精品解析：2025届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模考试英语试题

虹口区2024学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试 高三英语 试卷 2024.12 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably B．fed C．match D．corresponding E．determine F．hint G．implications H．noticeably I．self-fulfilling J．substantial K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to ____11____ whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to ____12____ the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were ____13____ with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their ____14____ names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was ____15____ a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were ____16____ more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no ____17____ similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) ____18____ prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the ____19____ of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings ______20______ at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are ____21____ producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is ____24____ intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can ____25____ being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____26____ . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____27____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. ____28____ materials makes sense. Being ____29____, most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a _____30_____ production process. The idea is that once _____31_____ reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not _____32_____. Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such _____34_____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. _____35_____ could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 21. A. accepted B. designed C. sold D. stored 22. A. rules B. saves C. heals D. pollutes 23. A. analysis B. availability C. waste D. variety 24. A. green-washing B. cost-cutting C. risk-taking D. trend-setting 25. A. add to B. benefit from C. center around D. invest in 26. A. innovative B. affordable C. profitable D. inefficient 27. A. being defended B. being hurt C. being spread D. being overlooked 28. A. Reusing B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Recharging 29. A. big B. new C. rich D. rare 30. A. full B. primary C. domestic D. circular 31. A. batteries B. factories C. vehicles D. suppliers 32. A. alone B. easy C. safe D. fair 33. A. dynamic B. unsustainable C. inacceptable D. competitive 34. A. gigafactory B. business C. company D. manufacturer 35. A. Exceptions B. Complaints C. Discoveries D. Fortunes Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey, Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 36. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B. wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 37. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 38. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 39. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. (B) Take our latest quiz! ① You’ve just finished a book— do you know what you’ll read next? a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel, I want to spend more time in that world. b)A book that everyone’s talking about. c)No, but I love finding unexpected books. d)No. I like asking for my friends’ recommendations. ② Do you value other people’s opinions when deciding what to read? a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like. b)I love to know what celebrities are reading! c)No. I just let the books do the talking! d)Yes! Friends know which books I’ll enjoy. ③ What do you most look forward to in a new book? a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations. b)Talking about it with my friends. c)Discovering new voices and stories. d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved. ④ Do you like reading lots of books by the same author? a)Yes, once I find an author I like, I’ll read everything they write! b)If they’re a popular author, then yes! c)No, I like to read books by different authors. d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest. ⑤ When you go to a bookshop, where do you head first? a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series. b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers. c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye. d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations. Mostly As: you’ re a SERIES-HOPPER There’s no better feeling than reading something you love... and then discovering it’s part of a series! You’ re always guaranteed to have something new to look forward to, and a familiar world to revisit again. Mostly Bs: you’re a TREND-TRACKER You like to read the books that everyone is talking about. Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming, so ask them for their top tips. Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER ________ Mostly Ds: you’re a ADVICE-SEEKER You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you. If you want to expand your reading experiences, try getting those recommendation from lots of different places. 40. Which of the following best explains what a “sequel” is? A. A story or book that is about imaginary characters. B A book that continues the story of a previous book. C. A book that conveys. relationships between multiple characters. D. A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series. 41. Which of the following description best fits the definition of a “risk-taker”? A. You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of. B. You hope to find the new book of your favourite author. C. You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics. D. You only read those on top of the list of best sellers. 