外刊时文 阅读理解 13 野生动物篇-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage 1 字数：225 关键词：隐秘世界：黑头林鵙鹟 来源：BBC Wildlife The Hooded Pitohui is a fascinating bird that inhabits the forests of New Guinea. With its medium-sized body, bright orange plumage, and black head, wings, and tail, it is easily distinguishable. What makes it truly remarkable is its toxicity, a characteristic shared by only a few bird species. The toxins it contains, known as batrachotoxins, are highly potent and were previously thought to be exclusive to certain poison dart frogs. These toxins are mainly concentrated in the Hooded Pitohui's skin and feathers, and their origin lies in its diet. The bird acquires the toxins by consuming specific insects, such as melyrid beetles of the genus Choresine. This toxicity serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it acts as a defense mechanism against predators. The bird's bright coloration is a warning sign, indicating its unpalatability or danger. Secondly, the compounds on its skin and feathers can repel external parasites like lice and mites, effectively serving as a natural "insecticide." In the New Guinea forest, there are other bird species with similar bright colors. Some of these are also toxic and engage in Müllerian mimicry, where they share a common warning appearance to deter predators. Additionally, there are non-toxic species that mimic the appearance of the toxic ones, a behavior known as Batesian mimicry. This complex ecological relationship among the birds showcases the wonders of nature's adaptations and survival strategies. 1. Where is the Hooded Pitohui found? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. In the Amazon rainforest B. In the forests of New Guinea C. In the African savannah D. In the Australian outback 2. What is the main function of the toxins in the Hooded Pitohui? (细节理解题 - 间接信息题) A. To help it fly faster B. To attract mates C. To defend against predators and repel parasites D. To digest food more easily 3. What is the best title for this text? (主旨归纳题 - 判断最佳标题) A. "The Mysterious Birds of New Guinea" B. "The Poisonous Hooded Pitohui and Its Ecological Role" C. "How Birds Survive in the Forest" D. "The Beauty of Avian Colors" 4. What can be inferred about the non-toxic birds that mimic the Hooded Pitohui? (推理判断题 - 细节判断题) A. They are stronger than the toxic birds. B. They have a better chance of survival by mimicking. C. They are not affected by predators. D. They will eventually become toxic. Passage 2 字数：184 关键词：蛇工作原理 来源：BBC Wildlife Snake fangs are fascinating yet somewhat terrifying structures. Fangs are used by snakes to inject venom and extract body fluids. They remain hidden, either tucked away inside the closed mouth or concealed behind what seems like a menacing, yet somewhat seductive, expression until the very moment of a strike, which often catches the prey off - guard. Not all snakes possess fangs. Boas and pythons, for example, rely on constriction to kill their prey and thus have no need for venom - injecting fangs. Among the snakes that do have fangs, there are different types. The largest family of snakes, the colubrids (garter, grass, and king snakes, among others), typically have a pair of slightly elongated fangs. Some snakes, like the two - striped forest pit viper, have fangs that are positioned at the front of the mouth. This allows them to strike quickly and inject venom efficiently. They slash at their prey and then retreat, waiting for the venom to take effect. Other snakes deliver venom through an internal channel that opens at the tip of the fang, much like a hypodermic needle. 1. What is the function of snake fangs? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. To help snakes digest food. B. To inject venom and extract body fluids. C. To make snakes look more intimidating. D. To help snakes climb trees. 2. Which of the following snakes do not have fangs? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. King snakes B. Boas C. Two - striped forest pit vipers D. Cobras 3. What is the main idea of the text? (主旨归纳题 - 文章主旨大意) A. To introduce the different types of snakes. B. To describe the appearance of snake fangs. C. To explain how snake fangs work and the types of fangs. D. To compare the hunting methods of snakes with and without fangs. 