内容正文:
第06讲三大特殊句式--精讲(倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气)
1、 精讲倒装句
1、倒装句的定义和分类
(1)定义
倒装句是一种语法结构,它将正常的句子语序(主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分)进行了颠倒。这种颠倒主要是为了强调某些成分、保持句子平衡或者满足特定的语法规则。
(2)分类
完全倒装:将整个谓语动词(包括助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前。例如:“Here comes the bus.”(正常语序是 The bus comes here.)。
部分倒装:只将助动词、情态动词或 be 动词放在主语之前,而实义动词仍然在主语之后。例如:“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”(正常语序是 I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.)
2、完全倒装的常见情况
(1)表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时
常见的方位副词有 here, there, up, down, in, out, away 等。当它们位于句首时,
句子要完全倒装。
例句:Here comes the teacher.(老师来了。)
注意:主语是名词 “the teacher”,如果主语是代词,则不用完全倒装,
如 Here you are.
Out rushed the children.(孩子们冲了出去。)
(2) 以介词短语开头的句子,
如 “On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.”(墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。)
“In front of the classroom stands a big tree.”(教室前面有一棵大树。)
(3)表示时间的副词(如 now, then 等)放在句首时
例句:Now comes your turn.(现在轮到你了。)
Then came the moment we had been waiting for.(我们一直等待的时刻到来了。)
3、部分倒装的常见情况
(1)否定副词或含有否定意义的短语位于句首时
常见的否定副词有 never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely 等,
含有否定意义的短语有 not until, by no means, in no way, on no account 等。
例句:
Never have I heard such a strange story.(我从来没听过这么奇怪的故事。)
Seldom does he go to the cinema.(他很少去看电影。)
Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.(直到他妈妈回来他才上床睡觉。)
(2)only + 状语(副词、介词短语或从句)位于句首时
例句:Only in this way can you solve the problem.(只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。)
Only when you have tried it yourself can you know its difficulty.
(只有你自己试过了,你才能知道它的难度。)
(3)so /neither/nor 位于句首,表示 “也” 或 “也不” 时
例句:He can speak English, so can I.(他会说英语,我也会。)
He didn't come to the party, neither /nor did I.(他没来参加聚会,我也没去。)
4、倒装句的注意事项
1、主谓一致问题
在完全倒装句中,谓语动词的单复数要根据后面的主语来确定。例如:“There are many books on the shelf.”(书架上有很多书。)主语是 “many books”,所以谓语动词用 are。
2、时态问题
倒装句的时态要根据句子的实际语境和表达意图来确定。部分倒装句中的助动词、情态动词的时态要和原句的时态相匹配。
例如:“Hardly had he finished his homework when his mother called him.”(他刚做完作业,他妈妈就叫他。)原句是过去完成时和一般过去时结合,倒装后助动词 “had” 的时态不变。
二、精讲强调句
(一)强调句型的基本结构
1、强调句型的基本结构是:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分。
此结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。
例如:原句:I met Mary in the park yesterday.(我昨天在公园遇见了玛丽。)
强调主语:It was I that/who met Mary in the park yesterday.
强调宾语:It was Mary that I met in the park yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was in the park that I met Mary yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Mary in the park.
特别提醒:当被强调部分是人时,可用 that 或 who;
当被强调部分是物或其他成分时,只能用 that。
2、强调句型的一般疑问句形式
一般疑问句形式是:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分?
例如:Was it you that/who saw him in the street last night?(昨晚是你在街上看见他的吗?)
3、强调句型的特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问句形式是:特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that + 句子其他部分?
例如:When was it that you got to know her?(你是何时认识她的?)
4、not...until... 结构的强调句型
基本结构是:It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其他部分。
例如:原句:He didn't leave until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才离开。)
强调后的句子:It was not until his mother came back that he left.
