重难点02 语法填空之非谓语动词-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

重难点02 语法填空之非谓语动词 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 非谓语动词的用法 （5年13考） 非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。 解题技法 考向1　填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式 提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。 解题规则 1.非谓语动词作主语 一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 3. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 4. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 2.非谓语动词作表语 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。 不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 3. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. 4. Please remain (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 5. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get (change) before the party. 3.非谓语动词作宾语 (1)不定式作宾语 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。 口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (2)动名词作宾语 ①下列动词(词组)常接动名词作宾语 口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape ②下列短语常接动名词作宾语 be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。 (3)另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 3. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 5. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 6. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 7. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 8. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 9. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 10. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 考向2　填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。 解题规则 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。 点津：表示心理状态的动词­ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 4. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 5. The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. 6. The old lady was so kind that she adopted many ____________ (abandon) cats and dogs. 考向3　填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用，则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。 解题规则 1.不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit等。 2.现在分词作宾语补足语 常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。 特别提醒：使役动词get, have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。get sb.to do sth./have sb.do sth.表示“使/让某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；get sb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语 常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 4. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 5. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 6. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 7. He got his bad tooth ________ (pull) yesterday, for it had caused him too much pain. 8. When I came in, I found a strange girl ___________(seat) in the corner. 考向4　填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。 解题规则 1.分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。 (1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 (2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 (3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lost(迷路的), seated(坐), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(感到厌烦), faced with(面对)等。 2.不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to, so as to等来替换，但so as to不能置于句首。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 5. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 6. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 7. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 8. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 9._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 10._______(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. （建议用时：40分钟） 考查一：非谓语专题练习。 1.For the previous weeks, I had been trained on to be a volunteer for it. 2.The device could be helpful in areas (locate) far from a power grid (电网). 3.“I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos, (aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review. 4.She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 5.She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 6.These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together (handle) environmental problems. 7.Beijing Olympic Park, also (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. 8.To my joy, (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. 9.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. 10.Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place where they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, (serve) hot, salty and sour. 11.My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them (carry) on the wind. 12. (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. 13.One theory, increasingly   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 14.Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. 15.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 16.A piece of stone (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 17.It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. 18.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. 考查二：北京真题训练。 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 8. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 考查三：北京模拟训练。 1.【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 17 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 18 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 19 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 20 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport． 2.【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally 16 (recognize) testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices, 17 (safe) one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight. 3.