专题04 阅读理解议论文-2025年高考英语模拟专项突破精题精选（新高考）

专题04阅读理解议论文 议论文的解题技巧及题型讲解 议论文，有论点，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者想表达的意图等方面着手，考查思维能力和判定能力。 主旨大意题 这种题型考查对议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。 推理判断题 这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。它主要测试逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。 细节理解题 这种题型也是议论文试题的主要题型，要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。 抓论点、找论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 注重文章结构，理清文章脉络 把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类: (1)Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。 (2) Argument/ Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/ Restating the idea 这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 高考模拟再现（阅读理解议论文） （一） （2024·河北·模拟预测）Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone congratulates you on a job well done? Or when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved, you draw a blank? Maybe you have success amnesia. Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of “success amnesia”. People with success amnesia are often successful yet they find it difficult to admit achievements. They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge their results. Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. And, perhaps more importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the chances of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little Blue Engine comes to the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded (搁浅的) goods up and over a mountain. As she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins downwards. Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your partner. If you approach the task with “I think I can” in your mind, then you’re likely to tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before, but you trust yourself to work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task with your head full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult to get the work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you. Confidence fuels success and success fuels confidence. Our achievements provide us with evidence of what we’re capable of, increasing our self-belief and fueling our confidence to do more. Success amnesia reduces confidence. To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia. 1．Which student may have “success amnesia”? A．One willing to help others. B．One refusing to admit his mistake. C．One thinking little of his achievements. D．One speaking highly of his own composition. 2．Why is the story The Little Engine That Could mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the reason behind success amnesia. B．To praise the perseverance of The Little Blue Engine. C．To give an example that confidence can guarantee success. D．To prove that one is more likely to succeed with confidence. 3．How is Paragraph 4 developed? A．By citing a real case. B．By presenting supporting facts. C．By analyzing contributing factors. D．By showing comparison and contrast. 4．What will be presented in the following paragraph? A．Ways to deal with success amnesia, B．Different opinions on success amnesia. C．Scientific research into success amnesia. D．Possible consequences of success amnesia 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“成功失忆症”这一现象进行了讨论，阐述了成功失忆症对个人自信心和成功机会的影响，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“People with success amnesia are often successful yet they find it difficult to admit achievements.(患有成功失忆症的人往往很成功，但他们很难承认自己的成就。)”以及第三段“Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. (成功失忆症剥夺了他们取得目标时那种令人满意的感觉。)” 可以推断出，那些不太在意或难以承认自己成就的人可能患有成功失忆症。选项C“One thinking little of his achievements.(一个对自己的成就不太在意的人)” 最符合这个描述。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the chances of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little Blue Engine comes to the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded(搁浅的) goods up and over a mountain. As she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins downwards.(自信并不能保证成功，但它确实增加了成功的机会。想想经典的儿童故事《小火车头做到了》。小蓝引擎来救援一辆抛锚的火车，努力把搁浅的货物拉上和翻越一座山。当她向上移动时，她不断地说“我想我可以”，最后她到达山顶，开始向下移动。)”可知，小火车不断说“我想我可以”并最终成功到达山顶，这是为了证明一个人在有信心的情况下更有可能成功。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your partner. If you approach the task with “I think I can” in your mind, then you’re likely to tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before, but you trust yourself to work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task with your head full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult to get the work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you.(想象一下，你将为你的伴侣举办一场50岁生日庆祝活动。如果你在处理任务的时候心里想着“我想我能行”，那么你很可能会精力充沛地处理它。你以前可能没有做过类似的事情，但你相信自己能解决。你召开会议来收集想法并制定计划。另一方面，如果你满脑子都是“我做不到”的想法，那么你很可能会犹豫不决。当你认为任务超出你的能力范围时，就很难完成工作。)”可知，作者首先描述了一个场景，即假设你要为你的伴侣举办一个50岁生日庆祝活动，并描述了如果你以“我想我能”的心态来对待这个任务，你可能会充满能量地去完成它。然后，作者通过“on the other hand”（另一方面）进行了对比，描述了如果你满脑子都是“我做不到”，那么你很可能会犹豫不决，难以完成任务。因此，第四段是通过展示比较和对比来展开的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia.(要增强信心，就必须解决成功失忆症。)”以及全文内容可知，文章已经讨论了成功失忆症的定义、影响以及通过举例来证明信心对于成功的重要性。在结尾部分，文章提到“To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia.”（要增强信心，就必须解决成功失忆症。）这暗示了接下来可能会讨论如何处理成功失忆症的方法。故选A。 （二） （2024·江苏·模拟预测）The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly. Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 5．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Implementation does not take much time these days. C．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 6．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By listing examples. B．By sharing his experience. C．By providing research results. D．By referring to experts’ words. 7．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Preparation can help you perform better than AI. C．Elevator conversations require high social skills. D．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we can achieve success with little sweat. B．How we should make preparation for our future. C．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. D．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文强调成功更多依赖于99%的准备而非灵感，通过爱迪生名言的更新、火星车着陆准备、丘吉尔演讲准备等例子，论证了充分准备对于成功的重要性。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. (事实上，想法的传播速度比以往任何时候都快，但大多数想法都毫无价值，因为没有人努力实施它们)”可知，没有准备和努力的想法是无价值的。故选C项。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. (观看2021年毅力号火星车在火星表面着陆的精彩视频)”和第三段中的“In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. (在任务准备过程中，整个着陆区都被数字化了。规划者知道每一块岩石的位置和地形的倾角)”以及第四段中的“Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). (丘吉尔以熟记演讲而闻名，并在浴缸里反复练习演讲。其中一些是为了克服他的口吃，但主要是为了让语气恰到好处。没有什么是即兴的)”可知，作者在文章中通过列举多个例子来支持他的观点，如Perseverance火星探测器着陆前的详尽准备，以及丘吉尔对演讲的精心准备等。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. (但是，尽管人工智能几乎可以回答你提出的任何问题，但当你的老板问你对奥马哈的新产品创意或销售前景有何看法时，它在电梯里毫无价值)”可知，在实际的工作场景中，如电梯里老板询问你对新产品想法或销售前景的看法时，AI是无能为力的。这实际上是在突出准备和人的能力的重要性，即准备可以让你在需要时表现得比AI更好。故选B项。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” (但随着我们进入21世纪，我认为我们应该更新这句话：“成功是1%的灵感和99%的准备。”)”以及最后一段中的“The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. (唯一的答案来自99%的准备)”和“ Preparation will make you super great. (准备会让你变得超级棒)”可知，作者认为成功不仅仅是靠灵感，更重要的是准备，整篇文章主要围绕“准备”这一主题展开，通过多个例子和论述来强调准备对于成功的重要性。故选D项。 （三） （2024·浙江杭州·一模）A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi. I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up called HeyGen. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places. AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,” Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience. Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery. In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve. 9．Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1? A．To promote the language software. B．To show off his Chinese language skills. C．To prove learning a language is a wasted effort. D．To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools. 10．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．AI translation deserves more attention. B．Language apps play a key role in marketing. C．Language translation is far beyond technology. D．