精品解析：上海市杨浦区2024-2025学年高三上学期12月模拟质量调研（一模）英语试卷

英语学科试卷 2024.12 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room ___1___ (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. ___2___ most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen ___3___ (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book ___4___ else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, ___5___ member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books ___6___ (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of ___7___ has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with ___8___ contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though ___9___ (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10_____ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. 【答案】1. fell 2. Unlike 3. to be reading 4. someone 5. a 6. recommended 7. what 8. whom 9. founded 10. so that##in order that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声读书俱乐部，包括其活动形式、吸引的人群、创立过程以及意义等。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：十分钟后，房间安静了下来。根据前后句可知，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填fell。 2题详解】 考查介词。句意：与大多数读书俱乐部不同，无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知，此处应用介词表示“与……不同”，介词unlike符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：设置很简单：带上你正在读的任何一本书。happen to do sth为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”，根据句意，描述的是最近正在读的书，不定式的进行时。故填to be reading。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：这些俱乐部吸引了内向者、书虫和那些反对把宝贵的阅读时间花在别人为他们挑选的书上的叛逆者。本句是省略which或者that的定语从句，从句缺少主语，应填名词或者代词作主语，根据句意，应是someone else意为“别的人”符合语境。故填someone。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：“我讨厌学校布置的阅读，”科特尼·韦伯斯特摇着头说，她自2019年成立以来一直是这个俱乐部的成员。此处是固定搭配：a member of意为“……的一员”。故填a。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。本句已有谓语动词see，所以recommend用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语books之间是被动关系，用过去分词，表被动。故填recommended。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：“每当我看到阅读清单上推荐的书时，我都不由自主地避开了它们。”坐在她对面的是马特·斯特雷特，他创立了已经成为全球现象的明尼阿波利斯分会。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：斯特雷特在广播中听到了第一个默读俱乐部创始人的故事，并立即与他建立了联系。空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是the founder，在从句中作介词宾语，指人，用宾格whom引导。故填whom。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，他的俱乐部虽然成立才一年，但现在已经有100多名常客了。本句是though引导的让步状语从句，此处是省略句，完整句子为though his club was founded only a year ago，当从句主语和主句主语相同，且有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可省略。故填founded。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：正如斯特雷特所强调的，这个俱乐部是为每个人服务的，现在它定期组织活动，以便那些害羞的人可以在隐私和社交之间找到平衡。空处引导状语从句，根据句意，应是so that意为“以便”引导结果状语从句或者in order that引导结果状语从句，表示“为了”。故填so that/in order that。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases ___11___ when we strive to make everyone happy, a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was ___12___ or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the ___14___ of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get ___15___ over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being ___18___; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. 【答案】11. H 12. C 13. I 14. A 15. J 16. F 17. B 18. G 19. K 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们中的许多人都面临着在节日期间为取悦他人而产生的压力。人际关系教练Helen Snape提出了一些建议来缓解压力。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用副词修饰动词increases，作状语，根据句意可知，此处表示“不成比例地”应用副词disproportionately，故选H。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意和下文“emotionally inconsistent”可知，此处表示父母的爱是有条件的，“有条件的”，应用形容词conditional，故选C。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：海伦·斯内普（Helen Snape）是一位健康的人际关系教练，她表示，有一些迹象可以帮助您轻松发现取悦他人的人。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词原形，根据句意和上文“there are signs to help easily”可知，有一些迹象帮助人们轻松发现那些取悦他人的人，“发现”为动词spot，故选I。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：“他们往往是优秀的团队合作者，能够解读房间的活力，并且非常擅长让其他人放松，”斯内普解释道。此处应用名词作宾语，根据句意可知，表示“活力”，应用名词energy，故选A。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些压力只会在节日期间变得更加严重。上文“People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family.”提到在节日期间，那些取悦他人的人们在取悦他人方面会格外明显可知，这种取悦他人的压力在节日期间变得更加强烈，get intensified意为“变得强烈”，故选J。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：斯内普建议，为了避免陷入你以后讨厌的经历，你必须提前确定并传达你的界限。此处应用名词作宾语，由a可知，应用名词单数，根据句意可知，此处表示“一段时间；一段经历”，应用名词episode，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于讨好他人的人来说，这是很难做到的，因为他们担心这会让家庭气氛感到压抑或窒息。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“令人窒息的”应用形容词choking，故选B。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：斯内普建议你记住，设定界限并不是刻薄；你实际上是在帮助对方了解你的需求，从长远来看，这将使这种关系以健康的方式持续下去。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，表示“刻薄的”，为形容词mean，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“设置这些限制会让人感到不舒服，但你可以放心，这种不舒服是暂时的，你会挺过去的，”斯内普说。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“确定的”，应用形容词assured。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：她建议通过在大自然中散步、平静的音乐或与朋友交谈等两项调节活动中来控制这种情绪不适。根据句意可知，此处表示将调节这种不适夹在两项调节活动之间，即通过调节两项活动来缓解这种不适，表示“把……夹在……之间”，为动词sandwich，由by可知，应用动名词作宾语，故选D。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social ___21___ and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be ___22___ or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to ___23___. For example, during the mass ___24___ of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘___25___’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more ___26___. Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some ___27___ results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen in part because we’re biologically hardwired to ___28___ physical motion. People will ___29___ treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to ___30___ in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it ___32___ to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot ___33___ away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than ___34___ a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth ___35___ kindness, instead. 