(二)强调句型的判断方法
把 “It is/was...that/who...” 结构去掉后,句子在结构和意义上仍然完整。
这是判断一个句子是否是强调句型的重要方法。
例如:It was in 1998 that he went to college. 去掉强调结构后,句子变为 He went to college in 1998. 句子结构和意义完整,所以是强调句型。
(三)强调句型与其他从句的区别
1、强调句型与定语从句的区别:定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定,而强调句型是对句子某一成分进行强调。例如:It was the book that I bought yesterday.(强调句型);
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(定语从句)
2、调句型与主语从句的区别:主语从句在句子中充当主语,而强调句型中的被强调部分可以是多种成分。
例如:What he said is important.(主语从句);
It was what he said that made me angry.(强调句型)
3、强调谓语动词的方法
强调谓语动词时,要用助动词 do/does/did + 动词原形。
这种强调只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
例如:He does like English.(他确实喜欢英语。);She did come early.(她来得确实早。)
三、精讲虚拟语气
1、虚拟语气的定义和用途
(1)定义
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
(2)用途
例如,在表达与事实不符的假设情况时,“如果我是你,我就会努力学习。”(实际上我不是你);或者在表达愿望时,“我希望我能飞。”(实际上人不能飞)。
2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
结构:从句(If + 主语 + 过去式(be 动词用 were)),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might+ 动词原形)。
例句:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力地学习。)这里 “我” 实际上不是 “你”,从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,在从句中,不管主语是第几人称,be 动词都用 were;
主句则用 “would + 动词原形” 来表示在这种假设情况下会采取的行动。
(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
结构:从句(If + 主语 + had + 过去分词),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词)。
例句:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他就能通过考试了。)实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试,从句用 “had + 过去分词” 表示与过去事实相反的条件,主句用 “would + have + 过去分词” 表示过去本来会发生但实际没发生的结果。
(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(可能性较小)
结构:从句(If + 主语 + 过去式 /should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形)。
例句:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)说话人认为明天不太可能下雨,只是一种假设情况。或者 If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(万一他明天来这儿,我会告诉他这个消息。)以及 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.(要是我来做这件事,我会用不同的方式。)
3、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
wish 后的宾语从句
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句用过去式(be 动词用 were)。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(我希望我是一只鸟。)
(2) 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用 “had + 过去分词”。
例如:I wish I had seen the movie last night.(我希望我昨晚看了那部电影。)
(3) 表示对将来的愿望,从句用 “would/could + 动词原形”。
例如:I wish it would stop raining tomorrow.(我希望明天雨能停。)
4、表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句
特别提醒: advise, suggest, demand, require, request, order 等动词,
从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:The doctor advised that he (should) take a rest.医生建议他休息一下。
5、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
(1)It is + 形容词(important, necessary, strange 等)+ that 从句
从句中要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:It is necessary that we (should) wear school uniforms.我们有必要穿校服。
6、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
(1)在表示建议、要求、命令等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中
特别提醒: advice, suggestion, demand, requirement 等名词,
从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting.
(我的建议是我们应该开个会。)这是表语从句;
The requirement that students (should) arrive on time is very strict.
(学生应该准时到达的要求很严格。)这是同位语从句。
四、虚拟语气的重点、考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气重点考点
(1)错综时间虚拟条件句
重点:这是一种特殊的虚拟条件句,从句和主句所指的时间不一致。
考点:考生需要根据句子所表达的实际时间来正确选择从句和主句的虚拟语气形式。
例如:If you had studied harder in the past few years, you would be a college student now.
(从句是与过去事实相反,用 had + 过去分词;
主句是与现在事实相反,用 would + 动词原形)。
2、省略 if 的虚拟条件句
重点:当 if 引导的虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时,可以把 if 省略,把这些词提前,构成倒装结构。
考点:识别这种倒装结构并理解其表达的虚拟含义。
例如:Were I you(= If I were you), I would not do that. Had he known the news
(= If he had known the news), he would have come earlier.