42. What can those who take this quiz learn from the results? A. Why they prefer reading to other activities. B. Which author is probably their favourite. C. Who they should turn to for reading tips. D. What their book-choosing style is. (C) The facts of climate change are widely reported. It is noted that with a 2℃ increase in global temperatures, as compared with a 1.5℃ increase, about 61 million more people living in urban areas around the world will be exposed to severe drought. The problem with communicating these numbers, however, is that math anxiety — the experience of tension, fear or worry when facing mathematical problems — and the inability to understand and employ numerical concepts — are both quite common. Despite high rates of innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication. People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers. But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details. In past research, it was found that people find numbers helpful, so long as there aren’t too many of them. No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many-it depends on the complexity of the topic, people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall numeracy. Communicators therefore need to know and attend to their audience: if a speaker sees someone looking bored, for example, it’s a sign to back off on the numbers. In addition to the possibility of being overloaded by numbers, their persuasive power could have consequences that communicators need to consider. Based on the most recent findings, more negative feelings about the posts containing numeric consequences of climate change are reported. To be clear, this doesn’t reflect math anxiety. Instead, these posts resulted in negative emotions because the numerically precise messages were stronger in conveying the disastrous consequences of climate change. If you can suggest actions that people feel they can carry through, that could set off the negative feelings that arise when they consider climate change’s consequences. So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action. Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations. When used wisely, numbers can help transform anxiety into action, which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change. 43. According to the passage what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change? A. They can arouse people’s anxiety about math. B. They leave the audience even more confused. C. They help make the message more credible. D. They don’t really change how people feel. 44 Which of the following best fits the description of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)? A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter. B. People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar. C. It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers. D. People tend to hold more debates about the topic 45. According to the passage, which of the following is an effective climate message? A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bomb for coastal cities! B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions! C. 50% of species lost: a warning from climate change! D. Plant more trees today, enjoy fresher air tomorrow! 46. What is the best title for this passage? A. Numbers: Origin of tension about climate change. B. Numbers: Reason for high levels of math anxiety. C. Numbers: Cause of boredom in public speaking. D. Numbers: Aid in fighting environmental issues. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Benefits of Talking to Your Dog It’s common for people to chat with their dogs throughout the day— about what each other is doing or how cute or playful the pup is. It’s a gentle reminder of what’s meaningful. “When you talk to your dog, you get a sense that this is why you’ re here— no matter what happens at work or with your finances, your dog still loves you and needs you, and that gives you a sense of purpose,” says Larry Young, an expert on social bonding at Emory University. ____47____ In a 2018 study, researchers found that people are more willing to reveal to their dogs about difficult emotions, such as depression, jealousy, anxiety, and fear, than they are with their romantic partners or friends. The precise reasons for this aren’t known but one possibility is that “pets are good, nonjudgmental listeners because they don’t interrupt or reply,” says study coauthor Daniel Mills, a specialist in human- animal relationships at the University of Lincoln. ____48____ There’s value in simply expressing emotions, especially troublesome ones. Research has found that when people put their emotions into words, their negative feelings become less intense. Another hidden advantage: Your dog isn’t going to engage in a conversation about what’s bothering you, which could keep you thinking about it. ____49____ “Dogs use emotionally controlling strategies,” Mills says. “Their desire to play draws you away from being sad or angry.” Further support for this phenomenon comes from a 2022 study. It was found that by engaging in micro- breaks to pet their pup, the people are able to relax and recover— in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t. ____50____ “They can sense when we’re upset— and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路). A. A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do. B. Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family. C. Dogs are fantastic at reading us. D. Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being. E. Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial. F. They’re more likely to distract you. Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Green is the Paris Olympic Games? The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern. But how did it work? On the plus side, organizers have been serious in their efforts to educe carbon emissions. They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games, reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities. But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing. The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors. That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. For years, the organizers all promised the Games would be “climate positive.” But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. Organizers of the Rio Olympics in 2016 estimated that more than 40% of the carbon emissions came from international spectators. This year, with tickets available on a central platform globally, the number of international visitors was beyond control. For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. It wouldn’t solve everything, but it would make these events more sustainable. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackcts. 52. 你下了那么大功夫，准能在学术竞赛中脱颖而出。（bound）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性，但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来。(transition)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 不少艺人走上街头传播多种艺术形式的同时，也传递正能量，为城市增添了浓厚的人文气息。(atmosphere)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 近年来，许多高校纷纷建立金融实验室，学生们在那里收集和分析数据，从而对数据背后的意义有更深刻的理解。(where)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，在一本英语文化类杂志上读到一则“我家的传统”的征稿通知(内容如下)。你对此很有兴趣，请根据征稿要求写一篇短文。 Call for Submissions: Essays on “A Tradition in My Family” We invite you to share your thoughts on the theme “A Tradition in My Family.” Submission Guidelines: 1. Introduce the most valued family tradition. 2. Explain why this tradition is important for your family. We look forward to your contributions! __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 虹口区2024学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试 高三英语 试卷 2024.12 考生注意： 1．