21. A. media B. nature C. attitude D. change 22. A. orally B. mentally C. emotionally D. physiologically 23. A. suffer B. assume C. wonder D. inspect 24. A. adjustment B. absence C. awareness D. adoption 25. A. please B. sorry C. nasty D. perfect 26. A. tolerant B. violent C. mature D. inconsistent 27. A. definite B. positive C. inconclusive D. inaccurate 28. A. take in B. originate from C. react to D. associate with 29. A. readily B. coldly C. eventually D. obviously 30. A. emerge B. fade C. cross D. move 31. A. In addition B. After all C. In a way D. On the contrary 32. A. harder B. funnier C. easier D. worse 33. A. exposure B. company C. fancy D. abuse 34. A. mistreating B. mismanaging C. misleading D. misunderstanding 35. A. suspecting B. replacing C. spreading D. practising 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是人类与人工智能体（特别是机器人）之间关系的演变，以及这种关系可能带来的社会和心理影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：先进的机器人伴侣非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性，让我们的行为就像我们在与活物互动一样。A. media媒体；B. nature天性；C. attitude态度；D. change改变。根据下文“make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive”可知，此处是指机器人非常适合挖掘我们的社交天性。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对人工智能体实施口头或身体暴力意味着什么？A. orally口头上地；B. mentally精神上；C. emotionally情绪上；D. physiologically生理学方面。根据第5空后“prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，此处是指对人工智能体实施口头暴力，空格处意为“口头上地”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们已经开始怀疑了。A. suffer遭受；B. assume假定；C. wonder想知道；D. inspect检查，审视。根据下文“parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，人们已经开始怀疑人们和人工智能体关系。固定搭配start to wonder“开始想知道：开始对某事产生疑问或好奇心”。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在大量采用虚拟语音助手期间，家长们担心客厅里的小扬声器会教会孩子们变得粗鲁。A. adjustment调整；B. absence缺席；C. awareness意识；D. adoption采用。根据下文“the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude”可知，此处是指采用虚拟语音助手。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查感叹词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：大公司的回应是发布了一些特殊功能，鼓励使用“请”等语言，以防止孩子们对着这些设备吠叫。A. please请；B. sorry对不起；C. nasty恶毒的；D. perfect完美的。根据下文“to prevent children from barking commands at the devices”可知，为了防止孩子对人工智能体的语言暴力，所以鼓励使用“请”这种礼貌用语。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有回答殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力的问题。A. tolerant容忍的；B. violent暴力的；C. mature成熟的；D. inconsistent不一致的。根据上文“whether beating up robots makes people more”可知，此处是指殴打机器人是否会让人变得更暴力。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会对电子游戏也提出了类似的问题，但有些结果不确定。A. definite肯定的；B. positive积极的；C. inconclusive不确定的；D. inaccurate不准确的。根据下文“Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park.”可知，结果是不确定的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，我们对机器人的反应与对屏幕上人物的反应不同，部分原因是我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。A. take in吸收；B. originate from起源于；C. react to对……作出反应；D. associate with和……联系在一起。根据上文“we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to”可知，我们天生就会对身体运动做出反应。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的。A. readily容易地；B. coldly冷淡地；C. eventually最后；D. obviously显然。根据下文“treat any agent that moves like it’s alive”和常识可知，人们会很容易地把任何行动起来像是有生命一样的实体视为有生命的，空格处意为“容易地”。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着机器人的设计越来越好，在我们的潜意识里，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。A. emerge出现；B. fade消失；C. cross穿过；D. move移动。根据上文“As robot design gets better”可知，随着机器人的设计越来越好，活生生和栩栩如生之间的界限可能会逐渐消失。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，他们并没有伤害任何生物。A. In addition另外；B. After all毕竟；C. In a way在某种程度上；D. On the contrary相反。根据上文“it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain”和下文“they aren’t harming a living being”可知，此处表示毕竟他们并没有伤害任何生物。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗？A. harder更难的；B. funnier更有趣的；C. easier更容易的；D. worse更糟的。根据下文“Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study”可知，此处是问一个踢机器狗长大的孩子会觉得踢真狗更容易吗。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就目前而言，让孩子远离机器人虐待似乎是相当合理的。A. exposure暴露；B. company公司；C. fancy想象；D. abuse虐待。根据第一段“What does it mean to be ____ or physically violent toward an artificial agent?”可知，此处是指让孩子远离机器人虐待。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多，但为什么要这样做呢？A. mistreating虐待；B. mismanaging对……管理不善；C. misleading误导；D. misunderstanding误解。根据上文“treat an artificial agent poorly”可知，此处是指“这比虐待一个活生生的、有呼吸的生物要好得多”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如哲学家Vallor所言，相反，练习善良可能是值得的。A. suspecting怀疑；B. replacing代替；C. spreading传播；D. practising练习。根据上文“keep robot abuse away from little children”可知，远离机器人虐待，也就是要练习善良。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 36. The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A. the origin of BallMatics B. the challenges facing BallMatics C. the start of a lifelong friendship D. the dedication of the young teachers 37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A. The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B. The students’ changed attitude towards math. C. The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D. The efficiency in determining the winning team. 38. What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A. They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B. They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C. They will have to attend classes at a private school. D. They will be banned from playing in the game. 39. The best title for the article is ______. A. The Basics of Math B. The Road to Success C. A Sports Principle D. A Numbers Game 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，创立了BallMatics课程，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力，并介绍了该课程的发展历程和影响。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School.(将篮球和数学相结合的想法在 2011 年首次得到尝试，当时这两位如今的同事——他们已经创办了一个非营利性的辅导机构——受邀为在乔治中学九年级数学不及格的孩子们举办一个暑期学校项目)”以及第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math.(当学生们第一天出现时，他们并不兴奋。在接下来的几个小时里，Mandekic和McNee给孩子们传授了提高投篮水平的技巧，同时也帮助他们计算了投篮命中率——这反过来又教会了他们分数和小数。