Learning a different language is an uphill battle. 11．What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage? A．Better digital literacy. B．Improved translation skills. C．Deeper cultural confidence. D．Effective intercultural interaction. 12．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI language tools offer convenience. B．AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture. C．AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding. D．AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools. 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能语言工具的便利性与语言学习的文化深度之间的差异，作者引导我们对人工智能语言工具进行批判性思考然后得出结论：人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美。 9．推理判断题。由文章第一段“A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. ‘My favorite food is sushi,’ I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.(几天前，我看了一段我自己说一口流利汉语的视频。我断断续续地学习这门语言才几年，还远谈不上流利。但我就这样，每个字的发音就像母语人士一样。‘我最喜欢的食物是寿司，’我说——我最喜欢吃寿司。)”以及下文，尤其是最后一段中“In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning.(从本质上讲，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习所带来的深度和文化洞察力。)”可知，文章第一段以作者自己的体验引出AI语言工具，然后鼓励对AI语言工具进行批判性思考。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience.(然而，语言翻译是一门艺术，而不是一门科学。为了换取这种便利，将失去一些巨大的东西。)”以及“Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,(在广泛不同的语言（如中文和英文）之间建立一个阶梯，有时就像医生在病人心中架起一座桥梁一样困难，)”可知，语言翻译并不是技术能解决的问题，它远远超出了技术范畴。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of Al, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. (语言教授黛博拉·科恩强调，语言学习实际上是关于理解和联系不同的文化；一些教育工作者主张强调语言学习的跨文化方面，而不是放弃语言课程而选择人工智能。)”可知，学习语言的主要好处是有效的跨文化互动。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry(织锦)that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve.(本质上，虽然人工智能语言工具提供了便利，但它们缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力。学习一门语言的挑战和美妙之处在于理解通过单词编织的文化挂毯，这是人工智能尚未实现的。)”可知，作者在最后一段表明人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美，因为人工智能语言工具缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力。故选C项。 （四） （2024·安徽·模拟预测）Many people view cities largely in negative terms — as crowded, dirty, unhealthy environments that are breeding (繁殖) grounds for disease and crime. People fear that as cities get bigger, living conditions will get worse. To a growing number of economists, urban planners, and environmentalists, urbanization is good news. Many planners now believe big cities offer a solution to dealing with the problem of Earth’s growing population. Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one person who believes that cities bring largely positive benefits. Glaeser’s optimism is reflected in the title of his book The Triumph of the City. Glaeser argues that poor people flock to cities because that’s usually where the money is. Cities are productive because of “the absence of space between people”, which reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities attract and reward smart people with higher wages, and they enable people to learn from one another. In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information. “They value knowledge over space. That’s what the modern city is all about.” Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand. From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. Despite the negative aspects such as pollution and serious problems like urban slums, it is a mistake to see urbanization as evil; instead, we should view it as an inevitable part of development. Rapid growth itself is not the real problem — the larger issue is how to manage the growth. 13．Why does the author mention the New York Stock Exchange in Paragraph 2? A．To indicate the space there is valuable. B．To show how goods can be exchanged. C．To illustrate the importance of information flow. D．To describe what a modern city should look like. 14．The underlined word “champion” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to a person who ________. A．advocates something B．challenges something C．achieves something D．protects something 15．Stewart Brand believes that ________. A．urbanization would be more disastrous B．life in cities is more economical than in rural areas C．public transportation consumes more energy in cities D．people living in rural areas have less impact on the environment 16．How does the author support Stewart Brand’s idea in Paragraph 3? A．By quoting authorities. B．By making comparisons. C．By analysing the causes. D．By criticizing opposing views. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．B 16．B 【导语】本文的体裁为议论文。文章围绕城市化这一主题展开，讨论了城市生活的正面与负面看法，并引用了经济学家Edward Glaeser和环保主义者Stewart Brand的观点来支持城市化带来的积极效益，包括促进信息流通、经济效益以及对环境的相对较小影响。文章旨在反驳将城市化视为纯粹负面现象的观点，提倡应视为发展进程中不可避免的一部分，并着重于如何有效管理城市增长的问题。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information.  “They value knowledge over space.  That’s what the modern city is all about.” (在华尔街纽约证券交易所的交易大厅里，员工们在一个开放、拥挤的空间里工作，分享信息。“他们认为知识比空间更重要。这就是现代城市的意义所在。”)”可知，在第二段中提到纽约证券交易所的例子，是为了说明人们在同一个开放、拥挤的空间内工作，促进了信息的共享，强调了现代城市重视知识交流而非物理空间的特点。故选C项。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。)”可知，Stewart Brand是城市化的另一位支持者或倡导者。因此，champion在此处指的是“倡导或支持某事的人”。A. advocates something提倡某事；B. challenges something挑战某事；C. achieves something实现某事；D. protects something保护某事。故选A项。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。由于城市人口密集，世界上一半的人口可以居住在大约4%的土地上，从而为农田等开阔的乡村留出了更多的空间。城市居民对环境的人均影响也较小。他们的道路、下水道和电线更短，需要更少的资源来建造和运营。与郊区和农村地区的大房子相比，城市公寓在供暖、制冷和照明方面需要的能源更少。最重要的是，居住在人口密集城市的人开车少了。他们可以步行到许多目的地，公共交通工具是实用的，因为足够多的人经常去同一个地方。因此，人口密集的城市产生的人均温室气体排放量往往低于分散的郊区。)”可知，他认为将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。城市密度使得人们占用的土地更少，对环境的人均影响更低，城市居民开车更少，使用公共交通更为实际，且城市公寓比郊区或农村的大型住宅更节能。这些都表明城市生活比乡村生活更经济高效。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. (布兰德说，从生态的角度来看，将人们迁出城市将是灾难性的。由于城市人口密集，世界上一半的人口可以居住在大约4%的土地上，从而为农田等开阔的乡村留出了更多的空间。城市居民对环境的人均影响也较小。他们的道路、下水道和电线更短，需要更少的资源来建造和运营。与郊区和农村地区的大房子相比，城市公寓在供暖、制冷和照明方面需要的能源更少。最重要的是，居住在人口密集城市的人开车少了。他们可以步行到许多目的地，公共交通工具是实用的，因为足够多的人经常去同一个地方。因此，人口密集的城市产生的人均温室气体排放量往往低于分散的郊区。)”可知，作者在第三段支持Stewart Brand观点的方式主要是通过对比城市与乡村生活对环境的影响，比如提及城市人口密集使得更多土地可用于开放乡村如农田，城市居民的人均环境影响较小，城市基础设施更节省资源等，这些都是通过比较来支持Brand的观点。故选B项。 （五） （2024·福建泉州·一模）No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According-to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partially exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期),where you can perform incredibly well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that distinctly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 17．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Making decisions. D．Releasing new products. 18．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing Al in life is effortless. 19．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 20．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To discuss ways to get relevant to AI. B．To explore human emotions AI affects. C．To present arguments AI has caused D．To exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces. 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．C 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就AI是否会替代现有的人类的工作进行了探讨，并表明将会有一个较长的过渡期，而那些愿意学习了解AI的人会占得先机。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns.（通过课程教授如何使用AI的Joc Apfelbaum说，最有风险的是那些可以通过AI更快、更便宜地完成的工作，比如产品成型或报税。）”可知，报税工作最容易受到AI的影响。故选B项。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.”（一位教育家及创始人Shannan Monson表示，前景并没有那么黯淡：“我们没有因为洗碗机的发明就不再洗碗了。只是洗得更快捷、更轻松了。”）”及最后一段中“Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.（Apfelbaum表示这不只关于学习新技能，而是人们需要克服恐惧、与自我竞争，这样才能展现出强大的创造力，因为AI是没有激情和人类的创意的）”可知，可知，Apfelbaum和Monson都认为我们不应该高估AI的影响。故选B项。 19．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线it所在句“As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage.（随着AI的发展，其应用可能不会像我们想的那么快。但那些擅长学习它的人会占得先机）”可知，此处衔接上一句，显然指能更快学习、掌握AI应用的人会在未来占得先机。故选C项。 20．推理判断题。总览最后一段，尤其是引述Monson和Apfelbaum的观点““Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity.（Monson说道：“专注于培养你作为团队协作者和领导者的技能。”Apfelbaum表示这不只关于学习新技能，而是人们需要克服恐惧、与自我竞争，这样才能展现出强大的创造力，因为AI是没有激情和人类的创意的）”可知，在这一总结性的段落，两位专家从不同的角度指出，作为人类在AI的浪潮中应当如何保持自己的优势，从而更好地利用AI。所以最后一段的功能是讨论如何与AI保持相关性。故选A项。 （六） （2024·江西·模拟预测）Survival is every living being’s basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature’s creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It’s the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 21．What does the underlined word "creator" in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Nature. B．Achievement. C．Mankind. D．Government. 22．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A．Be equipped with multiple skills. B．Be appreciative of human’s creations. C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D．Be faithful about the help from governments. 23．What might the writer agree with? A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D．Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 24．What might Frank Marshall be? A．A noted psychologist. B．A retired soldier. C．A film review writer. D．A magazine publisher. 【答案】21．C 22．C 23．A 24．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人类在面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 21．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the …?(那么，为什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开始比创造者更信任创……呢)”可知这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Man”，即人类自身。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could.(我们具备了照顾自己、度过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、更好)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就是为最坏的情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只有这样你才能生存下来)”可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。故选C项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation.(弗兰克·马歇尔的终极生存法则将一步步引导你，帮助你恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你应该做什么来独自生存任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的，有了正确的预先准备)”可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can help you survive the disasters(充分的准备可以帮助你度过灾难)”。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes.(这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活经验的生存指南，旨在教你当灾难发生时的基本生存方法)”可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一位退休的士兵，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。故选B项。 （七） （2024·山东菏泽·模拟预测）The hottest year on record is coming to a close, emissions of planet-warming gases are still rising globally, and the most ambitious climate goal set by world leaders is all but impossible to meet, according to a new analysis by the United Nations. Between 2021 and 2022, global greenhouse gas emissions grew about 1%, the analysis finds. Emissions need to fall as quickly as possible to avoid catastrophic climate impacts such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals. Right now, the world is headed for at least 4.5℉ of warming this century compared to global temperatures in the late 1800s. It is assumed that countries will do everything they have currently promised under the Paris Agreement, including things that some governments have said they’ll only do if wealthy countries follow through on promises to help foot the bill, for example, helping to pay for renewable energy infrastructure in less wealthy nations. If such conditions aren’t met, the planet is headed for more than 5°F of warming, the analysis finds. The new range is ever so slightly lower than predicted in last year’s analysis, which reflects the very slow progress that humanity is making on slowing emissions and controlling future warming. Even the lower end of the current projected temperature range — 4.5°F of warming — is extremely high. And the lower target is likely out of reach entirely at this point — a finding that is backed up by another recent study. The new analysis emphasizes once again that controlling oil, gas and coal operations is key to controlling global warming. It finds that, if humans extract (提取) and burn all the oil, gas and coal currently in development worldwide, countries would collectively emit enough greenhouse gases to basically hit the higher temperature target under the Paris Agreement. That means all new oil, gas and coal extraction is essentially incompatible (对立的) with avoiding harmful warming later this century. Right now, many countries including the United States are still allowing new fossil fuel extraction. 25．What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Limited. B．Invisible. C．Ruinous. D．Controllable. 26．What is a worrying situation the world faces now according to the text? A．Solutions to global warming aren’t clear. B．The world is heading to a warmer future. C．Countries are unwilling to make promises. D．The temperature target is unrealistically high. 27．What is the author’s attitude towards the USA’s current move? A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Critical. 28．What is the text mainly about? A．A new analysis is calling for all the countries to reach an agreement. B．Fossil fuel extraction control is far from a solution to pollution. C．The huge impacts of global warming are predictable but uncontrollable. D．The world is far behind on controlling planet-warming pollution. 【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了全世界在控制全球变暖方面所做的努力还远远不够。 25．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Emissions need to fall as quickly as possible to avoid catastrophic climate impacts such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals.(排放量需要尽快下降，以避免catastrophic气候影响，如无法控制的海平面上升、某些地区无法生存的高温以及动植物的大规模灭绝。)”中的“such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals(比如无法控制的海平面上升，某些地区无法生存的高温，以及动植物的大规模灭绝)”可推知，划线词所在句子表示“排放量需要尽快下降，以避免灾难性的气候影响，如无法控制的海平面上升、某些地区无法生存的高温以及动植物的大规模灭绝”，划线词catastrophic意为“灾难性的，毁灭性的”，和ruinous意思相近。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Right now, the world is headed for at least 4.5℉ of warming this century compared to global temperatures in the late 1800s.(目前，与19世纪后期的全球气温相比，本世纪的全球气温至少上升了4.5华氏度。)”和“If such conditions aren’t met, the planet is headed for more than 5°F of warming, the analysis finds.(分析发现，如果不满足这些条件，地球的温度将上升5华氏度以上。)”可知，世界正在变暖。故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That means all new oil, gas and coal extraction is essentially incompatible (对立的) with avoiding harmful warming later this century. Right now, many countries including the United States are still allowing new fossil fuel extraction.(这意味着所有新的石油、天然气和煤炭开采基本上都与避免本世纪晚些时候有害的变暖不相容。目前，包括美国在内的许多国家仍在允许开采新的化石燃料。)”可推知，作者对美国的做法持批判的态度。故选D。 28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The hottest year on record is coming to a close, emissions of planet-warming gases are still rising globally, and the most ambitious climate goal set by world leaders is all but impossible to meet, according to a new analysis by the United Nations.(联合国的一项最新分析显示，有记录以来最热的一年即将结束，全球温室气体排放量仍在上升，世界各国领导人设定的最雄心勃勃的气候目标几乎不可能实现。)”可知，本文主要讲的是联合国的一项最新分析揭示了全球气候变化的严峻形势。分析指出，尽管有记录以来最热的一年即将结束，但全球温室气体排放量仍在上升，使得世界各国领导人设定的最雄心勃勃的气候目标几乎无法实现，因此本文主旨是D选项“The world is far behind on controlling planet-warming pollution.(在控制导致地球变暖的污染方面，世界远远落后。)”。故选D。 （八） （2024·河南·模拟预测）An overall transformation is needed for the planet to adapt people’s pursuit of well-being. A new study by an international team of researchers explores a Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy as a driver of a transformative process based on a learning society. The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence. In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential. In many ways, our everyday lives are linked with all other life on Earth. According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality. He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ” The current strategy for a sustainable future emphasizes economic and technological progress，but that is not enough. Learning is needed, too. A learning society relies on changes in its citizens’ values, beliefs and worldviews. “How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study. Having an experience of belonging to and being part of the world strengthens people’s sense of meaningfulness and their agency needed in building a sustainable future. The transformative power of a learning society can be a key factor in the green transformation going into all society, in which citizens’ consumer behaviour and ways of living, moving and producing food and energy are organized in new ways. Conceptions of work and the economy can be reformed, too. A sustainable future is not about life becoming more miserable—it’s about life becoming richer and more meaningful as hope for the future grows stronger. 