Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册创新导学案Word（译林版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第三册(译林) Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Life on a space station 空间站的生活 Living in space is every would­be astronaut's dream. 在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。 My six­month stay on a space station has come to an end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. 我在空间站的六个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但奇妙的冒险。 I bet you'd love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! 我敢保证你想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！ ①astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员 ②gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep. 从我们睡觉的那刻起，就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样才不会四处飘浮。 •We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling. 我们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，它们更像是大的壁橱，或者睡在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。 It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 After about eight hours of sleep, we start our day of work. 在约八小时的睡眠后，我们开始了一天的工作。 ③absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席 ④float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮　vt. 使浮动，使漂流 ⑤cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜 ⑥ceiling n. 天花板；上限 ⑦bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰　vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)　n. 麻烦，困难 ⑧which引导非限制性定语从句，对private quarters进行补充说明； attached为过去分词作后置定语，修饰sleeping bags。 The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 日常工作占用了一天里大部分时间，要求很高，但它们也会非常有意义。 Our main mission is to conduct scientific research. 我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。 We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants. 我们需要评估低重力对动植物的影响。 Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station! 诸如老鼠、鱼、蚊子等生物也被送到了空间站！ ⑨occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 ⑩mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 ⑪evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价 ⑫creature n. 动物，生物；人 ⑬mosquito n. 蚊子 In a low­gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope. 在低重力环境下，我们可以在显微镜下更多地了解细胞和微生物的变化。 As well as doing these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields. 除了做这些生物实验，我们还开展其他研究领域的实验。 I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. 我一直在做一个实验，这个实验定位并追踪地球上大片区域的闪电。 Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection. 希望它能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。 With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning. 空间站里发生那么多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支撑系统，并做一些清洁工作。 ⑭microscope n. 显微镜 ⑮cast__new__light__on 使进一步了解…… ⑯maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持 The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. 最具挑战性的工作发生在我们需要在空间站外面执行任务的时候，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站。 In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. 首先，我们穿上太空服，它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。 Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible below. 然后我们走出去，有时执行任务要连续好几个小时，向下可以看到美丽的地球。 •Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 It's probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. 这可能是最危险的工作，有潜在的风险，比如触电。 That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么每次的太空行走要仔细规划好。 ⑰circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 ⑱in__the__circumstance 在这种情况下，既然如此 ⑲exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道 ⑳radiation n. 辐射，放射线 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的 as引导让步状语从句，常将表语前置，构成倒装。 In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也是不同的。 Most food is dried or freeze­dried. 大多数食物都是脱水或冻干的。 •It's a luxury to eat fresh food, because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。 Salt and pepper are only in liquid form, so that they will not float away and block the air pipes. 盐和胡椒粉仅以液体的形式存在，这样它们就不会飘来飘去，堵塞通气管。 However, liquids can't be easily controlled in space. 但是，液体在太空中不容易控制。 We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic. 我们必须用塑料细管，从袋子里面喝水或其他液体。 Furthermore, to keep our body healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills. 此外，为了保持身体健康，我们必须通过吃药来保证营养的均衡补给。 in__view__of 鉴于，考虑到 luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 tube n. 管，管子；软管 furthermore adv. 此外，再者 pill n. 药丸，药片 it作形式主语，动词不定式to eat fresh food作真正的主语，because引导原因状语从句。 •Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 Did you know that in just five months, astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass? 你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？ •Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. 鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。 Exercise in space is not your average workout. 在太空中锻炼可不是普通的锻炼。 We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around. 我们必须绑在专门设计的运动器材上，防止我们到处飘浮。 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练　n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 “be＋of＋抽象名词”相当于其名词所对应的形容词，表示主语具有某种特征或属性。 considering为介词，意为“鉴于，就……而言，考虑到”，引导的句子在句中作状语。 •During our leisure time, there's nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home. 在空闲时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的星球从身边经过，拍点照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。 As the space station travels at a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. 