Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案Word（译林版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第三册(译林) Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Sailing the oceans 碧海远航 Zheng He 郑和 In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China's greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. 1405年夏，郑和，中国最伟大的探险家之一，从太仓起锚，开启了他的首次远航。 •A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene. 其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上航行，场面极其壮观。 It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas. 规模更大的航海船队要到500年后才出现。 •According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships. 据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，表明其造船技术之高超，工艺之独特。 ①voyage n. 航海，航行，航天　vi. 航行，远行 ②fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队 ③navigate vt. 航行；导航　vi. 导航 ④with＋名词＋介词短语的复合结构作状语，which引导非限制性定语从句，对主句内容进行补充说明。 ⑤demonstrating ... 为现在分词短语作状语，其中过去分词短语used ... 作定语，修饰the advanced technology and special skills。 Between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. 1405至1433年间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。 His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. 他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品，先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。 He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. 他最远甚至抵达了非洲东海岸。 •As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast. 海员们一路上记录罗盘刻度，书写航海日志并绘制海岸地图。 Later the detailed maps became Zheng He's Navigation Map. 这些详细的地图后来集为《郑和航海图》。 ⑥on__behalf__of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了 ⑦load vt.& vi. 装上，装入　n. 负载；承载量；大量 ⑧compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规 ⑨log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi.& vt. 伐木 ⑩as 引导时间状语从句。 Zheng He's seven voyages had a far­reaching impact on China and its neighbours. 郑和七次下西洋对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。 •In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer. 在郑和到访过的国家和地区，至今流传着有关这位伟大探险家的传说。 Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands. 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。 ⑪ strengthen vt.& vi. 加强，增强 ⑫harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 ⑬where引导定语从句，修饰限定先行词the countries and regions。 For many years, some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends. 多年来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不予理会。 •The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, where the fleet had been built. 后来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，当年郑和的船便在此处建造。 Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. 郑和的成就在今天获得广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。 ⑭dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 ⑮proof n. 证据，证明 ⑯acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢 ⑰influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的 ⑱where引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词shipyard进行补充说明。 Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗·哥伦布 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus. 凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。 Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. 1451年，哥伦布生于意大利一个港口城市。 •As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography, which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. 少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣，这激励他开始了海员生涯。 ⑲which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的句子。 Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。 After continuous attempts, he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain. 经过不懈的尝试，他终于获得了西班牙国王和王后的资助。 •On 3 August 1492, he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. 1492年8月3日，他和大约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。 The journey was full of challenges: it took longer than expected, they faced a shortage of food, and one of the ships was leaking badly, which put everyone on this ship in grave danger. 这次航行充满了挑战：航行时间超过预期，食物短缺，还有一艘船严重漏水，这使船上所有人都命悬一线。 The men on board were in panic. 船上的人们都陷入了恐慌。 ⑳ insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道 financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的 depart vi.& vt. 离开，起程 shortage n. 不足，短缺 leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入　vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露　n. 漏洞 panic n. 惊恐，恐慌　vi.& vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 with＋名词＋现在分词是with的复合结构作伴随状语。 Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. 哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，设法让大家脱离危险，越过海洋。 Finally, on 12 October, the crew spotted land in the distance. 终于，10月12日那天，有船员看到远方的陆地。 Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. 哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印地安人。 However, the shores they had reached were of the Caribbean, not the East Indies. 然而，他们所到达的海岸其实属于加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。 regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会 regardless__of 不管，不顾 shore n. 岸，滨 Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages. 1493至1504年间，哥伦布在随后的三次出航途中发现了更多陆地。 The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. 