游戏结束时，根据哪一组的总百分比最高并做了最有效的数学计算来决定获胜的队伍)”可知，前两段主要介绍了BallMatics课程的起源，它源于2011 年Mandekic和McNee的一次暑期教学尝试。故选A项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited.(当学生们第一天来的时候，他们并不怎么兴奋)”和“‘When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,’ says Mandekic. ‘I realized we might be onto something.’(‘当铃声响起时，他们全神贯注于收集数据和计算哪支球队获胜，以至于他们都没有离开，’Mandekic说。‘我意识到我们可能找到了某种方法。’)”可知，是学生们对数学态度的改变让Mandekic和McNee意识到他们“可能找到了某种方法(might be onto something)”。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,’ he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class.(‘如果我们不做作业，我们就不能参加比赛，’他说，并补充说教练会让跟不上课堂的孩子坐冷板凳)”可知，根据Douglas的说法，在课堂上表现不好的孩子将被禁止参加比赛。故选D项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011(将篮球和数学结合起来的想法在2011年首次得到尝试)”以及后文关于BallMatics课程的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力。D项“A Numbers Game (数字比赛)”既体现了文章中的数学元素，又暗示了篮球比赛中的计分和数据分析，与文章主题紧密相关，是最佳标题。故选D项。 (B) How SEA GLASS IS MADE This ocean process turns household trash into sea treasures If glass starts its journey as silicon-rich sand. Through chemical processes and heating, sand is transformed into melted glass and is shaped into different products. Some thrown-away glass finds new life in a recycling center. Some end up in landfills, where it may eventually leak into waterways and oceans. When it passes into the ocean, crashes with rocks and other hard objects break up the glass into small pieces before decades or even hundreds of years of water erosion create small, smooth glass stones. Although glass possesses hardy qualities, it remains subject to the chemical degradation caused by salt water. The frosty look of sea glass comes not just from water erosion, but also from salty water's altering effects, creating a distinctive surface. Since the 1970s, with the rise of single-use plastic, less glass is reaching oceans, reducing the number of sea glass pieces found on shores. Did you know？ Shaping Junk Gemstones From waste glass to sought after stones The Fort Bragg was glass peaches are made of three vases, with size two and those ceasing the most glass BEAUTIFUL BEACH DEBRIS Fort Bragg Beaches in California were once used as a dump site for locals to throw away their rubbish, including glass waste. By 1957, the locals sought new dumping grounds, leaving the trash behind to decrease as metal waste was repurposed and biodegradable materials rotted away, leaving only glass. As decades passed, continual impact by ocean waves smoothed and rounded the edges of the glass creating a frosted sea glass beach. The Fort Bragg Glass Beach is now under the protection of McKerracher State Park, and removing any of the glass is prohibited. 40. Which step describes how glass waste becomes rounded and smoothed? A. Step 2. B. Step 3. C. Step 4. D. Step 6. 41. What happens to thrown-away glassware that does not enter the recycling process? A. It is used as building materials. B. It rots away due to exposure to sea water. C. It is melted and shaped into new items. D. It usually finds its way into the ocean. 42. A group of students are researching the history of the Fort Bragg Glass Beach. They have arranged the major events in time order. Which of the following best reflects this order? ① It became a deserted place. ② It was declared a protected zone. ③ It was covered with only glass. ④ It served as a glass jewelry workshop. ⑤ It was used as a natural dump site. A. ⑤②①④ B. ①⑤③④ C. ⑤①③② D. ①②⑤③ 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何将生活垃圾转化成海洋宝藏的过程。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据3 DRAGGED中的“The angular pieces of glass are dragged along the seafloor along with the tides, rounding off their sharp edges in the process.(这些棱角分明的玻璃碎片随着潮汐被拖到海底，在这个过程中，它们锋利的边缘被磨圆了。)”可知，步骤3描述了玻璃垃圾是如何变得又圆又光滑的。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据A部分的第一段“Some thrown-away glass finds new life in a recycling center. Some end up in landfills, where it may eventually leak into waterways and oceans.(一些被丢弃的玻璃在回收中心获得了新生。一些最终被填埋，在那里它可能最终泄漏到水道和海洋。)”可知， 那些没有进入回收过程的玻璃垃圾通常会进入海洋。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“BEAUTIFUL BEACH DEBRIS”中的“Fort Bragg Beaches in Califormnia were once used as a dump site for locals to throw away their rubbish, including glass waste.(加利福尼亚州的布拉格堡海滩曾经是当地人丢弃垃圾的垃圾场，其中包括玻璃垃圾。)”可知，⑤ It was used as a natural dump site.(它被用作天然的垃圾场。)排在第一；根据“By 1967, the locals sought new dumping grounds, leaving the trash behind.(到1967年，当地人开始寻找新的垃圾场，把垃圾留在了那里。)”可知，① It beame a deserted place.(那里成了废弃地。)排在第二；根据“Over time, the piles of rubbish began to decrease as metal waste was repurposed and biodegradable materials rotted away, leaving only glass.(随着时间的推移，垃圾开始减少，因为金属废物被重新利用，可生物降解的材料腐烂，只剩下玻璃。)”可知，③ It was covered with only glass.(它只被玻璃覆盖。）排在第三；根据“The Fort Bragg Glass Beach is now under the protection of Mackerricher State Park, and removing any of the glass is prohibited.(布拉格堡玻璃海滩现在受麦克里奇州立公园的保护，禁止移走任何玻璃。)”可知，② It was declared a protected zone.(它被宣布为保护区。)排在第四。故选C。 (C) Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically. The term dates back to the autism (自闭症) community in the 1990s, though it’s now applied to all sorts of mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Robert Chapman, a neurodivergent (脑功能异于常人的) philosopher with autism, “The only hope for autistic people and our families, it was thought, was that we would one day be fixed through behavioral or biomedical intervention.” Neurodiversity challenges that notion. Rather than assuming, for instance, that an autistic person’s struggles to find a job are the result of some internal shortcoming, neurodiversity research considers the existence of external explanations. The barriers to autistic employment emerge from the environment, not only the individual. Studies from 2022 and 2023 have shown that many autistic people are prosocial and skilled at seeing others’ perspectives, while neurodiversity advocates