3、含蓄虚拟条件句
重点:句子中没有明显的 if 引导的条件句,但通过一些词或短语(如 without, but for, otherwise 等)来暗示虚拟条件。
考点:能够根据这些暗示词判断虚拟语气的类型并正确使用形式。
例如:Without your help, I couldn't have passed the exam.
(这句话相当于 If it hadn't been for your help,
I couldn't have passed the exam. 与过去事实相反)。
五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气重点考点
1、wish 后的宾语从句
重点:根据不同的愿望时间(现在、过去、将来)来准确使用虚拟语气形式。
考点:判断 wish 所表达的愿望与实际时间的关系,选择正确的从句动词形式。
如在高考中 I wish I______(see) the film last night.(答案是 had seen,因为是与过去事实相反)。
2、表示建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句
重点:记住像 suggest, advise, demand, require 等表示建议、要求、命令的动词,
其后的宾语从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 结构,并且 should 可以省略。
考点:识别这些动词并正确使用虚拟语气。
例如:The teacher demanded that the students (should) hand in their homework on time.
六、主语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气重点考点
1、It is + 形容词 / 名词 + that 从句 (主语从句)和表示建议等名词后的同位语从句
重点:对于一些特定的形容词(如 necessary, important, strange 等)和名词(如 suggestion, advice, demand 等),其从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 结构。
考点:判断从句是否是在这种特定的主语从句或同位语从句结构中,从而正确使用虚拟语气。
例如:It's strange that he (should) have said such a thing.(主语从句)以及 The order that all the soldiers (should) stay where they are is very important.(同位语从句)。
七、高中英语虚拟语气的典型例题
1、条件句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:If I ______ you, I ______ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
0. A. was; shall pay
0. B. am; will pay
0. C. would be; would pay
0. D. were; would pay
答案:D 解析:这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。在虚拟语气中,当表示与现在事实相反的假设时,从句用 “If + 主语 + 过去式(be 动词用 were)”,主句用 “主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。这里 “我” 不可能是 “你”,是与现在事实相反的情况,所以从句用 were,主句用 would pay。
例题 2:If he ______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
0. A. followed
0. B. should follow
0. C. had followed
0. D. would follow
答案:C 解析:句子表达的是与过去事实相反的情况。“他失去了工作” 是已经发生的事实,假设他听了我的建议(实际上没听),就不会失去工作。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句从句用 “had + 过去分词”,所以选 C。
例题 3:______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
0. A. Were
0. B. Should
0. C. Would
0. D. Will
答案:B 解析:这是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,并且省略了 if,将 should 提前构成倒装。完整的句子是 If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 所以答案是 B。
2、宾语从句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:I wish I ______ you yesterday.
0. A. seen
0. B. did see
0. C. had seen
0. D. were to see
答案:C 解析:wish 后的宾语从句,表示与过去事实相反的愿望,要用 “had + 过去分词” 的形式。句子意思是 “我希望我昨天见到你了”,但实际上没见到,所以选 C。
例题 2:The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
0. A. wouldn't
0. B. couldn't
0. C. needn't
0. D. shouldn't
答案:D 解析:recommend 表示 “建议”,其后的宾语从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,这里是表示否定建议,所以用 shouldn't,答案是 D。
3、主语从句和同位语从句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.