这位伟大探险家主要的贡献是“发现”新大陆。 His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world. 他的发现激励了诸如詹姆斯·库克船长这样的探险家去探索和发现世界上更广大的区域。 •His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings. 他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。 This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures. 这个时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。 subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的 captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长 allow__for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 a period which ... 作the Age of Exploration的同位语，其中which引导定语从句，修饰a period。 1 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说(教材P29) 归纳 拓展 ①If we want to protect the environment, we must clarify the problems and convince people of the necessity to take action. 我们如果想保护环境，就必须阐明问题并使人们相信采取行动的必要性。 ②I hope this will convince you to change your mind. 我希望这会说服你改变主意。 ③The villager is convinced that those foreign tourists will turn back because that road is being repaired. 村民相信那些外国游客会回来，因为那条道路正在修理之中。 ④Tom tried to convince me of the news but he couldn't provide convincing proof. Therefore, it seemed that he didn't speak convincingly. 汤姆尽力使我相信这个消息，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It is obvious that his words are very ________ (convince) to the audience. ②He has been ill for three days and his mother has been trying to convince him ________ (see) a doctor. ③Her case was ________ (convince) argued. ④His suggestion is that you need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job. 答案：①convincing　②to see　③convincingly　④of (2)翻译 他深信自己那首诗会得奖。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He is convinced that his poem will win the award. 2 on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 ①I, on behalf of our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely. 我代表我们班级，热情、真诚地欢迎你。 ②Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf. 奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。 ③People believe that two “ninths” meeting together stand for a long life. 人们相信两个“九”在一起代表长寿。 ④Nothing can ever take the place of family togetherness. 什么也取代不了家庭和睦。 ⑤The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries. 这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。 (1)单句语法填空 ①In China, these knots stand ________ friendship, love and good luck. ②Curiously enough, an ordinary student was chosen ________ (represent) our school at the sports event. ③In my brother's absence, I would like to thank all concerned on ________ (he) behalf. ④Firecracker is the symbol of happiness in Chinese tradition, but people still can use other things to take place ________ firecracker. 答案：①for　②to represent　③his　④of (2)翻译 我谨代表本部门感谢大家。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：On behalf of the department, I would like to thank you all. 3 load vt.& vi. 装上，装入　n. 负载；承载量；大量(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Life is like a bus loaded with passengers, each man to his destination. 人生就像一辆满载乘客的公交车，每个人都驶向自己的目的地。 ②The man began to transfer its load onto the front horse. 这个人开始把它驮的东西移到前面那匹马上去。 ③Knowing he was safe loaded off my mind. 得知他平安以后，我如释重负。 ④Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make, and buying loads of/a load of new clothing is not healthy for the environment. 衣服需要大量的自然资源来制作，买大量的新衣服对环境不健康。 ⑤It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge. 把孩子托付给你我就放心了。 load 相关词语积累： workload n．工作量；download vt.下载；upload vt.上传；overload v. 超载。 易混辨析：load/burden load 指人、畜、车、船等负载的东西；指精神负担时，可与burden换用，但无感情色彩。 There are loads of work to do today. 今天有好多工作要做。 burden 指沉重、令人不快的负担；指精神负担时常有不堪忍受的意味。 The burden on his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth. 他背上的重负似乎要把他压倒在地。 (1)单句语法填空 ①If this is really true, it'll take a load ________ my mind. ②Even though I have ________ (load) of schoolwork to do, I'll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic. ③Inside, workers load steel beams ________ trucks. 答案：①off　②loads　③onto/into (2)翻译 ①我在等着游戏软件安装完毕。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②图书馆装载着多种载体形式的信息。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①I am waiting for the game to load. ②The library is loaded with information in many formats. 4 strengthen vt.& vi. 加强，增强(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Given that the theme of the World Expo was to promote the cultural exchange and strengthen cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. 鉴于世博会的主题是促进丝绸之路沿线国家的文化交流和加强合作，敦煌是理想之地。 ②Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life. 夏天让我充满了能量，我觉得我有力量去做我生活中最困难的事情。 ③I'm not strong enough to carry him. 我不够强壮，抱不动他。 ④We strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police. 我们强烈建议将此事报警。 其他常用加后缀­en构成的动词： length n. 长度→lengthen v. (使)加长 fright n. 恐怖；惊吓→frighten v. 使惊吓 weak adj. 虚弱的→weaken v. (使)变弱；削弱；减弱 deep adj. 深的→deepen v. 加深 wide adj. 宽的→widen v. 加宽 sharp adj. 锋利的→sharpen v. (使)变锋利 loose adj. 松的；宽大的→loosen v. 变松；松开 short adj. 短的→shorten v. (使)变短 (1)单句语法填空 ①I would ________ (strong) advise against going out on your own. ②It's important to know your own ________ (strength) and weaknesses. ③The team has been ________ (strength) by the arrival of two new players. 