stress it takes two to communicate. Though autistic people may struggle to understand a neurotypical perspective, neurotypical people may struggle to understand an autistic perspective, making it a “double empathy (共情) problem”. This thread of research is already having an impact, helping autism interventions like the “social stories” technique take off. This intervention, which introduces autistic children to common social situations, works by facilitating communication between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, with a focus on supporting children, rather than “fixing” them. The technique is consistent with what autistic individuals advocate for themselves. An assessment of the funding of recent autism research revealed the majority was directed toward the biological causes of autism, while the minority was directed toward services, support and education. However, members of the autistic community felt the funding failed to reflect their priorities and wouldn’t have any effect on everyday lives. Crucially, the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves. “The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic, broken, and in need of fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 book. “This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement, which offered a different analysis, so liberating.” 43. According to neurodiversity movement, the main cause of autistic people’s struggle to function in society is ______. A an imbalance between research funding and public awareness B. a mismatch between their abilities and their surroundings C. the internal shortcomings autistic people are born with D. the barriers from behavioral or biomedical interventions 44. Which of the following statements about the “social stories” technique is TRUE? A. It is aimed at fixing the autistic children’s behavioral problems. B. It focuses on teaching neurotypical individuals about autistic people. C. It is based on the theory that neurodivergent people can be prosocial. D. It works by putting neurodivergent people into common social situations. 45. What can be inferred about Robert Chapman? A. He believes being autistic is a life-long tragedy. B. He has been fixed through bio-medical intervention. C. He is bothered by the negative narrative surrounding autism. D. He thinks autistic people can be liberated from the movement. 46. The main purpose of the article is to ______. A. introduce the effective treatment methods for autism B. explain the history and significance of the neurodiversity movement C. argue for the necessity of promoting the neurodiversity movement D. criticize the wrong focus of research in understanding autism 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经多样性这一概念及其对于自闭症等神经差异群体的意义和影响。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Neurodiversity challenges that notion. Rather than assuming, for instance, that an autistic person’s struggles to find a job are the result of some internal shortcoming, neurodiversity research considers the existence of external explanations. The barriers to autistic employment emerge from the environment, not only the individual.(神经多样性挑战了这种观念。例如，神经多样性研究并没有假设自闭症患者找工作的困难是某种内在缺陷的结果，而是考虑了外部解释的存在。自闭症患者就业的障碍来自环境，而不仅仅是个人)”可知，自闭症患者在社会中挣扎的主要原因是他们的能力和周围环境之间的不匹配。故选B项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“This thread of research is already having an impact, helping autism interventions like the “social stories” technique take off. This intervention, which introduces autistic children to common social situations, works by facilitating communication between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, with a focus on supporting children, rather than “fixing” them.(这条研究线索已经产生了影响，帮助像“社交故事”技术这样的自闭症干预措施起飞。这种干预将自闭症儿童引入到常见的社会环境中，通过促进神经发散型和神经正常型个体之间的交流来发挥作用，重点是支持儿童，而不是“修复”他们)”可知，“社交故事”技术通过把神经不同个体置于常见的社交情境中起作用。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Crucially, the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves. “The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic, broken, and in need of fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 book. “This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement, which offered a different analysis, so liberating.”(至关重要的是，神经多样性运动允许神经发散的人改变他们对自己的看法。Chapman在他2023年出版的书中写道：“主流的医学叙事认为，自闭症让我在某种程度上变得悲惨、破碎，需要修复。”“这就是我发现神经多样性运动如此令人解放的原因，它提供了一种不同的分析视角。”)”可推知，Robert Chapman被自闭症周围的负面叙述所困扰。故选C项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically.(神经多样性是一个术语，指的是人类大脑的自然差异范围。神经多样性运动表示，在这个范围内偏离平均水平的大脑不应该被自动视为不充分)”可知，这句话引出神经多样性这一话题，接下来文章围绕神经多样性运动展开，解释了其历史、意义和影响。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解释神经多样性运动的历史和意义。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you. ___47___ Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too. A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it. ___48___ Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. Although the research only focused on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children. This means that if children saw their parents, brothers or sisters not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either. ___50___ Understanding more about how adults’ behaviour influences children’s enjoyment of food could help to find ways to encourage young people to eat more of the foods that are good for them. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by the behaviors of those we dine with. 【答案】47 E 48. B 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家的一项新发现：他人对蔬菜的喜好与否会影响我们的喜好。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you.(长期以来，科学家们一直很感兴趣，为什么有些人喜欢吃蔬菜，而有些人不喜欢，而吃蔬菜对你有好处)”以及后文“Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too.(显然，看着别人吃蔬菜，明显不喜欢它们，也会让你对它们有点反感)”可知，前文提到科学家对人们对蔬菜的喜好原因感兴趣，后文说看到别人不喜欢蔬菜自己也可能受影响，故E选项“一项新的研究发现，别人的好恶也有影响”符合语境，故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it.(一个研究小组着手调查人们吃饭时的面部表情是如何影响观察他们的人的。