第07讲 动名词与分词(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)

2024-12-23
| 2份
| 30页
| 1661人阅读
| 114人下载
精品

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 动名词,现在分词
使用场景 中考复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 918 KB
发布时间 2024-12-23
更新时间 2024-12-26
作者 学科网初英精品工作室
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2024-12-23
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/49476566.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

第07讲 动名词和分词 目录 考情透视·目标导航.............................................................................................................................. 2 知识导图·思维引航.............................................................................................................................. 3 考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 3 考点一 动名词...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.动名词的构成与特征................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.动名词的用法.............................................................................................................................................................. 5 3.主动形式表被动含义.................................................................................................................................................. 6 考点二 动词的现在分词...................................................................................................................... 8 1.作状语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.作定语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.作表语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.作补语........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 考点三 动词的过去分词..................................................................................................................... 12 1.作定语........................................................................................................................................................................ 13 2.作补语......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.作表语........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.作状语........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 5.过去分词用于省略句................................................................................................................................................ 15 6.v.+-ed/-ing变成形容词............................................................................................................................................ 15 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动名词 · 掌握动名词的作用,在句子中充当名词的角色,可以有复数形式和所有格。可以作为主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 · 10年10考 分析近年中考真题可知,中考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点运用与长难句的考查,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合语态进行综合设题,侧重动词时态、语态和主谓一致。 ‌现在分词 · 掌握现在分词在句中不能单独作谓语,具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语,有时态和语态的变化。 · 10年10考 过去分词‌ · 掌握过去分词表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状、语。‌ · 近10年连续考查 目标导航: 1.动名词、现在分词和过去分词的基本用法; 2.掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词的用法区别; ❤锦囊妙计 非谓语动词解题步骤: 1.寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2.判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3.找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 锦囊1:变动名词 1. 位于介词后,作宾语; 2. 用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中,如:enjoy,avoid, finish, practice等: 3. 动名词作主语。 锦囊2:变现在分词 1. 作补足语,与被修饰词构成主动关系.如:I hear a girl singing.(主动); 2.作定语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系,如:a running boy(进行);a boy running towards me(主动)。锦囊3:变过去分词 1. 作补足语,与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:I'll get my bike washed this afternoon.(动宾); 2.作定语,表示动作已完成或与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:fallen leaves(已完成): a book written by David(动宾)。 考点一 动名词 知识梳理 1.动名词的构成与特征 动名词由“动词原形(do)+-ing”构成,其形式与现在分词的构成相同,否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如: ①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。 ②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。 2.动名词的用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动名词放在句首作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。 作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。 作定语 动名词作定语时,表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,放在被修饰词之前。 Our country is a developing country. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。 作宾语 动名词作宾语时,既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。 ①I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。(作动词宾语) ②A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. 一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。(作介词宾语) 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅; admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想; avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏; forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡; 【名师提醒】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外,还可以作介词的宾语,下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.; spend...