答案：①strongly　②strengths　③strengthened (2)完成句子 练功夫不仅能强身健体，还能培养一个人的性格。 Practising kung fu ______________________________________________________________． 答案：can not only strengthen one's body but also develop one's character 5 dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The boss threatened to dismiss him from his job, but it is all a bluff. 老板威胁说要解雇他，但这不过是恐吓而已。 ②Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. 轻视闲谈很容易，但我们不能忘记，如果不是闲谈，就不会有深厚的关系。 ③After meeting my best friend, I dismissed doubts from my mind—she didn't come to school last Tuesday because she was ill. 见到我最好的朋友后，我消除了心中的疑虑——她上周二没来上学是因为她病了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He dismissed the opinion polls ________ worthless. ②The parents felt ashamed of their son when he ________ (dismiss) by the boss. ③He tried to dismiss ________ his mind the horrible thoughts. 答案：①as　②was dismissed　③from (2)翻译 ①他们认为这个问题无关紧要而不予理会。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②她声称自己被无理免职。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①They dismissed the problem as unimportant.　②She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post. 6 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 ①I would like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family. 我想要感谢我的家人给予我的所有帮助。 ②The film festival is acknowledged to be/as an event of international importance. 这个电影节被认为是一个国际性的重要节日。 ③It is widely acknowledged that people cannot achieve their targets without a strong will and persistence. 人们普遍认为，没有坚强的意志和毅力，人们是不可能实现他们的目标的。 ④The flowers were a small acknowledgement of your kindness. 这些花聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。 (1)单句语法填空 ①This report is an ________ (acknowledge) of the size of the problem. ②Frequent travelling is widely acknowledged ________ (be) the easiest way to broaden our mental horizons. ③English is acknowledged ________ the language of business, science, IT, and the Internet around the world. 答案：①acknowledgement　②to be　③as (2)一句多译 普遍认为屠呦呦是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。 Tu Youyou is widely ______________________ one of the greatest scientists in the world. ＝______________________________ Tu Youyou is one of the greatest scientists in the world. 答案：acknowledged to be/as; It is widely acknowledged that 7 influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Johnson was influential in persuading the producers to put money into the film. 约翰逊在说服制片人投资这部电影方面很有影响力。 ②He says the mid­term elections could have an influence on his decision. 他说，中期选举将会对他的决定产生一定影响。 ③Her parents no longer have any real influence over her. 她的父母对她不再有任何真正的影响力了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He has a huge amount of influence ________ the city council. ②She is one of the most ________ (influence) figures in local politics. ③Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence ________ students' mentality. 答案：①over　②influential　③on/upon (2)完成句子 你是领导，只有你才能对这决定有影响。 You are the leader and ________________________________________________． 答案：only you can be influential in the decision 8 insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 ①They insisted upon being given every detail of the case. 他们坚持要求说明事情的来龙去脉。 ②The authorities insist that the discussions must not be linked to any other issue. 官方坚持这些讨论绝不能和任何别的问题联系起来。 ③At her insistence, the matter was dropped. 在她的坚持下，这件事被搁置了。 ④The author's father can be best described as a parent who is insistent on his children's education. 最好把作者的父亲描述成一个坚持自己孩子的教育的家长。 (1)insist后面接that宾语从句时，如果表示“坚持或坚决要求”， that 从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“(should＋) do”；如果表示“坚持说或坚称”，that从句不用虚拟语气。 (2)宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should＋) do”的动词有：一坚持：insist；二命令：order, command；三建议：advise, suggest, recommend；四要求：require, request, demand, desire。 She insisted that the man had stolen her wallet and that he (should) be sent to the police station. 她坚持说那个男子偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The doctor insisted that she was seriously ill and that she ________ (operate) on immediately. ②I did it but only ________ your insistence. ③The man insisted ________ finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 答案：①(should) be operated　②at　③on/upon (2)完成句子 ①他们坚持要就这项工作立一份合同。 ____________________________________ for the work. ②我告诉她不应该在咳嗽一整夜之后去游泳，但是她坚持要去。 I told her that she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she ____________________________． 答案：①They were insistent on having a contract ②insisted that she (should) go 9 depart vi.& vt. 离开，起程(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. 例如，没有屋顶的建筑是不常见的，因为它们不符合常规。 ②Mornings and evenings tend to be the busiest as people depart for and return from business trips. 早晨和晚上往往是最繁忙的，因为人们出差往返。 ③Such a move would have been a startling departure from tradition. 这一举措原本会是对传统习俗惊人的背离。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Usually they become discouraged and quickly depart ________ some easier target. ②The time for my ________ (depart) from Japan was drawing nearer every day. 答案：①for　②departure (2)翻译 他开车送我去了沙漠里一个地方，我将从那里离开他的领地。