【春考特训课】第09讲：单项选择之非谓语动词部分重点难点-【决胜春考】2025春季高考英语冲刺总复习（重庆专用）

第09讲：单项选择之非谓语动词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别以及非谓语中不定式都是考察重点。 知识点一　非谓语动词的定义 在句中不作谓语的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词。 知识点二 不定式 动词不定式由不定式符号to后加动词原形构成，肯定结构为to do，否定结构为not to do。 动词不定式可以有自己的宾语、状语等，与所带的宾语、状语等构成不定式短语，如to wash clothes、 to see him happy等。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 1. 不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语，强调不定式动词所表达的行为过程，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： To keep healthy is very important to us. 保持健康对我们很重要。(强调保持健康的行为) To learn English well is not that easy. 学好英语不那么容易。(强调学习这一行为) (2)在“主语＋连系动词＋表语”结构中，如果主语是不定式(短语)，不定式常置于表语之后，主语位置用形式主语it代替，以避免“头重脚轻”。常见结构为“It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of＋sb.) to do sth.” 其中sb.是不定式的逻辑主语，即不定式动作的执行者。 如： To keep healthy is very important.→It is very important to keep healthy． To learn English well is not easy.→It is not easy to learn English well． It is necessary for us to have good habits. 我们有必要养成好习惯。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 注 以下两种句型的区别。 句型 意义 常用形容词 例句 It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 意为“某人做某事怎么样”，强调做的事情和形容词之间的关系 easy、 difficult、 hard、 important、 possible、 necessary、 interesting It's easy for him to finish these exercises. 他完成这些练习很容易。 It's important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。 2. 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语时，短语结构为“谓语动词＋to do sth.”。下面这些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语：agree(同意)、 ask(要求)、 beg(请求)、 choose(选择)、 demand(要求)、 decide(决定)、 expect(期待)、 happen(碰巧)、 hope(希望)、 manage(设法)、 plan(计划)、 prepare(准备)、 pretend(假装)、 prove(证明)、 promise(答应)、 refuse(拒绝)、 want(想要)、 wish(希望)、 would like(想要)等。 如： We wish to finish the work as soon as possible. 我们希望尽快完成这项工作。 I happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上碰巧遇到了他。 注 在“主谓宾＋形容词/名词作宾语补足语”句型中，宾语若是不定式，常把宾语置于宾语补足语之后，句型结构为“主谓＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词/名词)＋to do sth.”。 如： I think it easy to get along well with him. 我认为跟他相处融洽是很容易的。 He found it impossible to finish the task in such short time. 他发现在这么短的时间内完成这项任务是不可能的。 模拟练习1 (　)1. I want ________ a glass of water. A. to have B. have C. having D. has (　　)2. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. finish (　　)3. Would you like ________ some coffee or tea? A. to drink B. drinking C. drink D. drunk (　　)4. The Smiths have decided ________ to Sanya for the winter vacation. A. going B. are going C. gone D. to go (　　)5. —Mary, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ________ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered 3. 不定式作表语 不定式作表语时，句型结构为“主语＋be＋to do sth.”。不定式作表语可用来补充说明主语的内容。 如： My dream is to become an excellent engineer. 我的梦想是成为一名优秀的工程师。 Her job is to look after children. 她的工作是照看小孩。 4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，短语结构为“名词/代词＋to do sth.”，不定式动作通常没发生，不定式动词与被修饰的名词或代词之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系 如： I'd like something to drink. 我想要一些喝的东西。 (东西还没喝到，something是drink的逻辑宾语) Could you please give me a piece of paper to write on? 你可以给我一张纸写字吗？ (还没有写，a piece of paper是write on的逻辑宾语) 5. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时，句型结构为“谓语动词＋宾语＋to do sth.”。不定式用来补充说明宾语做什么。下面这些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语补足语：advise(建议)、 allow(允许)、ask(要求)、encourage(鼓励)、expect(期待)、force(迫使)、get(让)、invite(邀请)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、would like(想要)、help(帮助)、have(让)、let(让)、make(让)、find(发现)、hear(听见)、notice(注意)、see(看见)、watch(观看)等。 如： My parents don't allow me to get home late at night. 我父母不允许我晚上很晚回家。 注 help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。make、 let、 have是使役动词，find、 feel、 look at、 see、 watch、 hear、 listen to、 smell、 notice是感官动词。使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语省略to；它们后的不定式作主语补足语，即这类动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式要带to。使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语，强调不定式动作从开始到结束的全过程。 6. 不定式作状语 不定式可作原因状语、目的状语和结果状语。常见的句型结构如下： (1)在“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型中，不定式作原因状语。 如： I'm glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(高兴是因为见到了你) He was very sad to miss the train. 错过了火车，他很难过。(难过是因为错过了火车)(2)不定式作目的状语时，可在不定式符号to前加上in order或so as，通常位于谓语(＋宾语)之后，或放在句首。 如： I must study hard (so as) to get a good job. 为了能找到一份好工作，我必须努力学习。 In order to keep energetic in class, we should go to bed on time. 为了在课堂上保持精力充沛，我们应该按时睡觉。 (2)不定式作目的状语时，可在不定式符号to前加上in order或so as，通常位于谓语(＋宾语)之后，或放在句首。 (3)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth. (太……而不能做……)”和“adj./adv.＋enough＋to do sth. (足够……能做……)”结构中的不定式作结果状语。 