重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（北京专用）

重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态、语态 和主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年13考） 谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致) 考向一　填谓语动词的时态和语态变化 提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。 1.如何确定谓语动词的时态 方法(1)　通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 方法(2)　通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。 方法(3)　通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。 方法(4)　通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 方法(5)　通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。 1.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 2.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 3.【2023北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 4.【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 5.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 6.【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 7.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 8.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. 2．如何确定谓语动词的语态 确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。 注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。 1.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 3.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 考向2　填谓语动词的主谓一致变化 除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。 解题规则 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。 2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。 4.就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 7.more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 1.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 2.【2023北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 3.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 考向3　填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化（不常考） 确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。 解题规则 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 (1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。 (2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。 (3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。 (4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。 (5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：时态和主谓一致综合练】 1.There (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 2.This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. 3.Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. 4.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 5.I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 6.Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English. 7.It (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. 8.I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee (visit) my school. 9.Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who (break) these rules. 10.A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. 11.Research on the question (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. 12.I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. 13.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. 14.The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. 【类型二：被动语态综合练】 1.WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. 2.The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. 3.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (throw) away. 4.In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. 【类型3：综合训练】 1.【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 14 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 15 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 16 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift． 2.【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, 14 (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay 15 (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, 16 are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. 3.【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The dragon, a famous beast born from fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hold on people’s imagination over centuries. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes 19 dragon patterns. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, 20 (proud) referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. 4.【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Harbin, 14 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists rushed to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more 15 (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make 16 a must-see spot no matter the weather. 5.【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. 6.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 11 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It carried out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books 12 (display)in the exhibition were philosophical and  artistic, which 13 (close) met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and finest Chinese publications 14 local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era. 【类型四：全国语法填空单句训练】 一. 考查动词时态。 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 3.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 4.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 5.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 6.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 7.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 8.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 二. 动词语态 9.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 10.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP ________(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 11.