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He had driven me to a place in the desert where I would depart from his territory. 10 shortage n. 不足，短缺(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①They have a desperate shortage of clean water. 他们面临清洁(饮)水的严重短缺。 ②A few years of effort could dispose of the housing shortage. 几年的努力有可能解决住房的短缺。 ③This country is short of natural resources but rich in human resources. 这个国家缺乏自然资源， 却有着丰富的人力资源。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Because he is short ________ funds now, he can't afford to buy a new house for his son. ②Schools nationwide are experiencing ________ shortage of teachers. ③The government's programme to grow cash crops for export is a double­edged sword because it has created a local food ________ (short)． 答案：①of　②a　③shortage (2)翻译 我们公司现在缺少电脑工程师。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Our company has a shortage of/is short of computer engineers now. 11 panic n. 惊恐，恐慌　vi.& vt. (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①News of the losses caused a panic among investors. 亏损的消息令投资者人心惶惶。 ②Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold. 火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。 ③There's no point getting into a panic about the exams. 对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。 ④The horrible story panics us into screaming. 这个可怕的故事把我们吓得尖叫起来。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got ________ a panic. ②The scene in the film panicked me ________ (jump) out of my bed. ③Not only do online rumors cause people ________ panic, but they disturb public order. 答案：①into　②jumping　③in (2)翻译 我处于要把一切及时安排就绪的恐慌中。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：I'm in a panic about getting everything done in time. 12 regardless of 不管，不顾(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 ①Regardless of what the obstacles in life may be, I will finish my race to the best of my ability. 无论生活中可能会有什么障碍，我都会竭尽所能跑完这一程。 ②Despite/In spite of the unsettled weather, we had a marvellous weekend. 尽管天气多变，我们还是度过了一个精彩的周末。 ③It is dangerous to drive without regard to speed limits. 开车不考虑限速是危险的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless ________ other people's feelings. ②In spite ________ the rain, we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium. 答案：①of　②of (2)完成句子 ①尽管已是深夜，孩子们仍未就寝。 __________________________________， the children were not in bed. ②不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。 The amount will be paid to everyone ______________________________． 答案：①In spite of/Despite the lateness of the hour　②regardless of whether they have children or not 13 His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.(教材P31) 他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。 剖析 无生命的名词＋witness ... 表示“……见证……”。 归纳 拓展 witness, see, find等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞法，即把无生命的物体、自然现象、抽象概念等比拟为有生命的东西来谈论，赋予它们以人的品格、思想和行为的修辞方式。 ①1949 witness the founding of the People's Republic of China. 1949年中华人民共和国成立了。 ②1979 saw the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. 1979年建立了中美外交关系。 ③Nightfall found him many miles short of his appointed place. 当夜幕降临时，他离预定的地点还有好几英里。 ④The wind whistled through the tops of the trees. 微风吹过树梢。 ⑤Time waits for no man. 时间不等人。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Dusk ________ (find) a little boy crying in the street. ②The last half of the nineteenth century ________ (witness) the steady improvement in the means of travel. ③The nineteenth century ________ (see) many changes, which promoted the development of the society. 答案：①found　②witnessed　③saw (2)翻译 ①在罗马城发生了许多伟大的历史事件。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②这朵花很漂亮，它每天都对我微笑。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①Rome witnessed many great historic events.　②The flower was very pretty, it smiled at me everyday. 14 allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 ①We have to allow for a certain amount of errors. 我们必须考虑到一定数量的错误。 ②Voluntary work was particularly important in view/consideration of the fact that women were often forced to give up paid work on marriage. 鉴于妇女一结婚就常常被迫放弃有报酬工作的事实，义务工作尤其重要。 ③It will take into consideration the hardships involved in the work and the constraints of working hours. 它将考虑到工作的困难和工作时间的限制。 ④When pricing our products, we have to take account of our competitors' prices. 在给产品定价时，我们必须考虑竞争对手的价格。 ⑤Given that you are still young (＝Considering your youth), I forgive you. 考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。 (1)单句语法填空 ①What we're going to do, however, is take account ________ another problem. ②We have to allow ________ the possibility that we might not finish this project on schedule. ③There are a few critical things you need to take ________ consideration in making the decision. ④________ view of the above­mentioned facts, we wish to make the following proposals. 答案：①of　②for　③into　④In (2)完成句子 把成本算在内，我们也赚了一大笔。 ______________________， we have made a considerable fortune. 答案：Allow for the cost 15 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊(教材P33) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①What astonished me is that he didn't seem to mind. ＝It astonished me that he didn't seem to mind. 