0. A. masters
0. B. should master
0. C. mastered
0. D. will master
答案:B 解析:在 “It is + 形容词(necessary 等)+ that 从句” 这个结构中,从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,所以选 B。
例题 2:The suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
0. A. would present
0. B. present
0. C. presents
0. D. ought to present
答案:B 解析:在表示建议的名词(suggestion)后的同位语从句中,要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,should 可以省略,所以答案是 B。
8、 (倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气)精练题
一、语法填空
1.(24-25高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习)The manager commanded that measures (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Yesterday, I missed a successful concert. If only I (attend) the concert last night. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)The old man insisted that he (give) the night shift instead of young people, saying he had no one to take care of. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)It is time that we (take) action to protect our environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)If you (follow) my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)It is vital that he (collect) enough money to fund the project.(所给词的适当形式填空)
8.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)If I (be) a bird, I could fly in the sky freely.(所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(23-24高二上·重庆·期末)The authorities commanded that cigarettes (ban) from sales in this area. (所给词的正确形式填空)
10.(23-24高二·湖南·假期作业)After three days without food, the men were close to . If we had come later, they would have to death. (starve) (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Only in this way the team begin its journey to the next Olympics. (用适当的词填空)
12.(24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中)Not until I finished reading the book I truly understand the author’s intention. (用适当的词填空)
13.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Not only (be) reading recreation, but it can also better our understanding of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Hardly (have) he arrived at the airport when the plane took off. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Little (do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)It is the production uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. (用适当的词填空)
17.(24-25高二上·重庆·期中)It was the spirit of legendary soccer players inspired Fan Zhendong to give his all on the court. (用适当的词填空)
18.(24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中)It is exciting when the poet starts with one particular image, and then adds something that seems to be out of place — it is the lines which stick out make a poem interesting. (用适当的词填空)
19.(24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)It is only when you can break away from the past a whole new world can open up to you. (用适当的词填空)
20.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)It was not until yesterday I was told that he was ill in hospital. (用适当的词填空)
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第06讲三大特殊句式--精讲(倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气)
1、 精讲倒装句
1、倒装句的定义和分类
(1)定义
倒装句是一种语法结构,它将正常的句子语序(主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分)进行了颠倒。这种颠倒主要是为了强调某些成分、保持句子平衡或者满足特定的语法规则。
(2)分类
完全倒装:将整个谓语动词(包括助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前。例如:“Here comes the bus.”(正常语序是 The bus comes here.)。
部分倒装:只将助动词、情态动词或 be 动词放在主语之前,而实义动词仍然在主语之后。例如:“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”(正常语序是 I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.)
2、完全倒装的常见情况
(1)表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首时
常见的方位副词有 here, there, up, down, in, out, away 等。当它们位于句首时,
句子要完全倒装。
例句:Here comes the teacher.(老师来了。)
注意:主语是名词 “the teacher”,如果主语是代词,则不用完全倒装,
如 Here you are.
Out rushed the children.(孩子们冲了出去。)
(2) 以介词短语开头的句子,
如 “On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.”(墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。)
“In front of the classroom stands a big tree.”(教室前面有一棵大树。)
(3)表示时间的副词(如 now, then 等)放在句首时
例句:Now comes your turn.(现在轮到你了。)
Then came the moment we had been waiting for.(我们一直等待的时刻到来了。)
3、部分倒装的常见情况
(1)否定副词或含有否定意义的短语位于句首时
常见的否定副词有 never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely 等,
含有否定意义的短语有 not until, by no means, in no way, on no account 等。
例句:
Never have I heard such a strange story.(我从来没听过这么奇怪的故事。)
Seldom does he go to the cinema.(他很少去看电影。)
Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.(直到他妈妈回来他才上床睡觉。)
(2)only + 状语(副词、介词短语或从句)位于句首时
例句:Only in this way can you solve the problem.(只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。)
Only when you have tried it yourself can you know its difficulty.
(只有你自己试过了,你才能知道它的难度。)
(3)so /neither/nor 位于句首,表示 “也” 或 “也不” 时
例句:He can speak English, so can I.(他会说英语,我也会。)
He didn't come to the party, neither /nor did I.(他没来参加聚会,我也没去。)
4、倒装句的注意事项
1、主谓一致问题
在完全倒装句中,谓语动词的单复数要根据后面的主语来确定。例如:“There are many books on the shelf.”(书架上有很多书。)主语是 “many books”,所以谓语动词用 are。
2、时态问题
倒装句的时态要根据句子的实际语境和表达意图来确定。部分倒装句中的助动词、情态动词的时态要和原句的时态相匹配。
例如:“Hardly had he finished his homework when his mother called him.”(他刚做完作业,他妈妈就叫他。)原句是过去完成时和一般过去时结合,倒装后助动词 “had” 的时态不变。
二、精讲强调句
(一)强调句型的基本结构
1、强调句型的基本结构是:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分。
此结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。
例如:原句:I met Mary in the park yesterday.(我昨天在公园遇见了玛丽。)
强调主语:It was I that/who met Mary in the park yesterday.