(in) doing sth.; There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.; have a good/wonderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。 例1.I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 【名师点睛】 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,意义有区别,要特别注意。 be used to do被用来做 be used to doing习惯于;适应于; forget to do sth 忘记去做某事; forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事; remember to do sth记住去做某事; remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事; regret to do sth遗憾去做某事; regret doing sth后悔做过某事; stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事; stop doing sth停止做一件事; try to do sth努力/试图做某事; try doing sth尝试着做某事; mean to do sth已与/企图做某事; mean doing sth意味着做某事; go on to do sth(做完某事)接着做另一件事;go on doing sth继续做同一件事; can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事; can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事; 3.主动形式表被动含义 场合 示例 want/need/require doing=to be done 需要做某事 My room requires cleaning every day. 我的房间每天需要打扫。 be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做 This book is worth reading.  这本书值得一读。 deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得做 He deserved to be punished.=He deserved punishing. 他应受惩罚。 即时训练 1.—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English? —Yes, but I try to make myself ________. A.speaking, understood B.to speak, understood C.speaking, understand D.to speak, to understand 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——你说英语有困难吗?——是的,但我试着让别人理解我。考查非谓语动词。根据第一个空前的介词“in”可知,此处用动名词形式,作宾语;根据第二个空前的使役动词“make”可知,空处作宾补,宾语与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式。故选A。 2.Now a great number of people from all over the world enjoy ________ Chinese tea. A.drink B.drinks C.drinking D.to drink 【答案】C 【解析】句意:现在,来自世界各地的许多人都喜欢喝中国茶。考查动名词。enjoy doing sth“享受做某事”,为固定搭配,空格处为动名词。故选C。 3.—How much difficulty did you have ________ out the maths problem? —None. It’s quite easy. A.worked B.to work C.working D.to working 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——你在解决这个数学问题时遇到了多大困难?——没有。这很容易。考查非谓语动词用法。have difficulty (in) doing表达“做某事有困难”,此处用work的动名词working。故选C。 4.I think your suggestions are ________ to me and they are worth ________. A.valuable; take B.valuable; taking C.value; take D.value; taking 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我认为你的建议对我很有价值,值得采纳。考查形容词和名词辨析以及非谓语动词。valuable有价值的(形容词);value价值(名词)。根据“your suggestions are...to me”可知,此处应用短语be valuable to sb.“对某人有价值”,形容词valuable作表语;根据短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”可知,第二空应选taking。故选B。 5.—The Maldives (马尔代夫) is building the world’s first floating (漂浮的) city and plans to complete it in 2027. —Really? I have ever imagined ________ on the sea. This idea could soon come true. A.live B.living C.to live 【答案】B 【解析】句意:—— 马尔代夫正在建造世界上第一个浮动城市,计划于2027年完工。——真的?我曾经想象过在海上生活。这个想法可能很快就会成为现实。考查非谓语。此处是短语imagine doing sth. “想象做某事”,空处用doing形式,故选B。 6.Today, we must continue ________ to keep our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear. A.work B.working C.to work D.worked 【答案】B 【解析】句意:今天,我们必须继续努力来保持我们的天空湛蓝、海水清澈和土地干净。考查非谓语动词。work工作,动词原形;working动名词/现在分词;to work动词不定式;worked动词过去式/过去分词。continue doing sth继续做某事,强调继续做之前未完成或正在做的事情。continue to do sth继续做某事,侧重于做完一件事后继续做另一件事。根据题干可知,是指继续努力这个过程,应用动名词,故选B。 7.—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the music is really worth ________ twice. A. managing; being listened to B.managing; listening to B. C.to manage; being listened to D.to manage; listening to 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你不知道我费了多大的劲才弄到两张票。——但这音乐真的值得听两遍。考查非谓语动词。根据“You don’t know what great difficulty I had…to get the two tickets.”可知,have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事很困难”;be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”,固定词组。故选B。 8.________ is the best way to improve my ________ skills. A.Read, speaking B.Read, speaking C.Read, spoken D.Reading, spoken 【答案】D 【解析】句意:阅读是提高我口语能力的最好方法。考查动名词作主语和形容词词义辨析。speaking讲话的;spoken口语的。根据“is the best way to”可知,空一处作主语,应用动名词Reading,排除A、B、C选项。故选D。 考点二 动词的现在分词 知识梳理 现在分词:主要描述动作的进行状态或性质,在句中不能单独作谓语,具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语,有时态和语态的变化。 -ing分词的时态和语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.作状语 (1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 (2)如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。(即连接词+现在分词:表示与主语之间主动关系) 例1:Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2:When getting off the bus, you must be careful. 当下车的时候,你必须要小心。 2.作定语 现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途,不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。(现在分词作定语) =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。