因为空间站以每小时约17，500英里的速度飞行，所以我们每隔90分钟就能看到日出。 In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. 在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。 leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 crew n. 全体工作人员；全体乘务人员，全体船员；专业团队 nothing和more than连用，为“否定＋比较级”，表达最高级的含义。 1 The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.(教材P16) 从睡觉的那一刻起，我们就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。 剖析 the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。 归纳 拓展 ①I sent you the news the instant I heard it. 我一听到这消息就告诉你了。 ②I'll give him the letter as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就把信给他。 ③We get up directly the bell rings. 铃一响，我们就起床。 ④He had hardly arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到，她就开始抱怨起来。 在no sooner ... than ... 和hardly ... when ... 中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。no sooner 和hardly常放在句首表示强调，这时要用部分倒装。 No sooner had I got off the bus than I realized my wallet was stolen. 我刚下公共汽车，就意识到钱包被偷了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①No sooner had she said it ________ she burst into tears. ②I unpacked my bags as soon ________ I arrived. ③He acted with decision ________ moment he heard the news. ④The thief ran away ________ (direct) he saw the policeman. 答案：①than　②as　③the　④directly (2)完成句子 他们一完成工作电源就被切断了。 Hardly ____________________ their work when the electricity was cut off. 答案：had they finished 2 absence n. 缺乏，不存在；缺席(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①In the absence of gray wolves in that area, the deer population grew quickly. 那个地区没有了灰狼，鹿的数量迅速增长。 ②In case anyone should come in my absence, tell him I will be back soon. 万一我离开期间有人来，告诉他我很快就回来。 ③His absence of mind made him miss the teacher's key words. 他的心不在焉使他漏听了老师说的关键词。 ④Due to his illness, he has been absent from school for two weeks. 他因病已经有两个星期没上学了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Smith was absent ________ the meeting yesterday, which made the boss unhappy. ②Frequently absence ________ mind in the class made him fail in the exam. ③________ the absence of parents' company in their childhood, these children will lack of confidence. 答案：①from　②of　③In (2)完成句子 ①他告诉我，这个决定是在我不在的时候做出的。 He told me the decision was made ________________________． ②你没来上课的事实不能免除你写作业的责任。 The fact that ________________________ doesn't absolve you from doing homework. 答案：①in/during my absence　②you were absent from the class 3 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰　vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)　n. 麻烦，困难(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①What bothered me was that the project couldn't start as planned due to his absence. 令我烦恼的是，由于他不在，项目不能按计划启动。 ②Don't bother to get dinner for me. I have something important to do. 请不必费事为我做饭了。我有重要的事要做。 ③He couldn't bother with any other problems that came his way. 他无法再为他的其他问题而费心了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They don't bother ________ (do) something that won't give them results. ②It seems that you don't sound too bothered ________ it. ③It bothered me ________ the old man was left alone in that big house. 答案：①to do/doing　②about/with　③that (2)完成句子 无法找到每一个问题的答案并不会让他感到烦恼。 ____________________________ he can't find the answer to everything. 答案：It doesn't bother him that 4 occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The bed seemed to occupy most of the room. 床似乎占去了大半个房间。 ②I occupied myself in collecting information last week. ＝I was occupied in collecting information last week. 我上周忙着收集有关信息。 ③This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. 这需要致力于某一特定职业、学科或研究。 “忙于(做)某事”的其他表达有：be busy doing sth, be busy with sth, be engaged in sth等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She occupies herself ________ routine office tasks every day. ②The most important thing is to keep yourself ________ (occupy)． ③Please state your name, age and ________ (occupy) on the application form. ④I have been occupied ________ finishing this task recently, so sorry I can't go to your party. 答案：①with　②occupied　③occupation　④in/with (2)句型转换 He has been occupying himself in writing a novel, so he didn't attend the party last night. →__________________________， he didn't attend the party last night. →______________________， he didn't attend the party last night. 答案：Occupying himself in writing a novel; Occupied in writing a novel 5 evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The performance of each employee is evaluated once a year. 每年都要评估一次每位雇员的表现。 ②I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。 ③Let's have a look at an evaluation of the health care system. 让我们一起看看对医疗保健制度的评价。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We need to carry out a proper ________ (evaluate) of the new system. ②It is widely acknowledged that students should ________ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 答案：①evaluation　②be evaluated (2)完成句子 ①首先，你需要评估你自己——你的价值观、你的优点、你的缺点、你的成就和你的愿望。 First, ____________________________—your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements and your desires. ②客人在酒店受到的待遇影响了他们对服务的评价。 The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced ____________________________. 答案：①you need to evaluate yourself　②their evaluation of the service 6 cast new light on 使进一步了解……(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 ①Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease. 最新研究使人们进一步了解了这种疾病的起因。 ②She cast off her former friends and started a new life. 她远离了以前的朋友，开始了全新的生活。 ③A born optimist, he refused to be cast down. 作为一个天生的乐观主义者，他拒绝沮丧。 ④However, the new results cast doubt on both explanations. 然而，新的结果使人对这两种解释都产生了怀疑。 (1)用cast的相关短语填空 ①She ________ an impatient look ________ Tom and stormed out of the room. ②Minutes later, we ____________ and headed offshore in a southerly direction. ③The latest scientific discoveries ____________ earlier theories. ④Could you ____________ this letter and tell me if it's OK? 答案：①cast; at　②cast off　③cast doubt on　④cast an eye over (2)翻译 专家的解释使人们对这个抽象的理论有了新的认识。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The expert's explanation cast new light on the abstract theory. 7 maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持(教材P16) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①This new method can reduce software development cost and software maintenance cost. 新方法既可降低软件开发成本又可减少软件维护费用。 ②Only when we're polite to others, can we maintain a pleasant relationship with them. 只有当我们待人礼貌时，我们才能和他人维持愉快的关系。 ③You should maintain contact with the buyer. 你应该与买方保持联系。 ④The men maintained that they were out of the country when the crime was committed. 男人们坚持说，案发时他们在国外。 (1)单句语法填空 ①A lot depends on building and ________ (maintain) a good relationship with your customers. ②The window was replaced last week during routine ________ (maintain)． 答案：①maintaining　②maintenance (2)完成句子 我们意识到了天然食品对保持健康的重要性。 We've realized the importance of natural food to __________________________． 答案：the maintenance of health 8 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The circumstance will only change when you start to decide on the solution. 只有在你决定解决问题的时候，境况才能有所改变。 ②In the circumstances, it seemed better not to bother him at the moment. 在这种情况下，目前不去打扰他似乎更好。 ③Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。 易混辨析：circumstance/situation/condition/state circumstance 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况 situation 指明确具体的环境情况或处境 condition 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况 state 指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式 ①The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control. 会议因不可控情况的出现而被取消了。 ②Her news put me in a difficult situation. 她的消息让我陷入困难的境地。 ③Mum's still got our pram—it's very old, but it's in perfect condition. 妈妈还留着我们的婴儿车——虽然很旧了，但仍然完好。 ④The kitchen was in its original state, with a 1920s sink and stove. 厨房还保留着最初的样子，有一个20世纪20年代的水槽和炉子。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She made it clear that under ________ circumstances would she cancel the trip. ②Children will be removed from their parents only ________ extreme circumstances. 答案：①no　②in/under (2)选词填空(circumstances/situation/condition/state) ①The economic ________ is now different from that of twenty years ago. ②They left the flat in a terrible ________—there was mess everywhere. ③She was found wandering in a confused ________ of mind. ④What is the best course of action in the ________？ 答案：①situation　②condition　③state　④circumstances (3)翻译 在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Under no circumstances should we give up our hope. 9 exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 ①Their cancers are not so clearly tied to radiation exposure. 他们的癌症与接触辐射并没有太明显的联系。 ②We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 ③She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable. 她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。 在上述短语中，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。to是介词的短语还有： be accustomed to, be addicted to, contribute to, get down to, pay attention to等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We should expose ourselves ________ as many new ideas as possible. ②________ (expose) to these pollutants may result in disease. ③The medicine can't ________ (expose) to daylight directly. 答案：①to　②Exposure　③be exposed (2)翻译 当我还是个孩子的时候，我就置身在浓郁的阅读环境中了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：As a kid, I was exposed to a strong reading culture. 10 Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(教材P17) 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 剖析 第一个as为连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，句子用部分倒装，从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。 归纳 拓展 ①Try as/though he might, he still failed in the chemistry experiment. 尽管他努力了，但他的化学实验还是失败了。 ②Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他尽管还是个孩子，但却知道很多。 ③Heavily as/though it was raining outside, they started out very early. 尽管外面雨下得很大，但是他们很早就出发了。 ④In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods. 我决不会采用他的任何一个方法。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (careful) as I explained, she still didn't understand the sentence. ②Weak ________ he was, he still insisted on working in the office. ③________ no time did I give my consent to the plan. 答案：①Carefully　②as/though　③At (2)句型转换 Although you read fast, you can't finish the book in two days. →__________________________， you can't finish the book in two days. 答案：Fast as/though you read 11 That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(教材P17) 这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。 剖析 That's why ...意为“那就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。 归纳 拓展 ①That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus. 这就是为什么我在街对面的联合办公空间有会员资格——这样我可以集中精力。 ②That's because I met an old friend on the way to school. 那是因为我在上学的路上遇到了一位老朋友。 ③The reason why he was late for school this morning is that his alarm clock didn't go off. 他今天早晨上学迟到的原因就是他闹钟没响。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I didn't come yesterday; that's ________ it rained heavily. ②Tom overslept this morning; that's ________ he was late for work. 答案：①because　②why (2)翻译 ①部分是因为工业恰恰就在该市的中心地带。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②每个人都会犯错误，这就是为什么人们把橡皮装在铅笔上。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①In part that's because industry is directly in the middle of the city.　②Everybody makes mistakes; that's why they put erasers on pencils. 12 in view of 鉴于，考虑到(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 ①Many view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and refresh friendship. 许多人把这些聚会看作是交流思想、重叙友情的机会。 ②In my view, it's important for us to protect the environment. 我认为，保护环境对我们来说是重要的。 ③There was nobody in view. 一个人也看不见。 ④The village you are looking for will come into view at the next turn. 再拐个弯儿就可以看到你找的村子了。 (1)用view的相关短语填空 ①________________， it's wise for you to tell her the truth. ②____________ of the shortage of time, each person may only speak for five minutes. ③We kept the other car ____________ for a while, but then lost sight of it. ④The Internet is ________ by many ________ a revolutionary educational tool. 答案：①From my point of view/In my view　②In view　③in view　④viewed; as (2)完成句子 鉴于他还只是个学生这一事实，他的成就是很了不起的。 __________________________ he was only a student, his achievements were remarkable. 答案：In view of the fact that 13 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 ②It is vital that you (should) keep accurate records when you are self­employed. 干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's vital ________ (keep) a good state of mind before exams. ②The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital ________ its success. 答案：①to keep　②to/for (2)完成句子 至关紧要的是，我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林。 __________________________________ to stop the destruction of the rainforests. 答案：It is vital that we (should) take action 14 Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.(教材P17) 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 剖析 is of vital importance是“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于其名词所对应的形容词，表示主语具有某种特征或属性。 归纳 拓展 (1)用于“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构中常见的抽象名词有：importance, value, help, use, benefit, interest, significance等。在这类抽象名词前可用一些形容词，如：great, little, some, any, no, not much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。 (2)“be＋of＋名词”结构还可用来说明句子主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有：colour, age, size, height, weight, shape, type, kind, quality等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。 ①Sports and games are of great importance (＝are very important) to our health. 体育运动和比赛对我们的健康非常重要。 ②The book will be of great value (＝will be very valuable) to students of history. 这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。 ③Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and different metals. 货币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。 (1)单句语法填空 The twin sisters are ________ the same size and the skirt fits each of them exactly. 答案：of (2)句型转换 ①Doing morning exercises will be very beneficial to your health. →Doing morning exercises ________________________ to your health. ②Coal is very important to the development of industry. →Coal ______________________ to the development of industry. 答案：①will be of great benefit　②is of great importance 15 discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练　n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力(教材P17) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. 这所学校因纪律严格而闻名遐迩。 ②Dieting is a matter of disciplining yourself. 节食是自我控制的问题。 ③The officers were disciplined for using improper approaches. 这些军官因使用不恰当的方式而受到惩罚。 (1)单句语法填空 ①What new skills or ________ (discipline) would you like me to work on? ②Steven was disciplined ________ refusing to answer their questions. ③He tried to discipline ________ (he) to read two books a week. 答案：①disciplines　②for　③himself (2)完成句子 他因为上课打瞌睡受到了老师的惩罚。 ____________________________________ in class. 答案：He was disciplined by the teacher for falling asleep Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The museum will have a ________ (永久的) exhibition of 60 vintage and racing cars. 答案：permanent 2．The punishment a criminal deserves should be in proportion to the ________ (严重性) of the offence. 答案：gravity 3．Hobbies offer knowledge and relaxation. ________ (此外), they help improve one's mental and physical health. 答案：Furthermore 4．These days, pet­keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world that have no tradition of sink into a comfortable couch with a furry ________ (动物)． 答案：creature 5．The ________ (宇航员) will manage their own health through physical exercise and regular monitoring. 答案：astronauts 6．The rain had stopped and a star or two was v________ over the mountains. 答案：visible 7．A________， it was a delightful town garden, peaceful and secluded. 答案：Altogether 8．In response to parents' complaints, some cities have significantly cut school hours to give children more time for l________ and play. 答案：leisure 9．I don't want to b________ her with my problems at the moment. 答案：bother 10．He was weaned on a diet of rigid d________ and duty. 