【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 4.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. 5.【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. 6.（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 【考查四：全国语法填空单句训练】 一. 动词不定式 1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them. 8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.” 9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice. 10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). 11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem. 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard. 13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives. 14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050. 二. 动名词 1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest. 考点三. 现在分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food. 4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child. 6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs. 8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 考点四. 过去分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish). 8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population 【考查四：全国语法填空语篇训练】 （2024·山东烟台·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was in 2019, 1 Zakirova came to Shanghai to study, that she discovered a local park filled with elderly people 2 (dance) in the early morning. No one judges the dancers for a misstep or for not keeping up with the rhythm. They simply dance and enjoy the moment. Usually, 3 (experience) dancers lead, while newcomers observe, learn, and eventually join in. 4 (occasion), she’d also join and dance with the Chinese. In her opinion, this public activity ignores age and background, offering 5 effective method to handle the loneliness and physical inactivity that often goes hand in hand with aging. It is a heartwarming proof to the openness and liveliness of modern Chinese society: older people and retired people gather, not just 6 (exercise), but to socialize and form new connections. By the time she came to China, Zakirova 7 (take) part in various dances, including traditional Uzbek dances and various other cultural dances. On campus, she taught students from other corners of the world Uzbek dances in exchange 8 the learning of dances from their traditions. Outside the university, she often found 9 (she) wandering into parks watching the public square dances. These two worlds — the public dancing in China and the Uzbek dance tradition — have shaped her life and brought her boundless joy. Dancing, whether in China 10 Uzbekistan, serves as a reminder that the joy of dance goes beyond borders, languages, and backgrounds. （2024·湖南长沙·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Putian wood carving, one of the four well-known 1 (category) of the art of Chinese wood carving, originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. 2 (serve) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item in China, it is a traditional folk carving technique of southeast China’s Fujian Province. Zheng Chunhui, Lin Jianjun and Chen Yushu are three 3 (exception) representatives of wood carving masters. Zheng is a provincial-level inheritor (继承人) of the wood carving art, 4 not only excels in traditional wood carving technique, 5 expresses his love for his family and nation through his works. To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique wood carving gallery, which is the 6 (one) in Putian run by an individual and free to the public. The delicately made wood carving works by Lin 7 (shine) at a BRICS summit (峰会) several years ago, and meanwhile, the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces that are made by Chen 8 (show) at many international exhibitions over the past few years. Putian city is home 9 over 2,600 wood carving companies, and the wood carving works 10 (create) there were sold to more than 20 countries and regions around the world last year. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点02 语法填空之非谓语动词 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 非谓语动词的用法 （5年13考） 非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能，现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。 解题技法 考向1　填非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的相应形式 提示词是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。 解题规则 1.非谓语动词作主语 一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语的不定式或动名词后置。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 3. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 4. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。 2. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。 3. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 4. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 2.非谓语动词作表语 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。 不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 3. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears. 4. Please remain (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 5. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get (change) before the party. 1. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。 2. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。 3.moving; moved。该句意为：这个故事如此感人以至于我都感动落泪了。故答案是moving; moved。 4. seated。remain seated相当于be seated。故答案是seated。 5. changed。get changed也是被动语态结构，类似地，get caught, get burnt, get paid等。故答案是changed。 3.非谓语动词作宾语 (1)不定式作宾语 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀。 口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 (2)动名词作宾语 ①下列动词(词组)常接动名词作宾语 口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape ②下列短语常接动名词作宾语 be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。 (3)另外，有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词意义不同 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 3. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 5. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 6. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 7. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 8. Isn't it time you got down to___________(mark) the papers? 9. The children are looking forward to ___________________ (offer) Christmas gifts. 10. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam. 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 3. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 4. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 5. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 6. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 7. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 8. marking。get down to doing表示“着手做某事”，to是介词。故答案是marking。 9. being offered。look forward to盼望某事，to是介词；结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是being offered。 10. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难，介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。 考向2　填非谓语动词作定语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词修饰某个名词或代词时，则需要考虑所填词作定语。此时需要考虑动名词、不定式和分词。 解题规则 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。 点津：表示心理状态的动词­ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. The old man told the story in a voice and the little girl felt very (frighten). 4. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 5. The club, _________ (found) 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. 6. The old lady was so kind that she adopted many ____________ (abandon) cats and dogs. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. frightening; frightened。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是frightening; frightened。 4. weighing。weigh, measure表示物体重量、高度等概念时，不能用被动形式。故答案是weighing。 5. founded。句意：这家俱乐部，成立于25年前，正在为过去和现在的会员举办一场聚会。设空处为非谓语动词，found与逻辑主语The club之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，found的过去分词为founded，作后置定语。故填founded。 6. abandoned。这些狗和猫是被遗弃的，应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。 考向3　填非谓语动词作宾语补足语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词对句子宾语起到补充说明的作用，则需要考虑所填词作宾语补足语。此时需要考虑分词和不定式。 解题规则 1.不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词：advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit等。 2.现在分词作宾语补足语 常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语：feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。 特别提醒：使役动词get, have既可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用不定式作宾语补足语。get sb.to do sth./have sb.do sth.表示“使/让某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.doing表示“使/让某人/物一直做某事”，侧重动作的持续进行；get sb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物开始行动起来”，侧重动作的开始。 3.过去分词作宾语补足语 常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 4. She returned home, only to find a number of things ___________________________ (steal/miss/go/lose) 5. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 6. The missing boy was last seen (play) near the East Lake. 7. He got his bad tooth ________ (pull) yesterday, for it had caused him too much pain. 8. When I came in, I found a strange girl ___________(seat) in the corner. 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 3. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 4. stolen/missing/lost。be stolen/missing/lost是习惯用法。故答案是stolen/missing/lost。 5. winding。wind one’s way表示“蜿蜒行进”，结合语境这是notice sb doing sth句型。故答案是winding。 6. playing。last是关键：失踪的孩子最后一次有人见他在东湖边玩耍。故答案是playing。 7. pulled。分析句子可知，pull(拔)在句中做动词got后宾语his bad tooth的补足语，应使用非谓动词形式，又因与其逻辑主语his bad tooth之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式pulled。故填pulled。 8. seated。分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作名词girl的后置定语。girl与seat之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，故用过去分词形式。故填seated。 考向4　填非谓语动词作状语的相应形式 提示词为动词，通过分析确定填非谓语动词时，若所填非谓语动词在句子中不作主语、宾语、表语或定语，则需要考虑所填词作状语。此时只需考虑分词和不定式即可。 解题规则 1.分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。 (1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 (2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 (3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(短语)有：lost(迷路的), seated(坐), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(感到厌烦), faced with(面对)等。 2.不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to, so as to等来替换，但so as to不能置于句首。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 5. _______________(finish) his homework，he went to bed. 6. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum. 7. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 8. (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 9._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 10._______(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 4. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 5. Having finished。finish与句子主语之间构成主动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用Having finished。 6. Having been shown。show与句子主语之间构成被动关系，且发生在谓语动作之前，应用having been done。故答案是Having been shown。 7. Having been asked。结合语境“要求加班”是被动的，且已经发生的，故用having been done。故答案是Having been asked。 8. Encouraged。encourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Encouraged。 9. Having waited。wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Having waited。 10. Bitten。分析句子结构结合句意可知，设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语，动作bite(咬)与主语postman(邮递员)之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式表被动，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Bitten。 （建议用时：40分钟） 考查一：非谓语专题练习。 1.For the previous weeks, I had been trained on to be a volunteer for it. 【答案】how 【详解】考查疑问词。句意：在之前的几周里，我一直在接受如何成为一名志愿者的培训。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“疑问词+to do”结构，作on的宾语，表示“如何”，应用how。故填how。 