他们让200多名女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。视频中的人在吃饭时会有不同的表情。他们会微笑，看起来很中性，或者对他们品尝的东西感到恶心。研究发现，观察人们对西兰花的强烈厌恶反应会降低女性对西兰花的喜爱程度)”可知，前文说看到别人强烈不喜欢西兰花会降低观看者对西兰花的喜爱，故此处需要承接上文继续说明研究发现的内容。故B选项“然而，积极的面部表情并没有让她们更喜欢西兰花”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为对自己有益，包括吃东西)”以及后文“Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous.(科学家们认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来令人恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好或可能危险的东西)”可知，前文提到人类通过观察他人的反应来学习有益的行为，下文则指出人们可能会避免那些看起来令人作呕的食物，这说明人们通过观察他人的反应来学习饮食习惯，这是一种社会模仿行为，故D选项“这被称为社会模式，它对人们的饮食习惯有很大的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Although the research only focused on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children. This means that if children saw their parents, brothers or sisters not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.(虽然这项研究只针对成年人，但专家认为研究结果也适用于儿童。这意味着，如果孩子们看到他们的父母、兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些食物，包括蔬菜，他们可能也不想吃这些食物)”可知，上文提到如果孩子们看到他们的父母、兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些食物，他们可能也不想吃这些食物，本句继续说明儿童会受到成年人行为的影响，故A选项“之前的一项研究发现，4到6岁的孩子如果看过成年人吃西兰花的视频片段，就更有可能吃西兰花”符合语境，故选A。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. It is more effective than regular paints, focusing on mid- infrared light. Besides being waterproof, the paint comes in different colors. Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一种由科学家开发的智能涂料可以通过反射外部的阳光来帮助保持房屋凉爽，并且当用于室内墙壁时可以保持房屋温暖。它比普通涂料更有效，专注于中红外光。除了防水，这种油漆还有多种颜色。使用这种涂料有利于环境，可以降低能源消耗。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. ②Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. ③There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. ④The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. ⑤The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. ⑥All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. 2.缜密构思 将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A smart paint developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight from the outside and keep them warm when applied to interior walls. It is more effective than regular paint and focuses on mid-infrared light. In addition to being waterproof, the paint comes in a variety of colors. Using this paint is good for the environment and can reduce energy consumption. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和when引导的时间状语从句的省略) [高分句型2] Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses.  (运用了动名词短语作主语) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】Facing injustice, he didn’t hesitate to step forward and defend justice. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“他”作主语，译为“he”，“毫不犹豫”根据题干用hesitate，应是固定搭配：don’t hesitate to do意为“毫不犹豫做某事”，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“挺身而出”译为“step forward”，“捍卫正义”意为“defend justice”，“面对不公”译为“face injustice”，和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故译为：Facing injustice, he didn’t hesitate to step forward and defend justice. 53. 她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】She has a great talent for painting, and there is no telling what masterpieces will come next. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态及宾语从句。句子描述了客观事实，主句应用一般现在时态。主语“她”应用She；表示“极有绘画天赋”短语为has a great talent for painting；并列句用连词and连接；“不知”可以翻译为“there is no telling”；后面为what引导的宾语从句，主语“何等佳作”可翻译为what masterpieces；根据句意，宾语从句时态为一般将来时，情态动词用will；“面世”可翻译为will come next。故整句翻译为She has a great talent for painting, and there is no telling what masterpieces will come next。 54. 设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】The designer integrated sustainable ideas into the restoration of historical buildings, ensuring that the building not only meets environmental requirements but also retains its cultural heritage. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为单数名词designer；表示“将……融入……”短语为integrate sth. into…；表示“可持续理念”为sustainable ideas；表示“历史建筑的修缮”为the restoration of historical buildings；表示“确保”用动词ensure，与designer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，后跟that引导宾语从句；主语为the building；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“符合环保要求”翻译为meet environmental requirements；表示“保留其文化底蕴”为retains its cultural heritage。主句为一般过去时，描述过去的事情；宾语从句为一般现在时，表示性质。故翻译为The designer integrated sustainable ideas into the restoration of historical buildings, ensuring that the building not only meets environmental requirements but also retains its cultural heritage. 55. 在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the 1990s, this disease, whose complexity once led to its misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness, is now recognized as a rare mental disorder. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句中“因其复杂性”根据题干要求，用定语从句表达，其中“其复杂性”翻译为“whose complexity”；“曾被误诊为流感类疾病”用“once led to misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness”表示，使用一般过去时；“如今人们已经认识到”用“is now recognized as”表示，使用现在时态，表述一种现状；“在90年代”翻译为“In the 1990s”；“一种罕见的精神障碍”用“a rare mental disorder”表达。故译为：In the 1990s, this disease, whose complexity once led to its misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness, is now recognized as a rare mental disorder. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生李华，最近参加了一个研究性学习项目，在全体高三学生中开展了题为“高中生对未来职业规划的认知与准备”的调查。根据下表调查结果，撰写调查报告，内容需包括： 1.简要描述数据； 2.分析原因； 3.