答案：discipline Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Daily ________ (maintain) plays a more important role than repair in regard to protection. 答案：maintenance 2．He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's ________ (absent) from school. 答案：absence 3．For the first time in three years, they actually had the ________ (luxurious) of a whole day together. 答案：luxury 4．All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of ________ (expose) on television and in the press. 答案：exposure 5．Does it bother you ________ she earns more than you? 答案：that 6．The young teacher is working hard to buy a new flat near his working site for his own ________ (occupy), not for rent. 答案：occupation 7．It's just another one of this year's routine ________ (mission). 答案：missions 8．The teacher's analysis of the problem cast new light ________ the solution to it for us. 答案：on 9．In their ________ (evaluate) of the project, they considered only certain aspects of it. 答案：evaluation 10．The project was running late owing to unforeseen ________ (circumstance)． 答案：circumstances Ⅲ.完成句子 1．鉴于上面所提到的事实情况，我们将不得不取消会议。 ________________ the above­mentioned facts, we will have to cancel the meeting. 答案：In view of 2．这使得股票交易所在这种情况下可以迅速行动。 This would allow the stock exchange to act swiftly ____________________. 答案：in such circumstances 3．我两周没上学了，落下不少功课，这就是我努力学习的原因。 I haven't been to school for two weeks and have missed a lot of lessons; ______________ I'm working hard at my lessons. 答案：that's why 4．我虽然非常佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。 ________________________________， I don't think he acted wisely. 答案：Much as I admire his courage 5．信守承诺至关重要，不然，空头承诺只会带来坏名声。 It's ________________________ live up to our promises; otherwise, empty promises would only result in bad names. 答案：of vital importance to 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to __1__ for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating __2__ detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artwork were unhappy __3__ the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it. As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with __4__ and scientists to get the most up­to­date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one __5__ another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were __6__． Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not __7__ his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art and science of __8__ and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was here __9__ he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the __10__． In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn (土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were __11__. Within a few years, Bonestell's artwork was appearing regularly in magazines and books __12__ astronomy and space flight. Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. __13__ the biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the Moon. “I thought how __14__ I was！” he said. “My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the Moon.” But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flights, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure __15__. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师Chesley Bonestell(切斯利·博内斯特尔)在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前，用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解。 1．A.apply B．seek C．blame D．agree 答案：C　根据上文“millions of people were rather sad”可知，数百万人感到相当悲伤，此事应归咎于Bonestell。故选C。 2．A.beautifully B．dreadfully C．falsely D．completely 答案：A　根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is”可知，Bonestell为月球和行星创作的画是美丽的。故选A。 3．A.because B．since C．when D．provided 答案：A　根据下文“the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it”可知，观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月亮和Bonestell的画作不像。故选A。 4．A.architects B．astronauts C．analysts D．astronomers 答案：D　根据下文“get the most up­to­date scientific information available”可知，Bonestell与天文学家和科学家合作，获得最新的科学信息。astronomer “天文学家”。故选D。 5．A.would see B．had seen C．was seeing D．have seen 答案：B　此处表示没有人近距离地观察过另一个星球。根据句意，并结合时间状语“in the 1940s and 1950s”可知，此处应用过去完成时。故选B。 6．A.profiles B．photographs C．posters D．patents 答案：B　根据上文“Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知，Bonestell的画非常真实，有些人认为它们是照片。故选B。 7．A.take on B．take in C．take up D．take off 答案：C　根据下文“his career as a space artist”可知，此处表示Bonestell没有从事太空艺术家这一职业。take up “开始从事”。故选C。 8．A.drawing B．outlining C．photographing D．designing 答案：D　此处表示建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术和科学。故选D。 9．A.where B．which C．that D．why 答案：C　本句使用了强调句句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，设空处应用that。故选C。 10．A.magazines B．movies C．advertisements D．media 答案：B　根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知，Bonestell在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B。 11．A.impressive B．disappointing C．scary D．ambiguous 答案：A　根据下文“Within a few years ... astronomy and space flight.”可知，这些画的效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A。 12．A.in B．of C．at D．on 答案：D　根据下文“astronomy and space flight”可知，此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D。 13．A.Still B．And C．But D．Even 答案：C　此处表示Bonestell的许多艺术作品自始至终都是正确的，但最令人惊讶的是月球。句子前后为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故选C。 14．A.right B．wrong C．thrilled D．successful 答案：B　根据下文“My mountains were sharp (陡峭的), and they aren't on the Moon.”可知，此处表示Bonestell认为自己是错误的。故选B。 15．A.coming B．to come C．came D．