29．Why is Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy mentioned? A．To stress learning to be one with the world. B．To suggest reforming citizens’ ways of living. C．To describe how the theory is being improved. D．To tell if a sustainable future is significant. 30．What is the main reason for increasing global crises according to Professor Salonen? A．The planet is reaching its limits. B．Humans break away from the reality. C．Old ideas of well-being are being questioned. D．Progress in economy and technology is unbalanced. 31．What can we conclude from the text? A．A sustainable future is based on a learning society. B．Humans, societies and the world were connected more. C．Ending the present strategy for future is needed. D．Global crises have resulted in wrong worldviews. 32．How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By introducing a theory. B．By making a comparison. C．By using researchers’ arguments. D．By providing study processes. 【答案】29．A 30．B 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了在一个充满全球危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要，而可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence.(行星社会教育学理论是一种适用于所有社会部门的学习方式。根据该理论，人、社会和世界是一个相互关联的系统性整体。这样的世界观可以让生活更有意义，增加人们的归属感和包容感，扩大关怀的范围，并帮助人们发现自身的影响力机会。)”和文章第三段“In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential.(在一个充满危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要。)”可推知，文章提及行星社会教育学理论的目的是强调学会与世界融为一体。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality(行星危机升级背后最重要的原因是人们与周围现实的脱节)”可知，Professor Salonen认为全球危机不断上升背后的主要原因是人们脱离周围现实。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是后四段可知，我们处在一个充满全球危机的时代，学会与世界融为一体变得越来越重要，而可持续发展的未来需要人类不断学习，即可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality.( 该研究的主要作者、东芬兰大学的阿尔托·O·萨洛宁教授表示，地球危机升级背后最重要的原因是人们与周围的现实环境分离。)”、第四段“He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ”(他说:“当我们尝试全面的可持续转型时，我们需要对现实进行越来越有力和更系统的解释。”)”和第五段““How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study.(该研究的合著者Erkka Laininen说:“我们如何在情感、身体和思想的层面上意识到我们与他人和自然的日常联系，这是可持续转型的核心。”)”可推知，作者主要通过引述研究者的相关论述来说明主题，即可持续的未来要建立在学习型社会的基础上。故选C。 （九） （2024·湖北·模拟预测）In Georgia students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to store memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 33．Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A．Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B．Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C．Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D．Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 34．What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Unclear. 35．What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 36．How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing causes. C．By displaying methods. D．By listing figures. 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在社交媒体和人工智能时代，背诵经典词句的重要性，以及现代教育者对此的反对态度。 33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive(规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis.”（现代教育者认为记忆是空洞的重复，机械和规定的，而不是创造性或思考性的。他们说，从记忆中背诵文本只是将信息灌输到学生的头脑中。这是重复的学习，而不是批判性的分析。）可知，教育者反对将记忆深入青少年的头脑，因为他们认为这种记忆并不能有助于批判性分析。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant.”（背诵让学生体验到文本是一种活的东西，准备被新一代接受。记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。）可知，作者支持背诵。故选A。 35．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.”（在背诵时决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思。）以及“Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes”（记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度。）可知，记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。所以pondering在此处意味着反思或深思。故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...”（ 看看父母们的脸，他们听着孩子们敦促我们朝着马丁·路德·金所说的“深深扎根于美国梦中的梦想”前进，或者像罗伯特·弗罗斯特那样说:“我是一个熟悉黑夜的人”，或者像莎士比亚那样说:“明天、明天、明天……”）以及根据文章最后一段“When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare.”（当年轻的背诵者回到座位时，他们知道他们已经把永恒的词语变成了自己的。那一刻，父母和学生的感觉超越了好成绩。几分钟的时间，勤奋的青少年变成了金、弗罗斯特或莎士比亚。）”可知，作者是通过举例子来说明强调背诵在社交媒体和人工智能时代的重要性的。故选A。 （十） （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve. So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, please stop. Make a conscious decision rather than highlight the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It’s crucial to stay connected to what the other person is talking about, and listen without getting upset, to be an objective observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. 37．What might the author think of people who like to judge others? A．Self-centered. B．Responsible. C．Talkative. D．Warm-hearted. 38．What does a person mean by saying “OK” according to Paragraph 2? A．He thinks the advice is helpful. B．He completely agrees with the comments. C．He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments. D．He defends himself with the response. 39．What is the recommended action for dealing with chronic criticizers? A．Embrace their views. B．Criticize them in return. C．Avoid interaction if needed. D．Engage with them regularly. 40．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Art of Giving Criticism B．Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism C．Dealing with Personal Relationships Flexibly D．The Path to Self-Improvement through Criticism 【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了如何正确地处理批评，无论是作为批评者还是被批评者，同时也提出了一些具体的策略，例如：通过简单地说“OK”来避免不必要的争论，以及如何对待那些习惯性批评他人的人。 37．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.(有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”可知，作者可能认为这些人是自以为是，以自我为中心的。故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.(相反，只需回答“OK”。这个简短的一个词的回应承认了对方的评论，但不同意它，也不觉得有必要就此展开辩论)”可知，对方通过说“OK”意在避免不必要的争论。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.(与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，对于那些经常批评他人的人，文中推荐的行动是在必要时避免与他们互动。故选C。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.(在一个每个人对每件事都有自己看法的世界里，人们对彼此的错误和不完美吹毛求疵，而不注意自己的错误和不完美，这是很常见的。有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”结合文章探讨了如何应对批评，无论是给出批评还是接受批评，并提出了一些建议和策略。故选D“通过批评走向自我提升”最为合适。故选D。 （十一） （2024·广东韶关·一模）The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . The latest fountain of youth to pour from the lab comes in the form of vaccines (疫苗) against age-related conditions— cancer, heart disease, dementia and more. The first of these could be available by the end of the decade. All-purpose anti-ageing injections are also in development. The upsides of such vaccines are clear. Anything that limits the impact of age-related conditions on people who live into old age—not to mention on the loved ones who often end up caring for them—has to be welcomed. They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases. But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. If millions of people live significantly longer, we risk a population explosion on a planet whose resources are already overstretched. If the vaccines merely delay the beginning of age-related conditions, they will only postpone the burden on people and society. And as Nobel prizewinner Venki Ramakrishnan told us earlier this year. a long-lived society is likely to be an unmoving one. These are familiar fears. The common answer is that the goal is increased healthspan. That means people living for longer, free from the diseases of old age, then suddenly declining and dying. We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used, at which point it will be too late to put the genie back in the bottle. But there is really no turning back anyway. If vaccines and other anti-ageing therapies work and are affordable, they will be used. Besides, nobody would argue that innovations like antibiotics, vaccines and advanced diagnostics were a bad idea even though they marked the beginning of our era of age-related diseases. Similarly, we shouldn’t fear life-saving medical advances on the basis of unintended consequences. If we can make lies longer and less painful, the downsides are a price worth paying. 