(动名词作定语表用途) 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. (现在分词作定语)讲座于昨晚7点开始,接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 3.作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为;分词作表语说明主语的性质或状态。 He’s amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored. 他很风趣,而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时,就会给我们讲笑话。 例1. The news that our team had won was very inspiring. 我们队获胜的消息非常鼓舞人心。 例2. Your idea sounds very interesting. 你的想法听起来很有趣。 4.作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补,动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系,说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时,宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。) 2. with+宾语+doing表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生;with+宾语+done表示被动或完成; with+宾语+to do表示将要发生的动作。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。(宾语补足语) 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.(主语补足语) 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.(宾语补足语) 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵,他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。 即时训练 1.The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A.making B.to make C.and make D.and making 【答案】A 【解析】句意:太阳明亮地照耀着,使那里的一切看起来更加美丽。考查非谓语动词。根据“The sun was shining brightly”可知,逻辑主语与句子主语一致,且逻辑主语与make之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式做状语,表达“让那里的一切看起来更加美丽”。故选A。 2.There are only ten minutes ________. A.remained B.remaining C.remains D.being remained 【答案】B 【解析】句意:只剩下十分钟了。考查现在分词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要用非谓语动词,remain,作不及物动词,无被动语态,remaining作后置定语修饰ten minutes,表示剩下十分钟了。故选B。 3.He hurried home, _________behind as he went. A.looking B.looked C.being look D.was looking 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他匆匆赶回家,边走边回头看。考查非谓语动词。根据“as he went”可知,边走边看。主语He与look之间是主动关系,非谓语动词应用现在分词。故选A。 4.He jumped into the water when he heard a boy ________ for help. A.call B.is calling C.calling D.to call 【答案】C 【解析】句意:当他听到一个男孩呼救时,他跳入了水中。考查非谓语动词。根据“He jumped into the water when he heard a boy...for help”可知,此处是hear sb. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”,表示他听见一个男孩正在呼救,所以空格处应填calling。故选C。 5.Michael Jackson ________ as “King of Pop” was announced dead on June 25th, ________ the world. A.regarded, surprised B.who regarded, surprising C.regarded, surprising D.was regarded, surprising 【答案】C 【解析】句意:被视为“流行之王”的迈克尔杰克逊,在六月二十五日,被宣布死亡,全世界震惊了。考查非谓语动词。第一空,表达的是“被认为……”,句中已经有“was announced”谓语动词,所以这里应该用regarded过去分词做定语,相当于定语从句who was regarded as...;第二空,表达结果是“震惊了全世界”,表主动,这里作结果状语,应该用现在分词,故选C。 6.The man is lying on the bed, ________ to the radio. A.listen B.listened C.listens D.listening 【答案】D 【解析】句意:那个男人躺在床上,听着收音机。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格后表示男子的状态,应用现在分词作状语,表伴随。故选D。 7.—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________. —Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes is enough. A.washing B.to wash C.washed D.wash 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——快点,杰森!我们要去电影院,但衣服还需要洗。——别担心。我认为三十分钟就足够了。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处指衣服需要被洗,need doing sth.“某事需要被做”,故空格处应为washing。故选A。 8.China launched the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship several days ago, ________ three astronauts to its space station combination for a five-month mission. A.to send B.sent C.sending D.have sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意:几天前,中国发射了神舟十六号载人飞船,将三名宇航员送入空间站进行为期五个月的任务。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此句已有谓语动词launched,此空应填现在分词作状语,表示主动关系,故选C。 9.In his free time, he likes traveling around, ________ his discoveries on the phone. A.recording B.to record C.recorded D.records 【答案】A 【解析】句意:在他的空闲时间,他喜欢到处旅行,用手机记录他的发现。考查现在分词作状语。根据“In his free time, he likes traveling around, ...his discoveries on the phone.”可知,主语是动作的发出者,用现在分词作伴随状语,故选A。 10.When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A.flies B.flying C.flew D.fly 【答案】B 【解析】句意:当我走在街上时,我看到一架无人机从我头顶飞过。考查非谓语动词。see…do sth看到……做某事,强调看到整个过程或经常发生的动作;see…doing sth看到……正在做某事,强调动作正在进行。根据“When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机)… over my head”可知,看到无人机正从头顶上飞过,应填现在分词作宾补,故选B。 考点三 动词的过去分词 过去分词的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 过去分词构成形式:done 过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。 1.作定语 1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作; 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 例1. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 例2. I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。 例3. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 例4. The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 2.作补语 场合 用法 示例 观感类 使役类 动词后 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。 with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 With his homework finished, he went to the park to play.  