2.The device could be helpful in areas (locate) far from a power grid (电网). 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。 3.“I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos, (aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review. 【答案】aiming 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。 4.She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】facing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 5.She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】to address 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 6.These events encourage both governments and local communities to work together (handle) environmental problems. 【答案】to handle 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。 7.Beijing Olympic Park, also (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. 【答案】known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 8.To my joy, (listen) to each book made me feel like watching a movie, but better because books gave much more details than movies. 【答案】listening 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。 9.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, (give) us the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of homesickness. 【答案】giving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一口安慰的食物带我们回到我们的文化根源，给我们“家的味道”，缓解乡愁。分析句子可知，give用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语One mouthful of comfort food是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填giving。 10.Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place where they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, (serve) hot, salty and sour. 【答案】served 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。 11.My thoughts can’t be relayed over a regular phone line, so I want them (carry) on the wind. 【答案】to be carried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的思想无法通过普通的电话线传递，所以我希望它们能被风传递。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。代词them指代thoughts，与carry之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式。故填to be carried。 12. (think) about the idea for a long time, Sasaki finally built the booth. 【答案】Having thought 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过长时间的思考，佐佐木终于搭建了这个电话亭。逻辑主语Sasaki与think之间为主动关系，且动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。故填Having thought。 13.One theory, increasingly   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 【答案】supported 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 14.Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. 【答案】to harm 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 15.There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】caused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年极端天气事件的数量急剧上升，这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 16.A piece of stone (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 【答案】found 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语，find和逻辑主语stone之间是逻辑被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。故答案为found。 17.It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. 【答案】to break 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 18.Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention. 【答案】to invest 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种增长在很大程度上是由于气候变化。研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语修饰名词need。故填to invest。 考查二：北京真题训练。 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【16题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 14.【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 19.【答案】to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20.【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 12.【答案】 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 14. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 8. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 【5题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 考查三：北京模拟训练。 1.【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 17 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 18 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 19 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 20 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport． 【答案】17．participated 18．which 19．better 20．recovery 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚运会女子体操资格赛的故事，她被称为“丘妈”。她曾为给儿子治病改德国国籍，儿子康复后她继续体操生涯。 17．考查时态。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。根据时间状语“on Monday”和下文的chanted可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填 participated。 18．考查定语从句。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。先行词为“Qiu Ma”，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填 which。 19．考查形容词比较级。句意：2002年，当她的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她加入了德国国籍，以便参加国际赛事，以获得更高的收入和更好的医疗服务。根据空格前的“higher income”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，表示“更好的医疗治疗”。故填better。 20．考查名词。句意：在儿子康复后，出于对这项运动的热爱，丘索维金娜继续了她的体操之旅。根据空格前的名词所有格“her son’s”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语，表示“康复”。故填 recovery。 2.【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally 16 (recognize) testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices, 17 (safe) one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight. 【答案】15．which 16．recognized 17．the safest 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲锂电池能量储存多，不当释放有危害，使用充电需注意安全。 15．考查定语从句。句意：当能量以不受控制的方式释放时，它会产生热量，从而将某些内部电池组件转化为可燃气体。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填which。 16．考查过去分词。句意：消费者应购买仅由国家认可的测试实验室列出的电池，如果电池出现损坏迹象，例如异常气味、过度发热、爆裂声或颜色变化，则应停止使用该设备。此处修饰testing laboratory，表示“被认可的”应用过去分词作定语。故填recognized。 17．考查形容词最高级。句意：在所有为这些设备充电的地方中，最安全的一个是在户外远离任何建筑物且不在直射阳光下。此处表示“最安全的”应用最高级the safest。故填the safest。 3.【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 【答案】15．for 16．to access 17．