强调宾语:It was Mary that I met in the park yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was in the park that I met Mary yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Mary in the park.
特别提醒:当被强调部分是人时,可用 that 或 who;
当被强调部分是物或其他成分时,只能用 that。
2、强调句型的一般疑问句形式
一般疑问句形式是:Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分?
例如:Was it you that/who saw him in the street last night?(昨晚是你在街上看见他的吗?)
3、强调句型的特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问句形式是:特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that + 句子其他部分?
例如:When was it that you got to know her?(你是何时认识她的?)
4、not...until... 结构的强调句型
基本结构是:It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其他部分。
例如:原句:He didn't leave until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才离开。)
强调后的句子:It was not until his mother came back that he left.
(二)强调句型的判断方法
把 “It is/was...that/who...” 结构去掉后,句子在结构和意义上仍然完整。
这是判断一个句子是否是强调句型的重要方法。
例如:It was in 1998 that he went to college. 去掉强调结构后,句子变为 He went to college in 1998. 句子结构和意义完整,所以是强调句型。
(三)强调句型与其他从句的区别
1、强调句型与定语从句的区别:定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定,而强调句型是对句子某一成分进行强调。例如:It was the book that I bought yesterday.(强调句型);
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(定语从句)
2、调句型与主语从句的区别:主语从句在句子中充当主语,而强调句型中的被强调部分可以是多种成分。
例如:What he said is important.(主语从句);
It was what he said that made me angry.(强调句型)
3、强调谓语动词的方法
强调谓语动词时,要用助动词 do/does/did + 动词原形。
这种强调只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
例如:He does like English.(他确实喜欢英语。);She did come early.(她来得确实早。)
三、精讲虚拟语气
1、虚拟语气的定义和用途
(1)定义
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
(2)用途
例如,在表达与事实不符的假设情况时,“如果我是你,我就会努力学习。”(实际上我不是你);或者在表达愿望时,“我希望我能飞。”(实际上人不能飞)。
2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
结构:从句(If + 主语 + 过去式(be 动词用 were)),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might+ 动词原形)。
例句:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力地学习。)这里 “我” 实际上不是 “你”,从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,在从句中,不管主语是第几人称,be 动词都用 were;
主句则用 “would + 动词原形” 来表示在这种假设情况下会采取的行动。
(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
结构:从句(If + 主语 + had + 过去分词),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词)。
例句:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他就能通过考试了。)实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试,从句用 “had + 过去分词” 表示与过去事实相反的条件,主句用 “would + have + 过去分词” 表示过去本来会发生但实际没发生的结果。
(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(可能性较小)
结构:从句(If + 主语 + 过去式 /should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形),
主句(主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形)。
例句:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)说话人认为明天不太可能下雨,只是一种假设情况。或者 If he should come here tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(万一他明天来这儿,我会告诉他这个消息。)以及 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.(要是我来做这件事,我会用不同的方式。)
3、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
wish 后的宾语从句
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句用过去式(be 动词用 were)。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(我希望我是一只鸟。)
(2) 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用 “had + 过去分词”。
例如:I wish I had seen the movie last night.(我希望我昨晚看了那部电影。)
(3) 表示对将来的愿望,从句用 “would/could + 动词原形”。
例如:I wish it would stop raining tomorrow.(我希望明天雨能停。)
4、表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句
特别提醒: advise, suggest, demand, require, request, order 等动词,
从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:The doctor advised that he (should) take a rest.医生建议他休息一下。
5、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
(1)It is + 形容词(important, necessary, strange 等)+ that 从句
从句中要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:It is necessary that we (should) wear school uniforms.我们有必要穿校服。
6、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
(1)在表示建议、要求、命令等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中
特别提醒: advice, suggestion, demand, requirement 等名词,
从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构。
例如:My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting.