41．Why is the field of anti-ageing medicine growing rapidly? A．The biology of ageing is better applied. B．The trend of healthy lifestyle is rising. C．The demand for longer life is increasing. D．The number of elderly is rising globally. 42．How do anti-ageing vaccines benefit society? A．By increasing the workforce. B．By curing people of diseases. C．By boosting economic growth. D．By reducing healthcare expense. 43．What does the underlined phrase “put the genie back in the bottle” mean? A．To stop the process of ageing. B．To erase the impact of the therapies. C．To create a new medical breakthrough. D．To delay the development of technology. 44．What is the best title for this article? A．Can Anti-Ageing Medicine Really Work? B．What Is the Risk of Anti-Ageing Medicine? C．How to Stay Young with Anti-Ageing Medicine? D．Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine? 【答案】41．A 42．D 43．B 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了抗衰老医学领域近年来因对衰老基础生物学的发现而迅速发展，这些发现已被转化为实验性疗法，其中包括针对与年龄相关疾病的疫苗。但文章认为，如果抗衰老药物有效且价格适中，它们将被广泛使用，且人们不应因担心意外后果而害怕这些挽救生命的医疗进步。 41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies.( 近年来，由于对衰老基本生物学的发现被转化为实验疗法，抗衰老医学领域出现了爆炸式增长。)”可知，抗衰老医学领域迅速发展的原因是关于衰老基础生物学的发现被转化为实验性疗法。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases.( 它们还有望减少对这些疾病日益增加的社会和经济成本的影响。)”可知，抗衰老疫苗有助于减轻这些疾病对社会和经济造成的日益增长的负担，因此可以减少医疗保健费用。故选D。 43．词句猜测题。在第四段中划线词前面的内容“We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used,(在这些疗法被广泛应用之前，我们无法知道结果，)”可知，我们不会知道这些疗法的结果，直到它们被广泛使用，但到那时再想消除它们的影响就太晚了。因此，划线词短语的意思指消除已经产生的疗法的影响。因此，选项B“To erase the impact of the therapies.(消除疗法的影响)”与划线词同义。故选B。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . (近年来，由于对衰老基本生物学的发现被转化为实验疗法，抗衰老医学领域出现了爆炸式增长。)”以及第三段中“But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. (但与所有抗衰老干预措施一样，它也有潜在的缺点。)”以及通读全文，文章探讨了使用抗衰老医学的价值和潜在风险，包括其可能带来的好处和负面影响。因此，D选项“Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine?(使用抗衰老医学是否值得)”能够概括文章的主题，并引导读者思考使用抗衰老医学的利弊。故选D。 （十二） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon. The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day. The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves — to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the essence of active growth. Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out. Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) — disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values. That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation. 45．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2? A．To explain a reason. B．To highlight a point. C．To make a prediction. D．To give a definition. 46．What do the underlined words “walk our talk” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Put words into deeds. B．Display confidence. C．Stop talking big. D．Strike a balance. 47．To achieve effective self-management, what will the author probably recommend? A．Seeking external support. B．Undertaking more missions. C．Sticking to one’s own values. D．Following one’s desires. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Secret Behind Self-discipline B．The Magic of Personal Integrity C．The Power of Independent Will D．The Road to Effective Management 【答案】45．B 46．A 47．C 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是独立意志的力量。 45．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day.(这个世界上的海伦·凯勒们戏剧性地证明了独立意志的价值和力量。但当我们在有效自我管理的背景下审视它时，我们意识到，通常不是戏剧性的、可见的、一生一次的努力带来持久的成功。赋权来自于学习如何在我们每天做的决定中运用独立意志。)”可知，作者在第二段提到“海伦·凯勒们”的目的是强调作者后面提到的观点，故选B。 46．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves(它是我们对自己做出承诺并信守承诺的能力)”可知，划线短语walk our talk的意思是“信守承诺，把言语付诸行动”，和put words into deeds意思相近，故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据第五段“In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values.(换句话说，如果你是一个有效的自我管理者，你的自律来自内心；它是你独立意志的功能。你是自己内心深处的价值观及其源头的门徒、追随者。你有意志，正直，把你的感觉，你的欲望，你的情绪放在这些价值观之后。)”可知，为了实现有效的自我管理，作者可能会推荐坚持自己的价值观。故选C。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon.(独立意志使有效的自我管理成为可能。它是一种做出决定和选择，并据此行动的能力。它是行动的能力，而不是被行动的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是独立意志的力量，因此最好的标题是C选项“The Power of Independent Will(独立意志的力量)”。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04阅读理解议论文 议论文的解题技巧及题型讲解 议论文，有论点，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者想表达的意图等方面着手，考查思维能力和判定能力。 主旨大意题 这种题型考查对议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。 推理判断题 这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。它主要测试逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。 细节理解题 这种题型也是议论文试题的主要题型，要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。 抓论点、找论据 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 注重文章结构，理清文章脉络 把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类: (1)Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question 这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。 (2) Argument/ Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/ Restating the idea 这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。 体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断 能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。 高考模拟再现（阅读理解议论文） （一） （2024·河北·模拟预测）Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone congratulates you on a job well done? Or when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved, you draw a blank? Maybe you have success amnesia. Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of “success amnesia”. People with success amnesia are often successful yet they find it difficult to admit achievements. They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge their results. Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. And, perhaps more importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the chances of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little Blue Engine comes to the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded (搁浅的) goods up and over a mountain. As she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins downwards. Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your partner. If you approach the task with “I think I can” in your mind, then you’re likely to tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before, but you trust yourself to work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task with your head full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult to get the work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you. Confidence fuels success and success fuels confidence. Our achievements provide us with evidence of what we’re capable of, increasing our self-belief and fueling our confidence to do more. Success amnesia reduces confidence. To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia. 1．Which student may have “success amnesia”? A．One willing to help others. B．One refusing to admit his mistake. C．One thinking little of his achievements. D．One speaking highly of his own composition. 2．Why is the story The Little Engine That Could mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the reason behind success amnesia. B．To praise the perseverance of The Little Blue Engine. C．To give an example that confidence can guarantee success. D．To prove that one is more likely to succeed with confidence. 3．How is Paragraph 4 developed? A．By citing a real case. B．By presenting supporting facts. C．By analyzing contributing factors. D．By showing comparison and contrast. 4．What will be presented in the following paragraph? A．Ways to deal with success amnesia, B．Different opinions on success amnesia. C．Scientific research into success amnesia. D．