本题考查表语从句的引导词，根据“once lived”可知表示地点，用where引导表语从句。 2. I don't know ________ they like the place or not. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】句意: “我不知道他们是否会喜欢这个地方。”whether和if都意为“是否”，但是if不能和or not连用。 3. Did she tell you ________tonight？ A. where would she go B. would she go where C. where she would go D. where she will go 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】句意: 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、B两项。主句为过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态。 4. The little boy was told that the sun ________ in the east and ________ in the west. A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. is rising; setting D. was rising; setting 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: “小男孩被告知太阳东升西落。”表示自然现象的句子都使用一般现在时态，不受主句时态的影响。 5. We don't know ________ their parents were before. A. why B. what C. that D. when 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: “我们不知道他们的父母以前是干什么的。”对职业提问用what 6. The reason why I failed is ________ I was too feared in the competition. A. because B. that C. for D. because of 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 分析句子可知本句是一个表语从句。从句不缺句子成分，所以用that来引导。 7. Do you know ________ in a football team? A. how many players are there B. how many players is there C. how many players there are D. how many players there is 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】句意: 宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A、B两项。根据句意可知答案。 8. Excuse me, could you tell me ________？ A. when will they leave Chongqing B. when they will leave Chongqing C. when would they leave Chongqing D. when did they leave Chongqing 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 第一步看连接词。第二步看语序，排除A、C、D三项。 9. I don't think he can swim so well, ________？ A. do you B. don't you C. can he D. can't he 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】句意: 本题考查“I/we think＋宾语从句”的反义疑问句，这种结构中的反义疑问部分是对从句提问。 10. Do you know ________？ A. which room Betty lives in B. where does Betty live C. which floor does Betty live on D. which room Betty lives 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：know 后面接一个宾语从句，live 是不及物动词，后接宾语时，需要在live后加上相应的介词 in。 课后反馈 演练 11. He asked ________. A. why had he to go alone B. why he had to go alone C. why has he to go alone D. why he has to go alone 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 第一步看主句的时态是过去时，排除C、D两项；第二步看语序，排除A。 12. She looked ________ she were ten years younger than before. A. that B. like C. as D. as though 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】句意: 本题考查表语从句。句意：“她看起来好像年轻了十岁。” 13. They found ________ pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. A. it B. this C. that D. if 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：it是形式宾语，代替后面真正的宾语“that they worked with us Chinese”。 14. Could you tell me ________？ A. what the matter is with you B. what's the wrong with you C. what's the matter with you D. what was the trouble with you 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】句意: What's the matter、What's wrong、What's the trouble、What happened等句子作宾语从句时，语序不变。 15. —Tom, do you know ________？ —By working harder. A. how I can make my dream come true B. how can I make my dream come true C. when I can make my dream come true D. when can I make my dream come true 【答案】 A 【解析】 【详解】句意：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。根据答语“By working harder”，可知答案选A。 16. The grandpa showed the kid ________. A. how to fix B. what to fix the toy C. what he should fix the toy D. how he should fix the toy 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】句意: fix后有宾语时，不能用连词what，反之需用what连接，根据此规则排除A、B、C三项。 17. —Do you know ________？ —I can't find her, either. A. who is she B. who she is C. where is she D. where she is 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】句意: 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C两项；根据答语“I can't find her, either”，可知答案。 18. Do you know ________？ A. how much cost these apples B. how much these apples cost C. they cost how much D. how much do they cost 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 宾语从句的结构为“连接词＋陈述句语序”。 19. —Can you tell us ________？ —Nearly about 5 kilometers. A. how far is it from here to Xinhua Bookstore B. how far it is from here to Xinhua Bookstore C. how long does it take to get to Xinhua Bookstore D. how long it takes to get to Xinhua Bookstore 【答案】 B 【解析】 【详解】句意: 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C两项；根据答语“About 5 kilometers”，可知询问的是距离，应用how far 提问。 20. The girl wonders ________ she will get better grades, ________ she works harder. A. whether; whether B. if; whether C. if; if D. that; if 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】句意: if既可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”；也可以引导状语从句，表示“如果”。句意：“女孩想知道如果她努力学习的话，是否会取得更好的成绩。” 【定语从句】 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 定语从句最近三年是重庆春季高考的重点；关系代词以及关系副词的不同需要重点理解和巩固；定语从句和并列句的区别也是考察项。 【要点梳理】 知识点一　定语从句的定义 1. 在复合句中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数形式取决于先行词的人称的单复数。 