(2022浙江卷)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________(appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 12.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 13.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 14.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 考点三. 语法一致 15.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 16.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 17.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 18.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 19.(2021新课标I卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【类型五：全国语法填空语篇训练】 Passage9 （2024·浙江·三模） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Year of the Dragon comes with inspiration for creativity and the power to bring big ideas 1 life. Designer Wang Zijian’s Dragon Out of Water, a creative tea infuser (泡茶器),shines on the wall at the exhibition of the winning works of the 2024 Global Zodiac Design Competition at the Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchange Center. 2 (it) cute dragon design and special function are bound to appeal to young consumers. “It’s 3 unique product, and we expect a positive response from young customers,” Wang told Beijing Review. The item belongs to China Chic, or guochao, also 4 (know) as “national wave”, 5 refers to products of all sorts including traditional Chinese cultural elements. These products 6 (embrace) by the country’s younger generations in recent years. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z 7 (account) for 74 percent of consumers of China Chic goods in 2022, and the search volume of China Chic products has increased five times over the past decade. As a young designer, Wang hopes 8 (capture) young consumers with his creative interpretation of dragons. “I’ve been 9 (thorough) studying the dragon’s historical connotations (言外之意) and the 10 (psychology) characteristics of Gen Z consumers,” the 34-year-old designer told Beijing Review. Passage10 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Spring rolls, those crispy delights of golden pastry (油酥面团), featuring a mix 1 finely chopped vegetables like cabbage, carrots, and sometimes meat, are among the most popular 2 (choice) for a quick and tasty snack. The rolls are fried to a perfect crunch and are 3 (typical) eaten when hot. To eat one, you have to decide 4 to dip it in a sweet and sour sauce first, adding an extra layer of flavor, or to enjoy it on 5 (it) own, letting the roll’s own taste shine through. While spring rolls 6 (serve) in many places, the classic version can be found in the busy street markets, 7 they are made fresh on the spot and provided straight from the fryer. Good spring rolls have a light crust, allowing them 8 (pick) up easily without breaking or becoming unpleasantly wet. The filling is carefully seasoned 9 (guarantee) a harmonious blend of tastes and textures (口感). No matter where I get them, one is rarely enough, but two or three might be too much, so I am always left 10 (look) forward to my next spring roll experience. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点01 语法填空之动词的时态、语态 和主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年13考） 谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态和主谓一致。语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致) 考向一　填谓语动词的时态和语态变化 提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。 解题规则 1.如何确定谓语动词的时态 方法(1)　通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 方法(2)　通过“标志性时间状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判断动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找“标志性时间状语”来判定时态。 方法(3)　通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。 方法(4)　通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 方法(5)　通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。 1.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 2.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 11． 【答案】threw 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 12． 1【答案】exactly 【解析】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 3.【2023北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】had arrived 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 4.【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 13.【答案】 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 5.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 6.【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 7.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 8.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。 2．如何确定谓语动词的语态 确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。 注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。 1.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 【9题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 3.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 【4题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 【5题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 考向2　填谓语动词的主谓一致变化 除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。 解题规则 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。 2.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。 4.就近原则：由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 5.就远原则：主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 6.“every/each ＋可数名词单数＋and＋(every/each＋)可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 7.more than one或“many a＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 1.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 2.【2023北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 13.【答案】has established 【解2析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 3.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 16.