如： The boy is too young to go to school alone. 这男孩年纪太小了(结果)不能自己上学。 He ran fast enough to catch up with us. 他跑得足够快(结果)赶上了我们。 It is too long a journey for you to make alone. 行程实在是太远，(结果)你一个人去不行。 7. 带疑问词的不定式 带疑问词的不定式结构为“疑问词＋to do sth.”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。连词whether也可与不定式连用，构成 whether to do sth. (or not)(是否做某事)。 如： I haven't decided what to do next. 我还没决定接下来做什么。(作宾语) The problem is how to get there on time. 问题是怎样准时到达那里。(作表语) Whether to tell the truth is up to you. 是否说实话取决于你。(作主语) 8. 复合不定式 复合不定式结构为“for＋sb.(宾格)＋to do sth.”，该结构指出了不定式动作由sb.来完成。 如： The room is big enough for us to dance in. 这个房间足够大，我们可以在里面跳舞。 He spoke slowly enough for everybody to hear clearly. 他说得很慢，大家都能听清楚。 9. 省略to的不定式 (1)含do的词组或句子作主语时，作表语的不定式在口语中可省略to。 如： All we do is (to) sleep well. 我们所做的一切都是为了睡好觉。 Doing washing is (to) keep ourselves clean. 洗衣服就是为了使我们自己保持干净。 (2)介词but、 except、 besides之前有行为动词do的各种形式时，其后的不定式作宾语不带to，否则要带to。 如： He did nothing but watch TV last night. 昨晚除了看电视，他什么都没做。 We have no other choice but to stay here. 除了待在这里，我们别无选择。 (3)使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语省略to。 如： Let's go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 The teacher made us copy the exercises again. 老师让我们又抄了一遍这些练习。 (4)下列短语或句型中的不定式省略to。 would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事？ Will/Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你(不要)做某事，好吗？ (5)情态动词后跟动词原形(ought除外)。 10. to作介词 to既可作不定式符号，也可作介词。to为不定式符号时，后跟动词原形，即to do; to为介词时，后跟动名词，即to doing。下列短语中的to后跟动名词。 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事　　 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 知识点三　动名词 动名词是在动词后加ing构成，动名词的构成规则与动词现在分词的构成规则相同。动名词也有自己的时态和语态。 动名词(短语)具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示抽象、泛指的动作。句型结构为“Doing sth.＋谓语……”。“Doing sth.＋be＋名词/形容词”结构中，通常把动名词短语后置，句型结构为“It＋be＋名词/形容词＋动名词短语”。该结构中常见的名词或形容词有use、 fun、 good、 nice、 useful等。 如： Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. →It is bad for our eyes reading in the sun. 在太阳底下看书对我们的眼睛有害。 Only speaking but not doing is no use. →It's no use only speaking but not doing. 只说不做没有用。 模拟练习2 (　　)1. ________is believing is his philosophy. A. See B. Seeing C. Sees D. Saw (　　)2. It is no good ________. You'd better ________ it up earlier. A. smoke; giving B. to smoke; to give C. smoking; give D. to smoke; give (　　)3. ________ much exercise everyday is good for our health. A. Do B. To do C. Doing D. Does (　　)4. It is a waste of time ________ computer games before the final exam. A. playing B. to play C. plays D. played (　　)5. His not ________ back in time made them very disappointed. A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 2. 动名词作宾语 (1)动名词短语可放在介词或有些动词后作宾语，句型结构为“主语＋谓语＋doing sth.”。后可跟动名词作宾语的常见动词(短语)有advise(建议)、 allow(允许)、 avoid(避免)、 consider(考虑)、 dislike(不喜欢)、 enjoy(喜欢)、 fancy(想象)、 finish(完成)、 imagine(设想)、 keep(保持)、 mind(介意)、 practise(练习)、 risk(冒险)、 suggest(建议)、 be busy(忙于)、 be worth(值得)、 can't help(忍不住)、 feel like(想要)、 give up(放弃)、 have trouble/difficulty (in)(做……有麻烦/困难)等。 如： Would you mind speaking more slowly in class? 你介意课上说慢点吗？ The boy enjoys listening to music in the morning. 这个男孩喜欢早上听音乐。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得看。 He was punished for not telling the truth. 因为没有说实话，他受到了惩罚。 (2)下列动词(短语)后既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但意义大多不同，请注意区别。 动词短语 意义 like/love/hate/prefer doing sth. 表示习惯性的、一般性的动作，动名词所表示的动作不一定是主语本身的动作， 也可能是他人所发生的动作 like/love/hate/prefer to do sth. 通常表示某一次具体的动作，不定式所表示的动作通常是句中主语本身的动作 prefer doing A to doing B 与B相比，更喜欢做A prefer to do A rather than do B remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事，表示事情已经发生了 remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘记要做某事，表示事情还没有发生 stop doing sth. 停止做(正在做的)某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 continue/go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 continue/go on to do sth. (做完一件事后)继续做另一件事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力做某事 want/need/require doing sth. 表示被动意义，相当于 want/need/require to be done want/need/require to do sth. 想/需要/要求做某事，表示主动意义 regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔 regret to do sth. 对尚未做的事表示遗憾 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算、有意要做某事 模拟练习3 (　　)1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ beside a big rock by the side of the road. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest (　　)2. Would you mind ________ us something about your life? A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. to be told (　　)3. Tom spends much money________ textbooks on study. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. buy (　 )4. It is too hot. Flowers need ________ every day. A. to water B. water C. watered D. watering 3. 