如： The lady who is shaking hands with my father is a policewoman. 正在和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。(画线部分是一个定语从句，对the lady 进行解释说明，因此the lady 就是先行词。先行词是人且在定语从句中充当主语，所以引导词用关系代词who。先行词是单数，因此谓语动词就用单数形式) 知识点二　关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。 1. who、 that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。 如： That is the man who/that teaches us English. 那位就是教我们英语的那个人。(先行词是the man，在从句中充当主语，即the man teaches us English，用关系代词who/that。先行词是单数，谓语动词就用单数形式，反之亦然) 2. whom用来指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。 如： Mr. Black (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位布莱克先生是我的一位朋友。(先行词是Mr. Black，在从句中作met的宾语，即you met Mr. Black yesterday，引导词用关系代词whom，可省略) 3. whose 用来指人或物，表示“某人的，某物的”，只作定语。指物时，可以与of which互换。 如： Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen. 没有人想要这栋屋顶已倒塌了的房子。(先行词是the house，在从句中作roof的定语，即the house's roof has fallen，引导词用关系代词whose) 4. which、 that代替的先行词是指物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。 如： Chongqing is a city which/that has a history of 4,000 years. 重庆是一座具有四千年历史的城市。(先行词是a city，在从句中作主语，即a city has a history of 4,000 years，引导词用关系代词which/that) There are some films (which/that) I'd like to see. 那里有几部我想去看的电影。(先行词是some films，在从句中充当宾语，即I'd like to see some films，引导词用关系代词which/that，可省略) 5. that 和which都指物时，以下几种情况要用that，不能用which。 (1)先行词是all、 everything、 nothing、 something、 anything、 much、 little、 few等不定代词时。 如： That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 (2)先行词被序数词修饰时。 如： The first place that they visited in Chongqing is Ciqikou. 在重庆他们所参观的第一个地方是磁器口。 (3)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 如： This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过最好的一部。 (4)先行词被the very、 the only、 the just等修饰时。 如： Tom is the only boy that is from America. 汤姆是唯一一个来自美国的男孩。 (5)先行词既有人又有物时。 如： Do you know the things and persons that they talk about? 你知道他们谈论的人和事吗？ 知识点三　关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语，就用关系副词引导。关系副词when, where和why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构。 1. 关系副词when表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time、 day、 hour、 year等。 如： October 1st, 1949 was the day when/on which the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。(the day 是先行词，在从句中充当时间状语，即the People's Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949，引导词用关系副词when) 2. 关系副词where表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place、 room、 house、 street、 area等。 如： This is the place where/in which my mother was born. 这是我母亲出生的地方。(the place是先行词，在从句中充当地点状语，即my mother was born in the place，引导词用关系副词where) 3. 关系副词why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，常用在先行词the reason 后面。 如： I don't know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today. 我不知道她为什么今天看上去不愉快。(the reason 是先行词，在从句中充当原因状语，引导词用关系副词why). 模拟练习2： 1. This is the writer ________ name is known all over the world. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：“这就是那位全世界闻名的作家。”the scientist是先行词，在定语从句中作name的定语，即the writer's name is known all over the world，用关系代词whose。 2. The trees ________ we planted last year grow well. A. that B. who C. whose D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我们去年种的树长得很好。”the flowers是先行词，在定语从句中作宾语，即we planted the flowers last year，用关系代词that/which。 3. I will never forget the day ________we graduated from university. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我永远不会忘记我们大学毕业的那天。”先行词是the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，即we graduated on the day，引导词用关系副词when。 4. This is the room ________ my grandfather was born. A. what B. whose C. whether D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：先行词是the room，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 5. People often like those clothes ________ can make them comfortable. A. when B. who C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：“人们常常喜欢那些穿着让人舒服的衣服。”先行词是those clothes，在定语从句中作主语，即those clothes can make them comfortable，故用关系代词that/which引导。 课堂精练 演练 1. The foreigner ________ visited our school is from Canada. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：“那个参观我们学校的外国人来自加拿大。”先行词是the foreigner, 在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用who/that。 2. The boy ________ father is a PE teacher is very clever. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：“那个父亲是一位体育老师的男孩很聪明。”先行词是the boy，在定语从句中作father的定语，关系代词用whose。 3. Do you know the young man ________ I am talking about? A. whom B. where C. whose D. which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“你认识我正在谈论的那个人吗？”先行词是the man，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用whom/that。 4. My younger sister likes the stories ________ were written by Mark Twain because they are very interesting and funny. A. which B. who C. whose D. why 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我妹妹喜欢马克·吐温写的故事，因为那些故事非常有趣。”先行词是the stories，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which/that。 