专题02 语法填空无提示词（三大从句、并列句、特殊句式、冠、介、代及其它）-2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题02 语法填空之无提示词 （三大从句、并列句、特殊句式、冠、介、代及其它） 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 2 考点01 三大从句 3 考点02 并列句 8 考点03 特殊句式 9 考点04 冠、介、代及其它 12 高考练场 16 题型01 单句语法填空 16 题型02 变式训练 21 语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表 现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。考查形式包括有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well 考点01 三大从句 【考点诠释】 英语中，三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 三大从句考查重点(描红) 从句类型 连接词 作用/成分 意义 名词性从句 that × × if/whether × “是否” What(ever) / which(ever) /who(ever) / Whom(ever) / whose / how many / how much 主语、宾语、表语、定语 (无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少 when(ever) / where(ver) / how(ever) / why / because 状语、表语 （无论）何时/何地/怎样、为什么，因为 形容词性从句 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主语、宾语、表语、定语 谁、谁的、哪一个、如...一样 where, when, why (不引导非限制性定从) 状语 何地、何时、为什么 副词性从句 时间状语从句when, while, as；the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time；before和since；till和until 状语 当时候；一...就...；在...之前，自从...，直到...才... 让步状语从句：although, though, as以及even if, even though 状语 虽然、即使 结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that” 状语 如此...以致 条件状语从句if, unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing 状语 如果；除非；如果 原因状语从句because, since, as, for (原因分句) 状语 因为 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 强调句：It is...that... 1．All the mistakes I ever made in my life were I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”. 2．That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is many office workers spend their weekends. 3．The power of AI lies exactly in is often considered as its weakness. （用适当的词填空） 4．Talk to her and decide this friendship is still important to you. (用适当的词填空填空) 5．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 6．This painting is splendid, but we actually need it is a different matter. 7．The decision was made we should have some school trips this term. (用适当的词填空) 8．When they closed their League offices, that was a sign they cared no longer about Mr Wilson’s presence. (用适当的词填空) 9．While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 10．Being a good listener is a kind of quality, which is it takes to keep friendship. (用适当的词填空) 11．In a society being thin is often seen as beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. (用适当的词填空) 12．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 13．The long-awaited TV series title is Blossoms Shanghai was released in two versions — Mandarin (普通话) and the Shanghai dialect—on Dec 27, quickly soaring as one of the most popular dramas during the New Year’s period. (用适当的词填空) 14．There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of consists of coal, steel and machinery. (用适当的词填空) 15．This is Mr Green, with help I’ve made great progress in English. (用适当的词填空) 16．“You needn’t try it you don’t want to, ”Mum said. (用适当的词填空) 17．Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. （用适当的词填空） 18．Nevertheless, it will take some years most homes begin to use this new technology. (用适当的词填空) 19． the region has plenty of rain, the soil here is not fertile. (用适当的词填空) 20．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 考点02 并列句 【考点诠释】 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 彼此关系 并列连词 例 句 表示递进或顺承关系 and, not only...but (also)...等 Not only is he very fast, but he’s (also) got marvellous technique. 表示选择关系 or, either...or...等 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 表示转折关系 but, yet, whereas等 It’s true that he is young, but he is experienced and responsible. 表示因果关系： so, for等 I did not go to work yesterday, for I was not feeling well. 表示“那时，这时” when We were about to leave when someone knocked at the door. 表示对比：“而，却” while There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast. · 并列句：看两个句子间的逻辑关系来判断。如：并列、因果、选择、转折、对比。 1．Muscle cells need lots of fuel therefore burn lots of calories. (用适当的词填空) 2．The majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma result either in total success failure. 3．You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child not quite an adult. (用适当的词填空) 4．The teacher told us that when there are difficulties, we should overcome them spare no efforts to stick to the goal. (用适当的词填空) 5．Neither time, which seemed to fly by, distance, which stretched our connection, can hurt our friendship built on years of shared memories. (用适当的词填空) 6．Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, those in the south are relatively poor. 考点03 特殊句式 【考点诠释】 类型 句 式 考 查 重 点 强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。 强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分? 强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。 倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。 省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。 常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary 感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语! how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语! 高中英语特殊句式主要有三种：强调句、倒装句和省略句，另外还有一些形式，也是特殊句式，如感叹句、祈使句。其中强调句、倒装句和感叹句在高考中是重点。 1．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 2．He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk. I collected it and walked away. did he. 3．Hard the doctors had tried to save his life, the scholar died in the end. 4．Not until then Megan pour out what had been disturbing her the whole day. (用适当的词填空) 5．Little Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (用适当的词填空) 6．Not until he climbed into bed he free to think about it. (用适当的词填空) 7．Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 8．It is these social skills enable us to develop lifelong friendships. （用适当的词填空） 9．I really don’t know when it was you returned the book to me. (用适当的词填空) 10．It was not until I entered high school I realized how right my parents were. (用适当的词填空) 考点04 冠、介、代及其它 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 1． the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. (用适当的词填空) 2．Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. (用适当的词填空) 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. (用适当的词填空) 4．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 5．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 6． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 7．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 8．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 9．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空) 10．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 11．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 12．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 13．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 14．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 15．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 16．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. (用适当的词填空) 17．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 18．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 19．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical 固 20．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (用适当的词填空) 单句语法填空 1．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 2．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang onto hopes. （用适当的词填空） 3． matters that week is that everyone is having a great time. (用适当的词填空) 4．However, getting advice from cares about you can impact your life in great ways. (用适当的词填空) 5．But there are things we can do that machines can’t do. machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations. They can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.（用适当的词填空） 6．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly more and more parents make use of child care at this time. (用适当的词填空) 7．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit. （用适当的词填空） 8．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me. （用适当的词填空） 9．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 10．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 11．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 12．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 13．This amazing discovery was made in 1996, a donkey fell into a hole and the animal’s owner saw the face of a shiny, golden-colored mummy inside. （用适当的词填空） 14．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 15．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 16．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 17．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空) 18． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空) 19．People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you you are a foreigner or just a local. (用适当的词填空) 20．The classical book is still worth it it doesn’t sell well. (用适当的词填空) 21．Most importantly, remember the following old rule: try to eat different foods, not too much. （用适当的词填空） 22．Office workers tried to put out the fire, it was impossible to control it. (用适当的词填空) 23．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. (用适当的词填空) 24．Hotels are largely given over to rooms for individuals, “Home is thought of as a place for a family over years, hosting lots of different activities.” (用适当的词填空) 25．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all the vacation can work for everyone. (用适当的词填空) 26．You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. (用适当的词填空) 27．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 28．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 29．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 30．It was in the street I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空) 语篇语法填空 Passage 1 （2025年虹口一模） How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. Passage 2 （2025年长宁一模） The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. Passage 3 （2025年徐汇一模） Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” Passage 4 （2025年杨浦一模） Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room ___1___ (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. ___2___ most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen ___3___ (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book ___4___ else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, ___5___ member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books ___6___ (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of ___7___ has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with ___8___ contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though ___9___ (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10____ ________ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 语法填空之无提示词 （三大从句、并列句、特殊句式、冠、介、代及其它） 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 2 考点01 三大从句 3 考点02 并列句 8 考点03 特殊句式 9 考点04 冠、介、代及其它 12 高考练场 16 题型01 单句语法填空 16 题型02 变式训练 21 语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表 现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。