作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。 例1. He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes. 他是个很幽默的人,总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。 例2. I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。 3.作表语 1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的; known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 【易错提醒】 作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。 例1. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语the window所处的状态broken)这扇窗户碎了。 例2. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。 例3. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 4.作状语 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。 例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后面。 例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...) 例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。 5.过去分词用于省略句 过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略be动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。 例1. When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。 =When it is completed, ... 例2. Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. =Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 6.v.+-ed/-ing变成形容词 v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物) amaze→amazed  吃惊的→ amazing  令人大为惊奇的 bore→ bored  (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring  令人厌倦(或厌烦)的 excite→ excited  兴奋的→ exciting  令人激动的 interest → interested  感兴趣的→ interesting  有趣的 please→ pleased  高兴,满意→ pleasing  令人高兴的 relax→ relaxed  放松的→ relaxing  令人放松的 satisfy→ satisfied  满意的→ satisfying  令人满意(或满足)的 surprise→ surprised  惊讶的→ surprising  令人吃惊的 tire→ tired   疲倦的→ tiring  令人困倦的 即时训练 1.—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.   —Take your time. There’s no rush. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 【答案】D 【解析】句意:——我不能在晚上7点前完成工作。我需要更多的时间。——慢慢来。不着急。 考查非谓语动词。get sth. done意为“某事被做”,固定用法。故选D。 2.The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented 【答案】B 【解析】句意:上个月发明的新机器人可以代替人类做许多工作。考查非谓语动词。根据“can do”可知,空处用非谓语动词,主语“robot”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系,因此此处用动词过去分词形式表被动。故选B。 3.—Dad, my computer doesn’t work.    —I will get it ________ tomorrow. A.repair B.to repair C.repaired D.repairing 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——爸爸,电脑不工作了。——我明天修理一下它。考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的computer,与repair构成被动关系,所以此处用get sth done表示“某物被……”,故选C。 4.The photo ________ ten years ago reminds me of those sweet memories. A.was taken B.taken C.has taken D.took 【答案】B 【解析】句意:10年前拍的那张照片让我想起了那些甜蜜的回忆。考查过去分词作定语。was taken被拍,用于一般过去时的被动语态;taken被拍,动词take的过去分词;has taken已经拍了,用于现在完成时;took拍,动词take的过去式。根据“reminds”可知此处应用非谓语动词修饰名词photo,photo与动词take存在被动关系,因此应用take的过去分词taken作定语。故选B。 5.________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A.Compared B.To compare C.Comparing D.Compare 【答案】A 【解析】句意:与汽油车相比,电动汽车更节能,运行成本更低。考查非谓语动词。根据“...with gasoline cars”可知,此处动词compare与主语的关系为被动,应使用动词过去分词作状语。故选A。 6.The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A.made; remembered B.making; remember C.making; was remembered D.made; to remember 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他全身心投入的事业使他被全世界的人所铭记。考查谓语动词和非谓语动词。分析题干可知,第一空前是定语从句,“he devoted himself to”是从句部分,修饰先行词career,表示“全身心投入的事业”,所以第一空应填谓语动词,结合“devoted”可知应用一般过去时,动词用过去式made;第二空结合make和空后的by可知,此处是make sb done“使某人被……”,所以第二空应填过去分词作宾语补足语,故选A。 7.With the smoke alarm ________ outside the bedroom, the Greens were woken up in time to stop the terrible fire. A.placed B.placing C.to place 【答案】A 【解析】句意:由于烟雾报警器放在卧室外面,格林一家被及时叫醒,阻止了这场可怕的火灾。考查非谓语动词。空前的“ the smoke alarm”和place有被动关系,表示烟雾报警器“被放置”在教室外,所以用过去分词表示被动。故选A。 8.—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing achieved great success. —Yeah, and I’m proud of it. A.held B.was held C.hold D.is held 【答案】A 【解析】句意:——在北京举行的2022年冬季奥运会取得了巨大成功。——是的,我为它感到骄傲。考查非谓语动词。根据“The 2022 Winter Olympic Games...in Beijing achieved great success.”可知此句已有谓语动词achieved,此处应用非谓语动词,排除BCD选项,held此处是过去分词形式,作后置定语,故选A。 9.Why not read this article aloud? If you are always reading in a low voice, you can’t make yourself ________. Try to be confident! A.hear B.hearing C.heard 【答案】C 【解析】句意: 为什么不大声朗读这篇文章呢?如果你总是低声阅读,你就不能让别人听到你的声音。试着变得自信!考查非谓语动词。hear和yourself之间是被动关系,故使用被动语态作宾语补足语,故选C。 10.Mum has got everything _______ and we can’t wait _______ the party. A.prepared; enjoying B.prepared; to enjoy C.preparing; to enjoy 【答案】B 【解析】句意:妈妈已经准备好了一切,我们迫不及待地想要享受这个聚会。考查非谓语动词。get sth done“完成某事”,固定用法,过去分词作宾语补足语;can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”,固定短语。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第07讲 动名词和分词 目录 考情透视·目标导航.............................................................................................................................. 2 知识导图·思维引航.............................................................................................................................. 2 考点突破·考法探究............................................................................................................................... 2 考点一 动名词...