Possible consequences of success amnesia （二） （2024·江苏·模拟预测）The expression “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration (汗水)” is often attributed to Thomas Edison. But as we have progressed into the 21st century, I think we should update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiration and 99% preparation.” Indeed, ideas are shooting around faster than ever, but most are worthless because no one does the hard work to implement them. And as we’re in a service economy now, implementation requires hours and hours not of sweat but of preparation. You must do it all: reading, researching, falling into one rabbit hole after another on the Internet to find the right series of test cases and quotes to make your point, and presenting your idea briefly and clearly. Preparation is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 video of the Perseverance rover landing on the surface of Mars. The onboard camera shows the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure one of the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rock.” In mission preparation, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement of every rock and dip in terrain. Churchill famously memorized his speeches and practiced giving them over and over in his bathtub. Some of this was to overcome his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly to get the tone just right. Nothing was off-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sound like they were read from a piece of paper; they felt stream of consciousness. In his finest hours he showed the value of preparation. But, you may ask, why put in any extra effort? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams for law and medical school, and even the bar exam. That probably says more about how poor those tests are than about AI’s ability. But even though AI can answer almost any question you throw at it, it is worthless in an elevator when your boss asks you what you think about new product ideas or sales prospects in Omaha. The only answer comes from that 99% preparation. Study everything, not only the task you’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Come up with ideas and potential solutions. Work on an elevator speech for what excites you. Don’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling you get from preparation-induced success is better than anything you can buy at a drugstore. Preparation will make you super great. 5．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．The service economy makes ideas worthless. B．Implementation does not take much time these days. C．Ideas are worthless without preparation and hard work. D．Implementation requires more inspiration than preparation. 6．How does the author try to persuade readers to accept his argument? A．By listing examples. B．By sharing his experience. C．By providing research results. D．By referring to experts’ words. 7．What point is the author trying to make by mentioning ChatGPT? A．ChatGPT is capable of passing various tests. B．Preparation can help you perform better than AI. C．Elevator conversations require high social skills. D．Standard tests do not fully represent one’s abilities. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．How we can achieve success with little sweat. B．How we should make preparation for our future. C．Why perspiration still maters in the 21st century. D．Why preparation can pave the way to your success. （三） （2024·浙江杭州·一模）A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi. I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up called HeyGen. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places. AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,” Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience. Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery. In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve. 9．Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1? A．To promote the language software. B．To show off his Chinese language skills. C．To prove learning a language is a wasted effort. D．To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools. 10．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．AI translation deserves more attention. B．Language apps play a key role in marketing. C．Language translation is far beyond technology. D．Learning a different language is an uphill battle. 11．What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage? A．Better digital literacy. B．Improved translation skills. C．Deeper cultural confidence. D．Effective intercultural interaction. 12．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．AI language tools offer convenience. B．AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture. C．AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding. D．AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools. （四） （2024·安徽·模拟预测）Many people view cities largely in negative terms — as crowded, dirty, unhealthy environments that are breeding (繁殖) grounds for disease and crime. People fear that as cities get bigger, living conditions will get worse. To a growing number of economists, urban planners, and environmentalists, urbanization is good news. Many planners now believe big cities offer a solution to dealing with the problem of Earth’s growing population. Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is one person who believes that cities bring largely positive benefits. Glaeser’s optimism is reflected in the title of his book The Triumph of the City. Glaeser argues that poor people flock to cities because that’s usually where the money is. Cities are productive because of “the absence of space between people”, which reduces the cost of transporting goods, people, and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities attract and reward smart people with higher wages, and they enable people to learn from one another. In the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, employees work in one open, crowded space sharing information. “They value knowledge over space. That’s what the modern city is all about.” Another champion of urbanization is environmentalist Stewart Brand. From an ecological perspective, says Brand, moving people out of cities would be disastrous. Because cities are dense, they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land, leaving more space for open country, such as farmland. People living in cities also have less impact per capita (人均) on the environment. Their roads, sewers (下水道) , and power lines are shorter and require fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light than larger houses in suburbs and rural areas. Most importantly, people living in dense cities drive less. They can walk to many destinations, and public transportation is practical because enough people travel regularly to the same places. As a result, dense cities tend to produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions per person than scattered, sprawling suburbs. Despite the negative aspects such as pollution and serious problems like urban slums, it is a mistake to see urbanization as evil; instead, we should view it as an inevitable part of development. Rapid growth itself is not the real problem — the larger issue is how to manage the growth. 13．Why does the author mention the New York Stock Exchange in Paragraph 2? A．To indicate the space there is valuable. B．To show how goods can be exchanged. C．To illustrate the importance of information flow. D．To describe what a modern city should look like. 14．The underlined word “champion” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to a person who ________. A．advocates something B．challenges something C．achieves something D．protects something 15．Stewart Brand believes that ________. A．urbanization would be more disastrous B．life in cities is more economical than in rural areas C．public transportation consumes more energy in cities D．people living in rural areas have less impact on the environment 16．How does the author support Stewart Brand’s idea in Paragraph 3? A．By quoting authorities. B．By making comparisons. C．By analysing the causes. D．