【答案】has 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 考向3　填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化（不常考） 确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。 解题规则 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 (1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。 (2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。 (3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。 (4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。 (5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：时态和主谓一致综合练】 1.There (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, causing largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】has been 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 2.This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. 【答案】uses 【详解】考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。 3.Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. 【答案】has built 【详解】考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。 4.Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 5.I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 【答案】threw 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 6.Next year, after graduating from college, I (have) a job teaching English. 【答案】will have/am going to have 【详解】考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am going to have。 7.It (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. 【答案】impacts 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它影响下半身的正常形成。分析句子可知，impact作谓语，it指代上文提到的CRS，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述事实用一般现在时，故填impacts。 8.I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee (visit) my school. 【答案】visited 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在组委会主席参观我的学校后，我决定志愿参加今年的半程马拉松比赛。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填visited。 9.Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to people who (break) these rules. 【答案】broke 【详解】考查时态。句意：专家们说，这些文本可以证明公元前三世纪的政府对违反这些规则的人施以残酷的惩罚。分析句子可知，定语从句中缺少谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the third century BC可知，发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填broke。 10.A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill. 【答案】sits 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一座白色的电话亭，被称为“风的电话”，坐落在山顶的花园里。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。主语为A white telephone booth，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。 11.Research on the question (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. 【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested 【详解】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。空处为主句谓语动词，结合句意，可以用一般现在时表示客观事实，一般过去时表示研究发生在过去，或现在完成时强调到目前为止已经完成。主语research不可数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。 12.I (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. 【答案】voiced 【详解】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧。此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。 13.Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 14.The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. 【答案】has increased 【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：自2019年以来，这些塑料的使用量增加了300%。根据“since 2019”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词increase意为“增加”。主语use意为“使用”，为不可数名词，所以助动词应用has。故填has increased。 【类型二：被动语态综合练】 1.WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. 【答案】was created 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。 2.The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. 【答案】was spotted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这这位美国巨星被拍到与一名年轻的卡塔尔残疾男孩Al Muftah在一起。这名男孩出生时患有一种罕见的CRS。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。 3.Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they (throw) away. 【答案】are thrown 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 4.In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. 【答案】were produced 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。 【类型3：综合训练】 1.【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 14 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 15 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 16 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift． 【答案】14．on 15．when 16．was moved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲收到了儿子送给她的特别礼物——一本由简·古道尔签名的《国家地理》杂志，她非常感动并会永远珍惜这个礼物。 14．考查介词。句意：一天，我儿子看到一本我桌上的杂志，封面上是简·古道尔。on the cover 为固定搭配，意为“在封面上”。故填on。 15．考查连词。句意：第二个圣诞节，我正期待着我的肥皂，这时我的儿子递给我一个信封。此处为“be doing...when...”结构，表示“正在做某事，这时……”。故填when。 16．考查时态和语态。句意：我感动得流下了眼泪。根据上下文可知，陈述过去事情，应用一般过去时；I和move之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was moved。 2.【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, 14 (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay 15 (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, 16 are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. 【答案】14．noticed 15．buried 16．which 【导语】这是一则新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。 14．考查时态。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。根据句中的“in early November in 2023”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填noticed。 15．考查形容词。句意：这些硬币大多埋在离海岸不远的沙子和海草里。句中lie是系动词，需后接形容词作表语，需要的词义为“被掩埋的”，故填buried。 16．考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词coins指物并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 3.【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The dragon, a famous beast born from fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hold on people’s imagination over centuries. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes 19 dragon patterns. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, 20 (proud) referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. 