4. What can be inferred about snakes with fangs positioned at the front of the mouth? (推理判断题 - 细节判断题) A. They are more dangerous than other snakes. B. They can inject venom more quickly. C. They are slower in attacking their prey. D. They mainly hunt small animals. Passage 3 字数：200 关键词：拯救夏威夷的鸣禽 来源：BBC Wildlife In the beautiful Hawaiian Islands, the honeycreepers, a unique group of birds, are now in a critical situation. The kiwikiu, or the Maui Parrotbill, is at the forefront of this crisis. Currently, there are only approximately 100 kiwikiu left in the wild, and experts predict that they might go extinct within a short span of three years. The root of this problem dates back to the 19th century when mosquitoes were accidentally introduced to Hawaii. These mosquitoes brought avian malaria, which has had a devastating impact on the local bird populations. In addition to this, the destruction and fragmentation of their natural habitats due to human development and the presence of invasive predators have further pushed these birds towards the brink of extinction. The Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project has been actively involved in trying to save these precious birds. However, the kiwikiu's reproductive habits pose a significant challenge. They have a very slow breeding rate, with females laying only one egg per year. Moreover, the chicks are extremely dependent on their parents for a long period of about 18 months, during which they need constant care and protection. This makes it extremely difficult to increase their population numbers quickly. 1. How many kiwikiu are left in Hawaii? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. Less than 50 B. Approximately 100 C. Around 200 D. More than 300 2. What caused the decline of the honeycreepers in Hawaii? (细节理解题 - 间接信息题) A. Only the introduction of mosquitoes B. Habitat loss alone C. The introduction of mosquitoes, habitat loss, and invasive predators D. A natural disaster 3. What is the main idea of the text? (主旨归纳题 - 文章主旨大意) A. To introduce the different species of honeycreepers in Hawaii. B. To describe the beauty of the Hawaiian Islands. C. To explain the critical situation of the kiwikiu and the efforts to save it. D. To discuss the importance of birds in the ecosystem. 4. What can be inferred about the future of the kiwikiu? (推理判断题 - 预测判断题) A. It will definitely recover with the current efforts. B. Its situation is very difficult, but there is still a glimmer of hope if conservation efforts continue. C. It will go extinct despite all efforts. D. It will be able to increase its population rapidly. 4. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage 1 字数：225 关键词：隐秘世界：黑头林鵙鹟 来源：BBC Wildlife The Hooded Pitohui is a fascinating bird that inhabits the forests of New Guinea. With its medium-sized body, bright orange plumage, and black head, wings, and tail, it is easily distinguishable. What makes it truly remarkable is its toxicity, a characteristic shared by only a few bird species. The toxins it contains, known as batrachotoxins, are highly potent and were previously thought to be exclusive to certain poison dart frogs. These toxins are mainly concentrated in the Hooded Pitohui's skin and feathers, and their origin lies in its diet. The bird acquires the toxins by consuming specific insects, such as melyrid beetles of the genus Choresine. This toxicity serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it acts as a defense mechanism against predators. The bird's bright coloration is a warning sign, indicating its unpalatability or danger. Secondly, the compounds on its skin and feathers can repel external parasites like lice and mites, effectively serving as a natural "insecticide." In the New Guinea forest, there are other bird species with similar bright colors. Some of these are also toxic and engage in Müllerian mimicry, where they share a common warning appearance to deter predators. Additionally, there are non-toxic species that mimic the appearance of the toxic ones, a behavior known as Batesian mimicry. This complex ecological relationship among the birds showcases the wonders of nature's adaptations and survival strategies. 1. Where is the Hooded Pitohui found? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. In the Amazon rainforest B. In the forests of New Guinea C. In the African savannah D. In the Australian outback 2. What is the main function of the toxins in the Hooded Pitohui? (细节理解题 - 间接信息题) A. To help it fly faster B. To attract mates C. To defend against predators and repel parasites D. To digest food more easily 3. What is the best title for this text? (主旨归纳题 - 判断最佳标题) A. "The Mysterious Birds of New Guinea" B. "The Poisonous Hooded Pitohui and Its Ecological Role" C. "How Birds Survive in the Forest" D. "The Beauty of Avian Colors" 4. What can be inferred about the non-toxic birds that mimic the Hooded Pitohui? (推理判断题 - 细节判断题) A. They are stronger than the toxic birds. B. They have a better chance of survival by mimicking. C. They are not affected by predators. D. They will eventually become toxic. 答案 1. B The Hooded Pitohui is a bird that inhabits the forests of New Guinea. 2. C The toxicity serves as a defense against predators and the compounds can repel parasites. 3. B The text mainly focuses on the Hooded Pitohui's toxicity and its role in the ecosystem. 