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.动名词的构成与特征................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.动名词的用法.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.主动形式表被动含义.................................................................................................................................................. 5 考点二 动词的现在分词...................................................................................................................... 7 1.作状语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.作定语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.作表语.......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.作补语........................................................................................................................................................................ 8 考点三 动词的过去分词..................................................................................................................... 9 1.作定语........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.作补语......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.作表语........................................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.作状语........................................................................................................................................................................ 11 5.过去分词用于省略句................................................................................................................................................ 12 6.v.+-ed/-ing变成形容词............................................................................................................................................ 12 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动名词 · 掌握动名词的作用,在句子中充当名词的角色,可以有复数形式和所有格。可以作为主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 · 10年10考 分析近年中考真题可知,中考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点运用与长难句的考查,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合语态进行综合设题,侧重动词时态、语态和主谓一致。 ‌现在分词 · 掌握现在分词在句中不能单独作谓语,具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语,有时态和语态的变化。 · 10年10考 过去分词‌ · 掌握过去分词表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状、语。‌ · 近10年连续考查 目标导航: 1.动名词、现在分词和过去分词的基本用法; 2.掌握现在分词、过去分词、动名词的用法区别; ❤锦囊妙计 非谓语动词解题步骤: 1.寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2.判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3.找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 锦囊1:变动名词 1. 位于介词后,作宾语; 2. 用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中,如:enjoy,avoid, finish, practice等: 3. 动名词作主语。 锦囊2:变现在分词 1. 作补足语,与被修饰词构成主动关系.如:I hear a girl singing.(主动); 2.作定语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系,如:a running boy(进行);a boy running towards me(主动)。锦囊3:变过去分词 1. 作补足语,与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:I'll get my bike washed this afternoon.(动宾); 2.作定语,表示动作已完成或与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:fallen leaves(已完成): a book written by David(动宾)。 考点一 动名词 知识梳理 1.动名词的构成与特征 动名词由“动词原形(do)+-ing”构成,其形式与现在分词的构成相同,否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如: ①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。 ②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。 2.动名词的用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动名词放在句首作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。 作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。 作定语 动名词作定语时,表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,放在被修饰词之前。 Our country is a developing country. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。 作宾语 动名词作宾语时,既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。 ①I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。(作动词宾语) ②A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. 一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。(作介词宾语) 下列动词后只接动名词作宾语 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅; admit, delay/put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想; avoid,miss, keep/keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏; forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡; 【名师提醒】 1.动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外,还可以作介词的宾语,下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。 be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.; spend...(in) doing sth.; There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.; have a good/wonderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。 例1.I’m considering changing a job.我正考虑换份工作。 例2.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我盼望者很快收到你的来信。 【名师点睛】 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,意义有区别,要特别注意。 