【答案】17．has exercised/has been exercising 18．to ensure 19．with 20．proudly 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统文化中龙的象征意义及其在历史中的地位。 17．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：龙，一种从幻想中诞生的著名猛兽，几个世纪以来一直占据着人们的想象力。分析句子可知，exercise(运用，行使)是句中谓语动词，与主语The dragon(龙)之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语over centuries，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，用现在完成时态，也可用现在完成进行时强调行为的持续，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填has exercised/has been exercising。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们可以引起天气变化，给田地带来降雨，确保丰收。“(ensure) rich harvests”是“bring rainfall to the fields”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 19．考查介词。句意：因此，为了象征他们的权力，中国古代皇帝用龙的图案装饰他们的衣服。decorate...with...是固定搭配，意为“用……装饰……”。故填with。 20．考查副词。句意：许多中国人将龙视为国家的象征，自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。提示词修饰动词referring，用副词proudly作状语，意为“自豪地”。故填proudly。 4.【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Harbin, 14 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists rushed to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more 15 (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make 16 a must-see spot no matter the weather. 【答案】14．known 15．to offer 16．it 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了中国冰城——哈尔滨去年冬天变成了旅游胜地，它全年都有美丽的景色和美食，是值得参观的好地方。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨以冰雪节而闻名，去年冬天非常受欢迎。分析句子可知，became为谓语动词，空处用非谓语动词，Harbin与know为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填known。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了寒冷的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多的东西可以提供，包括传统的欧式建筑，独特的美食和文化活动。分析句子可知，空处修饰much more，用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。 16．考查代词。句意：无论天气如何，这座城市独特的景点都是必去的景点。分析句子可知，make“使得”的宾语表示“哈尔滨”这所城市，用it指代，a must-see spot作宾补。故填it。 5.【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. 【答案】11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。 11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。 6.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 11 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It carried out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books 12 (display)in the exhibition were philosophical and  artistic, which 13 (close) met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and finest Chinese publications 14 local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era. 【答案】11．whose 12．displayed 13．closely 14．to 【导语】本文是新闻报道。介绍今年1月24日，以“阅读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书春节联展在全球85家书店举行。 11．考查定语从句。句意：今年1月24日，以“阅读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书春节联展在全球85家书店举行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books，在从句中作定语，应该用whose引导。故填whose。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：展览中展出的书籍具有哲学性和艺术性，非常符合海外读者的需求。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以display用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是books，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填displayed。 13．考查副词。句意：展览中展出的书籍具有哲学性和艺术性，非常符合海外读者的需求。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词met ，应该用副词修饰，close的副词形式是closely。故填closely。 14．考查介词。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：present sth. to sb.意为“把某物展现给某人”。故填to。 【类型四：全国语法填空单句训练】 一. 考查动词时态。 1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 答案：have started 解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 2.(2024浙江1月卷)However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________(offer) in smaller packs. 答案：be offered 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 4.(2022浙江卷)When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 5.(2022浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 答案：have promised 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 6.(2022新课标II卷)Henry ________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing 解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 7.(2021浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ________(sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 8.(2020新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 二. 动词语态 9.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ________(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 10.(2022新课标I卷)The GPNP ________(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 答案：is designed 解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 11.(2022浙江卷)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ________(appreciate) by someone who’s blind? 答案：be appreciated 解析：考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。 12.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________(consider) healthy. 答案：is considered 解析：考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。 13.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home ________(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 14.(2020新课标)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call) galleries or rooms. 答案：are called 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 考点三. 语法一致 15.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 答案：walks 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 16.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 答案：were 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 17.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案：were 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 18.(2021新课标II卷)I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ________(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 19.