考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Be Stylish While Protecting the Environment Despite the huge numbers of people who care about the environment and love clothes, there is a basic conflict about being green and being fashionable. This is because the fashion industry depends on a constant stream of ever-changing trends, ____1____ means you have to keep consuming. However, buying ____2____ awful lot of things that you don’t need, in this case new clothes, is harmful to the environment. Even so, there are still some measures you can take to achieve ____3____ of the goals. Firstly, rather than base your choice of clothes on ____4____ the fashion industry says you should, choose your own look. If you do this, you’ll look a lot more like an individual, and probably ____5____(genuinely) stylish. It does not require any sense of style ____6____(copy) the looks in fashion magazines but developing your own certainly does. You’ll find that you buy fewer clothes ____7____ they aren’t going in and out of fashion every week, and this helps the environment. Some people think that another way of achieving this is to buy only natural materials, like cotton. But the production of some plant-based materials involves the use of enormous quantities of pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cotton is an especially dirty crop, with methods ____8____(use) in its production which can destroy the local environment. If you want to avoid adding to soil and water pollution in this manner, simply ____9____(choose) organic materials. In the end, what you wear is your choice and no one would suggest that this should not be a free choice. But we hope that, ____10____(read) this, you will be aware of the impact your choices may have on the health of our planet. 【答案】1. which 2. an 3. both##either 4. whatever##what 5. more genuinely 6. to copy 7. because##as##since 8. used 9. choose 10. having read##reading 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lot of意为“大量”。故填an。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：both of意为“两个都”或者either of意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填both或者either。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文more like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填more genuinely。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+to do”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to copy。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methods和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填choose。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably B．fed C．match D．corresponding E．determine F．hint G．implications H．noticeably I．self-fulfilling J．substantial K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to ____11____ whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to ____12____ the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were ____13____ with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their ____14____ names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was ____15____ a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were ____16____ more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no ____17____ similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) ____18____ prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the ____19____ of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings ______20______ at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” 【答案】11. E 12. C 13. K 14. D 15. B 16. H 17. J 18. I 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项新研究，发现人们往往会改变自己的外貌以符合自己的名字。同时研究指出人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我实现的预言，即面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以适应与名字相关的社会期望。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员试图确定父母是基于婴儿的外貌选择婴儿名字，还是个人的面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以符合与他们名字相关的社会刻板印象。空格处为不定式to do形式作目的状语，且空格处为谓语动词，determine意为“确定”，符合句意。故选E项。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空格处与or前的choose为并列成分，且为不定式to do形式，match意为“匹配，符合”，此处表示“符合社会刻板印象”，符合句意。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这项研究中，9至10岁的儿童和成年人被要求将面孔与名字配对。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，task“分配任务”符合句意，be tasked with意为“被分配任务做……”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“参与者们被分配了将面孔与名字配对的任务”。故选K项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究结果显示，儿童和成年人都正确地将成人面孔与相应的名字匹配起来，大大超过了偶然水平。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词names，corresponding为形容词，意为“相应的”符合句意。故选D项。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：在研究的另一部分，一个机器学习系统被输入了一个庞大的人脸图像数据库。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，feed“输入”符合句意，be fed with为固定短语，意为“被输入”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“机器学习系统被输入了庞大的人脸数据库”。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：计算机识别出，同名成人的面部特征明显比不同名成人的面部特征更相似。空格处为副词作状语，修饰形容词similar，noticeably意为“明显地”，此处表示“明显地相似”，符合句意。故选H项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：另一方面，与名字不同的儿童相比，同名儿童之间没有发现实质性的相似性。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词similarity，substantial为形容词，意为“实质性的”，此处表示“实质性的相似性”，符合句意。故选J项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员得出结论，一个人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我应验的预言。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词prediction，self-fulfilling意为“自我实现的，自我应验的”，此处表示“一种自我应验的预言”，符合句意。故选I项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种刻板印象可以通过许多方式形成，例如，因为这个名字与一个著名人物有关，或者由于一个宗教名字的含义。空格处为介词of的宾语，此处implications意为“含义”表示“一个宗教名字的含义”，符合句意。故选G项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：Reichman大学的阿里森商学院Yonat Zwebner博士说：“我们的发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义——社会刻板印象的强大影响力。”空格处为谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，此处hint意为“暗示”表示“发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义”，符合句意。故选F项。 Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Manufacturing is a one-way business. Raw materials go into a factory and finished products come out. Once those goods are ____21____, producers usually wash their hands of them. Certainly they do not worry that most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ of materials. Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling, but much of that is ____24____ intended to improve brand images. Yet even a company’s profits can ____25____ being environmentally friendly. This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh). Every carmaking country wants gigafactories. Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____26____ . But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____27____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards. ____28____ materials makes sense. Being ____29____, most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start. The result is a _____30_____ production process. The idea is that once _____31_____ reach the ends of their lives, they should go back to a factory, where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries. Gigafactories are not yet models of the circular economy, but they are laying the foundations. Northvolt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 to produce 150GWh of batteries — enough to power some 2 million EVs. By then, around half its raw materials should come from recycling old batteries. Northvolt is not _____32_____. Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero. Could other industries do something similar? Fast fashion is widely known as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%. A big part of the reason is the use of mixed fibres, which are hard to recycle. Clothing companies could, like gigafactories, re-engineer their processes to use fibres that are easier to handle. Consumer electronics is another such _____34_____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals. _____35_____ could yet be made in the urban mining of last year’s cellphones and yesterday’s blouses. 21. A. accepted B. designed C. sold D. stored 22. A. rules B. saves C. heals D. pollutes 23. A. analysis B. availability C. waste D. variety 24. A. green-washing B. cost-cutting C. risk-taking D. trend-setting 25. A. add to B. benefit from C. center around D. invest in 26. A. innovative B. affordable C. profitable D. inefficient 27. A. being defended B. being hurt C. being spread D. being overlooked 28. A. Reusing B. Restoring C. Replacing D. Recharging 29. A. big B. new C. rich D. rare 30. A. full B. primary C. domestic D. circular 31. A. batteries B. factories C. vehicles D. suppliers 32. A. alone B. easy C. safe D. fair 33. A. dynamic B. unsustainable C. inacceptable D. competitive 34. A. gigafactory B. business C. company D. manufacturer 35. A. Exceptions B. Complaints C. Discoveries D. Fortunes 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了制造业中的原材料消耗、可持续性、回收以及超级工厂在循环经济中的作用，同时也提到了其他行业（如快时尚和消费电子产业）在可持续性方面面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些商品售出，生产者通常就不再对它们负责。A. accepted接受；B. designed设计；C. sold销售；D. stored储存。根据下文“producers usually wash their hands of them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生产者就不再负责。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们当然不会担心，因为大多数产品最终都会被焚烧或填埋，从而污染地球。A. rules统治、支配；B. saves节省；C. heals治愈；D. pollutes污染。根据空前“most of the products are eventually burnt or buried in landfill,”可推测，产品焚烧或被填埋后会污染地球。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅50年的时间里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了极大的材料浪费。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪费；D. variety多样性。根据上文“In only 50 years, the world’s consumption of raw materials has nearly become four times as big, to more than 100 billion tons, but only less than 9% of this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，这造成了材料的浪费。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工业界确实在谈论可持续性和回收，但其中很多只是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。A. green-washing漂绿的；B. cost-cutting消减成本的；C. risk-taking冒险的；D. trend-setting引领潮流的。根据空前“Industry does talk about sustainability and recycling”以及空后的“to improve brand images”可知，工业界的可持续和回收是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，即便是公司的利润也能从环保中受益。A. add to增加；B. benefit from从……中受益；C. center around以……为中心；D. invest in投资于。根据下文“This is especially so in the case of “gigafactories”, so called because their output of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hours (GWh).”以及“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV, so making them is ____6____ .”可知，公司可以从环保行为中获益。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电池是电动汽车中最昂贵的部件，因此生产电池利润丰厚。A. innovative创新的；B. affordable负担得起的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. inefficient无效的。根据上文“Batteries are the costliest part of an EV,”可推测，生产电池有利可赚。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：供应链既长又复杂，买家面临着因供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下而损害自身声誉的风险。A. being defended正在被防御；B. being hurt正在被伤害；C. being spread正在被传播；D. being overlooked正在被忽视。根据空后“by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可知，因为供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下，买家面临会有损害自身声誉的风险。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，再利用材料显得合情合理。A. Reusing再利用；B. Restoring修复；C. Replacing替换；D. Recharging充电。根据上文“But they contain materials that are pricey and can be hard to obtain. Supply chains are long and complicated, and buyers risk their reputation ____7____ by their suppliers’ poor environmental and labour standards.”可推测，由于电池所含的材料价格昂贵且难以获取等原因，再回收利用电池就很合理。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为新兴事物，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。A. big大的；B. new新的；C. rich丰富的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Every carmaking country wants gigafactories.”以及常理可知，超级工厂是新兴事物。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是形成了一个循环生产过程。A. full满的；B. primary主要的；C. domestic国内的；D. circular循环的。根据上文“Being ____9____ , most gigafactories are designed with recycling in mind from the start.”可知，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。由此可知，这就形成了一个循环生产过程。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个理念是，一旦电池寿命终结，它们就应该被送回工厂，在那里回收其组件并用于制造新电池。A. batteries电池；B. factories工厂；C. vehicles车辆；D. suppliers供应商。根据下文的“where their components can be recovered and put into new batteries”中的“batteries”可知，电池寿命终结后就被送回工厂，用于制造新电池。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Northvolt并非孤例。A. alone独自的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“Using renewable power and other measures, CATL — the world’s biggest producer of EV batteries — thinks it should eventually be possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a battery towards zero.”可知，全球最大的电动汽车电池生产商宁德时代（CATL）也利用再生能源和采取其他措施。由此可知，Northvolt并非孤例。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快时尚产业众所周知是不可持续的。A. dynamic有活力的；B. unsustainable不可持续的；C. inacceptable不可接受的；D. competitive有竞争力的。根据下文“It is estimated that the recycling rate for little-worn clothing and footwear is just 13%.”可知，快时尚产业的回收率很低，由此可知，快时尚产业不可持续。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业，尽管其中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。A. gigafactory超级工厂；B. business商业、行业；C. company公司；D. manufacturer制造商。根据空后“that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，空处指的是消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿，仍然有可能获得巨大的财富。A. Exceptions例外；B. Complaints抱怨；C. Discoveries发现；D. Fortunes财富。根据上文“Consumer electronics is another such ____14____ that creates piles of waste, despite the fact that electronic circuits containing precious materials such as gold and silver, and electric motors being made from rare earth metals.”可知，电子产品中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。由此可知，从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿可以获得财富。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 1One afternoon a few months before Tom and I were to be married, Max wandered into the dining room of the house we all shared. I was sorting through a box of old photographs. 