(我的建议是我们应该开个会。)这是表语从句;
The requirement that students (should) arrive on time is very strict.
(学生应该准时到达的要求很严格。)这是同位语从句。
四、虚拟语气的重点、考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气重点考点
(1)错综时间虚拟条件句
重点:这是一种特殊的虚拟条件句,从句和主句所指的时间不一致。
考点:考生需要根据句子所表达的实际时间来正确选择从句和主句的虚拟语气形式。
例如:If you had studied harder in the past few years, you would be a college student now.
(从句是与过去事实相反,用 had + 过去分词;
主句是与现在事实相反,用 would + 动词原形)。
2、省略 if 的虚拟条件句
重点:当 if 引导的虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时,可以把 if 省略,把这些词提前,构成倒装结构。
考点:识别这种倒装结构并理解其表达的虚拟含义。
例如:Were I you(= If I were you), I would not do that. Had he known the news
(= If he had known the news), he would have come earlier.
3、含蓄虚拟条件句
重点:句子中没有明显的 if 引导的条件句,但通过一些词或短语(如 without, but for, otherwise 等)来暗示虚拟条件。
考点:能够根据这些暗示词判断虚拟语气的类型并正确使用形式。
例如:Without your help, I couldn't have passed the exam.
(这句话相当于 If it hadn't been for your help,
I couldn't have passed the exam. 与过去事实相反)。
五、宾语从句中的虚拟语气重点考点
1、wish 后的宾语从句
重点:根据不同的愿望时间(现在、过去、将来)来准确使用虚拟语气形式。
考点:判断 wish 所表达的愿望与实际时间的关系,选择正确的从句动词形式。
如在高考中 I wish I______(see) the film last night.(答案是 had seen,因为是与过去事实相反)。
2、表示建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句
重点:记住像 suggest, advise, demand, require 等表示建议、要求、命令的动词,
其后的宾语从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 结构,并且 should 可以省略。
考点:识别这些动词并正确使用虚拟语气。
例如:The teacher demanded that the students (should) hand in their homework on time.
六、主语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气重点考点
1、It is + 形容词 / 名词 + that 从句 (主语从句)和表示建议等名词后的同位语从句
重点:对于一些特定的形容词(如 necessary, important, strange 等)和名词(如 suggestion, advice, demand 等),其从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 结构。
考点:判断从句是否是在这种特定的主语从句或同位语从句结构中,从而正确使用虚拟语气。
例如:It's strange that he (should) have said such a thing.(主语从句)以及 The order that all the soldiers (should) stay where they are is very important.(同位语从句)。
七、高中英语虚拟语气的典型例题
1、条件句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:If I ______ you, I ______ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
0. A. was; shall pay
0. B. am; will pay
0. C. would be; would pay
0. D. were; would pay
答案:D 解析:这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。在虚拟语气中,当表示与现在事实相反的假设时,从句用 “If + 主语 + 过去式(be 动词用 were)”,主句用 “主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。这里 “我” 不可能是 “你”,是与现在事实相反的情况,所以从句用 were,主句用 would pay。
例题 2:If he ______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
0. A. followed
0. B. should follow
0. C. had followed
0. D. would follow
答案:C 解析:句子表达的是与过去事实相反的情况。“他失去了工作” 是已经发生的事实,假设他听了我的建议(实际上没听),就不会失去工作。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句从句用 “had + 过去分词”,所以选 C。
例题 3:______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
0. A. Were
0. B. Should
0. C. Would
0. D. Will
答案:B 解析:这是一个与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,并且省略了 if,将 should 提前构成倒装。完整的句子是 If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 所以答案是 B。
2、宾语从句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:I wish I ______ you yesterday.