(2021新课标I卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 【类型五：全国语法填空语篇训练】 Passage9 （2024·浙江·三模） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Year of the Dragon comes with inspiration for creativity and the power to bring big ideas 1 life. Designer Wang Zijian’s Dragon Out of Water, a creative tea infuser (泡茶器),shines on the wall at the exhibition of the winning works of the 2024 Global Zodiac Design Competition at the Beijing Overseas Cultural Exchange Center. 2 (it) cute dragon design and special function are bound to appeal to young consumers. “It’s 3 unique product, and we expect a positive response from young customers,” Wang told Beijing Review. The item belongs to China Chic, or guochao, also 4 (know) as “national wave”, 5 refers to products of all sorts including traditional Chinese cultural elements. These products 6 (embrace) by the country’s younger generations in recent years. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z 7 (account) for 74 percent of consumers of China Chic goods in 2022, and the search volume of China Chic products has increased five times over the past decade. As a young designer, Wang hopes 8 (capture) young consumers with his creative interpretation of dragons. “I’ve been 9 (thorough) studying the dragon’s historical connotations (言外之意) and the 10 (psychology) characteristics of Gen Z consumers,” the 34-year-old designer told Beijing Review. 1．to##into 2．Its 3．a 4．known 5．which 6．have been embraced 7．accounted 7．to capture 8．thoroughly 10．psychological 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在北京海外文化交流中心举办的2024年全球生肖设计大赛获奖作品展览上，设计师王子健设计的创意茶壶“龙出水”在墙上熠熠生辉。 1．考查介词。句意：龙年带来创造力的灵感和将伟大想法付诸实践的力量。短语bring…to/into life表示“把……付诸实践”。故填to/into。 2．考查代词。句意：它可爱的龙的设计和特殊的功能一定会吸引年轻的消费者。修饰名词dragon design应用形容词性物主代词its，首字母大写。故填Its。 3．考查冠词。句意：王在接受《北京评论》采访时表示：“这是一款独特的产品，我们希望能得到年轻顾客的积极回应。”此处product为泛指，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这件物品属于“中国潮”，也被称为“国潮”，指的是包括中国传统文化元素在内的各种产品。短语(be) known as表示“被称为”。故填known。 5．考查定语从句。句意：这件物品属于“中国潮”，也被称为“国潮”，指的是包括中国传统文化元素在内的各种产品。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词China Chic，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 6．考查时态语态。句意：近年来，这些产品受到了该国年轻一代的欢迎。主语products与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in recent years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been embraced。 7．考查时态。句意：据新华社报道，2022年，Z世代占中国时尚产品消费者的74%，中国时尚产品的搜索量在过去十年中增长了五倍。根据后文in 2022可知为一般过去时。故填accounted。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名年轻的设计师，王希望通过他对龙的创造性诠释来吸引年轻的消费者。短语hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”。故填to capture。 9．考查副词。句意：“我一直在深入研究龙的历史内涵和Z世代消费者的心理特征，”这位34岁的设计师在接受《北京评论》采访时表示。修饰动词study应用副词thoroughly，故填thoroughly。 10．考查形容词。句意：“我一直在深入研究龙的历史内涵和Z世代消费者的心理特征，”这位34岁的设计师在接受《北京评论》采访时表示。修饰名词characteristics应用形容词psychological，作定语。故填psychological。 Passage10 （2024·四川成都·模拟预测） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Spring rolls, those crispy delights of golden pastry (油酥面团), featuring a mix 1 finely chopped vegetables like cabbage, carrots, and sometimes meat, are among the most popular 2 (choice) for a quick and tasty snack. The rolls are fried to a perfect crunch and are 3 (typical) eaten when hot. To eat one, you have to decide 4 to dip it in a sweet and sour sauce first, adding an extra layer of flavor, or to enjoy it on 5 (it) own, letting the roll’s own taste shine through. While spring rolls 6 (serve) in many places, the classic version can be found in the busy street markets, 7 they are made fresh on the spot and provided straight from the fryer. Good spring rolls have a light crust, allowing them 8 (pick) up easily without breaking or becoming unpleasantly wet. The filling is carefully seasoned 9 (guarantee) a harmonious blend of tastes and textures (口感). No matter where I get them, one is rarely enough, but two or three might be too much, so I am always left 10 (look) forward to my next spring roll experience. 1．of 2．choices 3．typically 4．whether 5．its 6．are served 7．where 8．to be picked 9．to guarantee 10．looking 【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了春卷这种食物的特色、制作方法、食用方式以及它在人们饮食中的受欢迎程度。 1．考查介词。句意：春卷，那些金黄色的油酥面团的美味，里面混合了像白菜、胡萝卜，有时还有肉等切碎的蔬菜，是作为快捷美味小吃的最受欢迎的选择之一。这里需要一个介词来连接a mix和finely chopped vegetables，表示“由……组成的混合物”，a mix of是一个常见的表达方式，用于描述某种物品是由多种不同的元素或成分混合而成的。故填of。 2．考查名词的数。句意：春卷，那些金黄色的油酥面团的美味，里面混合了像白菜、胡萝卜，有时还有肉等切碎的蔬菜，是作为快捷美味小吃的最受欢迎的选择之一。表达“最受欢迎的选择之一”，这里需要用名词choice“选择”的复数形式，表示多个选择。故填choices。 3．考查副词。句意：这些春卷被炸得恰到好处，吃起来非常脆，通常在热的时候食用。本空用副词typically“通常地”，修饰eaten，作状语。故填typically。 4．考查固定句型。句意：吃春卷时，你必须决定是否先将其蘸入酸甜酱中，增加一层额外的味道，还是直接享受其本身的味道，让春卷自身的味道透出。句子中提到了两种选择：一种是蘸着甜酸酱吃，另一种是单吃春卷，用固定句型whether...or...“是……还是……”。故填whether。 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：吃春卷时，你必须决定是否先将其蘸入酸甜酱中，增加一层额外的味道，还是直接享受其本身的味道，让春卷自身的味道透出。本空用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，修饰own，构成短语on its own，表示“独自地，靠自己”。故填its。 6．考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：虽然春卷在很多地方都有供应，但经典版本可以在繁忙的街头市场找到，那里现场新鲜制作并直接从油炸锅中提供。本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语spring rolls与动词serve“供应，提供”为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填are served。 7．考查定语从句。句意：虽然春卷在很多地方都有供应，但经典版本可以在繁忙的街头市场找到，那里现场新鲜制作并直接从油炸锅中提供。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the busy street markets，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：好的春卷有一层薄薄的外壳，可以轻松拿起而不会破裂或不愉快地变湿。allow sb/sth to do sth“允许某人/某物做某事”，固定搭配，且them指代Good spring rolls，与pick up“拿起”为被动关系，用不定式的被动语态。故填to be picked。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：馅料经过精心调味，以确保口味和口感的和谐融合。本句谓语为is seasoned，此处为非谓语动词，本空用guarantee“保证”的不定式to guarantee，作目的状语。故填to guarantee。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买到它们，一个往往是不够的，但两个或三个可能太多，所以我总是期待着下一次吃春卷的经历。本句谓语为am left，此处为非谓语动词，leave sb. doing sth“让某人做某事”，本空用look的现在分词，作主语I的补足语。故填looking。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$