be used to do被用来做 be used to doing习惯于;适应于; forget to do sth 忘记去做某事; forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事; remember to do sth记住去做某事; remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事; regret to do sth遗憾去做某事; regret doing sth后悔做过某事; stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事; stop doing sth停止做一件事; try to do sth努力/试图做某事; try doing sth尝试着做某事; mean to do sth已与/企图做某事; mean doing sth意味着做某事; go on to do sth(做完某事)接着做另一件事;go on doing sth继续做同一件事; can’t help to do sth不能帮助做某事; can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事; 3.主动形式表被动含义 场合 示例 want/need/require doing=to be done 需要做某事 My room requires cleaning every day. 我的房间每天需要打扫。 be worth doing=be worthy of being done值得做 This book is worth reading.  这本书值得一读。 deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得做 He deserved to be punished.=He deserved punishing. 他应受惩罚。 即时训练 1.—Do you have any difficulty in ________ English? —Yes, but I try to make myself ________. A.speaking, understood B.to speak, understood C.speaking, understand D.to speak, to understand 2.Now a great number of people from all over the world enjoy ________ Chinese tea. A.drink B.drinks C.drinking D.to drink 3.—How much difficulty did you have ________ out the maths problem? —None. It’s quite easy. A.worked B.to work C.working D.to working 4.I think your suggestions are ________ to me and they are worth ________. A.valuable; take B.valuable; taking C.value; take D.value; taking 5.—The Maldives (马尔代夫) is building the world’s first floating (漂浮的) city and plans to complete it in 2027. —Really? I have ever imagined ________ on the sea. This idea could soon come true. A.live B.living C.to live 6.Today, we must continue ________ to keep our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear. A.work B.working C.to work D.worked 7.—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the music is really worth ________ twice. A. managing; being listened to B.managing; listening to B. C.to manage; being listened to D.to manage; listening to 8.________ is the best way to improve my ________ skills. A.Read, speaking B.Read, speaking C.Read, spoken D.Reading, spoken 考点二 动词的现在分词 知识梳理 现在分词:主要描述动作的进行状态或性质,在句中不能单独作谓语,具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语,有时态和语态的变化。 -ing分词的时态和语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.作状语 (1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。在句中表示结果、时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式等状语。 (2)如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。(即连接词+现在分词:表示与主语之间主动关系) 例1:Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 例2:When getting off the bus, you must be careful. 当下车的时候,你必须要小心。 2.作定语 现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途,不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 例1. There are lots of students wishing to join us.有许多学生想加入我们。(现在分词作定语) =There are lots of students who wish to join us. 例2. There are two teaching buildings in our school.我们学校有两座教学楼。(动名词作定语表用途) 例3. The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. (现在分词作定语)讲座于昨晚7点开始,接下来是用望远镜观测月球。 3.作表语 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为;分词作表语说明主语的性质或状态。 He’s amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored. 他很风趣,而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时,就会给我们讲笑话。 例1. The news that our team had won was very inspiring. 我们队获胜的消息非常鼓舞人心。 例2. Your idea sounds very interesting. 你的想法听起来很有趣。 4.作补语 1. 现在分词作宾补,动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系,说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时,宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。) 2. with+宾语+doing表示主动,说明动作正在发生或经常发生;with+宾语+done表示被动或完成; with+宾语+to do表示将要发生的动作。 例1. Jenny could hear them arguing outside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。(宾语补足语) 例2. An undeserved success is like a medal that is found lying in the street.(主语补足语) 例3. If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers.(宾语补足语) 如果拟看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵,他们就是联合国维和人员。 例4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 例5. With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间,约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 例6. With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做,她不被允许离开办公室。 即时训练 1.The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful. A.making B.to make C.and make D.and making 2.There are only ten minutes ________. A.remained B.remaining C.remains D.being remained 3.He hurried home, _________behind as he went. A.looking B.looked C.being look D.was looking 4.He jumped into the water when he heard a boy ________ for help. A.call B.is calling C.calling D.to call 5.Michael Jackson ________ as “King of Pop” was announced dead on June 25th, ________ the world. A.regarded, surprised B.who regarded, surprising C.regarded, surprising D.was regarded, surprising 6.The man is lying on the bed, ________ to the radio. A.listen B.listened C.listens D.listening 7.