2“Who’s that?” he asked. 3“That was my grandfather, the one who died a few months ago.” 4“Hmm. Too bad he had to die.” 5Just as I was about to put the last of the pictures in the box, Max pressed his finger to a face. “And who will this be to me?” 6Beneath his finger I could see the edges of my own face. I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. 7I should have known how to say just the right, wise, magical thing. But I didn’t. “I’ll be your second mom,” I said. 8“Oh.” 9“I’m sorry that your first mom died. I liked her.” 10“What should I call you?” he asked. 11My heart pounded, and my stomach turned over. Mama, I wanted to cry. I’ll be your mama and you’ll be my son. I resisted. “You can call me Mom, or Mama. You can also call me Betsy, if you’d rather. Whatever feels okay for you.” 12He stood there a minute. “What’s for dinner?” he asked. 13“Burgers.” 14“Swect,” he said as he walked out of the room. 15At our wedding a few months later, Tom and I said our vows (誓言) to one another. Then Max was invited to stand beside us and I made vows to him. I promised to step into the shoes his mother had been forced to leave behind, to help him remember her, and to be the best mother I could be. 16After the wedding, for the next few days, Max tried out a new title for me. “Can we go bowling?” he’d ask, and then follow the question by mouthing the word mom. Or, “Can we go to the store?” And the mouthed word, mom. Mom was always silent. It seemed he was trying it on, seeing how it felt in his mouth. 17Weeks later as I drove him home from school, Max suddenly said, “I notice I don’t call you Mom.” 18Oof. Who threw that rock at my chest? I breathed to calm my voice. “I noticed that.” 19“When I say Betsy, I mean Mom.” 20“Thanks,” I said. “That’s nice to know.” 21He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” 22I willed tears away, not wanting to overwhelm him. He had enough to carry. “Thanks, Bud. I appreciate you telling me.” 23“Hey, Betsy?” 24“Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. 25“What’s for dinner?” he asked. 36. When Betty said “I’ll be your second mom,” (paragraph 7), she ______. A. thought her role was significant to Max B. wished Max could let go of the sad memories C. was looking forward to becoming Max’s mother D. suggested that she was legally responsible for Max 37. According to Max, why did he call Betsy “Betsy” instead of Mom? A. He wants to tell Betsy she is his best friend. B. He still feels shy to address Betsy as Mom. C. He doesn’t want to forget his dead mother. D. He hopes Betsy could always be with him. 38. How does Betsy most probably feel when Max mentions dinner at the end of the passage? A. Confused about Max’s favourite food. B. Happy to lead a regular family life. C. Relieved to have a simple conversation. D. Annoyed with Max’s constant questioning. 39. Why does the author develop the passage with short dialogues? A. To reveal the tension between Max and Betsy. B. To show that Max is avoiding deep conversations. C. To help express the two speakers’ emotions directly. D. To make the passage shorter and easier to understand. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Betty在与Tom结婚前，对融入Tom的儿子Max的生活充满期待，想成为他的“第二位母亲”。婚后Max尝试称呼Betty为“Mom”，但最终还是称她“Betsy”，因为他希望Betty能一直陪伴自己。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“I was suddenly flooded with a joy which I had no name. This son of the man I loved was becoming my son. We’d have family Christmas cards and school art stuck to the fridge. All these things I’d never allowed myself to want. Now I was becoming a mother. (我突然感到一种无法名状的喜悦。我爱的人的儿子正在成为我的儿子。我们会把家庭圣诞卡和学校的艺术品贴在冰箱上。所有这些我从未允许自己想要的东西。现在我要做母亲了)”可知，Betty意识到自己正在成为一个母亲，她非常喜悦，对未来美好的家庭生活充满向往。由此可知，在说这句话时，她期待着成为Max的母亲。故选C项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二十一段“He looked out the window. “Moms die, you know. I think it’s maybe safer if you’re just Betsy.” (他向窗外望去。“妈妈会死的，你知道的。我觉得你还是叫Betsy比较安全。”)”可知，Max经历了母亲的离世，对于称呼Betsy为“Mom (妈妈)”存在一定的心理障碍，很害怕再次经历失去母亲的痛苦。因此，他用“Betsy”这个称呼，是希望Betsy能够一直陪伴着他，而不是像母亲这个身份一样可能会突然消失。故选D项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后三段““Hey, Betsy?” (“嘿，Betsy？”)”、““Yeah,” I said, delighted with the new sound of my old name. (“嗯，”我说，为自己旧名字的新发音感到高兴)”和““What’s for dinner?” he asked. (“晚饭吃什么？”他问)”可知，Max正在和Betsy以新的方式相处，把她当作自己的亲人，询问晚餐的问题虽然简单，但这是日常家庭生活的常态。这表明Betty在过正常的家庭生活，成为Max生活中的一部分，她很可能感到幸福。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过简短的对话形式，直接展现了Betty和Max之间的情感交流。这种对话形式让读者能够直观地感受到两人的情感变化，尤其是Betty的内心波动和Max的微妙反应。故选C项。 (B) Take our latest quiz! ① You’ve just finished a book— do you know what you’ll read next? a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel I want to spend more time in that world. b)A book that everyone’s talking about. c)No, but I love finding unexpected books. d)No. I like asking for my friends’ recommendations. ② Do you value other people’s opinions when deciding what to read? a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like. b)I love to know what celebrities are reading! c)No. I just let the books do the talking! d)Yes! Friends know which books I’ll enjoy. ③ What do you most look forward to in a new book? a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations. b)Talking about it with my friends. c)Discovering new voices and stories. d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved. ④ Do you like reading lots of books by the same author? a)Yes, once I find an author I like, I’ll read everything they write! b)If they’re a popular author, then yes! c)No, I like to read books by different authors. d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest. ⑤ When you go to a bookshop, where do you head first? a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series. b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers. c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye. d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations. Mostly As: you’ re a SERIES-HOPPER There’s no better feeling than reading something you love... and then discovering it’s part of a series! You’ re always guaranteed to have something new to look forward to, and a familiar world to revisit again. Mostly Bs: you’re a TREND-TRACKER You like to read the books that everyone is talking about. Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming, so ask them for their top tips. Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER ________ Mostly Ds: you’re a ADVICE-SEEKER You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you. If you want to expand your reading experiences, try getting those recommendation from lots of different places. 40. Which of the following best explains what a “sequel” is? A. A story or book that is about imaginary characters. B. A book that continues the story of a previous book. C. A book that conveys. relationships between multiple characters. D. A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series. 