5. The thief handed in everything ________he had stolen to the policeman. A. what B. who C. that D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：“小偷把他所偷的所有东西上交给了警察。”先行词是everything，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用that。 6. It is the best museum ________ I have ever been to. A. where B. that C. when D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：“这是我去过的最好的博物馆。”先行词是museum，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词用that。 7. This is the tall building ________ a fire broke out last year. A. where B. which C. that D. who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“这就是去年火灾发生的那栋高楼。”先行词是the tall building，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系代词用where。 8. I still remember the day ________I first came to the school. A. when B. that C. where D. what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“我仍然记得我第一次来学校的那一天。”先行词是the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词用when。 9. The river ________ runs through our hometown is polluted. A. who B. when C. where D. which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：“流经我家乡的这条河被污染了。”先行词是the river，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用which/that。 10. Could you let me know the reason ________ he didn't show up? A. why B. that C. because D. for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：“你能让我知道他没出现的原因吗？”先行词是the reason，关系副词用why。 课后反馈 演练 11.Great changes have taken place in our country in the past years. Everything _________comes into sight has different meanings. A. that B. which C. what D. as 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “Everything”，属于不定代词，指物，在定语从句 “_________comes into sight” 中作主语，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词通常用 “that” 来引导定语从句，而不用 “which”，“what” 不能引导定语从句，“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语义和用法要求，不符合此处语境，所以选 A。 12.Shakespeare (莎士比亚) is a great writer _________ is considered as a genius at his time. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “a great writer”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ is considered as a genius at his time.” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物，不符合先行词指人的情况；“whom” 在定语从句中通常作宾语，不能作主语；“what” 不能引导定语从句。而 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语，所以选 B。 13.Do you know the man _________ saved the couple in the accident? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the man”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ saved the couple in the accident” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物，不符合要求；“whom” 通常作宾语，不符合此处作主语的情况；“who” 和 “that” 都可用于指人作主语引导定语从句，本题选项中只有 “that”，所以选 D。 14.What are you looking for? I'm looking for the novel _________ I bought the other day. A. that B. which C. （可省略） D. all of the above 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the novel”，指物，在定语从句 “_________ I bought the other day” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用 “that”“which”，同时也可以省略，所以 A、B、C 选项都是正确的，综合起来选 D，表示以上选项都符合要求。 15.The first thing _________ I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to my friend. A. which B. who C. what D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “The first thing”，被序数词 “first” 修饰，在定语从句 “_________ I'm going to do” 中作宾语。当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时，关系代词通常用 “that”，不用 “which”；“who” 用于指人；“what” 不能引导定语从句，所以选 D。 16.The museum _________ we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. which B. who C. what D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “The museum”，指物，在定语从句 “_________ we'll visit next week” 中作宾语。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且先行词指物时，可以用 “that”“which”，也可省略，但本题选项中只有 “that” 符合语法要求，所以选 D。“who” 用于指人；“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合此处语法规则。 17.I can never forget the day _________ we worked together in Junior school and the day _________ we spent together there. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. that; what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】对于第一个空，先行词是 “the day”，在定语从句 “we worked together” 中，“the day” 作时间状语，用来表示工作的时间，此时关系副词要用 “when”，引导定语从句对先行词 “the day” 进行修饰限定；对于第二个空，先行词同样是 “the day”，但在定语从句 “we spent together” 中，“the day” 作宾语，即 “spent” 这个动作的对象，关系代词要用 “which” 或者 “that”。所以综合起来选择 A 选项。“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合此处语法要求，故排除 C、D 选项。 18.Do you know the girls _________ are dancing over there? A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the girls”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ are dancing over there” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语；“which” 用于指物，不符合先行词指人的情况；“whom” 在定语从句中通常作宾语，不能作主语；“whose” 表示所属关系，在从句中作定语，不符合此处作主语的语法要求，所以选 A。 19.The letter is from my young sister _________ is working abroad. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “my sister”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ is working abroad” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物，不符合要求；“who” 和 “that” 都可用于指人作主语引导定语从句，本题选项中只有 “that”，所以选 D。“whom” 通常作宾语，不符合此处作主语的情况。 