By criticizing opposing views. （五） （2024·福建泉州·一模）No matter how you feel about it. AI is here. So, which types of jobs are most at risk? What’s the best way to stay relevant? According-to a Goldman Sachs study, most jobs and industries are only partially exposed to automation and are thus more likely to be complemented (辅助) rather than replaced by AI So, which are the most endangered? Joc Apfelbaum, who teaches how to use AI through his course, says most at risk are jobs that use a process that can be done faster and cheaper with AI like forming products or filing tax returns. Shannan Monson, a founder and educator, says the outlook is not that negative. “We didn’t stop washing our dishes just because the dishwasher was invented. We simply get to do it faster, easier, and with less effort.” Paul Canetti, a professor at Columbia Business School, says that decision-makers and people managers are safe because AI can’t motivate or relate to humans. As AI develops, its application might not be as fast as we think. But those who are well-learned in it quickly are at more of an advantage. Canetti says there is going to be “a long period of transition (过渡期),where you can perform incredibly well at your job by taking advantage of these new tools before the average person does.” Experts agree that distinctly human skills will remain the most valuable. Humans are uniquely qualified there and human-to-human work is going to be hardest to replace. “Focus on building your skills as a team player and a team leader” Monson says. Apfelbaum argues that it’s not just about reskilling, but rather people need to get over their fears and get complete with who they are so they can show up with all their creativity since AI does not have passion and real human creativity. 17．What may be affected most by AI? A．Managing human resources. B．Reporting taxes. C．Making decisions. D．Releasing new products. 18．What might Apfelbaum and Monson agree with? A．We can’t stop AI controlling our life. B．We needn’t overestimate AI’s impact. C．Adopting AI makes humans lazy. D．Employing Al in life is effortless. 19．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．AI’s outlook. B．AI’s development. C．AI’s application. D．AI’s advantage. 20．What is the function of the last paragraph? A．To discuss ways to get relevant to AI. B．To explore human emotions AI affects. C．To present arguments AI has caused D．To exhibit AI’s creativity in workplaces. （六） （2024·江西·模拟预测）Survival is every living being’s basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature’s creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It’s the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall’s Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 21．What does the underlined word "creator" in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Nature. B．Achievement. C．Mankind. D．Government. 22．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A．Be equipped with multiple skills. B．Be appreciative of human’s creations. C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D．Be faithful about the help from governments. 23．What might the writer agree with? A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D．Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 24．What might Frank Marshall be? A．A noted psychologist. B．A retired soldier. C．A film review writer. D．A magazine publisher. （七） （2024·山东菏泽·模拟预测）The hottest year on record is coming to a close, emissions of planet-warming gases are still rising globally, and the most ambitious climate goal set by world leaders is all but impossible to meet, according to a new analysis by the United Nations. Between 2021 and 2022, global greenhouse gas emissions grew about 1%, the analysis finds. Emissions need to fall as quickly as possible to avoid catastrophic climate impacts such as uncontrollable sea level rise, unsurvivable heat in some areas and mass extinction of plants and animals. Right now, the world is headed for at least 4.5℉ of warming this century compared to global temperatures in the late 1800s. It is assumed that countries will do everything they have currently promised under the Paris Agreement, including things that some governments have said they’ll only do if wealthy countries follow through on promises to help foot the bill, for example, helping to pay for renewable energy infrastructure in less wealthy nations. If such conditions aren’t met, the planet is headed for more than 5°F of warming, the analysis finds. The new range is ever so slightly lower than predicted in last year’s analysis, which reflects the very slow progress that humanity is making on slowing emissions and controlling future warming. Even the lower end of the current projected temperature range — 4.5°F of warming — is extremely high. And the lower target is likely out of reach entirely at this point — a finding that is backed up by another recent study. The new analysis emphasizes once again that controlling oil, gas and coal operations is key to controlling global warming. It finds that, if humans extract (提取) and burn all the oil, gas and coal currently in development worldwide, countries would collectively emit enough greenhouse gases to basically hit the higher temperature target under the Paris Agreement. That means all new oil, gas and coal extraction is essentially incompatible (对立的) with avoiding harmful warming later this century. Right now, many countries including the United States are still allowing new fossil fuel extraction. 25．What does the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Limited. B．Invisible. C．Ruinous. D．Controllable. 26．What is a worrying situation the world faces now according to the text? A．Solutions to global warming aren’t clear. B．The world is heading to a warmer future. C．Countries are unwilling to make promises. D．The temperature target is unrealistically high. 27．What is the author’s attitude towards the USA’s current move? A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Critical. 28．What is the text mainly about? A．A new analysis is calling for all the countries to reach an agreement. B．Fossil fuel extraction control is far from a solution to pollution. C．The huge impacts of global warming are predictable but uncontrollable. D．The world is far behind on controlling planet-warming pollution. （八） （2024·河南·模拟预测）An overall transformation is needed for the planet to adapt people’s pursuit of well-being. A new study by an international team of researchers explores a Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy as a driver of a transformative process based on a learning society. The Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy is a way of learning applicable to all societal sectors. According to it, people, societies and the world are an interlinked, systemic body. Such a worldview can make life meaningful, increase people’s experiences of belonging and inclusion, expand the scope of care, and help people identify their opportunities to influence. In a time marked by crises, learning to be one with the world is increasingly essential. In many ways, our everyday lives are linked with all other life on Earth. According to Professor Arto O. Salonen of the University of Eastern Finland, the study’s lead author, the most important reason behind the upgrading (升级) planetary crises is people’s being separated from their surrounding reality. He says, “As we try for a comprehensive sustainability transition (转变), we need increasingly powerful and more systemic interpretations of reality. ” The current strategy for a sustainable future emphasizes economic and technological progress，but that is not enough. Learning is needed, too. A learning society relies on changes in its citizens’ values, beliefs and worldviews. “How we become aware of our everyday connection to other people and nature at the level of our emotions, body and mind stands at the core of the sustainability transition,” says Erkka Laininen, a co-author of the study. Having an experience of belonging to and being part of the world strengthens people’s sense of meaningfulness and their agency needed in building a sustainable future. The transformative power of a learning society can be a key factor in the green transformation going into all society, in which citizens’ consumer behaviour and ways of living, moving and producing food and energy are organized in new ways. Conceptions of work and the economy can be reformed, too. A sustainable future is not about life becoming more miserable—it’s about life becoming richer and more meaningful as hope for the future grows stronger. 