0. A. seen
0. B. did see
0. C. had seen
0. D. were to see
答案:C 解析:wish 后的宾语从句,表示与过去事实相反的愿望,要用 “had + 过去分词” 的形式。句子意思是 “我希望我昨天见到你了”,但实际上没见到,所以选 C。
例题 2:The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
0. A. wouldn't
0. B. couldn't
0. C. needn't
0. D. shouldn't
答案:D 解析:recommend 表示 “建议”,其后的宾语从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,这里是表示否定建议,所以用 shouldn't,答案是 D。
3、主语从句和同位语从句虚拟语气例题
例题 1:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.
0. A. masters
0. B. should master
0. C. mastered
0. D. will master
答案:B 解析:在 “It is + 形容词(necessary 等)+ that 从句” 这个结构中,从句要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,所以选 B。
例题 2:The suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
0. A. would present
0. B. present
0. C. presents
0. D. ought to present
答案:B 解析:在表示建议的名词(suggestion)后的同位语从句中,要用 “(should)+ 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构,should 可以省略,所以答案是 B。
8、 (倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气)精练题
一、语法填空
1.(24-25高二上·福建厦门·阶段练习)The manager commanded that measures (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)Yesterday, I missed a successful concert. If only I (attend) the concert last night. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)The old man insisted that he (give) the night shift instead of young people, saying he had no one to take care of. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)It is time that we (take) action to protect our environment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)If you (follow) my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.(2024高二上·全国·专题练习)If it (be) not for his determination, he would not have completed the marathon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)It is vital that he (collect) enough money to fund the project.(所给词的适当形式填空)
8.(2024高二下·全国·专题练习)If I (be) a bird, I could fly in the sky freely.(所给词的适当形式填空)
9.(23-24高二上·重庆·期末)The authorities commanded that cigarettes (ban) from sales in this area. (所给词的正确形式填空)
10.(23-24高二·湖南·假期作业)After three days without food, the men were close to . If we had come later, they would have to death. (starve) (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.(24-25高二上·全国·课后作业)Only in this way the team begin its journey to the next Olympics. (用适当的词填空)
12.(24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中)Not until I finished reading the book I truly understand the author’s intention. (用适当的词填空)
13.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Not only (be) reading recreation, but it can also better our understanding of the world. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Hardly (have) he arrived at the airport when the plane took off. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.(23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中)Little (do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)It is the production uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. (用适当的词填空)
17.(24-25高二上·重庆·期中)It was the spirit of legendary soccer players inspired Fan Zhendong to give his all on the court. (用适当的词填空)
18.(24-25高二上·湖南长沙·期中)It is exciting when the poet starts with one particular image, and then adds something that seems to be out of place — it is the lines which stick out make a poem interesting. (用适当的词填空)
19.(24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)It is only when you can break away from the past a whole new world can open up to you. (用适当的词填空)
20.(24-25高二上·山东滨州·开学考试)It was not until yesterday I was told that he was ill in hospital. (用适当的词填空)
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精练试题详解答案:
1.should be taken/be taken
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:经理命令立即采取措施纠正所有错误。句中command that sb (should) do的结构即表示命令、要求或者请求语气的动词后接宾语从句,宾语从句使用虚拟语气,should可以省略。同时measures与take之间是被动关系,故使用情态动词的被动语态。故填should be taken或者be taken。
2.had attended