提出建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Report on High School Students' Career Planning Awareness As a student at Mingqi High, I conducted a survey on “High School Students’ Awareness and Preparation for Future Career Planning.” The results showed that 40% of seniors have a clear career plan, 30% have received guidance, but only 20% have engaged in career-related activities. Several factors could contribute to these findings. Firstly, the lack of comprehensive career guidance programs may hinder students’ ability to develop clear career plans. Secondly, limited opportunities for extracurricular career activities restrict students’ exposure to various career paths. To address these issues, I recommend that schools enhance their career guidance programs by offering more regular and comprehensive workshops. Additionally, encouraging students to participate in extracurricular career activities can broaden their horizons and provide valuable insights. Collaboration with local businesses for internships and mentoring programs can further enrich students’ practical experiences and help them make informed career decisions. By strengthening career support systems and increasing practical exposure, we can better prepare students for their future careers. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表写作。假设你是明启中学的学生李华，最近参加了一个研究性学习项目，在全体高三学生中开展了题为“高中生对未来职业规划的认知与准备”的调查，要求考生根据调查结果，撰写调查报告。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 组织：conduct→organize 显示：show→present 解决：address→solve 建议：recommend→suggest 2. 句式拓展 合并为复合句 原句：To address these issues, I recommend that schools enhance their career guidance programs by offering more regular and comprehensive workshops. Additionally, encouraging students to participate in extracurricular career activities can broaden their horizons and provide valuable insights. 拓展句：To address these issues, I recommend that schools not only enhance their career guidance programs by offering more regular and comprehensive workshops but also encourage students to participate in extracurricular career activities, which can broaden their horizons and provide valuable insights. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The results showed that 40% of seniors have a clear career plan, 30% have received guidance, but only 20% have engaged in career-related activities.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]To address these issues, I recommend that schools enhance their career guidance programs by offering more regular and comprehensive workshops.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 英语学科试卷 2024.12 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Silent Book Club Two dozen people gathered in a cozy café-bookstore in Minnesota, chatting and laughing with those seated beside them. After ten minutes, the room ___1___ (fall) quiet. Then people opened their books and began to read. ___2___ most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. The setup is simple: Bring whatever book you happen ___3___ (read) currently. Quietly read that book for 45 minutes. Then share a bit about the book with others. The clubs attract introverts, bookworms and rebels who resist the idea of spending precious reading time on a book ___4___ else selected for them. “I hated assigned reading in school,” said Kortney Webster, ___5___ member of this club since it started in 2019, shaking her head. “Whenever I see the books ___6___ (recommend) on the reading list, I can’t help but turn away from them.” Across the table from her was Matt Streit, who launched the Minneapolis chapter of ___7___ has become a global phenomenon. Streit had heard a radio story about the founder of the first silent book club, with ___8___ contact was immediately established. Inspired by the founder’s vision, Streit decided to initiate his own chapter of the club. Fortunately, his club, though ___9___ (found) only a year ago, has now over 100 regulars. It has grown organically, attracting media attention and generating buzz on social media without any paid advertising. As Streit has emphasized, the club is for everyone and now it is organized regularly _____10_____ those who are shy can seek a balance of privacy and socialization. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. energy B. choking C. conditional D. sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases ___11___ when we strive to make everyone happy a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was ___12___ or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily ___13___ people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the ___14___ of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get ___15___ over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) ___16___ that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or ___17___. Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being ___18___; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well ___19___ that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by ___20___ it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Don’t Kick the Robot Over the next decade, our relationships to our devices will become a lot more interesting. Advanced robot companions are extremely well-suited to tap into our social ___21___ and make us behave as though we’re interacting with something alive. What does it mean to be ___22___ or physically violent toward an artificial agent? People have already started to ___23___. For example, during the mass ___24___ of virtual voice assistants, parents expressed concern that the little speakers in their living rooms were teaching their kids to be rude. Major companies responded by releasing special features that encouraged the use of languages like ‘___25___’ to prevent children from barking commands at the devices. One 2015 research showed that there’s a link between people’s tendencies for sympathy and how they feel toward a robot. But that doesn’t answer the question of whether beating up robots makes people more ___26___. Society has asked similar questions about video games, with some ___27___ results. Just because I play Grand Theft Auto Game doesn’t mean I try to run people over in the car park. Studies show that we behave differently toward embodied robots than characters on a screen, in part because we’re biologically hardwired to ___28___ physical motion. People will ___29___ treat any agent that moves like it’s alive. As robot design gets better, the line between alive and lifelike may continue to ___30___ in our subconscious minds. If so, maybe it would be great for people to take out their aggression and frustration on human-and animal-like robots that mimic pain. ___31___, they aren’t harming a living being. On the other hand, it could be bad if it makes people insensitive to violence in other contexts. Would a child who grows up kicking a robot dog find it ___32___ to kick a real dog? Unfortunately, desensitization (脱敏) remains a difficult thing to study. For now, it seems pretty reasonable to keep robot ___33___ away from little children. But even for the rest of us, maybe it’s just not cool to treat an artificial agent poorly. Yes, it’s much better than ___34___ a living, breathing being, but why do it at all? As philosopher Vallor argues, it might be worth ___35___ kindness, instead. 