would come 答案：B　此处表示即将到来的惊人的太空探险，设空处表示动作即将发生，应用不定式形式作后置定语，修饰the amazing space adventure。故选B。 Ⅱ　阅读 A demonstration mission to test an idea of cleaning up space junk was launched in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA­d, the mission will exhibit technology that can help deal with space junk. The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward the Earth to burn up in the atmosphere. ELSA­d, which stands for End­of­life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer spacecraft” and a “client satellite” that are launched together, according to Astroscale. Spacecraft will release and try to meet with the client satellite, which will act as a piece of space junk. The mission will carry out this catch­and­release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity. However, the spacecraft is not designed to deal with dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with docking plates on them. Space junk has been a growing problem for years. According to a recent report by NASA, at least 26，000 of the millions of pieces of space junk are the size of a softball. Orbiting along at 17，500 mph, they could destroy a satellite. And the most common space junk, more than 100 million pieces, is the size of a grain of salt and could make holes in a spacesuit, amplifying risk to spacecraft and crew. The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2016, Japan's space agency sent a 700­meter chain into space to try to slow down and redirect space junk. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a large piece of space junk. These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space projects like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit in a messy way. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种清理太空垃圾的新方法。 1．How will the servicer spacecraft function? A．By breaking space junk into pieces. B．By pushing space junk towards the Earth. C．By adding docking plates to client satellites. D．By drawing dead satellites away from the Earth. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The spacecraft works ... in the atmosphere.(航天器的工作原理是试图将自己连接到死卫星上，并将它们推向地球，在大气层中烧毁。)”可知，服务者航天器通过将太空垃圾推向地球来发挥作用。故选B。 2．What kind of space junk will the servicer mainly deal with? A．Dead satellites in orbit. B．Large pieces of space junk. C．Satellites to be launched with docking plates. D．Space junk around working satellites in a messy way. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, the spacecraft is not ... with docking plates on them.(然而，该航天器的设计目的并不是处理已经在轨道上的死卫星，而是处理未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。)”可知，服务者航天器将主要处理的太空垃圾是未来发射的带有对接板的卫星。故选C。 3．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “amplifying” in Paragraph 4? A．increasing B．removing C．examining D．transporting 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“And the most common ... make holes in a spacesuit(而最常见的太空垃圾超过1亿片，只有一粒盐那么大，可以将宇航服撞出洞)”可知，太空垃圾可以将宇航服撞出洞，这无疑增加了航天器和宇航员的风险，increasing “增加”，能够代替画线词。故选A。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Space research is becoming important. B．The function of artificial satellites is various. C．It's necessary to conduct the clear­up mission. D．SpaceX plays an important role in sending satellites. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“These efforts could prove increasingly ... a messy way.(随着SpaceX等私人空间项目继续以混乱的方式填满近地轨道，这些努力可能会变得越来越重要。)”可推知，有必要执行太空清理任务。故选C。 1．demonstration n. 示范；证明，证实 2．exhibit v. 展示 3．target n. 目标 burn up 烧毁 Ⅲ　语法填空 Litter is everywhere, doing great harm __1__ the environment and life on our planet. Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter­free world, started a global community named Litterati __2__ (settle) this problem. The story began with his 6­year­old daughter. One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a broken plastic tub (浴盆) in a river. She said, “Daddy, that doesn't go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise. He, like many adults, had become so used to seeing the rubbish __3__ (throw) around them that he hadn't given it a second look. __4__ his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces. Jeff started to take __5__ (act). He created Litterati, an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. The idea is __6__ (fair) simple: Spot a piece of trash, take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. __7__ (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet, people worldwide started participating. Up to now, over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3，500 people from over 40 countries __8__ (find) their way to Litterati's digital landfill. Litterati is more than an app. It is highly __9__ (effect) solution to a pressing issue. Wherever you live, whatever you do and __10__ you are, join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jeff Kirschner(杰夫·克什纳)在女儿的影响下创办了一个名叫Litterati的app，鼓励人们清理垃圾保护环境。 1．to　考查介词。句意：垃圾到处都是，对我们的环境和生活有很大的坏处。固定短语do harm to “对……有害”。故填to。 2．to settle　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to settle。 3．thrown　考查非谓语动词。throw与rubbish之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填thrown。 4．What　考查主语从句的连接词。句意：他的女儿说的话提醒了他我们的星球所面临的这个严重的问题。此处是主语从句，连接词在从句中作said的宾语，应用what，意为“他的女儿说的话”。故填What。 5．action　考查词性转换。句意：Jeff开始采取行动了。固定短语take action “采取行动”。故填action。 6．fairly　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词simple。故填fairly。 7．Seeing　考查非谓语动词。