考查形式包括有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 两个空和三个空的填法 两空常填连词 表原因：now that 表时间：every time/ the moment 表让步：even if / even though 表方式：as if / as though 表目的：so that / in case 表结果：so that 定语从句：介词 + which 表除了：except that 表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon) 三空常填连词 表目的：in order that / for fear that 表时间：as soon as 表条件：as/so long as / on condition that 表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.) 另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned) 两空常填介词 表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to 表让步：regardless of 表相反：instead of/ rather than 表除了：except for / other than/apart from 表根据/例举：according to / such as 三空常填介词 表让步：in spite of 表并列：as well as 表除了：in addition to 表目的：in order to 两空常填情态动词 have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well 考点01 三大从句 【考点诠释】 英语中，三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句考查较多，尤其是which引导的非限制性定语从句。副词性从句就是状语从句，总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 三大从句考查重点(描红) 从句类型 连接词 作用/成分 意义 名词性从句 that × × if/whether × “是否” What(ever) / which(ever) /who(ever) / Whom(ever) / whose / how many / how much 主语、宾语、表语、定语 (无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少 when(ever) / where(ver) / how(ever) / why / because 状语、表语 （无论）何时/何地/怎样、为什么，因为 形容词性从句 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 主语、宾语、表语、定语 谁、谁的、哪一个、如...一样 where, when, why (不引导非限制性定从) 状语 何地、何时、为什么 副词性从句 时间状语从句when, while, as；the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time；before和since；till和until 状语 当时候；一...就...；在...之前，自从...，直到...才... 让步状语从句：although, though, as以及even if, even though 状语 虽然、即使 结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that” 状语 如此...以致 条件状语从句if, unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing 状语 如果；除非；如果 原因状语从句because, since, as, for (原因分句) 状语 因为 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 强调句：It is...that... 1．All the mistakes I ever made in my life were I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”. 【答案】when 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：在我的人生中所犯的所有错误都是当我想要说“不”，却说了“是”。本句为表语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。 2．That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is many office workers spend their weekends. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：这个由高速公路连接到市区的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族度周末的地方。本句为表语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 3．The power of AI lies exactly in is often considered as its weakness. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：人工智能的力量恰恰在于通常被认为它的弱点的地方。分析句子可知，这里考查宾语从句，从句中缺主语，应用连接代词what，表“什么”。故填what。 4．Talk to her and decide this friendship is still important to you. (用适当的词填空填空) 【答案】whether/if 【详解】考查连接词。句意：和她谈谈，决定这段友谊对你来说是否仍然重要。空处引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中，“是否”对应的连词是whether或if。故填whether/if。 5．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟，其他的学生都想知道这个男孩会做什么。_________ the boy would do作wondered的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，且表示名词意思“这个男孩会做的事”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。 6．This painting is splendid, but we actually need it is a different matter. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这幅画很好，但我们是否真的需要它，那就另当别论了。________ we actually need it是一个主语从句，表示“事实上，我们是否需要它”，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的意思，应用whether。故填whether。 7．The decision was made we should have some school trips this term. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：已经做出决定，我们这学期应该有几次学校旅行。分析句子结构可知，这里是同位语从句，从句解释说明名词decision的具体内容。从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接代词that。故填that。 8．When they closed their League offices, that was a sign they cared no longer about Mr Wilson’s presence. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：当他们关闭联盟办公室时，这表明他们不再关心威尔逊先生的存在。空处引导同位语从句对sign内容进行说明，从句结构完整，句意完整，空处不缺少任何成分，只起连接作用，用that引导从句。故填that。 9．While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：虽然它们在北纬88度以北很少见，但有证据表明，它们的活动范围横跨北极，向南远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词evidence的内容，从句句意完整，且不缺少成分，用连词that引导从句。故填that。 10．Being a good listener is a kind of quality, which is it takes to keep friendship. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：做一个好的倾听者是一种品质，这是保持友谊所需要的。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少take的宾语，表示“这是保持友谊所需要的品质”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 11．In a society being thin is often seen as beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个瘦通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来快速减肥。定语从句修饰先行词society，关系词指代先行词在从句作地点状语，故填where。 12．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。 13．The long-awaited TV series title is Blossoms Shanghai was released in two versions — Mandarin (普通话) and the Shanghai dialect—on Dec 27, quickly soaring as one of the most popular dramas during the New Year’s period. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：期待已久的电视剧《繁花》于12月27日以国语和上海方言两个版本上映，迅速成为春节期间最受欢迎的电视剧之一。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词TV series，在从句作定语，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 14．There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of consists of coal, steel and machinery. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上海有足够的空间来接收这批庞大的货物，其中大部分是煤炭、钢铁和机械。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词of后的宾语，且先行词为shipment，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 15．This is Mr Green, with help I’ve made great progress in English. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位是格林先生，在他的帮助下我的英语进步很大。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Mr Green，指代人，在从句中作定语，应用whose，修饰名词help，表示“他的”。故填whose。 16．“You needn’t try it you don’t want to, ”Mum said. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：妈妈说：“如果你不想试，就不必试。”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。 17．Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：就像一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。just as为固定短语，意为“正如,正像”，此处用as引导方式状语从句。故填as。 18．Nevertheless, it will take some years most homes begin to use this new technology. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】before 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：然而，需要几年的时间后，大多数家庭才开始使用这项新技术。结合句意可知，此处为“it will take some time before…”句型结构，意为“需要一段时间之后才……”，所以此处使用连词before引导的时间状语从句。故填before。 19． the region has plenty of rain, the soil here is not fertile. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Although/Though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管该地区雨水充沛，但这里的土壤并不肥沃。根据句意可知，空处需要一个连接词来表示让步关系，即尽管有某个条件存在，但结果仍然是另一个情况，可用although或though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”之意，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although或Though。 20．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于你可以在困难时向他求助。根据“Such an honest person is he”可知，这里用了such部分置于句首引起的倒装，可还原为he is such an honest person，应用结果状语从句such…that…表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 考点02 并列句 【考点诠释】 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 彼此关系 并列连词 例 句 表示递进或顺承关系 and, not only...but (also)...等 Not only is he very fast, but he’s (also) got marvellous technique. 表示选择关系 or, either...or...等 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 表示转折关系 but, yet, whereas等 It’s true that he is young, but he is experienced and responsible. 表示因果关系： so, for等 I did not go to work yesterday, for I was not feeling well. 表示“那时，这时” when We were about to leave when someone knocked at the door. 表示对比：“而，却” while There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast. · 并列句：看两个句子间的逻辑关系来判断。如：并列、因果、选择、转折、对比。 1．Muscle cells need lots of fuel therefore burn lots of calories. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：肌肉细胞需要大量的燃料，因此燃烧大量的卡路里。由句意空前后为两个并列谓语，应用并列连词and，故填and。 2．The majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma result either in total success failure. 【答案】or 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么失败。句型either...or...表示“要么……要么……”。故填or。 3．You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child not quite an adult. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：你进入了一个奇怪的中间地带——不再是小孩，但也不完全是成年人。根据句意可知，空处表示转折，用连词but来连接两部分内容。故填but。 4．The teacher told us that when there are difficulties, we should overcome them spare no efforts to stick to the goal. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：老师告诉我们，当有困难时，我们应该克服它们，不遗余力地坚持目标。根据句意可知，此处为连词and连接前后两个动词overcome和spare，放在情态动词should后保持并列结构。故填and。 5．Neither time, which seemed to fly by, distance, which stretched our connection, can hurt our friendship built on years of shared memories. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】nor 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：无论是似乎转瞬即逝的时间，还是拉长了我们距离的遥远空间，都无法伤害到我们建立在多年共同回忆之上的友谊。neither...nor...为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。 6．Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, those in the south are relatively poor. 【答案】while 【详解】考查连词。句意：北方的学校往往设备较好，而南方的则相对差一些。所填应是并列连词，将前后句连接；同时，前文“Schools in the north tend to be better equipped(北方的学校往往设备较好)”与后文“those in the south are relatively poor(南方的相对差一些)”之间为对比关系，用“while(然而)”作连词，表达对比关系。故填while。 考点03 特殊句式 【考点诠释】 类型 句 式 考 查 重 点 强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。 强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分? 强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。 倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。 省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。 常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary 感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语! how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语! 高中英语特殊句式主要有三种：强调句、倒装句和省略句，另外还有一些形式，也是特殊句式，如感叹句、祈使句。其中强调句、倒装句和感叹句在高考中是重点。 1．Such an honest person is he you can turn to him when you are in trouble. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：他是如此诚实的一个人，以至于你可以在困难时向他求助。根据“Such an honest person is he”可知，这里用了such部分置于句首引起的倒装，可还原为he is such an honest person，应用结果状语从句such…that…表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 2．He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk. I collected it and walked away. did he. 【答案】So 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：他主动提出要把我的手提箱从后车箱里拿出来。我把它收起来，走开了。他也笑了。So的部分倒装：so+ be/情态动词/助动词+主语，表示“后面的主语与前面的主语情况是一样的”，且是肯定形式。故填So。 3．Hard the doctors had tried to save his life, the scholar died in the end. 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管医生们竭力挽救他的生命，这位学者最后还是去世了。此空为连词引导的倒装结构，结合句意可知，此处为as或者though引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，应使用“副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分”倒装结构，所以此处使用as或者though。故填as/though。 4．Not until then Megan pour out what had been disturbing her the whole day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：直到那时，梅根才倾诉了一整天困扰她的事情。not until位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前面。根据then以及宾语从句中使用的过去完成时可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以将助动词did提到主语Megan前面，故填did。 5．Little Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：罗斯很少关心她自己的安全，即使她自己身处险境。否定词little、seldom或never等位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构，再根据“was”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，助动词应用did。故填did。 6．Not until he climbed into bed he free to think about it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】was 【详解】考查倒装句和动词时态。