—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need ________. —Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes is enough. A.washing B.to wash C.washed D.wash 8.China launched the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship several days ago, ________ three astronauts to its space station combination for a five-month mission. A.to send B.sent C.sending D.have sent 9.In his free time, he likes traveling around, ________ his discoveries on the phone. A.recording B.to record C.recorded D.records 10.When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A.flies B.flying C.flew D.fly 考点三 动词的过去分词 过去分词的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 过去分词构成形式:done 过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。 1.作定语 1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作; 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 例1. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 例2. I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。 例3. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 例4. The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 2.作补语 场合 用法 示例 观感类 使役类 动词后 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。 with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 With his homework finished, he went to the park to play.  作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。 例1. He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes. 他是个很幽默的人,总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。 例2. I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。 3.作表语 1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的; known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 【易错提醒】 作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。 例1. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语the window所处的状态broken)这扇窗户碎了。 例2. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。 例3. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。 4.作状语 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 例1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。 例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后面。 例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...) 例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。 5.过去分词用于省略句 过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略be动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。 例1. When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。 =When it is completed, ... 例2. Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. =Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 6.v.+-ed/-ing变成形容词 v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物) amaze→amazed  吃惊的→ amazing  令人大为惊奇的 bore→ bored  (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring  令人厌倦(或厌烦)的 excite→ excited  兴奋的→ exciting  令人激动的 interest → interested  感兴趣的→ interesting  有趣的 please→ pleased  高兴,满意→ pleasing  令人高兴的 relax→ relaxed  放松的→ relaxing  令人放松的 satisfy→ satisfied  满意的→ satisfying  令人满意(或满足)的 surprise→ surprised  惊讶的→ surprising  令人吃惊的 tire→ tired   疲倦的→ tiring  令人困倦的 即时训练 1.—I can’t get the work ________ by 7:00 p.m. I need more time.   —Take your time. There’s no rush. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 2.The new robot _________ last month can do many jobs instead of humans. A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented 3.—Dad, my computer doesn’t work.    —I will get it ________ tomorrow. A.repair B.to repair C.repaired D.repairing 4.The photo ________ ten years ago reminds me of those sweet memories. A.was taken B.taken C.has taken D.took 5.________ with gasoline cars, electric cars are more energy saving, making them cheaper to operate. A.Compared B.To compare C.Comparing D.Compare 6.The career he devoted himself to ________ him ________ by people all over the world. A.made; remembered B.making; remember C.making; was remembered D.made; to remember 7.With the smoke alarm ________ outside the bedroom, the Greens were woken up in time to stop the terrible fire. A.placed B.placing C.to place 8.—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games ________ in Beijing achieved great success. —Yeah, and I’m proud of it. A.held B.was held C.hold D.is held 9.Why not read this article aloud? If you are always reading in a low voice, you can’t make yourself ________. Try to be confident! A.hear B.hearing C.heard 10.Mum has got everything _______ and we can’t wait _______ the party. A.prepared; enjoying B.prepared; to enjoy C.preparing; to enjoy 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

第07讲 动名词与分词(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)
1
第07讲 动名词与分词(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)
2
第07讲 动名词与分词(讲义)-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。