people与see之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Seeing。 8．have found　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为复数。故填have found。 9．effective　考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词solution。故填effective。 10．whoever　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：无论你生活在那里，无论你做什么，无论你是谁，参加Litterati吧，让我们的世界成为一个更为清洁健康的居住的地方。此处与“Wherever you live, whatever you do”构成并列关系，应用whoever引导让步状语从句。故填whoever。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假如你是校报编辑李华，校报英文版计划面向全体同学开展以“My space dream”为主题的征文比赛。请你在校报上写一则通知。内容包括： 1.作品要求； 2．截止时间及投稿方式。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Notice To satisfy students' thirst for the knowledge of space, our school English newspaper will organize an activity to write an article titled “My space dream”． The article mainly focuses on the development of our space industry and your space dream, which will greatly help us students know about the history and development of our space industry, and then inspire us to make contributions to it. Anyone who shows interest in it is welcome to take part in. Remember to send your article to English newspaper club @126.com by June 5. Your participation will surely make a difference. 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. Muscle and bone loss In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves, so the muscles start shrinking. To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the International Space Station. Sleep disorder In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light­dark cycle when they sleep. Now they have individual sleeping pods (分离舱) that help shut out some of the light. Sill, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours. Brain Change Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during space flight. It can influence how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to the Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more space flights. But more research is still needed. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在太空度过太多时间可能会导致的健康问题。 1．What does the underlined word “shrinking” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Becoming longer. B．Becoming thicker. C．Becoming weaker. D．Becoming stronger. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前“In a weightless environment, astronauts (宇航员) ... support themselves(在失重环境中，宇航员不需要用肌肉来支撑自己)”可知，长时间不使用肌肉，肌肉会萎缩，变得越来越弱。由此可知，shrinking意为“萎缩”，即becoming weaker “变得更虚弱”。故选C。 2．How can sleeping pods help astronauts according to the text? A．To stay warm at night. B．To fix sleeping position. C．To enjoy a quiet place. D．To shut out some of the light. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Now they have ... some of the light.”可知，睡眠分离舱帮助宇航员阻挡部分光线。故选D。 3．What might the scientists research about next according to the last paragraph? A．Space brain change. B．Space exercise. C．Weightless environment. D．Light­dark cycle. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Scientists have found ... and move around.(科学家发现，在太空飞行过程中，大脑的位置会发生变化。它可以影响我们如何看事物、保持平衡和行动。)”和第四句“Scientists have also ... is still needed.(科学家还发现，宇航员在进行更多的太空飞行后，可能会习惯这种变化。但仍需要更多的研究。)”可推知，科学家们下一步可能研究太空大脑改变的问题。故选A。 4．What's the best title of this text? A．Sleep Disorder in Space B．Brain Change in Space C．Muscle and Bone Loss in Space D．Health Problems in Space 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在太空度过太多时间可能会导致的健康问题。由此可知，D项(在太空的健康问题)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 1．weightless adj. 失重的 2．cycle n. 周期；循环 3．individual adj. 单独的；个人的 shut out 使……不能进入；遮住 B The lettuce grown on board the International Space Station (ISS) was just as safe and nutritious as crops grown on Earth, scientists have found. Study of the lettuce grown on the ISS showed it was comparable to the plants grown on Earth. Its nutritional value was largely the same. They also found that none of the types of bacteria (细菌) were those known to cause disease in humans. Most of the food eaten by astronauts on the ISS is processed and pre­packaged. Over time, however, this stored food starts to lose quality and nutrition. While this is not a problem for astronauts on board, as food from Earth is supplied regularly, for long space flights—like those to the Moon and Mars—it could really become a problem. “Right now we cannot make sure that we will have a diet to meet the needs of astronauts for these longer space missions, so one possible solution will be to supply the packaged diet with fresh produce，” said NASA's Christina Khodadad and Gioia Massa. “This space­grown lettuce will provide additional nutrients to the packaged diet. Growing plants may also provide psychological (心理的) comfort when astronauts are far from home. In addition to providing food, plants generate oxygen as well as remove carbon dioxide, which is important in closed systems like the ISS or future Moon/Mars facilities，” they added. The biggest problem for growing crops in space, the researchers said, is delivering water, oxygen and nutrients to the roots (根). However, they said that with the right plant growth systems, crops can be grown anywhere. “We are continuing to test other crops, with the addition of small fruiting crops like peppers and tomatoes in the next couple of years ... We hope soon to get to the point where astronauts will be able to choose the crops that they want to grow，” the researchers said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现国际空间站种的生菜跟地球上种的生菜一样安全，有营养。 