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人的记忆的存储的方式以及大脑是如何处理感觉信号。 15．考查介词。句意：一个人的记忆就像一个有很多房间的大厅，有些房间经常去，有些房间多年未动。此处使用介词for+一段时间表示“长达……之久”，用作时间状语。故填for。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，有时某些记忆的门会被锁住，需要一把特殊的钥匙才能进入。此处表示目的，需用不定式。故填to access。 17．考查定语从句。句意：当感觉输入刺激受体时，信号会沿着神经细胞发送到大脑，在那里进行处理和解释。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the brain，定语从句缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 4.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. 【答案】15．being abandoned 16．labored/laboured 17．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了查尔斯·穆里从小被父母抛弃，但是他努力工作，最终成为一个百万富翁和一个重要人物。 15．考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：想象一下，6岁就被可怜的父母抛弃了！分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词imagine，所以abandon用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：imagine doing意为“想象一下做什么”，由根据后文的by可知，此处应用被动语态，所以用动名词的被动语态。故填being abandoned。 16．考查动词时态。句意：在接下来的几年里，他做了许多艰苦的工作。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以labor作本句谓语，和主语he之间是主动关系，根据前后文可知，描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填labored或者laboured。 17．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他开始使用的出租车，后来，他开了一家运输服务公司，拥有一支车队。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导，指代“他使用的东西”。故填what。 5.【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. 【答案】14．where 15．to improve 16．trying 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手机上瘾的现象，以及一些学生和专家为解决此问题所作的努力。 14．考查定语从句。句意：一些大学生开展了一项活动，他们在没有手机的情况下庆祝了一整天。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词campaign，指物，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 15．考查不定式。句意：这一举动是为了改善他们与亲人的关系，让他们远离虚拟生活。动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填to improve。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：手机上瘾的问题早在几年前就被发现了，专家和心理学家试图提高人们对这个问题的认识。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语experts and psychologists和try之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填trying。 6.（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 【答案】18．Having won 19．to improve 20．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having won。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to improve。 20．考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what。故填what。 【考查四：全国语法填空单句训练】 一. 动词不定式 1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 答案：to give 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers. 答案: to find 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 答案: to benefit 解析：考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 答案: to bite 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 答案：to be lifted 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案: to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。 7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them. 答案: to see 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。)，故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.” 答案: to thank 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。故填to thank。 9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice. 答案: to continue 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。 10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do). 答案: to do 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。 11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem. 答案: to educate 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。 12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard. 答案: to plant 解析：考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。 13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives. 答案: to change 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。 14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050. 答案: to increase 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。 二. 动名词 1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest. 答案：walking 解析：考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。 考点三. 现在分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 答案：Recalling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 答案：Covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food. 答案：thinking 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，________(think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。 4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 答案：visiting。 解析：考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child. 答案： falling 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 答案：existing; sighted 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉•斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填existing, sighted。 7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs. 答案：aching 解析：考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。 8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 答案：living 解析：考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。 9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time. 答案：wanting 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 考点四. 过去分词短语 1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案: inspired 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案: designed 解析：考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants. 答案：closed 解析：考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 答案:recognized 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 答案：surrounded。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 答案：studied 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。 7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish). 答案：astonished 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished. 8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population 答案：compared 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，故填compared。 