20.What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _________ tastes sweet. A. who B. what C. whom D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是“fruit”，指物，在定语从句 “_________ tastes sweet” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 和 “that” 都可用于指物且作主语引导定语从句，所以 D 选项都符合要求。“who” 用于指人，不符合先行词指物的情况；“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合语法规则。 21.He talked a lot about things and persons _________ he remembered in university. A. which B. that C. who D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】先行词既包含 “things”（物）又包含 “persons”（人），当先行词既有人又有物时，在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常用 “that”，它可以指代多种不同性质的先行词，引导定语从句对其进行修饰限定。“which” 主要用于指物作主语或宾语等情况；“who” 只用于指人作主语或宾语（多作主语）；“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合语法规则，所以选 B。 22. I want to visit a place _________ is famous for its natural beauty. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “a place”，指物，在定语从句 “_________ is famous for its natural beauty. ” 中作主语。关系代词 “which” 用于指物且可在定语从句中作主语，符合此处语法要求；“where” 在定语从句中通常作地点状语，不符合作主语的情况；“what” 不能引导定语从句；“who” 用于指人，不符合先行词指物的情况，所以选 A。 23.The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _________ I have ever read during school. A. that B. which C. what D. as 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the most touching books”，指物，且先行词被最高级 “the most touching” 修饰，在这种情况下，关系代词只能用 “that” 来引导定语从句，不能用 “which” 等其他关系代词，“what” 不能引导定语从句，“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语义和用法要求，不符合此处语境，所以选 A。 24.According to a recent study, adults _________ often do housework might stay healthier into old age than those who don’t. A. which B. where C. who D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 先行词是 “adults”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ often do housework” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语，符合语法要求；“which” 用于指物，不符合先行词指人的情况；“where” 在定语从句中作地点状语，不符合作主语的情况；“what” 不能引导定语从句，所以选 C。25.The girl _________ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married as the local custom. A. which B. where C. who D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “The girl”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ catches the flowers on a wedding” 中作主语。关系代词 “who” 用于指人且可在定语从句中作主语，符合此处语法要求；“which” 用于指物，不符合先行词指人的情况；“where” 在定语从句中作地点状语，不符合作主语的情况；“what” 不能引导定语从句，所以选 C。 26. Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV? Sure. It’s a great TV program _________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public and aware the importance of reading. A. which B. that C. what D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “a great TV program”，关系词在定语从句中做 “purpose” 的定语，表示所属关系，即 “这个电视节目的目的”，这种情况下要用关系代词 “whose” 来引导定语从句，“which”“that” 主要是在从句中作主语、宾语等成分；“what” 不能引导定语从句，所以选 D。 27. Is this the factory_________ you visited last year? A. which B. that C. both of the above 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the factory”，指物，在定语从句 “you visited last year” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用 “that”“which”，同时也可以省略，所以 A、B、选项都是正确的，综合起来选 C，表示以上选项都符合要求。 28. I still remember all the stories and characters _________ my grandma told me those tough days. A. which B. that C. both of the above 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】解析：先行词是 “all the stories and characters ”，指物，在定语从句 “my grandma told me” 中作宾语。当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用 “that”“which”，同时也可以省略，所以 A、B选项都是正确的，综合起来选 C，表示以上选项都符合要求。 29.The only thing _________ can help you is working and forgetting. A. which B. that C. what D. as 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “The only thing”，被 “the only” 修饰，在定语从句 “_________ can help you” 中作主语。当先行词被 “the only”“the very” 等限定词修饰时，关系代词通常用 “that” 来引导定语从句，不能用 “which” 等其他关系代词，“what” 不能引导定语从句，“as” 引导定语从句时有其特定的语境。 30.The coat _________ my father bought for me cost 700 yuan. A. that B. which C. all the above D. （可省略） 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “The coat”，指物，在定语从句 “my father bought for me” 中作宾语，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用 “that”“which”，同时也可以省略，所以 C 选项都是正确的。“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合此处语法规则。 31.Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _________ too strict with them. A. who is B. who are C. that are D. which are 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the teachers”，指人，在定语从句 “_________ strict with them” 中作主语，“be too strict with” 是固定搭配，这里先行词是复数形式，所以从句中的谓语动词也要用复数形式 “are”。关系代词 “who” 和 “that” 都可以用于指人作主语引导定语从句，但结合谓语动词的单复数情况，“that are” 符合语法要求，所以选 C。“which” 通常用于先行词指物的情况，不符合此处先行词指人的语境。 32. Have you found the information about famous writers_________ you can use for the essay? A. that B. which C. （可省略） D. all the above 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】先行词是 “the information”，指物，在定语从句 “you can use for the essay” 中作宾语，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以用 “that”“which”，同时也可以省略，所以 D 选项都是正确的。“what” 不能引导定语从句，不符合此处语法规则。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 20 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$