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:昨天,我错过了一场成功的音乐会。要是我参加昨晚的音乐会就好了。这句话考查If only后面的虚拟语气,这是对过去的事情的假设,谓语用过去完成时。故填had attended。
3.be given
【详解】考查虚拟语气,与被动语态。句意:那位老人坚持要让他而不是年轻人上夜班,说他没有人要照顾。此处主语he指的是被轮换夜班,所以需要用被动语态;insist表示“坚持要求时”从句中需要使用should加动词原形,should可省略。故填be given。
4.should take/took
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:该是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。此处应为固定句型“it’s (high) time that+从句”结构,意为“到了该做某事的时候了”,该结构的谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”或者使用动词过去式形式。故填should take/took。
5.had followed
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你听了我的劝告,你就不会考试不及格了。此处为虚拟条件状语从句,根据句意以及主句中的谓语动词would not have failed可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,所以从句中使用过去完成时。故填had followed。
6.were
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是因为他的决心,他就不会跑完马拉松。根据主句would not have completed可知本句为祈使句;在虚拟句中,if it were not for+n/pron.为固定句型,意思是“要不是/若不是因为”, 故填were。
7.should collect/collect
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:至关重要的是他应该筹集足够的钱来资助这个项目。It is vital that...是固定句型,意为“做某事是必要的”,其中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,that从句中要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气,should可省略。故填(should) collect。
8.were
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我是一只鸟,我就能在天空自由地飞翔。句子表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,条件状语从句中用一般过去时,be动词用were。故填were。
9.be banned
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:当局下令禁止在这个地区销售香烟。commanded表示“命令”,后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语使用“should+动词原形”结构,should可省略,主语cigarettes和动词ban
之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填be banned。
10. starvation starved
【详解】考查名词和虚拟语气。句意:三天没有吃东西,这些人几乎要饿死了。如果我们来晚了,他们就饿死了。第一空位于介词to之后,所以此处使用名词作宾语,starve的名词为starvation意为“饿死”,且为不可数名词;第二句,虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,从句谓语过去完成时,主句谓语would have done形式,第二空位于助动词would have之后,所以此处应为过去分词形式与would have构成句子的谓语。故填①starvation②starved。
11.does/will/can
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:只有这样,球队才能开始下一届奥运会的征途。“only+状语”置于句首,句子使用部分倒装,句子结构是助动词/情态动词+do,此处可以表示一般现在时,陈述客观事实,也可以使用一般将来时,助动词可以用does/will,还可以使用情态动词can,表示“能够”。故填does/will/can。
12.did
【详解】考查时态和部分倒装。句意:直到读完这本书,我才真正理解作者的意图。Not until位于句首时,主句部分要部分倒装,由finished可知,句子时态是一般过去时,由后面的understand是原形可知,部分倒装由添加助动词did并提前到主语I的前面形成,因此空格处是did。故填did。
13.is
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意:阅读不仅是娱乐,而且还可以更好地理解世界。句中not only置于句首构成倒装句结构,此处将be动词提前,根据句意,句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。该句的主语为reading,be用is。故填is。
14.had
【详解】考查时态。句意:他刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。此处为句型hardly...when...表示“刚……就”,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;hardly置于句首,主句要部分倒装,将助动词had置于主语之前,故填had。
15.did
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:我几乎没有想过我会把时装设计作为我的工作,并最终成为一名合格的时装设计师。否定副词little位于句首,使用部分倒装,将助动词置于主语之前,结合“would pursue”可知,使用一般过去时,助动词用did。故填did。
16.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:生产过程消耗了大部分的能源,产生了大部分的温室气体。去掉It is和空格处,剩余部分是完整的句子,所以此处为强调句句式“it is+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”,该句子强调主语the production,空格处用that。故填that。
17.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:正是传奇足球运动员的精神激励着范振东在球场上倾尽全力。这是一个强调
句型“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”,此处强调的是主语“the spirit of legendary soccer players”。故填that。
18.that
【详解】考查强调句型。句意:当诗人以一个特定的意象开始,然后加入一些似乎不合适的东西时,这是令人兴奋的——正是那些突兀的诗句使一首诗有趣。结合“it is the lines which stick out”可知,此处用强调句 型“it be+被强调部分+that/who…”,主语the lines which stick out“那些突兀的诗句”是被强调部分,指物,空处应用that。故填that。
19.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:只有当你能摆脱过去,一个全新的世界才会向你敞开。此处为强调句,其结构为:it is +强调成分+that/who+其他。本句强调时间状语从句only when you can break away from the past,故填that。
20.that
【详解】考查强调句。句意:直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。此处为强调句型“it was+被强调部分+that”,该句中强调的是句子的时间状语。故填that。
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