21. A. media B. nature C. attitude D. change 22. A. orally B. mentally C. emotionally D. physiologically 23. A. suffer B. assume C. wonder D. inspect 24. A. adjustment B. absence C. awareness D. adoption 25. A. please B. sorry C. nasty D. perfect 26. A. tolerant B. violent C. mature D. inconsistent 27. A. definite B. positive C. inconclusive D. inaccurate 28. A. take in B. originate from C. react to D. associate with 29. A. readily B. coldly C. eventually D. obviously 30. A. emerge B. fade C. cross D. move 31. A. In addition B. After all C. In a way D. On the contrary 32. A. harder B. funnier C. easier D. worse 33. A. exposure B. company C. fancy D. abuse 34. A. mistreating B. mismanaging C. misleading D. misunderstanding 35. A. suspecting B. replacing C. spreading D. practising Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ago. When she told McNee how hard it could be to get students excited about math, her favourite discipline, he made a surprising suggestion: “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports?” The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot in 2011, when the now colleagues — who had launched a tutoring non-profit — were invited to run a summer-school program for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Georges Secondary School. When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage — which, in turn, taught them about fractions and decimal (分数和小数) points. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so fixated on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be onto something.” The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools. “I was terrible at math,” says Douglas, who enrolled in a fast-track summer program. “But once I started BallMatics and realized the sport I loved was directly tied to math, it made me a lot better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking about math.” Almost any math problem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught on the court. Kids can learn how to navigate an X-Y grid to find their next shooting spot or absorb the basic principles of trigonometry based on the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high school called Uchenna Academy. At the school, kids with top basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics afterschool programs. Douglas, now 20 and earning a degree in education believes the school’s commitment to academics is the key reason it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t do our work, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that coaches would bench kids who didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, not athlete students.” 36. The first two paragraphs are intended to tell the readers ______. A. the origin of BallMatics B. the challenges facing BallMatics C. the start of a lifelong friendship D. the dedication of the young teachers 37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be onto something”? A. The students’ progress in their mathematic skills. B. The students’ changed attitude towards math. C. The data collected about the students’ goal percentage. D. The efficiency in determining the winning team. 38 What will happen to the kids who don’t do well in class according to Douglas? A. They will be forbidden to leave any training session. B. They will be obliged to earn a training degree first. C. They will have to attend classes at a private school. D. They will be banned from playing in the game. 39. The best title for the article is ______. A. The Basics of Math B. The Road to Success C. A Sports Principle D. A Numbers Game (B) How SEA GLASS IS MADE This ocean process turns household trash into sea treasures If glass starts its journey as silicon-rich sand. Through chemical processes and heating, sand is transformed into melted glass and is shaped into different products. Some thrown-away glass finds new life in a recycling center. Some end up in landfills, where it may eventually leak into waterways and oceans. When it passes into the ocean, crashes with rocks and other hard objects break up the glass into small pieces before decades or even hundreds of years of water erosion create small, smooth glass stones. Although glass possesses hardy qualities, it remains subject to the chemical degradation caused by salt water. The frosty look of sea glass comes not just from water erosion, but also from salty water's altering effects, creating a distinctive surface. Since the 1970s, with the rise of single-use plastic, less glass is reaching oceans, reducing the number of sea glass pieces found on shores. Did you know？ Shaping Junk Gemstones From waste glass to sought after stones The Fort Bragg was glass peaches are made of three vases, with size two and those ceasing the most glass BEAUTIFUL BEACH DEBRIS Fort Bragg Beaches in California were once used as a dump site for locals to throw away their rubbish, including glass waste. By 1957, the locals sought new dumping grounds, leaving the trash behind to decrease as metal waste was repurposed and biodegradable materials rotted away, leaving only glass. As decades passed, continual impact by ocean waves smoothed and rounded the edges of the glass creating a frosted sea glass beach. The Fort Bragg Glass Beach is now under the protection of McKerracher State Park, and removing any of the glass is prohibited. 