5．What have scientists found about the space­grown lettuce? A．It has more bacteria. B．It grows bigger. C．It is less nutritious. D．It is safe to eat. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The lettuce grown ... grown on Earth(国际空间站种的生菜跟地球上种的生菜一样安全，有营养)”可知，国际空间站种的生菜是安全的，可以放心食用。故选D。 6．What may happen to food on a long space flight? A．It will cause disease. B．It will be of poor quality. C．It will soon go bad. D．It will not be delicious. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Over time, however, this stored food starts to lose quality and nutrition.(然而，随着时间，这种储存的食物开始失去品质和营养。)”可知，空间站的储备食物时间久了质量会变差。故选B。 7．What can be inferred about space planting from Paragraph 3? A．It costs a lot and takes long. B．It will cause danger in closed systems. C．It can provide powerful seeds for Earth. D．It favors astronauts physically and mentally. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This space­grown lettuce will ... are far from home.(这种空间站种植的生菜将在包装好的饮食的基础上提供额外的营养。当宇航员远离家的时候，种植也能提供心理安慰。)”可推知，空间站种植给宇航员身心带来好处。故选D。 8．What are astronauts going to do on the ISS? A．Build a plant growth system. B．Study how to water plants. C．Grow other crops. D．Make food with the space­grown lettuce. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We hope soon to get to the point where astronauts will be able to choose the crops that they want to grow(我们希望很快到达这个阶段，宇航员们可以选择他们想要种植的农作物)”可推知，宇航员将在空间站种植其他的农作物。故选C。 1．nutritious adj. 有营养的 2．supply v. 供应，提供 1．be comparable to 比得上……的；与……可比较的 2．in addition to 除……之外(还) C It seems that we are one step closer to finding alien life and maybe a future home for humanity. Scientists from NASA have found a new solar system filled with planets that look like the Earth and could even support life. The group of seven planets, which orbits a star called Trappist­1, is 39 light years away from the Earth in the constellation (星座) of Aquarius (水瓶座). And three of them are in the “habitable zone”—the area around a star where water is most likely to be found. This is important because water is necessary for life. “This is an amazing planetary (行星的) system—not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth，” astronomer Michael Gillon from the University of Liege in Belgium told The Independent. Trappist­1 is a “dwarf star (矮星)” which is colder and shines dimmer than our sun. If a person were on one of the seven planets, everything would look a lot darker than usual. The amount of light heading toward our eyes would be about 200 times less than we get from the sun, according to The Independent. Because of that, Trappist­1, together with many other dwarf stars, was never on the list of places where scientists looked for alien life. But Michael Gillon, lead researcher behind the discovery, decided to give dwarf stars a chance. He built a telescope in Chile to observe 60 of the closest dwarf stars, and it turned out that Trappist­1 was worthy of the effort. The researchers hope that they can spend more time watching the newly found planets to learn more about them. Even though more research is needed before determining whether these planets could really support life, the discovery is still encouraging. It shows just how many Earth­size planets could be out there. “The discovery gives us a hint that finding a second Earth is not just a matter of if, but when，” NASA scientist Thomas Zurbuchen told The Telegraph. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局的科学家发现了一个新的太阳系，里面充满了看起来像地球的行星，甚至可以支持生命。 9．What can be learned about the new solar system from the text? A．It contains a sun and planets like the Earth. B．There are aliens on the planets. C．Water can be found on all of the planets. D．Seven planets move around Trappist­1. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The group of ... of Aquarius (水瓶座)．(这组七颗行星围绕着一颗名为Tappist­1(特拉普斯特－1)的恒星运行，距离地球39光年，位于水瓶座。)”可知，七颗行星围绕着Trappist­1运行。故选D。 10．Why is this new planetary system amazing? A．The size of the planets is similar to that of the Earth. B．It has the same number of planets as our solar system. C．Scientists have found alien life in the new solar. D．The planets are more suitable for humans to live than the Earth. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is an amazing planetary (行星的) ... to the Earth(这是一个惊人的行星系统——不仅因为我们发现了这么多行星，而且因为它们的大小都与地球惊人的相似)\”可知，新的行星系统令人惊叹的原因是这些行星的大小与地球的大小相似。故选A。 11．What does the underlined word “dimmer” mean? A．Less bright. B．More powerful. C．Stronger. D．Less beautiful. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后两句“If a person were on one of the ... according to The Independent.(如果一个人在七颗行星中的一颗上，一切都会比平常暗很多。 据《独立报》报道，射向我们眼睛的光量比我们从太阳获得的光量少大约200倍。)”可知，Trappist­1的光线比较暗。由此可知，dimmer意为“昏暗的，光线暗淡的”。故选A。 12．What is the main idea of this text? A．Scientists have found a second Earth. B．A new solar system may become home for humans. C．Scientists are planning to explore another planet. D．People will move to another Earth soon. 答案：B　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Scientists from NASA have found a new solar system filled with planets that look like the Earth and could even support life.(美国宇航局的科学家发现了一个新的太阳系，里面充满了看起来像地球的行星，甚至可以支持生命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个新的太阳系可能会成为人类的家园。故选B。 1．surprisingly adv. 惊人地，出人意料地 2．determine v. 查明，确定 1．(be) filled with 装满，充满 2．be worthy of 值得……的 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$