41. Which of the following description best fits the definition of a “risk-taker”? A. You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of. B. You hope to find the new book of your favourite author. C. You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics. D. You only read those on top of the list of best sellers. 42. What can those who take this quiz learn from the results? A. Why they prefer reading to other activities. B. Which author is probably their favourite. C. Who they should turn to for reading tips. D. What their book-choosing style is. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。这是一篇问卷调查以及根据回答给出了四种不同的阅读者类型。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据①小问“You’ve just finished a book — do you know what you’ll read next?(你刚读完一本书，你知道接下来要读什么吗？)”以及后文“I want to spend more time in that world.(我想花更多的时间在那个世界)”可知，读完后还想继续花更多的时间在那个世界，所以应是读那本书的续集，也就是继续前一本书的故事的书。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER”可知，作为RISK-TAKER类的阅读者，答案大部分是C，第一题的C项“No, but I love finding unexpected books.(没有，但我喜欢发现意想不到的书)”，第二题的C项“No. I just let the books do the talking!(没有。我只是让书来说话)”，第三题的C项“Discovering new voices and stories.(发现新的声音和故事)”，第四题的C项“No, I like to read books by different authors.(不，我喜欢读不同作者的书)”以及第五题的C项“I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye.(我喜欢绕着整个商店走一圈，看看有什么吸引我的眼球)”可知，RISK-TAKER喜欢发现意想不到的书，发现新的声音和故事，喜欢读不同作者的书，由此推断RISK-TAKER是很乐意学习一些你从未听说过的东西。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后给出了四种不同的阅读者类型及其描述，这个测试的目的就是帮助读者了解自己的选书风格。通过回答测试中的问题，读者可以了解自己的阅读偏好和习惯，从而更好地选择适合自己的书籍。故选D项。 (C) The facts of climate change are widely reported. It is noted that with a 2℃ increase in global temperatures, as compared with a 1.5℃ increase, about 61 million more people living in urban areas around the world will be exposed to severe drought. The problem with communicating these numbers, however, is that math anxiety — the experience of tension, fear or worry when facing mathematical problems — and the inability to understand and employ numerical concepts — are both quite common. Despite high rates of innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication. People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers. But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details. In past research, it was found that people find numbers helpful, so long as there aren’t too many of them. No hard-and-fast rule suggests how many is too many-it depends on the complexity of the topic, people’s familiarity with the subject and their overall numeracy. Communicators therefore need to know and attend to their audience: if a speaker sees someone looking bored, for example, it’s a sign to back off on the numbers. In addition to the possibility of being overloaded by numbers, their persuasive power could have consequences that communicators need to consider. Based on the most recent findings, more negative feelings about the posts containing numeric consequences of climate change are reported. To be clear, this doesn’t reflect math anxiety. Instead, these posts resulted in negative emotions because the numerically precise messages were stronger in conveying the disastrous consequences of climate change. If you can suggest actions that people feel they can carry through, that could set off the negative feelings that arise when they consider climate change’s consequences. So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action. Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations. When used wisely, numbers can help transform anxiety into action, which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change. 43. According to the passage, what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change? A. They can arouse people’s anxiety about math. B. They leave the audience even more confused. C. They help make the message more credible. D. They don’t really change how people feel. 44. Which of the following best fits the description of “trade-offs” (paragraph 4)? A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter. B People find the subject being talked about unfamiliar. C. It takes time to confirm the precision of all numbers. D. People tend to hold more debates about the topic 45. According to the passage, which of the following is an effective climate message? A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bomb for coastal cities! B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions! C 50% of species lost: a warning from climate change! D. Plant more trees today, enjoy fresher air tomorrow! 46. What is the best title for this passage? A. Numbers: Origin of tension about climate change. B Numbers: Reason for high levels of math anxiety. C. Numbers: Cause of boredom in public speaking. D. Numbers: Aid in fighting environmental issues. 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数字在气候变化传播中的作用，包括其增强信息可信度的优点以及可能引发的焦虑等缺点，并给出了如何有效使用数字进行气候传播的建议。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers.(当交流中包含数字时，人们也更信任医疗专业人员或记者提供的信息，而不是不包含数字的信息。特定数字的使用向读者传达了专业知识)”可知，人们更信任包含数字的信息。由此推知，当数字被用来阐述气候变化时，它们可以让信息显得更加可靠。故选C项。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But trade-offs exist. Given people’s anxiety about math and level of mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when communicating these kinds of details.(但存在trade-offs。考虑到人们对数学的焦虑和数学能力水平，在传达这类细节时存在一个上限)”可知，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，会导致存在理解上的困难或限制。trade-offs指的就是在使用数字进行传播时，由于人们的数学焦虑和数学能力水平，数字会在理解问题上造成了困难。故选A项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action.(因此，无论你是一位希望在社交媒体上更有效地进行交流的环保主义者，还是正在寻找在餐桌上说服家人的策略，这里都有一些经验教训。找到关键的数字数据并分享它。从战略角度考虑数据呈现方式。在谈论气候变化时，提出一些行动建议)”可知，有效的气候信息应该包含关键的数字数据和具体的行动建议。B项“Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions!(每天骑行5英里，减少50%的碳排放!)”给出关键的数字数据，且提出了具体的行动建议，符合有效气候信息的标准。故选B项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段“Despite high rates of innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication. People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers.(尽管数学盲的比例很高，但有理由认为，人们在收到数字时可能不会放松。首先，过去的多项研究表明，人们通常更喜欢获得数字细节，而不是模糊的描述或纯粹的口头交流。当交流中包含数字时，人们也更信任医学专业人员或记者提供的信息，而不是不包含数字的信息。使用特定数字向读者表明专业知识)”和最后一段“So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action. Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations. When used wisely, numbers can help transform anxiety into action, which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change.(因此，无论你是一位希望在社交媒体上更有效地进行沟通的环保主义者，还是在寻找在餐桌上说服家人的策略，这里都有一些经验教训。找到关键的数字数据并分享它。从战略角度考虑数据呈现方式。在谈论气候变化时，加入一些提议的行动。鉴于过去的研究表明分享数字可以建立信任，你的读者或听众可能更有可能听从你的建议。如果明智地使用，数字可以帮助将焦虑转化为行动，这可能有助于在我们应对气候变化的斗争中扭转局势)”可知，文章整体围绕在应对环境问题(尤其是气候变化)中数字所起到的作用展开论述，既提到了使用数字传达信息的相关情况及利弊，又给出了利用数字助力应对气候变化的建议，重点突出数字在对抗环境问题方面的作用。