29．Why is Theory of Planetary Social Pedagogy mentioned? A．To stress learning to be one with the world. B．To suggest reforming citizens’ ways of living. C．To describe how the theory is being improved. D．To tell if a sustainable future is significant. 30．What is the main reason for increasing global crises according to Professor Salonen? A．The planet is reaching its limits. B．Humans break away from the reality. C．Old ideas of well-being are being questioned. D．Progress in economy and technology is unbalanced. 31．What can we conclude from the text? A．A sustainable future is based on a learning society. B．Humans, societies and the world were connected more. C．Ending the present strategy for future is needed. D．Global crises have resulted in wrong worldviews. 32．How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By introducing a theory. B．By making a comparison. C．By using researchers’ arguments. D．By providing study processes. （九） （2024·湖北·模拟预测）In Georgia students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant poems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience. Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to store memorable words in teenage heads otherwise packed with short videos? English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis. That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. In our age of social media and artificial intelligence, the practice of recitation has never been more needed. Memorizing classic words reminds us that they are alive. Watch the faces of parents as they listen to their children urging us all toward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rooted in the American dream,” or saying with Robert Frost, “I have been one acquainted with the night,” or with Shakespeare, “Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow...” When young reciters return to their seats, they know they have made ageless words their own. What parents and students feel at that moment transcends (超越) a good grade. For a few minutes, hardworking teens become King, Frost or Shakespeare. 33．Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads? A．Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning. B．Memorization is anything but repetitive learning. C．Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads. D．Memorization does no good to critical analysis. 34．What is the author’s attitude toward recitation? A．Supportive. B．Objective. C．Opposed. D．Unclear. 35．What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 36．How does the author stress the importance of recitation in the social media and AI times? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing causes. C．By displaying methods. D．By listing figures. （十） （2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve. So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, please stop. Make a conscious decision rather than highlight the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It’s crucial to stay connected to what the other person is talking about, and listen without getting upset, to be an objective observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. 37．What might the author think of people who like to judge others? A．Self-centered. B．Responsible. C．Talkative. D．Warm-hearted. 38．What does a person mean by saying “OK” according to Paragraph 2? A．He thinks the advice is helpful. B．He completely agrees with the comments. C．He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments. D．He defends himself with the response. 39．What is the recommended action for dealing with chronic criticizers? A．Embrace their views. B．Criticize them in return. C．Avoid interaction if needed. D．Engage with them regularly. 40．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Art of Giving Criticism B．Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism C．Dealing with Personal Relationships Flexibly D．The Path to Self-Improvement through Criticism （十一） （2024·广东韶关·一模）The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . The latest fountain of youth to pour from the lab comes in the form of vaccines (疫苗) against age-related conditions— cancer, heart disease, dementia and more. The first of these could be available by the end of the decade. All-purpose anti-ageing injections are also in development. The upsides of such vaccines are clear. Anything that limits the impact of age-related conditions on people who live into old age—not to mention on the loved ones who often end up caring for them—has to be welcomed. They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases. But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. If millions of people live significantly longer, we risk a population explosion on a planet whose resources are already overstretched. If the vaccines merely delay the beginning of age-related conditions, they will only postpone the burden on people and society. And as Nobel prizewinner Venki Ramakrishnan told us earlier this year. a long-lived society is likely to be an unmoving one. These are familiar fears. The common answer is that the goal is increased healthspan. That means people living for longer, free from the diseases of old age, then suddenly declining and dying. We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used, at which point it will be too late to put the genie back in the bottle. But there is really no turning back anyway. If vaccines and other anti-ageing therapies work and are affordable, they will be used. Besides, nobody would argue that innovations like antibiotics, vaccines and advanced diagnostics were a bad idea even though they marked the beginning of our era of age-related diseases. Similarly, we shouldn’t fear life-saving medical advances on the basis of unintended consequences. If we can make lies longer and less painful, the downsides are a price worth paying. 41．Why is the field of anti-ageing medicine growing rapidly? A．The biology of ageing is better applied. B．The trend of healthy lifestyle is rising. C．The demand for longer life is increasing. D．The number of elderly is rising globally. 42．How do anti-ageing vaccines benefit society? A．By increasing the workforce. B．By curing people of diseases. C．By boosting economic growth. D．By reducing healthcare expense. 43．What does the underlined phrase “put the genie back in the bottle” mean? A．To stop the process of ageing. B．To erase the impact of the therapies. C．To create a new medical breakthrough. D．To delay the development of technology. 44．What is the best title for this article? A．Can Anti-Ageing Medicine Really Work? B．What Is the Risk of Anti-Ageing Medicine? C．How to Stay Young with Anti-Ageing Medicine? D．Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine? （十二） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon. The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day. The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves — to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the essence of active growth. Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out. Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) — disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values. That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation. 45．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2? A．To explain a reason. B．To highlight a point. C．To make a prediction. D．To give a definition. 46．What do the underlined words “walk our talk” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Put words into deeds. B．Display confidence. C．Stop talking big. D．Strike a balance. 47．To achieve effective self-management, what will the author probably recommend? A．Seeking external support. B．Undertaking more missions. C．Sticking to one’s own values. D．Following one’s desires. 48．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Secret Behind Self-discipline B．The Magic of Personal Integrity C．The Power of Independent Will D．The Road to Effective Management 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$