【考查四：全国语法填空语篇训练】 （2024·山东烟台·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was in 2019, 1 Zakirova came to Shanghai to study, that she discovered a local park filled with elderly people 2 (dance) in the early morning. No one judges the dancers for a misstep or for not keeping up with the rhythm. They simply dance and enjoy the moment. Usually, 3 (experience) dancers lead, while newcomers observe, learn, and eventually join in. 4 (occasion), she’d also join and dance with the Chinese. In her opinion, this public activity ignores age and background, offering 5 effective method to handle the loneliness and physical inactivity that often goes hand in hand with aging. It is a heartwarming proof to the openness and liveliness of modern Chinese society: older people and retired people gather, not just 6 (exercise), but to socialize and form new connections. By the time she came to China, Zakirova 7 (take) part in various dances, including traditional Uzbek dances and various other cultural dances. On campus, she taught students from other corners of the world Uzbek dances in exchange 8 the learning of dances from their traditions. Outside the university, she often found 9 (she) wandering into parks watching the public square dances. These two worlds — the public dancing in China and the Uzbek dance tradition — have shaped her life and brought her boundless joy. Dancing, whether in China 10 Uzbekistan, serves as a reminder that the joy of dance goes beyond borders, languages, and backgrounds. 1．when 2．dancing 3．experienced 4．Occasionally 5．an 6．to exercise 7．had taken 8．for 9．herself 10．or 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Zakirova的经历和感受，展现了她在中国学习期间对当地广场舞文化的观察和体验，以及她个人对舞蹈的理解和感悟。 1．考查定语从句。句意：在 2019 年，当 Zakirova 来到上海求学时，她发现当地的一个公园一大早就挤满了跳舞的老年人。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为“2019”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在 2019 年，当 Zakirova 来到上海求学时，她发现当地的一个公园一大早就挤满了跳舞的老年人。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“elderly people”和动词“dance”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填dancing。 3．考查形容词。句意：通常由经验丰富的舞者领舞，而新人则观察、学习，最后加入。此处修饰名词“dancers”，应用形容词experienced“经验丰富的”，作定语。故填experienced。 4．考查副词。句意：偶尔，她也会加入其中，和中国人一起跳舞。此处修饰后面整句话，应用副词occasionally“偶尔”，作状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Occasionally。 5．考查冠词。句意：在她看来，这种公共活动忽略了年龄和背景，为处理与衰老常常相伴的孤独和缺乏运动提供了有效方法。此处修饰可数名词单数，应用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是中国现代社会开放和活力的暖心证明：老年人和退休人员聚集在一起，不仅是为了锻炼，还为了社交和建立新的联系。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to exercise。 7．考查动词时态。句意：当 Zakirova 来到中国时，她已经参加了各种各样的舞蹈，包括传统的乌兹别克舞蹈和各种其他文化舞蹈。此处是谓语动词，根据状语从句的时态可知，主语动词发生在过去的过去，主句时态应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 8．考查介词。句意：在校园里，她教来自世界各地的学生跳乌兹别克舞，交换条件是学习他们的传统舞蹈。固定短语in exchange for，意为“作为……的交换”。故填for。 9．考查代词。句意：在校园外，她经常发现自己走进公园观看广场舞。此处代词担当宾语，表示主语本身，应用反身代词。故填herself。 10．考查固定句型。句意：无论是在中国还是在乌兹别克斯坦，舞蹈都提醒我们，舞蹈的乐趣超越了国界、语言和背景。固定句型whether…or…，意为“无论是……还是……”，符合句意。故填or。 （2024·湖南长沙·三模） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Putian wood carving, one of the four well-known 1 (category) of the art of Chinese wood carving, originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. 2 (serve) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item in China, it is a traditional folk carving technique of southeast China’s Fujian Province. Zheng Chunhui, Lin Jianjun and Chen Yushu are three 3 (exception) representatives of wood carving masters. Zheng is a provincial-level inheritor (继承人) of the wood carving art, 4 not only excels in traditional wood carving technique, 5 expresses his love for his family and nation through his works. To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique wood carving gallery, which is the 6 (one) in Putian run by an individual and free to the public. The delicately made wood carving works by Lin 7 (shine) at a BRICS summit (峰会) several years ago, and meanwhile, the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces that are made by Chen 8 (show) at many international exhibitions over the past few years. Putian city is home 9 over 2,600 wood carving companies, and the wood carving works 10 (create) there were sold to more than 20 countries and regions around the world last year. 1．categories 2．Serving 3．exceptional 4．who 5．but 6．first 7．shone 8．have been shown 9．to 10．created 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莆田木雕以及其代表人物。 1．考查名词。句意：莆田木雕是中国木雕艺术四大知名门类之一，起源于唐宋时期。category为可数名词，four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填categories。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是中国国家非物质文化遗产，是中国东南部福建省的一种传统民间雕刻技术。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，it和serve为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Serving。 3．考查形容词。句意：郑春辉、林建军、陈玉树是木雕大师的三位杰出代表。修饰名词representatives需用形容词exceptional，作定语。故填exceptional。 4．考查定语从句。句意：郑是省级木雕艺术的传承人，他不仅擅长传统的木雕技术，而且通过他的作品表达了他对家庭和民族的爱。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词inheritor，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5．考查连词。句意同上。not only…but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……，而且……”。故填but。 6．考查序数词。句意：为了推广木雕艺术，郑开设了一个独特的木雕画廊，这是莆田第一个由个人经营并免费向公众开放的画廊。定冠词the修饰序数词，空处需填序数词first。故填first。 7．考查动词时态。句意：几年前，林的精致木雕作品在金砖国家峰会上大出风头，与此同时，陈制作的中国风格的古董家具在过去几年里也在许多国际展览上展出。根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填shone。 8．考查动词时态语态。句意同上。根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces和show为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been shown。 9．考查介词。句意：莆田市有2600多家木雕企业，去年创作的木雕作品销往世界20多个国家和地区。be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的所在地”。故填to。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the wood carving works，create和the wood carving works为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填created。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$