D项“Numbers: Aid in fighting environmental issues(数字：助力解决环境问题)”准确概括了文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选D项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Benefits of Talking to Your Dog It’s common for people to chat with their dogs throughout the day— about what each other is doing or how cute or playful the pup is. It’s a gentle reminder of what’s meaningful. “When you talk to your dog, you get a sense that this is why you’ re here— no matter what happens at work or with your finances, your dog still loves you and needs you, and that gives you a sense of purpose,” says Larry Young, an expert on social bonding at Emory University. ____47____ In a 2018 study, researchers found that people are more willing to reveal to their dogs about difficult emotions, such as depression, jealousy, anxiety, and fear, than they are with their romantic partners or friends. The precise reasons for this aren’t known but one possibility is that “pets are good, nonjudgmental listeners because they don’t interrupt or reply,” says study coauthor Daniel Mills, a specialist in human- animal relationships at the University of Lincoln. ____48____ There’s value in simply expressing emotions, especially troublesome ones. Research has found that when people put their emotions into words, their negative feelings become less intense. Another hidden advantage: Your dog isn’t going to engage in a conversation about what’s bothering you, which could keep you thinking about it. ____49____ “Dogs use emotionally controlling strategies,” Mills says. “Their desire to play draws you away from being sad or angry.” Further support for this phenomenon comes from a 2022 study. It was found that by engaging in micro- breaks to pet their pup, the people are able to relax and recover— in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t. ____50____ “They can sense when we’re upset— and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路). A. A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do. B. Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family. C. Dogs are fantastic at reading us. D. Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being. E. Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial. F. They’re more likely to distract you. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了与狗狗交谈的好处，包括给人带来情感上的安慰、成为倾诉困难情绪的对象、通过表达情感减轻负面感受、避免过度沉溺于烦恼以及通过与狗狗的互动实现放松和恢复等。 【47题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“In a 2018 study, researchers found that people are more willing to reveal to their dogs about difficult emotions, such as depression, jealousy, anxiety, and fear, than they are with their romantic partners or friends.(在2018年的一项研究中，研究人员发现，与与恋人或朋友相处相比，人们更愿意向他们的狗透露困难的情绪，如抑郁、嫉妒、焦虑和恐惧)”以及下文“There’s value in simply expressing emotions, especially troublesome ones. Research has found that when people put their emotions into words, their negative feelings become less intense.(简单地表达情感是有价值的，尤其是那些令人烦恼的情感。研究发现，当人们把自己的情绪用语言表达出来时，他们的负面情绪就会变得不那么强烈)”可知，本段主要讲述了人们更愿意向他们的狗透露困难的情绪，当人们把自己的情绪用语言表达出来时，他们的负面情绪就会变得不那么强烈，所以E项“Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial.(和你的狗谈论情感上令人沮丧的问题可能特别有益)”符合此处主题。故选E项。 48题详解】 根据前文“The precise reasons for this aren’t known but one possibility is that “pets are good, nonjudgmental listeners because they don’t interrupt or reply,” says study coauthor Daniel Mills, a specialist in human- animal relationships at the University of Lincoln.(其中的确切原因尚不清楚，但一种可能性是“宠物是很好的、不加评判的倾听者，因为它们不会打断或回答，”该研究的合著者、林肯大学（University of Lincoln）人兽关系专家丹尼尔·米尔斯（Daniel Mills）说)”可知，宠物是很好的、不加评判的倾听者，因为它们不会打断或回答，所以A项“A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do.(狗不会像有些人那样试图解决问题)”是对前文的解释，符合此处主题。故选A项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“Another hidden advantage: Your dog isn’t going to engage in a conversation about what’s bothering you, which could keep you thinking about it.(另一个隐藏的好处是：你的狗不会和你谈论困扰你的事情，这会让你一直在想它)”以及后文““Dogs use emotionally controlling strategies,” Mills says. “Their desire to play draws you away from being sad or angry.”(“狗使用情绪控制策略，”米尔斯说。“他们对游戏的渴望会让你远离悲伤或愤怒。”)”可知，本段讲述和狗说话的另一个好处，狗不会和你谈论困扰你的事情，这会让你一直在想它，后文讲述会让你远离悲伤或愤怒，所以F项“They’re more likely to distract you.(他们更有可能分散你的注意力)”承接上文，引出下文，符合本段主题。故选F项。 【50题详解】 设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文““They can sense when we’re upset — and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路).(科根说：“它们能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们。”而且“因为我们知道我们的狗很懂我们，所以我们会控制自己，不让我们的狗感到不安，这对我们也有帮助。”这是一个正反馈循环)”可知，本段讲述狗能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们，所以C项“Dogs are fantastic at reading us.(狗很擅长读懂我们)”符合本段主题。故选C项。 Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How Green is the Paris Olympic Games? The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern. But how did it work? On the plus side, organizers have been serious in their efforts to educe carbon emissions. They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games, reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities. But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing. The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village’s floors. That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. For years, the organizers all promised the Games would be “climate positive.” But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. Organizers of the Rio Olympics in 2016 estimated that more than 40% of the carbon emissions came from international spectators. This year, with tickets available on a central platform globally, the number of international visitors was beyond control. For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. It wouldn’t solve everything, but it would make these events more sustainable. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Paris Olympic Games fell short of its sustainability goals. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions faced setbacks, including pollution in the Seine, the need for temporary air-conditioning units in the Olympic Village and the uncontrolled number of international visitors. Scaling down future Games for greater sustainability might be a possible solution. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，巴黎奥运会未能实现其可持续发展目标。减少碳排放的努力遇到了挫折，包括塞纳河的污染、奥运村对临时空调设备的需求以及无法控制的国际游客数量。缩小未来奥运会的规模以获得更大的可持续性可能是一种解决方案。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①But, the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing. ②But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river, French authorities have achieved inconsistent results: Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants. ③Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air-conditioning in the Olympic Village, installing some 2,500 temporary air-conditioning units. ④But, whatever efforts were taken, none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city. ⑤For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games, some of which have been considerable, the scale of future Games must be rethought. ⑥Jules Boykoff, who has written extensively about the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need to reduce their size”. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4和5、6几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The Paris Olympics failed to meet its sustainable development goals. Efforts to reduce carbon emissions have run into setbacks, including pollution of the Seine River, the need for temporary air conditioning units in the Olympic village and uncontrollable numbers of international visitors. Downsizing future Olympics for greater sustainability could be one solution. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Efforts to reduce carbon emissions faced setbacks, including pollution in the Seine, the need for temporary air-conditioning units in the Olympic Village and the uncontrolled number of international visitors.对原文二、三、四段进行了概括，运用了不定式作名词Efforts的后置定语。 [高分句型2] Scaling down future Games for greater sustainability might be a possible solution. 对原文最后一段进行了概括，运用了动名词作主语。 Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackcts. 52. 你下了那么大功夫，准能在学术竞赛中脱颖而出。（bound）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You’ve put in so much effort that you’re bound to stand out in the academic competition. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词以及固定句型。表示“你”用you，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“如此……以致……”用固定句型so... that...。表示“下了那么大功夫”用动词短语put in so much effort，此处表示动作已经完成或对现在产生很大影响，时态用现在完成时。that引导的结果状语从句中：用you作主语，表示“准能做某事”用be bound to do sth.，主语为you， be动词用are，形容词bound“一定会”作表语；表示“脱颖而出”用stand out，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形；表示“在这个学术竞赛中”用in the academic competition。故答案为：You’ve put in so much effort that you’re bound to stand out in the academic competition.。 53. 从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性，但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来。(transition)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging, but patience will make the process go smoothly. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，表示“从旧环境过渡到新环境可能很有挑战性”应用transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging，为主系表结构，其中transitioning from an old environment to a new one (从旧环境过渡到新环境) 为动名词短语作主语，challenging (有挑战性的) 为形容词作表语；表示“但耐心会让这个过程变得顺利起来”应用but patience will make the process go smoothly，时态用一般将来时表将来情况，其中go smoothly (变得顺利起来)，在本句中作宾补。故翻译为Transitioning from an old environment to a new one can be quite challenging, but patience will make the process go smoothly. 54. 不少艺人走上街头传播多种艺术形式的同时，也传递正能量，为城市增添了浓厚的人文气息。(atmosphere)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many artists went onto the streets to spread various art forms and convey positive energy, adding a rich cultural atmosphere to the city. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。根据所给中文句子，“不少艺人”作主语，译为“many artists”，“走上街头”可用短语：go onto the streets，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“传播多种艺术形式的同时，也传递正能量”，表目的，用不定式作目的状语，译为“to spread various art forms and convey positive energy”，“为城市增添了浓厚的人文气息”为结果状语，“增添”用动词add，和逻辑主语前文提到的事之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，“浓厚的人文气息”根据题干要求用atmosphere，译为“a rich cultural atmosphere”，add…to…意思为：将……添加到……中。故译为Many artists went onto the streets to spread various art forms and convey positive energy, adding a rich cultural atmosphere to the city. 55. 近年来，许多高校纷纷建立金融实验室，学生们在那里收集和分析数据，从而对数据背后的意义有更深刻的理解。(where)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, many universities have established financial laboratories, where students collect and analyze data, deepening their understanding of the significance behind the data. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态，定语从句和非谓语动词。“近年来”译为“in recent years”，“许多高校”作主语，译为“many universities”，“纷纷建立”用动词establish，根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，译为“have established”，“金融实验室”作宾语，译为“financial laboratories”，“学生们在那里收集和分析数据”用非限制性定语从句，修饰financial laboratories，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，译为“where students collect and analyze data”，“加深……的理解”用deepen their understanding of，和逻辑主语students之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，“数据背后的意义”译为“the significance behind the data”。故译为In recent years, many universities have established financial laboratories, where students collect and analyze data, deepening their understanding of the significance behind the data. Ⅴ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，在一本英语文化类杂志上读到一则“我家的传统”的征稿通知(内容如下)。你对此很有兴趣，请根据征稿要求写一篇短文。 Call for Submissions: Essays on “A Tradition in My Family” We invite you to share your thoughts on the theme “A Tradition in My Family.” Submission Guidelines: 1. Introduce the most valued family tradition. 2. Explain why this tradition is important for your family. We look forward to your contributions! __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Tradition in My Family In my family, celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival is the most valued tradition. This festival, held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, brings our entire family together. We gather under the full moon to enjoy mooncakes and appreciate the beauty of the night sky. This tradition is important to my family for several reasons. Firstly, it provides a rare opportunity for all family members, regardless of where they are, to reunite and spend quality time together. In today’s fast-paced world, it’s often challenging to find time for family, making these moments even more precious. Moreover, the Mid-Autumn Festival allows us to honor our ancestors and reflect on our family roots and heritage. It fosters a sense of belonging and continuity, connecting us to our past while shaping our future. This cherished tradition strengthens our family bonds and preserves our cultural identity for generations to come. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“我家的传统”为题给一本英语文化类杂志投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 整个的：entire→whole 欣赏：appreciate→admire 重要的：important→significant 提供：provide→offer 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This festival, held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, brings our entire family together. 拓展句：This festival, which is held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, brings our entire family together. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Firstly, it provides a rare opportunity for all family members, regardless of where they are, to reunite and spend quality time together.(where引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2]In today’s fast-paced world, it’s often challenging to find time for family, making these moments even more precious.(现在分词作结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$