使我惊讶的是他看上去好像不在乎。 ②In the cinema, actor is astonished to discover himself from another angle. 在电影里，演员会惊讶于从另一个角度看到的自己。 ③She is astonished at the look of blame on his face. 她对他脸上露出的责备的神色感到惊讶。 ④She ran 100m in an astonishing 10.9 seconds. 她以惊人的10.9秒速度跑完了100米。 ⑤I spotted a shooting star which, to my astonishment, was bright green in colour. 我看见了一颗划过长空的流星，让我惊讶的是，它是鲜绿色的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and ________ (astonish) ways. ②To my utter ________ (astonish), she remembered my name. ③He was astonished ________ (see) how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years. ④I was just ________ (astonish) at the question in my own mind. 答案：①astonishing　②astonishment　③to see ④astonished (2)完成句子 使我惊讶的是他竟然是如此轻率。 ____________________ he could be so thoughtless. 答案：It astonished me that/What astonished me was that Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．We were given a ________ (盛大的) welcome. 答案：royal 2．The ________ (王国) of happiness is in your thought and feeling. 答案：kingdom 3．________ (随后的) events confirmed our doubts. 答案：Subsequent 4．I had no hesitation in naming him as ________ (船长)． 答案：captain 5．It is important to create an atmosphere where wild ideas are honored rather than ________ (不予考虑)． 答案：dismissed 6．If you are in the event of getting trapped in the ruins during an earthquake, don't p________． 答案：panic 7．The b________ of the room is not enough to put in such a big bed. 答案：breadth 8．Researchers claim to have found the p________ that getting regular and enough sleep every night makes a real difference to our health. 答案：proof 9．As long as there are people, there are r________ to connect them. 答案：routes 10．Water had started to l________ into the cellar. 答案：leak Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We are great partners, and I know our work in this field will ________ (strength) our friendship. 答案：strengthen 2．The second shop you enter is loaded ________ jewelry. 答案：with 3．Their ________ (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals. 答案：harmonious 4．He was ________ (astonish) to learn he'd won the competition. 答案：astonished 5．The committee was ________ (influence) in formulating government policy on employment. 答案：influential 6．The company is facing a ________ (finance) crisis. 答案：financial 7．Since they insist on ________ (go), we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us. 答案：going 8．There is a ________ (short) of fresh water on the island. 答案：shortage 9．________ behalf of the Student Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. 答案：On 10．I'm still not totally ________ (convince) that he knows what he's doing. 答案：convinced Ⅲ.完成句子 1．考虑到交通阻塞，到我这里大约需要两个小时。 It will take about two hours to come here, ____________ traffic jams. 答案：allowing for 2．组织接纳新成员不分年龄。 The organization admits new members ______________． 答案：regardless of age 3．我代表整个公司感谢你所做的一切工作。 __________________ the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 答案：On behalf of 4．他会如此的努力，令我们大吃一惊。 __________________ he could work so hard. 答案：It astonished us that 5．他们坚持每个人都来参加聚会。 They insisted that ____________________________________． 答案：everyone (should) come to the party 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who __1__ the call was not the captain's first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific __2__ of all time. The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, __3__ by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the __4__， the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to __5__ various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had __6__ on Earth at the same time, and had not __7__ since. But Darwin began to think __8__. He noticed that some species of animals were very __9__ to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they __10__ their changing environments? It was a completely new idea—a(n) __11__ of evolution. Darwin __12__ this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not __13__ until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is __14__ as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the __15__ on the Beagle. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Darwin(达尔文)通过探险作出重要的科学发现，提出了进化论并出版了《物种起源》。 1．A.made B．wanted C．answered D．refused 答案：C　根据上文“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would ‘profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known’．”可知，此处表示响应应聘的Darwin并不符合Beagle(贝格尔号)船长的要求。故选C。 2．A.discoveries B．reports C．data D．designs 答案：A　此处表示Darwin通过这次探险之旅带来了重要的科学发现。故选A。 3．A.astonished B．confused C．inspired D．fascinated 答案：D　根据上文“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知，Darwin对岩石、植物和动物都很着迷。(be) fascinated by “对……着迷”。故选D。 4．A.carriage B．ship C．plane D．horse 答案：B　根据上文“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知，Beagle是一艘船。故选B。 5．A.study B．create C．train D．raise 答案：A　Darwin是一位地质学家和博物学家，所以研究各种生物。故选A。 6．A.survived B．appeared C．disappeared D．lived 答案：B　根据下文“on Earth at the same time”可知，此处表示人们过去认为所有的物种都在同一时间出现在地球上。故选B。 7．A.grown B．returned C．