动名词作表语 动名词作表语单纯用来补充说明主语的内容，与不定式作表语的用法相同。 如： Her job is about washing, cleaning and looking after the children. 她的工作是洗衣服、打扫卫生和带孩子 4. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语用来说明所修饰的名词的功能及用途，如a reading room一个阅览室(这个房间是用来看书的)、 a swimming pool一个游泳池(这个池子是用来游泳的)、a writing book一本写作书(这本书是用来帮助训练写作的)等。 知识点四　分词 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词无时态和语态的变化，现在分词有时态和语态的变化。 分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1. 分词作表语 分词作表语主要说明主语的性质或所处的状态。现在分词通常与物连用，过去分词通常与人连用。 如： The match was so exciting that they were too excited to fall asleep. 这场比赛如此令人激动，以至于他们过于兴奋而睡不着觉。 The game is interesting and children are interested in it. 这个游戏很有趣，孩子们对它非常感兴趣。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在做某事；过去分词作宾语补足语表示宾语跟宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。 如： I saw him watching a basketball game just now. 我刚才看见他正在看篮球赛。 My bike broke down. I had it repaired already. 自行车坏了，我已经把它拿去修理了。(自行车被别人修) 模拟练习4 (　　)1. I'm sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time. A. waiting B. to waited C. to wait D. to be waited (　)2. Can you hear someone ________ in the classroom? It is Mary. A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang (　)3. Open your heart, and you'll make yourself ________. A. know B. knowing C. known D. to know (　)4. I heard someone ________ at the door at eleven last night. A. knocking B. knocks C. to knock D. knocked 3. 分词作定语 分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前面，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰的名词后面。现在分词作定语表示被修饰的名词正在主动做某事；过去分词作定语表示被动或动作已完成，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的被动关系。 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳　 a girl wearing-shirt一个穿衬衫的女孩 a developing country一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家 the people invited to the party 受邀请参加聚会的 4. 分词作状语 分词(短语)可作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。分词的动作是由主句的主语发出或承受的。分词的动作由主句的主语发出，用现在分词；分词与主语有逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。分词(短语)作时间、原因、条件状语时，可改为相对应的状语从句。 如： Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.＝When he passed by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano. 经过房子时，他看见一个女孩正在弹钢琴。(现在分词短语作时间状语，可改写成when引导的时间状语从句。he与pass之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词。改为状语从句时，用主动语态) Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.＝If the park is seen from the hill, it looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，公园更漂亮。(过去分词短语作条件状语， park和see是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词seen。改为状语从句时，用被动语态) He left the meeting room, holding a cup in his hand. 他离开了会议室，手里拿着一个杯子。(伴随状语) 课后反馈 演练 ( )1. It's important ________ a foreign language these days. A. for us to learn B. of us to learn C. for us learning D. our learning ( )2. My mum enjoys ________ for the family on weekends. A. cook B. to cook C. cooked D. cooking ( )3. Finally she decided ________ in the London School of Economics. A. to study B. studying C. studied D. study ( )4. The teacher asked me ________ the question in English. A. to answer B. answer C. answering D. answered ( )5. Mr. Smith says he wants ________ in the countryside with his grandma next year. A. live B. to live C. living D. lived (　　)6. He doesn't remember ________anything about the affair. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. talks (　　)7. It's nice ________ you ________ me find my lovely handbag. A. for; to help B. of; helping C. of; to help D. for; helping (　　)8. Jack is looking forward to ________ Mike. A. hear from B. hearing from C. heard from D. heard (　)9. ________ more trees can protect the environment. A. Planting B. Plant C. Planted D. Plants (　　)10. —Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It's well worth ________. It's so ________ that I was deeply ________ by the story. A. seeing; moving; moved B. to be seen; moved; moving C. seeing; moved; moving D. to be seen; moving; moved (　　)11. A ________ family is the best medicine. A. love B. to love C. loving D. loves (　　)12. —The light in the classroom is still on. —Oh, I forgot________. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off (　　)13. —I didn't hear you come in just now. —That's good. I tried ________ the baby up. A. not wake B. not waking C. not to wake D. to not wake (　　)14. He used to ________ his car to work. But now he goes to work by bike. A. drove B. driving C. drive D. to drive (　　)15. I don't mind ________ by train. A. travelling B. to travel C. travelled D. travel (　　)16. I saw Tom ________holes in the garden when I passed his house. A. digs B. digging C. to dig D. dug (　　)17. Mary decides________ hard to go to college. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied (　　)18. I know it's not important, but I can't help ________ about it. A. to think B. and think C. thinking D. being thought (　　)19. You had better ________ late at night. It's dangerous. A. not to play B. not play C. not playing D. not being played (　　)20. Look! Tom is doing some ________ in the reading room. A. reading B. to read C. reads D. read (　　)21. Our teacher asked us ________ to each other in class. A. not talk B. didn't talk C. don't talk D. not to talk (　　)22. —How about ________ this weekend? —Oh, that's a good idea! A. going fishing B. going to fish C. go fishing D. go to fish (　　)23. I'm hungry. Would you please give me something ________？ A. eating B. for eating C. to eat D. eaten (　)24. They enjoy ________ football on weekends. A. playing B. to play C. play D. played (　　)25. Keep ________ and you will succeed in the end. A. to try B. trying C. tried D. try ( )26._____________ by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. A. Encouraging B. To encourage C. Encouraged D. Encourage 27. New policies made farmers ___________ their living condition greatly than before. A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. improve 28. I turned around to take my baggage, only __________ it was gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. find 29. The doctors were too tired last night ___________ another operation. A. to start B. starting C. started D. start 30. It’s time _________ us ____________ all the living things in the sea. A. for; to protect B. for; protecting C. of; to protect D. of; protecting 31. I really regret __________ his lecture. Is there anything useful that you have learned from the speech? A. to miss B. missing C. missed D. miss 32. I hear her __________ an English song when I passed by her yesterday. A. to sing B. singing C. sang D. sing 33. My parents have always made me __________about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 34. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school __________to the new students. A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 35. I see some students often ______________ by the teachers. A. to punish B. punishing C. punished D. punish 36. I’m considering _______ a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered _______ the engineer of human souls(灵魂). A. to become, to be B. to become, being C. becoming, being D. becoming, to be 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 13 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第09讲：单项选择之非谓语动词部分重点难点 知识梳理 演练 【考情链接】 【要点梳理】 近三年以来，重庆春考对于非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别以及非谓语中不定式都是考察重点。 知识点一　非谓语动词的定义 在句中不作谓语的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词。 知识点二 不定式 动词不定式由不定式符号to后加动词原形构成，肯定结构为to do，否定结构为not to do。 动词不定式可以有自己的宾语、状语等，与所带的宾语、状语等构成不定式短语，如to wash clothes、 to see him happy等。动词不定式(短语)具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 1. 不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语，强调不定式动词所表达的行为过程，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： To keep healthy is very important to us. 保持健康对我们很重要。(强调保持健康的行为) To learn English well is not that easy. 学好英语不那么容易。(强调学习这一行为) (2)在“主语＋连系动词＋表语”结构中，如果主语是不定式(短语)，不定式常置于表语之后，主语位置用形式主语it代替，以避免“头重脚轻”。常见结构为“It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of＋sb.) to do sth.” 其中sb.是不定式的逻辑主语，即不定式动作的执行者。 如： To keep healthy is very important.→It is very important to keep healthy． To learn English well is not easy.→It is not easy to learn English well． It is necessary for us to have good habits. 我们有必要养成好习惯。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 注 以下两种句型的区别。 句型 意义 常用形容词 例句 It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 意为“某人做某事怎么样”，强调做的事情和形容词之间的关系 easy、 difficult、 hard、 important、 possible、 necessary、 interesting It's easy for him to finish these exercises. 他完成这些练习很容易。 It's important for us to learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。 2. 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语时，短语结构为“谓语动词＋to do sth.”。下面这些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语：agree(同意)、 ask(要求)、 beg(请求)、 choose(选择)、 demand(要求)、 decide(决定)、 expect(期待)、 happen(碰巧)、 hope(希望)、 manage(设法)、 plan(计划)、 prepare(准备)、 pretend(假装)、 prove(证明)、 promise(答应)、 refuse(拒绝)、 want(想要)、 wish(希望)、 would like(想要)等。 如： We wish to finish the work as soon as possible. 我们希望尽快完成这项工作。 I happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上碰巧遇到了他。 注 在“主谓宾＋形容词/名词作宾语补足语”句型中，宾语若是不定式，常把宾语置于宾语补足语之后，句型结构为“主谓＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词/名词)＋to do sth.”。 如： I think it easy to get along well with him. 我认为跟他相处融洽是很容易的。 He found it impossible to finish the task in such short time. 他发现在这么短的时间内完成这项任务是不可能的。 模拟练习1 (　A　)1. I want ________ a glass of water. A. to have B. have C. having D. has 【答案】A 【解析】want后跟不定式作宾语。want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。 (　C　)2. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. finish 【答案】C 【解析】fail to do sth.意为“未能做到某事”。 (　A　)3. Would you like ________ some coffee or tea? A. to drink B. drinking C. drink D. drunk 【答案】A 【解析】would like后跟不定式作宾语。would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。 (　D　)4. The Smiths have decided ________ to Sanya for the winter vacation. A. going B. are going C. gone D. to go 【答案】D 【解析】decide后跟动词不定式作宾语。decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事 (　B　)5. —Mary, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ________ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered 【答案】B 【解析】“It＋be＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”句型结构中，不定式作主语置于表语之后。 3. 不定式作表语 不定式作表语时，句型结构为“主语＋be＋to do sth.”。不定式作表语可用来补充说明主语的内容。 如： My dream is to become an excellent engineer. 我的梦想是成为一名优秀的工程师。 Her job is to look after children. 她的工作是照看小孩。 4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，短语结构为“名词/代词＋to do sth.”，不定式动作通常没发生，不定式动词与被修饰的名词或代词之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系 如： I'd like something to drink. 我想要一些喝的东西。 (东西还没喝到，something是drink的逻辑宾语) Could you please give me a piece of paper to write on? 你可以给我一张纸写字吗？ (还没有写，a piece of paper是write on的逻辑宾语) 5. 不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时，句型结构为“谓语动词＋宾语＋to do sth.”。不定式用来补充说明宾语做什么。下面这些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语补足语：advise(建议)、 allow(允许)、ask(要求)、encourage(鼓励)、expect(期待)、force(迫使)、get(让)、invite(邀请)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、would like(想要)、help(帮助)、have(让)、let(让)、make(让)、find(发现)、hear(听见)、notice(注意)、see(看见)、watch(观看)等。 如： My parents don't allow me to get home late at night. 我父母不允许我晚上很晚回家。 注 help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。make、 let、 have是使役动词，find、 feel、 look at、 see、 watch、 hear、 listen to、 smell、 notice是感官动词。使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语省略to；它们后的不定式作主语补足语，即这类动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式要带to。使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语，强调不定式动作从开始到结束的全过程。 6. 不定式作状语 不定式可作原因状语、目的状语和结果状语。常见的句型结构如下： (1)在“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型中，不定式作原因状语。 如： I'm glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。(高兴是因为见到了你) He was very sad to miss the train. 错过了火车，他很难过。(难过是因为错过了火车)(2)不定式作目的状语时，可在不定式符号to前加上in order或so as，通常位于谓语(＋宾语)之后，或放在句首。 如： I must study hard (so as) to get a good job. 为了能找到一份好工作，我必须努力学习。 In order to keep energetic in class, we should go to bed on time. 为了在课堂上保持精力充沛，我们应该按时睡觉。 (2)不定式作目的状语时，可在不定式符号to前加上in order或so as，通常位于谓语(＋宾语)之后，或放在句首。 (3)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth. (太……而不能做……)”和“adj./adv.＋enough＋to do sth. (足够……能做……)”结构中的不定式作结果状语。 如： The boy is too young to go to school alone. 这男孩年纪太小了(结果)不能自己上学。 He ran fast enough to catch up with us. 他跑得足够快(结果)赶上了我们。 It is too long a journey for you to make alone. 行程实在是太远，(结果)你一个人去不行。 7. 带疑问词的不定式 带疑问词的不定式结构为“疑问词＋to do sth.”，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。连词whether也可与不定式连用，构成 whether to do sth. (or not)(是否做某事)。 如： I haven't decided what to do next. 我还没决定接下来做什么。(作宾语) The problem is how to get there on time. 问题是怎样准时到达那里。(作表语) Whether to tell the truth is up to you. 是否说实话取决于你。(作主语) 8. 复合不定式 复合不定式结构为“for＋sb.(宾格)＋to do sth.”，该结构指出了不定式动作由sb.来完成。 如： The room is big enough for us to dance in. 这个房间足够大，我们可以在里面跳舞。 He spoke slowly enough for everybody to hear clearly. 他说得很慢，大家都能听清楚。 9. 省略to的不定式 (1)含do的词组或句子作主语时，作表语的不定式在口语中可省略to。 如： All we do is (to) sleep well. 我们所做的一切都是为了睡好觉。 Doing washing is (to) keep ourselves clean. 洗衣服就是为了使我们自己保持干净。 (2)介词but、 except、 besides之前有行为动词do的各种形式时，其后的不定式作宾语不带to，否则要带to。 如： He did nothing but watch TV last night. 昨晚除了看电视，他什么都没做。 We have no other choice but to stay here. 除了待在这里，我们别无选择。 (3)使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补足语省略to。 如： Let's go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 The teacher made us copy the exercises again. 老师让我们又抄了一遍这些练习。 (4)下列短语或句型中的不定式省略to。 would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事？ Will/Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你(不要)做某事，好吗？ (5)情态动词后跟动词原形(ought除外)。 10. to作介词 to既可作不定式符号，也可作介词。to为不定式符号时，后跟动词原形，即to do; to为介词时，后跟动名词，即to doing。下列短语中的to后跟动名词。 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事　　 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 知识点三　动名词 动名词是在动词后加ing构成，动名词的构成规则与动词现在分词的构成规则相同。动名词也有自己的时态和语态。 动名词(短语)具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示抽象、泛指的动作。句型结构为“Doing sth.＋谓语……”。“Doing sth.＋be＋名词/形容词”结构中，通常把动名词短语后置，句型结构为“It＋be＋名词/形容词＋动名词短语”。该结构中常见的名词或形容词有use、 fun、 good、 nice、 useful等。 如： Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. →It is bad for our eyes reading in the sun. 在太阳底下看书对我们的眼睛有害。 Only speaking but not doing is no use. →It's no use only speaking but not doing. 只说不做没有用。 模拟练习2 (　B　)1. ________is believing is his philosophy. A. See B. Seeing C. Sees D. Saw 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干可知，动名词seeing作主语。 (　C　)2. It is no good ________. You'd better ________ it up earlier. A. smoke; giving B. to smoke; to give C. smoking; give D. to smoke; give 【答案】C 【解析】第一句含义为“抽烟不好”。是动名词作主语后置现象。句型结构为“It be no good doing sth.”。第二句had better后跟动词原形。 (　C　)3. ________ much exercise everyday is good for our health. A. Do B. To do C. Doing D. Does 【答案】C 【解析】此句是动名词短语作主语。句意：“每天多锻炼有益于我们的健康。” (　A　)4. It is a waste of time ________ computer games before the final exam. A. playing B. to play C. plays D. played 【答案】A 【解析】此句是“It is a waste of time doing sth.”的句型结构，动名词后置作主语。句意：“期末考试之前，玩网络游戏是浪费时间。” (　A　)5. His not ________ back in time made them very disappointed. A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 【答案】A 【解析】动名词的复合结构作主语。 2. 动名词作宾语 (1)动名词短语可放在介词或有些动词后作宾语，句型结构为“主语＋谓语＋doing sth.”。后可跟动名词作宾语的常见动词(短语)有advise(建议)、 allow(允许)、 avoid(避免)、 consider(考虑)、 dislike(不喜欢)、 enjoy(喜欢)、 fancy(想象)、 finish(完成)、 imagine(设想)、 keep(保持)、 mind(介意)、 practise(练习)、 risk(冒险)、 suggest(建议)、 be busy(忙于)、 be worth(值得)、 can't help(忍不住)、 feel like(想要)、 give up(放弃)、 have trouble/difficulty (in)(做……有麻烦/困难)等。 如： Would you mind speaking more slowly in class? 你介意课上说慢点吗？ The boy enjoys listening to music in the morning. 这个男孩喜欢早上听音乐。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得看。 He was punished for not telling the truth. 因为没有说实话，他受到了惩罚。 (2)下列动词(短语)后既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但意义大多不同，请注意区别。 动词短语 意义 like/love/hate/prefer doing sth. 表示习惯性的、一般性的动作，动名词所表示的动作不一定是主语本身的动作， 也可能是他人所发生的动作 like/love/hate/prefer to do sth. 通常表示某一次具体的动作，不定式所表示的动作通常是句中主语本身的动作 prefer doing A to doing B 与B相比，更喜欢做A prefer to do A rather than do B remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事，表示事情已经发生了 remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘记要做某事，表示事情还没有发生 stop doing sth. 停止做(正在做的)某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 continue/go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 continue/go on to do sth. (做完一件事后)继续做另一件事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力做某事 want/need/require doing sth. 表示被动意义，相当于 want/need/require to be done want/need/require to do sth. 想/需要/要求做某事，表示主动意义 regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔 regret to do sth. 对尚未做的事表示遗憾 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算、有意要做某事 模拟练习3 (　C　)1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ beside a big rock by the side of the road. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 【答案】C 【解析】stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另外的事”，stop doing sth. 意为“停止正在做的事情”。 (　B　)2. Would you mind ________ us something about your life? A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. to be told 【答案】B 【解析】mind后面只能跟动名词，构成短语mind doing sth. (介意做某事)。 (　B　)3. Tom spends much money________ textbooks on study. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. buy 【答案】B 【解析】sb. spend (in) doing 为固定搭配，其中in可以省略。 (　D　)4. It is too hot. Flowers need ________ every day. A. to water B. water C. watered D. watering 【答案】D 【解析】sth. need doing...意为“某事需要被……”。主语flowers是动词water的承受者。 3. 动名词作表语 动名词作表语单纯用来补充说明主语的内容，与不定式作表语的用法相同。 如： Her job is about washing, cleaning and looking after the children. 她的工作是洗衣服、打扫卫生和带孩子 4. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语用来说明所修饰的名词的功能及用途，如a reading room一个阅览室(这个房间是用来看书的)、 a swimming pool一个游泳池(这个池子是用来游泳的)、a writing book一本写作书(这本书是用来帮助训练写作的)等。 知识点四　分词 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词无时态和语态的变化，现在分词有时态和语态的变化。 分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句中可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1. 分词作表语 分词作表语主要说明主语的性质或所处的状态。现在分词通常与物连用，过去分词通常与人连用。 如： The match was so exciting that they were too excited to fall asleep. 这场比赛如此令人激动，以至于他们过于兴奋而睡不着觉。 The game is interesting and children are interested in it. 这个游戏很有趣，孩子们对它非常感兴趣。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在做某事；过去分词作宾语补足语表示宾语跟宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。 如： I saw him watching a basketball game just now. 我刚才看见他正在看篮球赛。 My bike broke down. I had it repaired already. 自行车坏了，我已经把它拿去修理了。(自行车被别人修) 模拟练习4 (　A　)1. I'm sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time. A. waiting B. to waited C. to wait D. to be waited 【答案】A 【解析】短语keep you waiting 中waiting作宾语you的宾语补足语，表示“让你一直等这么长的时间”。 (　C　)2. Can you hear someone ________ in the classroom? It is Mary. A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang 【答案】C 【解析】hear sb. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”。句意：“你听见有人在教室里唱歌吗？那是玛丽。” (　C　)3. Open your heart, and you'll make yourself ________. A. know B. knowing C. known D. to know 【答案】C 【解析】过去分词known作宾语yourself的补足语，表示与宾语之间的被动关系。 (　A　)4. I heard someone ________ at the door at eleven last night. A. knocking B. knocks C. to knock D. knocked 【答案】A 【解析】hear sb. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”。 3. 分词作定语 分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前面，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰的名词后面。现在分词作定语表示被修饰的名词正在主动做某事；过去分词作定语表示被动或动作已完成，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的被动关系。 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳　 a girl wearing-shirt一个穿衬衫的女孩 a developing country一个发展中国家 a developed country 一个发达国家 the people invited to the party 受邀请参加聚会的 4. 分词作状语 分词(短语)可作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。分词的动作是由主句的主语发出或承受的。分词的动作由主句的主语发出，用现在分词；分词与主语有逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。分词(短语)作时间、原因、条件状语时，可改为相对应的状语从句。 如： Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.＝When he passed by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano. 经过房子时，他看见一个女孩正在弹钢琴。(现在分词短语作时间状语，可改写成when引导的时间状语从句。he与pass之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词。改为状语从句时，用主动语态) Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.＝If the park is seen from the hill, it looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，公园更漂亮。(过去分词短语作条件状语， park和see是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词seen。改为状语从句时，用被动语态) He left the meeting room, holding a cup in his hand. 他离开了会议室，手里拿着一个杯子。(伴随状语) 课后反馈 演练 ( A )1. It's important ________ a foreign language these days. A. for us to learn B. of us to learn C. for us learning D. our learning 【答案】A 【解析】　句型“It＋be＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”中的“for sb. to do sth.”是复合不定式短语作主语后置，表示某人做的事情和形容词之间的关系，常用的形容词有easy、 hard、important、 necessary等。句意：“对我们来说，学习一门外语是很重要的。” ( D )2. My mum enjoys ________ for the family on weekends. A. cook B. to cook C. cooked D. cooking 【答案】D 【解析】enjoy后跟动名词作宾语。enjoy doing sth. 表示“喜欢做某事”。 ( A )3. Finally she decided ________ in the London School of Economics. A. to study B. studying C. studied D. study 【答案】A 【解析】　decide后跟不定式作宾语。decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”。 ( A)4. The teacher asked me ________ the question in English. A. to answer B. answer C. answering D. answered 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查不定式作宾语补足语。句型结构为“谓语动词＋宾语＋to do sth.”。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”。 ( B )5. (2023年重庆市对口高职)Mr. Smith says he wants ________ in the countryside with his grandma next year. A. live B. to live C. living D. lived 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查不定式作宾语。句型结构为“谓语动词＋to do sth.”。want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”。 (　B　)6. He doesn't remember ________anything about the affair. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. talks 【答案】B 【解析】remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”。 (　C　)7. It's nice ________ you ________ me find my lovely handbag. A. for; to help B. of; helping C. of; to help D. for; helping 【答案】C 【解析】句型“It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.” 表示某人具有某种品质而去做某事，句中形容词是表品质的形容词，如good、 kind、 nice、 wise、 clever、 foolish等。句意：“你真是太好了，帮我找到了我的可爱的手提包。” (　B　)8. Jack is looking forward to ________ Mike. A. hear from B. hearing from C. heard from D. heard 【答案】B 【解析】look forward to doing意为“期待做某事”。 (　A　)9. ________ more trees can protect the environment. A. Planting B. Plant C. Planted D. Plants 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查动名词作主语。句意：“多植树能保护环境。” (　A　)10. —Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It's well worth ________. It's so ________ that I was deeply ________ by the story. A. seeing; moving; moved B. to be seen; moved; moving C. seeing; moved; moving D. to be seen; moving; moved 【答案】A 【解析】be worth doing 意为“值得做”；分词作表语时，通常现在分词与物连用，过去分词与人连用。 (　C　)11. A ________ family is the best medicine. A. love B. to love C. loving D. loves 【答案】C 【解析】动名词作定语修饰名词family。 (　C　)12. —The light in the classroom is still on. —Oh, I forgot________. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 【答案】C 【解析】forget to do sth.意为“忘记去做某事”。 (　C　)13. —I didn't hear you come in just now. —That's good. I tried ________ the baby up. A. not wake B. not waking C. not to wake D. to not wake 【答案】C 【解析】try to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。 (　C　)14. He used to ________ his car to work. But now he goes to work by bike. A. drove B. driving C. drive D. to drive 【答案】C 【解析】used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，是固定结构。句意：“他过去常常开车去上班，但是现在他骑车去上班。” (　A　)15. I don't mind ________ by train. A. travelling B. to travel C. travelled D. travel 【答案】A 【解析】mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”。 (　B　)16. I saw Tom ________holes in the garden when I passed his house. A. digs B. digging C. to dig D. dug 【答案】B 【解析】see sb. doing意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 (　B　)17. Mary decides________ hard to go to college. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 【答案】B 【解析】decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 (　C　)18. I know it's not important, but I can't help ________ about it. A. to think B. and think C. thinking D. being thought 【答案】C 【解析】can't/couldn't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”。句意：“我知道这不太重要，但我还是情不自禁地考虑它。” (　B　)19. You had better ________ late at night. It's dangerous. A. not to play B. not play C. not playing D. not being played 【答案】B 【解析】had better (not) do sth.意为“最好(不要)做某事”。 (　A　)20. Look! Tom is doing some ________ in the reading room. A. reading B. to read C. reads D. read 【答案】A 【解析】do some reading是固定搭配，reading作do的宾语。 句意：“看，汤姆正在阅读室看书。” (　D　)21. Our teacher asked us ________ to each other in class. A. not talk B. didn't talk C. don't talk D. not to talk 【答案】D 【解析】ask sb. not to do sth.意为“叫某人不要做某事”。 (　A　)22. —How about ________ this weekend? —Oh, that's a good idea! A. going fishing B. going to fish C. go fishing D. go to fish 【答案】A 【解析】how about doing是固定搭配。go fishing意为“去钓鱼” (　C　)23. I'm hungry. Would you please give me something ________？ A. eating B. for eating C. to eat D. eaten 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查动词不定式作定语。 (　A　)24. They enjoy ________ football on weekends. A. playing B. to play C. play D. played 【答案】A 【解析】enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。 (　B　)25. Keep ________ and you will succeed in the end. A. to try B. trying C. tried D. try 【答案】B 【解析】keep doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。 ( C )26._____________ by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. A. Encouraging B. To encourage C. Encouraged D. Encourage 【答案】C 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是被父母鼓励，又因为句子中已经有谓语动词has no confidence，所以答案为encouraged. 故选C. 27. New policies made farmers ___________ their living condition greatly than before. A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. improve 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是make sb do sth,因此答案为D. 28. I turned around to take my baggage, only __________ it was gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. find 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是only to do: 表示出乎意料的含义。 29. The doctors were too tired last night ___________ another operation. A. to start B. starting C. started D. start 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是too… to do 的含义，于是答案为A。 30. It’s time _________ us ____________ all the living things in the sea. A. for; to protect B. for; protecting C. of; to protect D. of; protecting 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是形式主语，句意为：该做某事的时候了。于是选A。 31. I really regret __________ his lecture. Is there anything useful that you have learned from the speech? A. to miss B. missing C. missed D. miss 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是regret doing 句意为：遗憾做某事。故答案为B。 32. I hear her __________ an English song when I passed by her yesterday. A. to sing B. singing C. sang D. sing 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是hear sb doing表示的含义是听见某人正在做某事。故选B. 33. My parents have always made me __________about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是make sb do sth.故答案为D. 34. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school __________to the new students. A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 【答案】C 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是被邀请去做某事。故答案为C. 35. I see some students often ______________ by the teachers. A. to punish B. punishing C. punished D. punish 【答案】C 【解析】根据题干可知，该题考察的是see sb doing表示的含义是看见某人正在做某事。故选C. 36. I’m considering _______ a teacher after graduation because a teacher is often considered _______ the engineer of human souls(灵魂). A. to become, to be B. to become, being C. becoming, being D. becoming, to be 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干可知，该题第一个空考察的是考虑做某事：consider doing sth, 第二个空被认为是; be considered to do sth. 故选D. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！第 17 页 共 17 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$