Unit 1 Back to school. Grammar and usage 课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

五大基本句型 By Kari 句子成分(constituent of a sentence) 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 subject (S) predicate (V) object (O) predicative (P) attribute (Attr.) adverbial (A) complement (C) App. 2 句子成分 英文名 说明 常用词类 例句 主语 subject 句子主体（人或事物） 名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等 I am a student. 谓语 predicate 主语的动作或状态 动词 You read the book. 表语 predicative 放在连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征或状态。 名词、代词、形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等 She is a teacher. 宾语 object 动作的对象，承受者 及物动词后 名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等 Mike did the job. 定语 attribute 限定或修饰名词、代词等 形容词,动名词,分词不定式,介词短语,从句等 The black dog barks. 状语 adverbial 修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子，表示说明时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，方向，程度，方式，伴随状况 副词,形容词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等 Run quickly. 宾/主语补足语 complement 对宾、主语进行补充说明，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。 名词、形容词,分词,不定式介词短语等 I find the book very boring. 1. S+V 主语＋谓语 2. S+V+P 主语＋系动词＋表语 3. S+V+O 主语＋谓语＋宾语 4. S+V+O+O 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5. S+V+O+C 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Subject + Verb (SV) Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP) Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object (SVOO) Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC) 1. S+V 主语＋谓语 2. S+V+P 主语＋系动词＋表语 3. S+V+O 主语＋谓语＋宾语 4. S+V+O+O 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5. S+V+O+C 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Subject + Verb (SV) Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP) Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object (SVOO) Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC) 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 1.主语+谓语（S+V） 谓语通常为不及物动词 Animals can’t speak. 动物不会讲话。(主+谓) The sun rises. 太阳升起。(主+谓) Subject + Verb (SV) 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 2.主语+系动词+表语 系动词一般有以下四类： (1)be动词：am is are was were (2)表示转变或结果的动词：e.g.become, turn, grow (3)感官动词：e.g.look, sound, smell, taste, feel (4)表示状态或延续性的动词：remain, stay, keep, seem Self-introductions are important. 自我介绍很重要。 My e-mail address is lin@campus.com. 我的邮箱是lin@campus.com. I became an English teacher. 我成为了一名英语老师。 Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP) 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 3. 主语+谓语+ 宾语（S+V+O） (谓语一般为及物动词 transitive） They can speak English. 他们可以说英语 (主+谓+宾) An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake.介绍通常包括问候和握手 (主+谓+宾) They friended each other. 他们互加了好友。(主+谓+宾) Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+O+O） 间接宾语：指人，是动作的间接承受对象 直接宾语：指物，是动作的直接承受对象 I gave him my phone number. 我给了他我的电话号码。 I gave my phone number to him. I will wave goodbye to my classmates. 间接宾语 直接宾语 主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语 I will wave my classmates goodbye. 5. S+V+O+C 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (宾语补足语位于宾语的后面，用来补充宾语的意义) You will find senior high school different from junior high school. You may find achieving goals difficult. Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC) 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 6.主语+谓语+(宾语)+状语 (SVA | SVOA) 状语：用于说明动作发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 Mary runs every morning. 玛丽每天早晨跑步。 This old phone works too slowly. 这部旧手机太慢了。 She loves dogs very much. 她非常喜爱狗。 Your teacher will help you in many ways. 常用的英语基本句型 (Basic Sentence Structures) 8.There be 句式 There be + 名词 + 地点（时间） 注意：be动词的形式要与后面所接的名词“数”保持一致。 There is a map of China on the wall. 墙上有一幅中国地图。there be 句式 In her big handbag there is her ID card. 她的大书包里有她的身份证。there be 句式 There are some strangers in the street. 街上有一些陌生人。there be 句式 There is a box and two books in the desk.桌子上有一个盒子和两本书。（就近原则）there be 句式 ❹ Analyze the following sentences to see which patterns they belong to. 1) This old computer works too slowly. 2) An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake. 3) My e-mail address is lin@campus.com. 4) Then I will wave goodbye to my classmates. 5) In her small handbag there is her ID card. 主+谓+状 SVA 主+谓+宾 SVO 主+系+表 SVP 主+谓+直宾+间宾 SVOO there be 句式 SV SVP SVO SVA SVOA SVOO SVOC The tips below may help you. They will seem easier to reach. This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal. You can place the list on your beside table You may find achieving goals difficult. You will succeed in the end. 15 1) Tom wants to make a good first impression. 2) He excited found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 3) This afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab. 4) I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. 5) I plan to become an engineer in the future. 6) I am a high school freshman at Changsha No.1 Middle School. 16 Applying the rules Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. 定语 attribute 限定或修饰名词、代词等 代词，形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等 The black dog barks. His name is Tom. The boy in blue is Tom. The smiling lady is very kind. The building designed by her is beautiful. Is he the man who wants to see you? 1. You will find senior high school different from junior high school. 2. Your schoolwork will be more challenging. 3. We will give you more independence. 4. You should listen more carefully. 5. You can join a club. 6. Your teachers will help you in many ways. 7. You will succeed! $$