changed D．left 答案：C　根据语境可知，此处表示人们过去认为所有的物种出现之后就没有改变过。故选C。 8．A.hardly B．highly C．carefully D．differently 答案：D　根据上文内容和转折词“But”可知，Darwin有着不同的想法。故选D。 9．A.similar B．familiar C．harmful D．cruel 答案：A　句意：他注意到有些种类的动物彼此非常相似。be similar to “与……相似”。故选A。 10．A.cared for B．relied on C．adapted to D．caused damage to 答案：C　句意：也许动物进化是适应环境的变化？adapt to “适应”。故选C。 11．A.opinion B．book C．process D．theory 答案：D　根据下文“Darwin __12__ this theory in his book”可知，此处表示Darwin提出进化理论。故选D。 12．A.tested B．detected C．opposed D．explained 答案：D　根据下文“in his book”可知，Darwin在他的书中解释了这个进化理论。故选D。 13．A.read B．published C．sold D．written 答案：B　句意：这本书直到1859年才出版，并立即引发了一场风暴。故选B。 14．A.chosen B．regarded C．emphasised D．recommended 答案：B　根据下文“one of the most important works ever written”可知，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一。be regarded as “被……认为”。故选B。 15．A.journey B．captain C．species D．life 答案：A　根据上文“The journey gave him the chance to __5__ various living things in their natural environments.”可知，此处表示人们对地球上生物的看法的改变始于Beagle的探险之旅。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 Early people didn't need to know the exact time of day. They slept when it was dark and worked when it was light. 33000 BC－28000 BC People notice that changes in the weather (the seasons) are connected to changes in the sun, moon and stars. 8000 BC Chinese, the Maya, and Sumerians develop calendars based on the cycles of the sun (a year) and the moon (a month). Most people are farmers. Calendars tell them when to plant crops and when their animals will have babies. 1500 BC People in Egypt and Sumer develop some of the first water clocks. Unlike sundials (日晷), water clocks measure time even when it's cloudy. 1370－1410 European cities build towers with mechanical clocks inside. Every hour, a bell is rung for all to hear. 1850 Most Americans now have clocks at home. Trains keep exact schedules. Railroad workers carry pocket watches that don't gain or lose more than 30 seconds in a week. 1955 An atomic clock is built in England. It measures oscillations (颤动) of light from cesium atoms. The light oscillates even faster than quartz crystals. Atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks yet. Today People rely on the Internet and cell­phone networks, which need super precise timing. Atomic clocks keep getting better. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自古以来人们是如何知道时间的。 1．How can ancient Chinese tell when to plant crops? A．By using calendars. B．By observing the cycles of the sun. C．By watching the animals. D．By predicting the weather changes. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据8000 BC部分最后一句中的“Calendars tell them when to plant crops”可知，古代中国人使用日历来知道何时种庄稼。故选A。 2．Who built towers with mechanical clocks inside? A．Chinese. B．Americans. C．Europeans. D．Egyptians. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据1370－1410部分第一句“European cities build towers with mechanical clocks inside.”可知，欧洲人建造了里面有机械钟的塔。故选C。 3．Which clocks are the most accurate? A．Chinese calendars. B．Water clocks. C．Mechanical clocks. D．Atomic clocks. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据1955部分最后一句“Atomic clocks are the most accurate clocks yet.”可知，原子钟是最精确的。故选D。 1．calendar n. 日历 2．schedule n. 时间表 3．precise adj. 精确的，准确的 rely on 依靠，依赖 Ⅲ　语法填空 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. The Spring Equinox (春分), as the fourth term of the year starts on March 20 __1__ ends on April 4 this year. The Spring Equinox signals the equal __2__ (long) of the day and night time. The day of the Spring Equinox is __3__ the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in __4__ (gradual) longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere and longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox. It is an old custom that __5__ (date) back to 4，000 years ago. People practice this tradition to celebrate the coming of spring. It __6__ (believe) that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. The Spring Equinox is __7__ good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people did not have good medical resources. So __8__ (pray) for good health, they wrote their medical issues on paper kite. When the kite was __9__ the air, people would cut off the string to let the paper kite float away, __10__ (symbolize) the flying away of diseases. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“春分”这个节气以及一些相关活动。 1．and　考查连词。句意：春分，作为一年的第四个节气，今年从3月20日开始，到4月4日结束。此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 2．length　考查词性转换。设空处作宾语，表示“长度”，应用名词，length为不可数名词。故填length。 3．when　考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when引导。故填when。 4．gradually　考查词性转换。修饰形容词longer应用副词gradually。故填gradually。 5．dates　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文is可知，此处为一般现在时，定语从句的主语that指代an old custom，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填dates。 6．is believed　考查固定句型。固定句型It is believed that ...表示“人们相信……”。故填is believed。 7．a　考查冠词。time表示“时节”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且good是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 8．to pray　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to pray。 9．in　考查介词。in the air表示“在空中”。故填in。 10．symbolizing　考查非谓语动词。