句意：直到他爬上床，他才可以自由地思考这件事。Not until位于句首，主句采用部分倒装，根据形容词free，可知，主句是主系表结构，谓语动词需要be动词，结合climbed可知，使用一般过去时，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was。 7．Sitting in the front row (be) some college students who are invited to take part in a debate. 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：坐在前排的是一些大学生，他们被邀请参加一场辩论。本句为完全倒装结构，主语为some college students，陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语用复数。故填are。 8．It is these social skills enable us to develop lifelong friendships. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：正是这些社交技能使我们能够发展终身友谊。分析句子可知，这里考查it is...that构成的强调句，本句对主语these social skills进行强调。故填that。 9．I really don’t know when it was you returned the book to me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：我真的不知道你是什么时候把书还给我的。根据句意和空格前的when it was可知，此处是考查强调句的特殊疑问：疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分，该强调句是宾语从句，所以是陈述语序。故填that。 10．It was not until I entered high school I realized how right my parents were. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到我上了高中，我才意识到我的父母是多么的正确。根据空前“It was not until I entered high school”及空后“I realized”可知，该句符合强调句型结构It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它，去掉It was和设空处句子依然完整，强调时间状语从句，应用that。故填that。 考点04 冠、介、代及其它 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 1． the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Among/Of 【详解】考查介词。句意：在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者。由“the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient”可知，句子表示“在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者”，空格处意为“在……中”，应用介词among/of，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Among/Of。 2．Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：实时的、高细节的卫星地图可能会被用来在任何人不知情的情况下，随时对任何人保持标记。根据句意可知，句中指“在人们不知情的情况下”，随时对任何人保持标记，故空格处应用介词“without”，意为“没有”，“without one’s knowledge”表示“在某人不知情的情况下”。故填without。 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】like 【详解】考查介词。句意：它开始于评估贷款申请的信用风险，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。“assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes”是对前面things举的例子，空格处意为“像，比如”，需填介词like。故填like。 4．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语，beyond words为固定短语，意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。 5．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】against 【详解】考查介词。句意：吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树快速地入睡了。结合句意，表示“倚靠着”为介词against。故填against。 6． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然资源保护主义者表示仍有希望。介词despite (尽管)表让步，首字母大写。故填Despite。 7．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 【答案】within 【详解】考查介词。句意：把你经常使用的东西放在易于触及的地方可以节省厨房的时间。结合语意，空处应用介词within，表示“在……之内”，within easy reach表示“易于触及”，符合句意。故填within。 8．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 9．The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用代词it。故填it。 10．Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from of the approaches. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】both 【详解】考查代词。句意：我们不必二选一，两种方法都能让我们受益。分析句意可知，题干中出现了one，the other可以推测此题应该会考查关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示“两者都”符合语境。故填both。 11．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。 12．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：在我和我的兄弟姐妹成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些对我的身份、我是谁、我来自哪里至关重要的东西。结合句意可知，空处应填不定代词something，作同位语，对前文的something进行解释说明。故填something。 13．In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader needs to show these qualities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】himself 【详解】考查代词。句意：为了保持团队成员积极主动，团队领导本人应展示出这些品质。根据句意，应填入反身代词，故填himself 。 14．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。故填may或might。 15．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 16．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们可以像自私的恶魔或有爱的英雄那样对待他们。根据上文的“How we respond to them, however, is up to us.”可知，这里指的是我们可以采取的方式，表示“可以、能够”用情态动词can。故填can。 17．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】could 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：今天早上我在会议室没看到她。她不可能在会上发言。根据句意以及前面一句中didn’t see可知，此处为couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生某情况”。故填could。 18．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：佩勒姆建议，在进行一项具有挑战性的脑力任务时，要在安静中进行。task为可数名词，此处为泛指，且challenging是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 19．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我在空间站的6个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。此处为固定短语come to an end意为“结束”符合句意，所以此处应为不定冠词an。故填an。 20．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，这一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。in the 1960s意为“在20世纪60年代”。故填the。 单句语法填空 1．The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。notice为抽象名词，that引导的同位语从句对notice的内容解释说明。 由于此题中同位语从句与其先行词被谓语及时间状语隔开，易误理解为定语从句。故填that。 2．It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang onto hopes. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：对那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能，这是常有的事。分析句子结构可知， it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。从句中不缺成分，句意完整，用连词that引导主语从句。故填that。 3． matters that week is that everyone is having a great time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是那一周每个人都玩得很开心。分析句子可知，空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what，故填What。 4．However, getting advice from cares about you can impact your life in great ways. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：然而，从任何关心你的人那里得到建议可以对你的生活产生巨大的影响。设空处连接宾语从句，在从句中做主语，并且意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。 5．But there are things we can do that machines can’t do. machines have made very little progress is in dealing with novel situations. They can’t handle things they haven’t seen many times before.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】Where 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：但是有些事情我们可以做，而机器做不到。机器在处理新情况方面进展甚微。他们无法处理以前多次未见过的事情。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处缺少表示地点的连接词。故填Where。 6．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly more and more parents make use of child care at this time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都觉得换托儿所很容易，这无疑是为什么越来越多的父母在这个时候使用育儿服务。分析句子结构，空处引导表语从句，结合语意，空处应用why引导从句，构成this is why，表示“这就是为什么”，符合题意。故填why。 7．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：理查德每周下班后游泳三次。这就是他保持健康的方式。分析句子结构可知，“____he keeps fit”为表语从句，表语从句中缺少方式状语。故填how。 8．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：“每次吃甜食，就喝绿茶。”这是我妈妈以前对我说的。分析可知，is后是表语从句；从句中的动词tell后跟双宾语，所以引导词既起引导作用又要作从句的宾语，且指代事物，故由连接词what引导。故答案为what。 9．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。 10．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园里的野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一些。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为next week，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 11．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry, none of has been proved. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出了很多关于人类为什么会哭的理论，但没有一个得到证实。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many theories，关系词指代先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 12．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为办公室是新的异地办公场所，其目的是让人们聚在一起，做远程办公难以做到的事情：建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上实时合作。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词offsite是物，因此空格处是which，故填which。 13．This amazing discovery was made in 1996, a donkey fell into a hole and the animal’s owner saw the face of a shiny, golden-colored mummy inside. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个惊人的发现发生在1996年，当时一头驴子掉进了一个洞里，它的主人看到了里面一个金色发亮的木乃伊的脸。根据句子结构可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是1996，且从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．The house, door often stays open until late at night，works as a home for the guards，some of are from the countryside.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】 whose whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：晚上那间房门通常关的很晚的房子是给其中有部分是来自农村的门卫们的。第一个空此处为定语从句修饰先行词house，先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。第二个空也是定语从句，先行词guards，指人，在定语从句中作介词的宾语，用whom引导，故填whose；whom。 15．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，句子使用了倒装结构，应用as或though引导，常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。 16．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 17．As a matter of fact, I began playing football I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：事实上，我八岁的时候就开始踢足球了，而且一直踢得很好。由句意可知空处应填引导词when，引导时间状语从句。故填when。 18． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】While/When/As 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：在我的兄弟姐妹和我在成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些关于我身份的基本东西，我是谁，我来自哪里。分析可知，设空处引导的时间状语从句，可以用While/When/As连接，故填While/When/As。 19．People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you you are a foreigner or just a local. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：大理的人对你友好而真诚，无论你是外国人还是当地居民。whether...or...表示“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 20．The classical book is still worth it it doesn’t sell well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 even if/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使卖得不好，这本经典著作也值得一读。结合句意可知，此处用even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，虽然”。故填①even②if/though。 21．Most importantly, remember the following old rule: try to eat different foods, not too much. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】but/yet 【详解】考查连词。句意：最重要的是，记住以下老规则：尝试吃不同的食物，但不要吃太多。前后是转折关系，应用连词but/yet。故填but/yet。 22．Office workers tried to put out the fire, it was impossible to control it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：办公室工作人员试图扑灭大火，但无法控制火势。由“tried to put out the fire”和“it was impossible to control it”可知，句子表示“办公室工作人员试图扑灭大火，但无法控制火势”，前后句子是转折关系，空格处用but表转折，故填but。 23．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：毒品滥用对个人的身心影响严重，造成的经济损失巨大。根据句意可知，前后句子是并列关系，空格处用and表并列，故填and。 24．Hotels are largely given over to rooms for individuals, “Home is thought of as a place for a family over years, hosting lots of different activities.” (用适当的词填空) 【答案】while 【详解】考查并列句连词。句意：酒店在很大程度上是给个人的房间，而“家被认为是一个家庭多年来的地方，举办许多不同的活动。”由“Hotels are”和“Home is”可知，前后两句是并列关系，表示两种情况的对比，空格处意为“而”，用while，故填while。 25．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all the vacation can work for everyone. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so that 【详解】考查连词。句意：让孩子们参与计划假期可以确保他们也有一个很棒的假期。我喜欢参观历史古迹和博物馆，而他们喜欢钓鱼和游泳。所以我为大家安排了一些放松时间，这样每个人都能享受假期。so that以便，引导目的状语从句。根据句意，故填so that。 26．You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】nor 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：你无法控制他什么时候开始冒险，也无法确定你的努力会给你带来一张梦寐以求的明信片。根据空后的“can you be sure”可知，此处为部分倒装结构。根据句意，此处应用nor来连接否定的并列成分。故填nor。 27．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知，否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据下文中的talked可知，空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态，一般过去时态的助动词为did，将其置于主语之前，原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 28．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然金球仙人掌喜欢阳光，但它能忍受摄氏零度以下的温度。根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，且使用了部分倒装结构，应用as或though引导。故填as或though。 29．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：战争结束后，印第安人被驱赶到该国西部。直到1924年，他们才获得投票权。分析句意可知，词组not until“直到……才”引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应该使用部分倒装，而此句描述事实已发生，故使用一般过去时，即空格处需要填写的为提前的助动词did。故填did。 30．It was in the street I met an old classmate of mine the other day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句句型。句意：前几天我正是在街上遇见了我的一个老同学。结合句意，表示“正是在街上（不是在其他地方）”，可知考查强调句型It is/was…that/who…，强调地点状语in the street，用that。故填that。 语篇语法填空 Passage 1 （2025年虹口一模） How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【答案】1. which 2. an 3. both##either 4. whatever##what 5. more genuinely 6. to copy 7. because##as##since 8. used 9. choose 10. having read##reading 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lot of意为“大量”。故填an。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：both of意为“两个都”或者either of意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填both或者either。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文more like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填more genuinely。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+to do”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to copy。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methods和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填choose。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。 Passage 2 （2025年长宁一模） The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, ____1____(take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves ____2____(grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, ____3____ gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ____4____ extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants ____5____ they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain ____6____(fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once ____7____(stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding____8____(require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost ____9____ can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. _____10_____ shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. 【答案】1. take 2. growing 3. which 4. on##for##during##amid 5. wherever/where 6. to fill 7. stuffed 8. is required 9. anyhing##everthing 10. Whatever##What 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了容器园艺的好处。 【1题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果是这种情况，请考虑进行容器园艺。前文If引导条件从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。故填take。 2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法是把植物种在花盆和容器里，而不是在地里。involve后接动名词作宾语。故填growing。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：事实上，一个阳光充足的室内厨房窗台非常适合种植一些小植物，它可以让你在准备食物时轻松获取草药和蔬菜。空格后面的句子“gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整个句子，因此使用关系代词which。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。 【5题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：容器可以让你把植物放在它们生长最佳的地方。空处引导地点状语从句，用连词wherever/where。故填wherever/where。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：有了容器，你几乎肯定会用肥沃的土壤填满它们。be certain to do something是固定用法，表示有把握做某事。故填to fill。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦装满，大容器就会变得很重。本句为Once引导状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once large containers are stuffed，省略了主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故填stuffed。 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：一个最大的好处是，几乎不需要除草。空格处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且little or no weeding与require为被动关系。故填is required。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：人们也喜欢几乎所有东西/任何东西都可以用作容器这一事实。根据句意可知，不定代词anything或者everything做主语。故填anyhing/everthing。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：能展示你的园艺技能和创造力的是一个容器花园。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词whatever/what。符合句意。故填Whatever/What。 Passage 3 （2025年徐汇一模） Pioneers in artificial intelligence win the Nobel Prize in physics The 2024 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. They are known for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning ___1___ paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today. Machine learning differs from traditional software. The software receives data, which is processed according to a clear description, and ___2___ (produce) the results. In machine learning, the computer learns by example, enabling it to tackle problems that are too complicated ___3___ (manage) by step-by-step instructions. Hinton and Hopfield ___4___ (credit) with using tools from physics to advance basic research in the field. In 1982, Hopfield developed a model of neural (神经的) networks, today known as the Hopfield network, to describe how the brain recalls memories when ___5___ (feed) partial information, similar to the method your brain uses to remember a word on the tip of your tongue. Geoff Hinton and colleagues further developed the Hopfield network. To do that, Hinton used statistical physics, based on an equation invented by the nineteenth century physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, creating a “Boltzmann machine.” It can learn— not from instructions, but from ___6___ (give) examples. A trained Boltzmann machine can recognize familiar traits (特质) in information it has not previously seen. Imagine meeting a friend’s brother or sister, and you can immediately see that they ___7___ be related. In a similar way, the Boltzmann machine can recognize an entirely new example ___8___ it belongs to a category found in the training material. Hinton has also urged caution around the technology. Hinton quit his job as a vice president last year at a tech giant. He said he left because he wanted to be able to share his concerns about the risks of artificial intelligence without worrying ____9____it would mean for his employer. “One of the ways in which these systems might escape control is by writing their own computer code to modify ____10____,” Hinton said in a 2023 interview. “That’s something we need to seriously worry about.” 【答案】1. which 2. produces 3. to manage## to be managed 4. are credited##were credited 5. fed 6. being given## given 7. must 8. if##when 9. what 10. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖得主因机器学习领域贡献获奖，并讨论了AI风险。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们因在机器学习领域的根本性发现而闻名，这为今天人工智能的使用奠定了基础。根据空前are和空后paved可知，空处为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为their fundamental discoveries，指物，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：软件接收数据，根据明确描述进行处理，并产生结果。根据空前and可知，空处为谓语动词，和receive并列，表示一般事实，需用一般现在时，主语为The software，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。故填produces。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在机器学习中，计算机通过示例学习，使其能够解决通过逐步指令无法管理的过于复杂的问题。根据空前are too complicated可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，固定搭配be complicated to do sth.“做某事是复杂的”，可填to manage,也可以构成固定搭配too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，修饰problems，problems和manage之间为被动关系，需用to be managed。故填to manage/to be managed。 【4题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：Hinton和Hopfield因使用物理学工具推动该领域的基础研究而受到赞誉。根据空前主语Hinton and Hopfield可知，空处需用谓语动词作谓语，既可指陈述现在事实，需用一般现在时，也可指陈述过去事实，需用一般过去时，主语为Hinton and Hopfield，为复数形式，谓语需用复数形式，和主语之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填are credited/were credited。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1982年，Hopfield开发了一种神经网络模型，今天被称为Hopfield网络，用于描述当大脑接收到部分信息时如何回忆记忆，这与你的大脑记住舌尖上的单词的方法相似。根据空前when可知，此句为when引导时间状语从句的省略句，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，when引导的从句中主语为the brain，和feed之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填fed。 【6题详解】 考查形容词或动名词。句意：它可以学习——不是从指令中学习，而是从给出的例子中学习。根据空前from和空后examples可知，空处需用形容词作名词examples的定语，需用given，意为“特定的”。也可看成动名词，作介词from的宾语，与examples为被动关系，应用被动语态，需用being given。故填being given/given。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：想象一下，当你遇到朋友的兄弟姐妹时，你肯定可以立刻看出他们有亲戚关系。根据空前they和空后be可知，空处需用情态动词must表示“肯定”。故填must。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：同样地，Boltzmann机器可以识别一个全新的例子，如果它属于训练材料中找到的一个类别。根据空前can和空后belongs可知，空处需用从属连词引导状语从句，根据句意可知，空处需用从属连词if/when表示“如果/当……时”。故填if/when。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他说他离职是因为他想能够分享他对人工智能风险的担忧，而不必担心这会对他的雇主意味着什么。根据空前worrying和空后would可知，空处引导宾语从句，作worrying的宾语，从句中缺少 mean的宾语，指物，需用连接词what。故填what。 【点睛】考查代词。句意：Hinton在2023年的一次采访中说：“这些系统可能失控的方式之一是通过编写自己的计算机代码来修改自己。”根据空前modify可知，空处需用代词作modify的宾语，指代前面提到的computer code，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 Passage 4 （2025年杨浦一模） Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room ___1___ (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. ___2___ most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen ___3___ (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book ___4___ else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, ___5___ member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books ___6___ (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of ___7___ has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with ___8___ contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though ___9___ (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10____ ________ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 【答案】1. fell 2. Unlike 3. to be reading 4. someone 5. a 6. recommended 7. what 8. whom 9. founded 10. so that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声读书俱乐部，包括其活动形式、吸引的人群、创立过程以及意义等。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：十分钟后，房间安静了下来。根据前后句可知，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填fell。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：与大多数读书俱乐部不同，无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知，此处应用介词表示“与……不同”，介词unlike符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：设置很简单：带上你正在读的任何一本书。happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”，根据句意，描述的是最近正在读的书，不定式的进行时。故填to be reading。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些俱乐部吸引了内向者、书虫和那些反对把宝贵的阅读时间花在别人为他们挑选的书上的叛逆者。本句是省略which或者that的定语从句，从句缺少主语，应填名词或者代词作主语，根据句意，应是someone else意为“别的人”符合语境。故填someone。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：“我讨厌学校布置的阅读，”科特尼·韦伯斯特摇着头说，她自2019年成立以来一直是这个俱乐部的成员。此处是固定搭配：a member of意为“……的一员”。故填a。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。本句已有谓语动词see，所以recommend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语books之间是被动关系，用过去分词，表被动。故填recommended。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：斯特雷特在广播中听到了第一个默读俱乐部创始人的故事，并立即与他建立了联系。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是the founder，在从句中作介词宾语，指人，用宾格whom引导。故填whom。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他的俱乐部虽然成立才一年，但现在已经有100多名常客了。本句是though引导的让步状语从句，此处是省略句，完整句子为though his club was founded only a year ago，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可省略。故填founded。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：正如斯特雷特所强调的，这个俱乐部是为每个人服务的，现在它定期组织活动，以便那些害羞的人可以在隐私和社交之间找到平衡。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应是so that意为“以便”引导结果状语从句。故填so that。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$