40. Which step describes how glass waste becomes rounded and smoothed? A. Step 2. B. Step 3. C. Step 4. D. Step 6. 41. What happens to thrown-away glassware that does not enter the recycling process? A. It is used as building materials. B. It rots away due to exposure to sea water. C. It is melted and shaped into new items. D. It usually finds its way into the ocean. 42. A group of students are researching the history of the Fort Bragg Glass Beach. They have arranged the major events in time order. Which of the following best reflects this order? ① It became a deserted place. ② It was declared a protected zone. ③ It was covered with only glass. ④ It served as a glass jewelry workshop. ⑤ It was used as a natural dump site. A. ⑤②①④ B. ①⑤③④ C. ⑤①③② D. ①②⑤③ (C) Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically. The term dates back to the autism (自闭症) community in the 1990s, though it’s now applied to all sorts of mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Robert Chapman, a neurodivergent (脑功能异于常人的) philosopher with autism, “The only hope for autistic people and our families, it was thought, was that we would one day be fixed through behavioral or biomedical intervention.” Neurodiversity challenges that notion. Rather than assuming, for instance, that an autistic person’s struggles to find a job are the result of some internal shortcoming, neurodiversity research considers the existence of external explanations. The barriers to autistic employment emerge from the environment, not only the individual. Studies from 2022 and 2023 have shown that many autistic people are prosocial and skilled at seeing others’ perspectives, while neurodiversity advocates stress it takes two to communicate. Though autistic people may struggle to understand a neurotypical perspective, neurotypical people may struggle to understand an autistic perspective, making it a “double empathy (共情) problem”. This thread of research is already having an impact, helping autism interventions like the “social stories” technique take off. This intervention, which introduces autistic children to common social situations, works by facilitating communication between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, with a focus on supporting children, rather than “fixing” them. The technique is consistent with what autistic individuals advocate for themselves. An assessment of the funding of recent autism research revealed the majority was directed toward the biological causes of autism, while the minority was directed toward services, support and education. However, members of the autistic community felt the funding failed to reflect their priorities and wouldn’t have any effect on everyday lives. Crucially, the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves. “The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic, broken, and in need of fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 book. “This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement, which offered a different analysis, so liberating.” 43. According to neurodiversity movement, the main cause of autistic people’s struggle to function in society is ______. A. an imbalance between research funding and public awareness B. a mismatch between their abilities and their surroundings C. the internal shortcomings autistic people are born with D. the barriers from behavioral or biomedical interventions 44. Which of the following statements about the “social stories” technique is TRUE? A. It is aimed at fixing the autistic children’s behavioral problems. B. It focuses on teaching neurotypical individuals about autistic people. C. It is based on the theory that neurodivergent people can be prosocial. D. It works by putting neurodivergent people into common social situations. 45. What can be inferred about Robert Chapman? A. He believes being autistic is a life-long tragedy. B. He has been fixed through bio-medical intervention. C. He is bothered by the negative narrative surrounding autism. D. He thinks autistic people can be liberated from the movement. 46. The main purpose of the article is to ______. A. introduce the effective treatment methods for autism B. explain the history and significance of the neurodiversity movement C. argue for the necessity of promoting the neurodiversity movement D. criticize the wrong focus of research in understanding autism Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you. ___47___ Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too. A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it. ___48___ Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. Although the research only focused on adults, experts think the results could also apply to children. This means that if children saw their parents, brothers or sisters not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either. ___50___ Understanding more about how adults’ behaviour influences children’s enjoyment of food could help to find ways to encourage young people to eat more of the foods that are good for them. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by the behaviors of those we dine with. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 53. 她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 54. 设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 55. 在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见精神障碍。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，最近参加了一个研究性学习项目，在全体高三学生中开展了题为“高中生对未来职业规划的认知与准备”的调查。根据下表调查结果，撰写调查报告，内容需包括： 1.简要描述数据； 2.分析原因； 3.提出建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $