专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（广州中考真题+中考模拟）-备战2025年中考英语语法+题型练习(中考真题+中考模拟)(广州专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (广州中考真题+中考模拟) （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 1．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 2．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 3．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了升级回收 （upcycling）的概念、与普通回收（recycling）的区别、其环保优势以及通过 Grace 的故事展示了 “升级回收 ” 的实际应用，旨在鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”。 1． 词义猜测题。根据“ For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt”可知，refashion的意思是“用旧的东西创造新的东西”，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling”可知，“升级回收”是一种更环保的生活方式，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and tums them into dresses, shoes and even hats”可知，作者通过Grace的故事来举一个“升级回收 ”的好例子，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Get started today!”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”，故选A。 （2023·广东广州·中考真题）People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past? Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word. Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him. So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker. As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words. 1．Why did dictionary writers read important books? A．To know more about the period. B．To collect words and their uses. C．To understand different subjects. D．To learn to use interesting words. 2．Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past?              A．①-③-④-② B．①-②-④-③ C．③-④-②-① D．③-①-④-② 3．What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past? A．It should be done by historians. B．It was a task of inventing and recording. C．It was long-time hard work. D．It had to use the law-making rules. 4．What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication? A．Be open to the new uses of words. B．Follow the dictionary strictly. C．Use online dictionaries instead. D．Try to create new words. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了过去词典是如何制作的。 1．推理判断题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected.”（当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。也就是说，这些单词以及每个单词的用法都被收集了起来。）可推知词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words-both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used.”、“As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). ”、“Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word.”、“Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.”可知，过去制作字典首先把有趣的单词，日常使用和不寻常使用的常见单词，以及使用它们的句子记在卡片上；然后收集卡片时，按字母顺序（A-Z）排列；其次筛选卡片，根据词典编纂者认为的单词的常用用法将卡片分开；最后是按照硬性规定写下了定义，每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。所以正确的步骤是③-①-④-②。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected.”（对于一本真正的大字典来说，收集了数百万张这样的卡片。）可知过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.”可知作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制，因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们对旧词赋予新的用途，也就是接受词汇的新用法。故选A。 （2022·广东广州·中考真题） Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight, turn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welcome to orienteering! In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the games, you’ll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order. At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game. Orienteering Control Card Culture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by always pointing to the North. Name Start time Course Age Class Finish time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 1 1．What will players carry in the game? A．A map, a compass and a flag. B．A flag, a compass and a card. C．A compass, a map and a card. D．A phone, a compass and a map. 2．Which of the following is a rule of the game? A．You don’t need to mark the cards. B．You can’t miss any of the controls to win. C．You have to find controls in numbered order. D．You must be the first to pass the finish line to win. 3．How many controls has Anna finished in the game? A．9. B．10. C．11. D．12. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文讲述定向运动游戏的具体操作说明。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations”及“At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways”可知，在游戏中，需要携带一张地图，一个指南针和一张卡片。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their card”，可知如果错过了一个控制点，就不会在卡片上得到那个得分，可知不能错过赢的任何控制点。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据表格的控制点有1到5,7到9，以及3到12，可知共完成10个控制点。故选B。 （2022·广东广州·中考真题）When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways. The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well. The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships. 1．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss why people help each other. B．To describe the problems of giving help. C．To introduce the advantages of giving help. D．To explain how we can help others properly. 2．What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Act as a good listener to your friends. B．Learn how to give advice to your friends. C．Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D．Build good relationships with your friends. 4．According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems? A．Keep their problems as secrets. B．Let them make their own decisions. C．Find out the causes of their problems. D．Get help from their trusted teachers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文讲述用正确的方式帮助朋友的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways”可知，文章主要为了讲述帮助朋友意味着什么，怎样以正确的方式帮助朋友。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well”可知，确认什么时候帮助朋友是重要的，“identify”表达“识别，确认”，相当于“discover”。故选B。 3．段落大意题。根据“The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life”可知，第三段讲述帮助朋友接下来的一步是做一个好的聆听者。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives”可知，如果在很严重的问题上朋友不听取你的建议，你应该努力弄懂朋友的感受和经历，努力从他们的角度看问题。可知需要弄清楚问题的原因。故选C。 （2024·广州·二模） ①“Why don’t you ever listen?” “You just don’t understand me!” “You’re of no help at all!” ②Sound familiar? When you’re having a difficult conversation with your parents or friends, accusatory words like those can stop a discussion. As soon as one feels attacked, the defensive (防御的) walls come up, and real communication becomes all but impossible. We focus on the other person’s behavior first, without spending time thinking about and telling why we’re feeling hurt. Here lie the differences between “I” and “you” statements. ③An “I-statement” is a sentence beginning with the word “I” that tells another person how you are feeling in a clear way. For example, you might say, “I feel...” or “I become nervous when....” I-statements are a powerful tool to help you express your feelings to someone else without blaming (责怪) others. “You-statements,” such as those listed above, are statements that begin with the word “you”, pointing out what other people have done wrong. These statements often mean that the listener is responsible for something. ④Why are I-statements important? When you start a conversation by talking about the other person’s actions, you’re sending the message that they’re the problem. For most people, this immediately leads to them becoming defensive and trying to throw blame back onto you. However, starting a sentence with ‘I’ helps us talk about difficult feelings and how the problem is affecting us, and stops other people feeling blamed. This can be seen in the case when you feel left out. Instead of saying “You always leave me out”, you can say “I feel hurt when I’m not invited because it feels like I’m not welcome”. With this I-statement, you’re being honest about your feelings, but you’re not presenting them as something the other person did to you. As a result, the listener tends to experience this as more friendly, opening the possibility of further conversation and hope for a solution. ⑤It’s a simple change, but by being a little more careful of how you express yourself, you may find people are more likely to positively listen to you and understand more about what you are trying to say. 1．What does the underlined phrase “accusatory words” mean? A．Words that attack others. B．Words to explain reasons. C．Words that sound familiar. D．Words to start conversations. 2．Which of the following might be an “I-statement”? A．I know that everyone in the family is busy. B．I am anxious when everything is in a mess. C．I think you are right by telling me the truth. D．I feel sad because you don’t listen to me carefully. 3．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By using sayings. B．By asking questions. C．By telling a story. D．By giving an example. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To encourage people to use I-statements. B．To explain when I-statements should be used. C．To show the disadvantages of you-statements. D．To suggest being careful of others’ you-statements. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要提到了“I陈述”的重要性及如何使用“I陈述”来改善沟通，避免使用指责性的语言。 1．词句猜测题。根据“‘Why don’t you ever listen?’ ‘You just don’t understand me!’  ‘You’re of no help at all!’”可知，“为什么你从来不听我说话？”、“你根本不了解我！”和“你一点帮助都没有！”这些应是攻击他人的言辞，因此accusatory words，意为“攻击他人的言辞”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“An “I-statement” is a sentence beginning with the word “I” that tells another person how you are feeling in a clear way.”和“I-statements are a powerful tool to help you express your feelings to someone else without blaming (责怪) others.”可知，“I陈述”是以“I”开头的句子，是清楚地告诉他人你的感受的一种方法，且I陈述是帮助你向他人表达自己的感受而不归咎他人的强大工具。因此选项B“当一切都乱七八糟的时候，我会感到焦虑。”是一个“I陈述”句。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“This can be seen in the case when you feel left out. Instead of saying ‘You always leave me out’, you can say ‘I feel hurt when I’m not invited because it feels like I’m not welcome’. With this I-statement…As a result, the listener tends to experience this as more friendly, opening the possibility of further conversation and hope for a solution.”可知，第四段通过给出一个当感到自己被排除在外时，应如何表达的案例，来支持作者的观点，即“I陈述”很重要，听者往往会觉得更友好，从而打开进一步对话和寻求解决方案的可能性。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章提到了“I陈述”的重要性及如何使用“I陈述”来改善沟通，避免使用指责性的语言。因此可推测作者写这篇文章的目的地鼓励人们使用“I陈述”。故选A。 （2024·广东广州·一模）One out of every six deaths in 2019 were the result of pollution, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Planetary Health. The analysis, led by a team of scientists, shows that pollution played a role in 9 million deaths globally in 2019. This influence on health is higher than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, drugs or alcohol. Though improvements were made in water pollution in recent years, a rise in air and chemical pollution means the death rate has been relatively unchanged since 2015. Air pollution alone resulted in almost 75% of the reported deaths. “Air pollution is similar to smoking. It damages the lungs, preventing us from taking in oxygen we need for life,” said Dr. Martin, one of the scientists. Another concern is the growing numbers in chemical and heavy metal pollution, especially lead poisoning. High amount of lead in the blood can cause problems with the heart, kidneys and brain. This type of pollution is a result of batteries and electronic waste, such as computers. Some high-income countries have made some steps to fight against pollution. Many low-and middle-income countries are facing the effects, as most of the deaths reported happened in these countries. But experts say pollution doesn’t know borders—and pollution in one country can lead to health problems across the whole world. The scientists who led the recent analysis hope the report will encourage actions from countries all over the world. Suggested methods for change include controlling pollution levels, spending more money on research, strengthening pollution control partnerships and highlighting this problem in the United Nations. Changing the use of fossil fuels—from coal, oil and gas—to clean, renewable energy sources is also highly suggested. In daily life, researchers call for people to control their carbon footprint, such as cutting meat consumption, avoiding waste, or walking or biking as a means of transport when possible. 1．What do we know about the deaths in 119 from the study? A．Water pollution did not result in any death. B．Air pollution played a main part in the deaths. C．People died mainly from diseases and alcohol. D．The death rate has been lower since recent years. 2．What can we do to avoid lead poisoning? A．Deal with electronic waste properly. B．Take good care of the heart and kidneys. C．Stop smoking and do more exercise. D．Have a medical examination every year. 3．What does the underlined word “borders” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Land types. B．Different languages. C．Dividing lines. D．Food differences. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To talk about the harmful effects of pollution. B．To introduce useful ways to deal with air pollution. C．To discuss the relation between global deaths and pollution. D．To advise people to work together to fight against pollution. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了污染造成很大的危害，呼吁世界各国都采取行动。 1．细节理解题。根据“Air pollution alone resulted in almost 75% of the reported deaths”可知空气污染是造成死亡的主要原因。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“This type of pollution is a result of batteries and electronic waste, such as computers.”可知铅中毒是由电池和电脑等电子废物造成的，所以如果想要避免铅中毒，要妥善处理电子垃圾。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“But experts say pollution doesn’t know borders—and pollution in one country can lead to health problems across the whole world.”可知一个国家的污染会导致全世界的健康问题，可见污染没有国界，故此处划线部分意为“分界线”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了污染造成很大的危害，呼吁世界各国都采取行动。故选D。 （2024·广东广州·一模）William Butler Yeats, was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was born in Dublin on June 13,1865, His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry. Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments however were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama. Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition. Yeats is considered one of the few writers whose greatest works were completed after being awarded the Nobel Prize, which he won in 1923. He continued writing almost to the end of his life, producing his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, as there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between these ages. Such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929). After suffering from a variety of illnesses for several years, Yeats died in Menton, 1939. The last poem he wrote was the The Black Tower. After Yeats’s death, W. H. Auden wrote, among others, the falling liners: Earth, receive an honoured guest: William Yeats is laid to rest. Let the Irish vessel (船) lie Emptied of its poetry. 1．What can you learn about Yeats’s family according to Paragraph 1? A．It was a happy family. B．It was shocked by Yeats’s choice. C．It was a typically wealthy family. D．It had an artistic atmosphere. 2．What does the underlined word “inherited” (in paragraph 1) probably mean? A．failed to B．succeeded to C．gave up D．worried about 3．In what order did the following happen in Yeats’s life? a. He won a Nobel Prize of Literature. b. He founded an Irish national theatre. c. He was dead in Menton. d. The Winding Stair was published. e. He wrote The Black Tower. A．b→a→e→d→c B．b→a→d→e→c C．a→b→d→c→e D．a→b→c→d→e 4．What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines? A．Happiness. B．Sympathy. C．Emptiness. D．Admiration. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文讲述是诺贝尔奖获得者爱尔兰著名作家William Butler Yeats的生平故事以及他的文学成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters.”可知，他的家庭是一个很有艺术气息的家庭，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters.”可知，他从他的家庭继承了优秀的艺术品味，inherited与“succeeded to”意思相近，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章内容，Yeats在1890年代末创立了爱尔兰国家剧院，1923年获得诺贝尔文学奖，1928年发表了《塔》和1929年发表了《蜿蜒的楼梯和其他诗》，1939年在Menton去世，最后一首诗是《黑塔》。所以事件发生的顺序是b→a→d→e→c。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Let the Irish vessel (船) lie Emptied of its poetry.”可知，他认为Yeats是爱尔兰艺术届的巨大损失，说明他很钦佩Yeats，故选D。 （2024·广东广州·二模）A broken heart and a sad ending to a long friendship. That's something most of us have experienced, or probably will. After all, it's part of human life. But the experience can be bard to get over. But research shows there is medicine for a heart-broken person. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopeful about your life again. It can arouse (激起) the desire to connect with others. Sad music can help heal (治愈) and raise your spirits. A recent study from Germany found when listening to sad music, people have the feelings of empathy (同情), and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, 'is psychologically healing. It draws you away from concentration on yourself, and possibly towards helping others in need. Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was “beautiful but sad” improved their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously accept the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, if they believed that the sad music would help, they found that it really did. These findings link with other studies that show accepting your sad situation emotionally leads to healing and growth. It seems unbelievable but it does make sense. For example, research from Cornell University found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, encourages people to find a way through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It brings hope. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 3&4? A．Sad music can make people help others. B．Sad music can make sad people feel better. C．Sad music can make people believe in themselves. D．Sad music can make people concentrate on themselves. 2．What does the underlined phrase “going through hell” in the last paragraph mean? A．Hearing bad words used by enemies. B．Avoiding a place to go after death. C．Getting an extremely pleasant time. D．Having an painful experience. 3．How does the author develop this article? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing examples. C．By giving directions. D．By showing research results. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the article? A．How to Find Pathways through Heartaches B．How We React to a Broken Heart Matters a Lot C．What We Can Do to Overcome Discomfort in Life D．Why Listening to Sad Music Heals Your Broken Heart 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普文章，主要介绍了一项研究发现，听伤感的音乐可以帮助心碎的人开始感到生活的乐趣和希望，可以激发与他人建立联系的欲望，有助于心理治愈 1．推理判断题。根据“Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was ‘beautiful but sad’ improved their mood.”和“Sad music can help heal (治愈) and raise your spirits.”可知，悲伤的音乐可以帮助你感觉更好。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“For example, research from Cornell University found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, encourages people to find a way through it, beyond it”可知，接受对生活经历或新情况的不适，并将其视为迈向成长和改变的一步，会鼓励人们找到克服它的方法，因此“going through hell”意为“痛苦的生活经历”，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“But research shows...”和“ Another experiment...”可知，作者通过列举研究结果来发展文章，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了悲伤的音乐有助于悲伤的人感觉更好。故选D。 （2024·广东广州·一模）Grown-ups can’t often remember much about what happened in their early age. As a result, some people think we aren’t able to make memories before we’re 4 or 5years old. But researchers studying early memories don’t think so. They believe we do start making memories at a very young age. However, what we remember about our early years seems to change as we grow up. Researchers worked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children to describe their earliest memory. Then they asked them about how old they were when the event took place. Next, they asked the children’s parents to make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written down. Two years later, the researchers went back to the children and asked them again, “What’s your earliest memory?” Nearly all the children who were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said something very different in the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they’d said the first time, many of the children said: “No! That never happened to me.” On the other hand, many of the children who were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our memories change in the early years, but that at around the age of ten, the things that we remember remain. According to the study, the researchers also found that children’s early memories were often happy ones. However, people used to think that most early memories were about very stressful things that happened to them as children, because bad things stand out in mind. In fact, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the children said they remembered. 1．What do we know about our memories according to the research? A．We don’t remember stressful things in life. B．We don’t realize we can change our memories. C．We begin to make memories when we are little. D．We start to make memories at around the age of 10. 2．How does the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memories are true? A．By recording their answers. B．By turning to their parents for help. C．By asking them again two years later. D．By dividing them into different groups. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The children aged from 8 to 11 in the first interview. B．The children aged from 10 to 13 in the first interview. C．The children aged from 4 to 7 in the second interview. D．The children aged from 6 to 9 in the second interview. 4．What will the researchers probably go on studying according to the passage? A．What children’s first or earliest memory actually is. B．Who is responsible for checking children’s memories. C．Why children remember certain events but not others. D．Whether the earliest memory change as people grow up. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于记忆的研究，研究表明我们在很小的时候就有记忆，但早期的记忆会随着我们的成长发生变化。 1．细节理解题。根据“They believe we do start making memories at a very young age.”可知，研究表明我们在很小的时候就有记忆。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Next, they asked the children’s parents to make sure that the event actually happened.”可知，通过向父母求证，以确保事件是真实发生的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Two years later, the researchers went back to the children and asked them again”和“Nearly all the children who were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said something very different in the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they’d said the first time”可知，在第一次采访中，几乎所有4到7岁的孩子在第二次采访中都说了一些非常不同的事情，第二次采访是两年后，这批孩子的年龄为6到9岁；因此“them”指第二次采访中6到9岁的孩子。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“According to the study, the researchers also found that children’s early memories were often happy ones. ... In fact, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the children said they remembered.”可知，最后一段提到儿童早期的记忆是快乐的，有压力的事情只占记忆的一小部分；由此推知研究人员接下来可能会研究为什么儿童会记住其中一部分的内容。故选C。 （2024·广州·一模）During Chinese New Year, a 40-metre-long balloon loong (the Chinese pronunciation of dragon) was shown in Hong Kong. On January 24, the artwork was confirmed to have broken the Guinness World Record for being the world’s largest balloon loong. The loong is the symbol of power, energy and liveliness in Chinese culture. The record-breaking loong is made up of 38,000 beautiful balloons. It shows a golden light and has a sense of power. “According to Chinese legends (神话), the loong controls rain. Only good weather can produce good crops, so the Chinese have admired and respected the loong since ancient times,” the balloon artist Wilson Pang said. He added that many sayings about the loong had good meanings, which were different from those about Western Dragons. Pang said that the artwork took him much time and the most difficult part was the eyes. He made more than 10 drafts for one eye alone before he was satisfied. The Guinness certification officer was greatly impressed, saying it was one of the most attractive balloon artworks ever. The model of the loong caught many people’s attention. “Beautiful”, “amazing”, “fantastic” and “thanks for bringing us peace” were among many people’s messages Pang received on social media. To thank people for their support, Pang printed 5,000 postcards based on the loong and had a meeting with them at a mall. “To send a warm, loving message to the people of Hong Kong is what I always want to do,” Pang said. “I hope to share what I have learned with young people. I have won many medals myself and I hope to support the next winners in the future.” Growing up in Hong Kong, a place both old and modern, Pang often thinks about how to present the beauty of Eastern culture with Western balloon art. The balloon artist hopes that one day he can introduce balloon works that show Chinese culture to the world. “This is what I am doing now,” he said. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3? A．The loong is powerful and lazy in Chinese culture. B．People respect the loong because it produces crops. C．Sayings about Western Dragons always have good meanings. D．Ancient people believed good weather depended on the loong. 2．In Wilson Pang’s eyes, the balloon artwork ________. A．has perfect eyes in the beginning B．has nothing to do with young people C．is a way to send people a warm message D．is easier to design than any other artwork 3．What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph? A．The beauty of the Western balloon art and works. B．Chinese culture that can be found in the balloon loong. C．Pang’s growing-up stories before becoming a balloon artist. D．Hong Kong, a great place with ancient and modern cultures. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Artist Breaks Record for Largest Loong B．Chinese Loong Stands for Special Meanings C．Hong Kong Spreads Traditional Chinese Culture D．Wilson Pang Becomes Famous as Balloon Artist 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了香港展出40米长巨型气球龙，破吉尼斯世界纪录，创作者Wilson Pang希望借此推广中国文化。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to Chinese legends (神话), the loong controls rain. Only good weather can produce good crops, so the Chinese have admired and respected the loong since ancient times”可知，根据中国神话，龙可以控制雨水。只有好天气才能长出好庄稼，所以中国人自古以来就对龙钦佩和尊重。所以D选项“古人认为好天气取决于龙。”正确，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“To send a warm, loving message to the people of Hong Kong is what I always want to do”可知，向香港人传递温暖、充满爱心的信息，是他一直想做的事，所以C选项“是向人们传递温暖信息的一种方式”符合，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The balloon artist hopes that one day he can introduce balloon works that show Chinese culture to the world.”