句意：当风筝在空中时，人们会剪断绳子让纸风筝飘走，象征着疾病飞走。symbolize与上文构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括： 1．节目介绍； 2．访谈的时间和话题。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Caroline， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours sincerely, Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Caroline， On behalf of the English program “Talk and Talk”， I'm writing to invite you to be our guest. Since its launch, “Talk and Talk”， a weekly broadcast program, has gained increasing popularity among students. It is intended to cover topics ranging from music, sports to study strategies, life in school, etc. This week we'd like to invite you to join the program and share with us some tips on how to improve oral English. The program is scheduled for 5 pm this Friday. It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A Li Bai is regarded as the greatest romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and a representative of the High Tang culture, combination of realistic Northern culture represented by Confucian philosophy (儒家哲学) and romantic Southern culture represented by Taoist (道家) philosophy. But he could neither realize his Confucian ideal to serve the country nor find spiritual freedom in Taoism, so he could only chant poetry and drink wine to drown his sorrow as described by Du Fu in Eight Immortal Drinkers. Here we see the tragedy of a genuine staying lonely on earth like an angel fallen from Heaven. His try is marked by male greatness in the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar, in which we see the mountain cloud from down below and the Silver River, Chinese name for the Milky Way, fall from on high, and heaven and earth seem to merge into one, that is the Chinese way of communion with nature. In his poetry, we can find his love of nature, of freedom, of the people, of his friends, in short, of truth, good and beauty. Li Bai is best known for the extraordinary imagination and striking Taoist imagery (意象) in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor (酒). Like Du Fu, he spent much of his life travelling, although in his case it was because his wealth allowed him to, rather than because his poverty forced him. He is said to have drowned in the Yangtze River, having fallen from his boat while drunkenly trying to embrace the reflection of the moon. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了唐代最伟大的浪漫主义诗人李白的诗歌和生平经历。 1．In his poetry Li Bai mainly described ________． A．relationship between different classes B．criticism of social realism C．beautiful nature and feelings D．cruelty of the officialdom 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In his poetry, we can ... good and beauty.(在他的诗歌中，我们可以找到他对自然、自由、人民、朋友的热爱，简言之，对真、善、美的热爱。)”可知，李白在他的诗歌中主要描写了美丽的自然与情感。故选C。 2．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Li Bai enjoyed drinking more tea than anything else. B．Li Bai spent much time on travelling as well as Du Fu. C．Li Bai had a more extraordinary imagination than Du Fu. D．Li Bai had to do that because he was very poor. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的“Like Du Fu, he spent much of his life travelling”可知，李白和杜甫一样花了很多时间在旅行上。故选B。 3．According to the passage the statements are mentioned about Li Bai EXCEPT ________． A．he is a representative of the combination of realistic and romantic culture B．he could not put his ability to good use in serving his country at that time C．he had a depressed mental state and only drank wine and chanted poetry D．he made the poems in which complaints and dissatisfaction could be shown 答案：D　细节理解题。通读全文可知，D项(他创作的诗歌中抱怨和不满能够被展示出来)没有被提及。故选D。 4．In which column of the newspaper may the passage appear? A．Literature. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Fashion. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了唐代最伟大的浪漫主义诗人李白的诗歌和生平，由此可推知，这篇文章会出现在报纸的文学专栏。故选A。 1．representative n. 代表；典型人物 2．realistic adj. 现实的；实际的 3．embrace v. 拥抱 1．merge into 结合；并入 2．be known for 以……闻名 B The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. In the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses (海象) and whales. They also hunted caribou (北美驯鹿). On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaver (河狸). They also fished.On the plains people lived by hunting buffalo. In the east people grew crops of beans, squash (南瓜), maize (玉米) and sunflower seeds. The first Europeans to reach Canada were the Vikings. In 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land. However he sailed away without landing. In 1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland (it was part of Canada). However Eriksson did not stay permanently. Later the Vikings did establish a colony (殖民地) in North America but they abandoned it because of conflict with the natives. However, after the Vikings, Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th century. In 1497 the English King Henry Ⅶ sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to Newfoundland. Cabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast of Canada. Then in 1534 and in 1535－1536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier (1491－1557) sailed on two expeditions to Canada. On 10 August, 1535 (St Lawrence's Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saint. However no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century. In 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain (1567－1635) sailed up the St Lawrence River. In 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia). In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. (The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river). In 1642 the French founded Montreal. The new colony in Canada was called New France. By 1685 the population of New France was about 10，000. By 1740 it was 48，000. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是加拿大逐步被发现和被命名的早期历史。 5．In which part of Canada did people grow crops? A．In the north. B．In the east. C．On the west coast. D．On the plains. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“In the east people grew crops of beans, squash (南瓜), maize (玉米) and sunflower seeds. (在东部，人们种植豆类、南瓜、玉米和葵花籽。)”可知，人们在加拿大的东部地区种植农作物。故选B。 6．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Europeans set foot on Canada. B．Europeans started expeditions. C．Europeans fought against the natives. D．Europeans began to make permanent settlements. 答案：D　段落大意题。通读最后一段尤其是第一句“However no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century.”可知，本段主要介绍了欧洲人开始在加拿大建立永久定居点。故选D。 7．What is the best title for the passage? A．The early history of Canada B．The languages of Canada C．Europeans started expeditions D．The war between Europeans and Canadians 答案：A　标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是加拿大逐步被发现和被命名的早期历史，因此A项(加拿大的早期历史)最适合作文章标题。故选A。 1．spot v. 发现 2．permanently adv. 永久地 3．expedition n. 远征；考察 name after 以……命名 C Carl Wilhelm Scheele ranks as one of the greatest scientists of all time, but he paid a big price for this honor. Born in 1742 in present­day Germany, Scheele learned about chemicals from his parents starting at a young age. When he was 14, he was sent away to Gothenburg (哥德堡) to become the apprentice (学徒) of a family friend. There he spent eight years studying chemistry and conducting experiments late into the night. Next, Scheele moved around the Holy Roman Empire, working for different chemists and becoming more learned in his trade. In 1767, he moved to Stockholm, where he discovered tartaric acid (酒石酸)． After three years in Stockholm, he became the director of the Locke Laboratory. It was there, while he was analyzing a strange reaction, that Scheele became the first person to identify oxygen. He called the__element “fire air” because he believed, based on the theories of his time, that a substance that made up fire was released from items when they burned. Scheele believed oxygen to be this substance, not understanding that oxygen is merely an element that facilitates (促进) the chemical reaction that is fire. As historic as this discovery was, Scheele seldom got credit for it, largely because English scientist Joseph Priestley published findings on oxygen before Scheele, even though it is now generally accepted that Scheele made the actual discovery first. Through his work, he thus exposed himself to many harmful materials. These chemicals had a deadly effect on Scheele, and he eventually died of kidney failure in 1786. Sadly, in spite of his many achievements and the fact that he gave his life to chemistry, Carl Wilhelm Scheele is often forgotten in the history of science. Though he discovered many elements before other better­known scientists did, his unwillingness to both attend meetings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and to publish his work allowed other scientists to take credit for discoveries that he had made. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家Carl Wilhelm Scheele(卡尔·威尔海姆·舍勒)的生平和主要成就。 8．Who first taught Chemistry to Scheele? A．His parents. B．Joseph Priestley. C．His family friend. D．The Holy Roman Empire. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Born in 1742 ... at a young age.(舍勒于1742年出生在现在的德国，很小的时候就从父母那里学习化学。)”可知，第一个教Scheele化学的是他的父母。故选A。 9．When did Scheele probably discover oxygen? A．In 1745. B．In 1767. C．In 1770. D．In 1789. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“In 1767, he moved to Stockholm”和第三段的内容可知，1767年，他移居斯德哥尔摩，在那待了三年之后，他成为了洛克实验室的主任，在那里他成为第一个发现氧气的人。由此可推知，Scheele可能是1770年发现氧气的，故选C。 10．What do the underlined words “the element” refer to? A．Oxygen. B．Tartaric acid. C．The strange reaction. D．The chemical experiment. 答案：A　指代判断题。根据第三段中的“Scheele became the first person to identify oxygen.”和画线词后的“Scheele believed oxygen to be this substance”可知，the element指代“oxygen”。故选A。 11．What can we learn about Scheele from the text? A．He has been world­famous since the 1700s. B．He actually died due to his dangerous work. C．He discovered oxygen later than Joseph Priestley. D．He thought his findings were not valuable at all. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，通过他的工作，他接触到了许多有害物质。这些化学物质对Scheele产生了致命的影响，他最终于1786年死于肾衰竭。由此可推知，Scheele实际上是由于他的危险工作而死的。故选B。 1．rank v. 把……分等级，属于某等级 2．identify v. 认出，识别 3．substance n. 物质，材料 expose oneself to 使暴露；置身于 37 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$