4. B Non-toxic birds mimic the appearance of toxic ones like the Hooded Pitohui, which likely gives them a better chance of survival as predators may avoid them. Passage 2 字数：184 关键词：蛇工作原理 来源：BBC Wildlife Snake fangs are fascinating yet somewhat terrifying structures. Fangs are used by snakes to inject venom and extract body fluids. They remain hidden, either tucked away inside the closed mouth or concealed behind what seems like a menacing, yet somewhat seductive, expression until the very moment of a strike, which often catches the prey off - guard. Not all snakes possess fangs. Boas and pythons, for example, rely on constriction to kill their prey and thus have no need for venom - injecting fangs. Among the snakes that do have fangs, there are different types. The largest family of snakes, the colubrids (garter, grass, and king snakes, among others), typically have a pair of slightly elongated fangs. Some snakes, like the two - striped forest pit viper, have fangs that are positioned at the front of the mouth. This allows them to strike quickly and inject venom efficiently. They slash at their prey and then retreat, waiting for the venom to take effect. Other snakes deliver venom through an internal channel that opens at the tip of the fang, much like a hypodermic needle. 1. What is the function of snake fangs? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. To help snakes digest food. B. To inject venom and extract body fluids. C. To make snakes look more intimidating. D. To help snakes climb trees. 2. Which of the following snakes do not have fangs? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. King snakes B. Boas C. Two - striped forest pit vipers D. Cobras 3. What is the main idea of the text? (主旨归纳题 - 文章主旨大意) A. To introduce the different types of snakes. B. To describe the appearance of snake fangs. C. To explain how snake fangs work and the types of fangs. D. To compare the hunting methods of snakes with and without fangs. 4. What can be inferred about snakes with fangs positioned at the front of the mouth? (推理判断题 - 细节判断题) A. They are more dangerous than other snakes. B. They can inject venom more quickly. C. They are slower in attacking their prey. D. They mainly hunt small animals. 答案 1. B 根据文中 “Fangs inject venom and extract body fluids.” 可知答案是 B。 2. B 文中提到 “Not all snakes have fangs. Those that squeeze the life out of their prey, such as boas and pythons, have no need for them.”，所以答案是 B。 3. C 文章主要讲述了蛇牙的作用以及不同类型蛇牙的工作原理，答案是 C。 4. B 文中提到 “snakes like the two - striped forest pit viper, have fangs that are positioned at the front of the mouth. This allows them to strike quickly and inject venom efficiently.”，由此可推断出答案是 B。 Passage 3 字数：200 关键词：拯救夏威夷的鸣禽 来源：BBC Wildlife In the beautiful Hawaiian Islands, the honeycreepers, a unique group of birds, are now in a critical situation. The kiwikiu, or the Maui Parrotbill, is at the forefront of this crisis. Currently, there are only approximately 100 kiwikiu left in the wild, and experts predict that they might go extinct within a short span of three years. The root of this problem dates back to the 19th century when mosquitoes were accidentally introduced to Hawaii. These mosquitoes brought avian malaria, which has had a devastating impact on the local bird populations. In addition to this, the destruction and fragmentation of their natural habitats due to human development and the presence of invasive predators have further pushed these birds towards the brink of extinction. The Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project has been actively involved in trying to save these precious birds. However, the kiwikiu's reproductive habits pose a significant challenge. They have a very slow breeding rate, with females laying only one egg per year. Moreover, the chicks are extremely dependent on their parents for a long period of about 18 months, during which they need constant care and protection. This makes it extremely difficult to increase their population numbers quickly. 1. How many kiwikiu are left in Hawaii? (细节理解题 - 直接信息题) A. Less than 50 B. Approximately 100 C. Around 200 D. More than 300 2. What caused the decline of the honeycreepers in Hawaii? (细节理解题 - 间接信息题) A. Only the introduction of mosquitoes B. Habitat loss alone C. The introduction of mosquitoes, habitat loss, and invasive predators D. A natural disaster 3. What is the main idea of the text? (主旨归纳题 - 文章主旨大意) A. To introduce the different species of honeycreepers in Hawaii. B. To describe the beauty of the Hawaiian Islands. C. To explain the critical situation of the kiwikiu and the efforts to save it. D. To discuss the importance of birds in the ecosystem. 4. What can be inferred about the future of the kiwikiu? (推理判断题 - 预测判断题) A. It will definitely recover with the current efforts. B. Its situation is very difficult, but there is still a glimmer of hope if conservation efforts continue. C. It will go extinct despite all efforts. D. It will be able to increase its population rapidly. 答案 1. B 文中明确提到 “Currently, there are only approximately 100 kiwikiu left in the wild”，所以答案是 B。 2. C 文中指出 “the introduction of mosquitoes, habitat loss, and invasive predators” all contributed to the decline，所以答案是 C。 3. C 文章主要讲述了 kiwikiu 的濒危状况以及人们为拯救它所做的努力，答案是 C。 4. B 虽然 kiwikiu 面临诸多困难，但文中提到了保护项目在努力，所以可以推断出情况艰难但仍有希望，答案是 B。A 选项 “definitely” 太绝对；C 选项过于悲观；D 选项与文中它繁殖缓慢的描述不符。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$