可知，这位气球艺术家希望有一天他能向世界介绍展示中国文化的气球作品，可知接下来与此有关，B选项“在气球龙里可以找到的中国文化。”符合，故选B。 4．最佳标题题。本文介绍了香港展出40米长巨型气球龙，破吉尼斯世界纪录，创作者Wilson Pang希望借此推广中国文化。所以A选项“艺术家打破最长龙纪录”符合，故选A。 （2024·广东广州·一模）We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (粪便), USA Today reported. The finding came from a study led by scientists from Environment Agency in Austria. The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a poop sample for testing. Scientists found nine different types of plastic in the samples, according to the study. An average of 20 small plastic particles (颗粒) were found in every 10 grams of poop. The particles measured between 50 to 500 micrometers. “The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统), and may even reach the liver (肝脏),” Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research, said to the Guardian. However, the scientists aren’t sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. They’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers’ bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution. In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, an average of 8 million tons of plastic waste goes into the oceans, according to National Geographic. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic items down to the size of grains of rice. Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body? Previous studies may also give us a clue. According to USA Today, 90 percent of sea salt sold globally contains plastic. And even some tap water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it. 1．According to USA Today, what was recently discovered? A．Plastic pollution is worse than ever. B．Sea Salt is not safe to eat anymore. C．Plastic has been found in human poop. D．Animals like birds or fish may eat plastic. 2．What do we know about the study from Environment Agency? A．The volunteers kept a record of what they ate for a week. B．It proved that ocean pollution has become rather serious. C．Scientists from the USA followed eight healthy volunteers. D．Nine plastic particles were found in the volunteers’ poop samples. 3．Paragraph 4 is written to tell us that _________. A．plastic can harm the lymphatic system. B．plastic particles can be a few different sizes. C．plastic particles can exist in everyone’s body. D．plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies. 4．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To ask people to eat healthy food. B．To ask people to reduce using plastic. C．To ask people not to throw plastic bags into the sea. D．To ask people to keep the animals away from plastic. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究人员通过实验首次在人类粪便中发现了塑料。 1．细节理解题。根据文章中的第一段的最后一句“But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (粪便), USA Today reported.”可知据《今日美国》报道，科学家首次在人类粪便中发现了塑料。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中的第二段的最后一句“The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a poop sample for testing.” 可知在这项研究过程中，志愿者们记录了他们一周的饮食。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章中的第四段的第一句“The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统), and may even reach the liver (肝脏)”可知参与这项研究的Philipp Schwabl表示最小的塑料颗粒能够进入血液、淋巴系统，甚至可能到达肝脏。可以推断出第四段主要告诉我们了塑料颗粒可以到达我们身体的很多部位。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究人员通过实验首次在人类粪便中发现了塑料。结合选项可以推断出作者写这篇文章是为了告诫人们减少使用塑料。故选B。 （2023·广东广州·三模）As people get older, the types of friends they have tend to change. As young adults, humans have a lot of friends. With age, they often prefer to spend their time with just a few close, positive people. Researchers long believed that this change was unique to humans, but a new study finds that chimpanzees also have similar trends. One explanation for the humans to get picky about social connections has to do with awareness of our limited life time. “People monitor how much time we have left in our life and choose emotion ally-fulfilling relationships in old age,” says one of the study’s lead authors Alexandra G. Rosati, a psychologist at the University of Michigan. As people age, they don’t want to be surrounded by a large group of negative friends, but would prefer to be near some optimistic ones. Rosati and her colleague were curious whether chimpanzee would show similar features even though they don’t seem to be aware of their upcoming death. Researchers used 78,000 hours of observations made over 20 years from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda. The data looked at the social interactions（互动）of 21 male chimpanzee between 15 and 58 years old. The researchers only studied male chimpanzee because they show stronger social bonds and have more social interactions than female chimpanzee. Researchers found that wild chimpanzee share a similar pattern. “They interact with others in more positive ways as they get older. Younger adults, in contrast, show more aggression（好斗情绪）and were more likely to for mone-sided relationships where their partner did not reciprocate.” says Rosati. For example, the older chimpanzees would sit close to their long-time companions and groom（给……梳毛）each other, while younger chimps had more one-sided relationships where they would groom a friend, but the action wasn’t returned. The study was published in the journal Science. “This aging pattern may be the result of shared changes in our abilities to manage our emotions with age,” Rosati says. “This shared pattern between chimpanzee and humans could represent an adaptive response where older adults focus on important social relationships that provide benefits and avoid interactions that have negative results as they lose competitive fighting ability.” 1．Why do humans change their preference for friends in old age? A．They don’t like making new friends. B．Their friends pass away one by one. C．They adapt to the changes in nature. D．They know their life is running out. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To show the study was done scientifically. B．To show how scientists tried to prove their guessing. C．To show how hard it was to observe the chimpanzee. D．To show male chimpanzee are unaware of upcoming death. 3．What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 4 mean? __________ A．Repay their kindness. B．Take care of them. C．Get along well with them. D．Sit close to them. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? __________ A．People prefer positive Partners in Old Age B．Positive Bonds Benefit Chimps in Many Ways C．Aging Chimps like Us act Picky About Friends D．Chimps Share Similar Tendencies with Humans 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“One explanation for the humans to get picky about social connections has to do with awareness of our limited life time.”可知，人类对社会关系挑剔的一个解释是意识到我们的生命时间有限，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers used 78,000 hours of observations made over 20 years from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda. The data looked at the social interactions（互动）of 21 male chimpanzee between 15 and 58 years old.”以及“The researchers only studied male chimpanzee because they show stronger social bonds and have more social interactions than female chimpanzee.”可知，文中所提的研究的科学性，具有说服力。可见第三段的写作目的是证明这项研究是科学的，故选A。 3．词意猜测题。根据划线词所在句前半句“Younger adults, in contrast, show more aggression（好斗情绪）and were more likely to form one-sided relationships”（相反，年轻的成年猩猩表现出更有攻击性，更有可能地形成单方面的关系）及后面的举例解释“For example, the older chimpanzees w ould sit close to their long-time companions and groom（给……梳毛）each other, while younger chimps had more one-sided relationships where they would groom a friend, but the action wasn’t returned.”（比如，年长点的猩猩愿意坐在它们长期的同伴身边，彼此相互给对方梳毛，然而年轻点的猩猩有更多的单方面的关系，它们给一个朋友梳理毛发，但是它们的行为没有得到回报。）可以推出划线词的意思是“回报”，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。选项D“猩猩享有与人类一样的变化趋势”符合文意。故选D。 （2023·广东广州·二模）In the Three-Body Problem books, Trisolarans, a type of alien, can dehydrate (脱水) their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later. Is it possible that humans could be like that as well? Scientists have now made a new discovery by studying water bears. These microscopic organisms can live without water for decades, according to University of Tokyo biologist Takekazu Kunieda. When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form called a tun. In this form, there are no signs of life, and they can survive pretty much anything. Deep freezing, volcanic fire, the dark space… these tiny water bears just sleep it off and wake up once it’s safe again, said Science Alert. But how do these little eight-legged water bears live without water? Scientists may be onto the answer now. “It’s thought that as water leaves a cell (细胞), some kind of protein must help the cell keep its strength to avoid breaking apart,” said Kunieda. Now scientists have found proteins special to water bears. The proteins protect their cells against dehydration. Scientists also put those proteins into human cells. They found these proteins can strengthen the human cell so that it won’t become smaller in size when losing water, said Science Alert. With experiments using human cells showing successful results, Trisolarans might one day come to be a reality. 1．What can Trisolarans do in the Three-Body Problem books? A．They can live in water for hundreds of years. B．They can protect themselves from dehydration. C．They can help other dead things come back to life. D．They can dehydrate themselves and live in bad environments. 2．When there is no water, which of the following about water bears is TRUE? A．They give up living. B．They become a tun. C．They go to live near volcanic fire. D．They find a dark space to sleep in. 3．What is the key for water bears to live without water? A．Their special cells. B．Their way of dehydrating. C．The strength of their bodies. D．A kind of protein in their bodies. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How humans can live underwater. B．What water bears can do for humans. C．A scientific finding on water bears. D．The story of the Three-Body Problem books. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了关于水熊的科学发现，以及将在水熊身上发现的蛋白质运用到人类身上，可以增强人体细胞。随着使用人类细胞的实验取得成功，三体人可能有一天会成为现实。 1．细节理解题。根据“Trisolarans, a type of alien, can dehydrate (脱水) their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later”可知他们的身体会脱水，可以安然度过恶劣的环境。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form called a tun.”可知，当水熊发现自己身处没有水的地方时，它们就会变成一种叫做“tun”的形状。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It’s thought that as water leaves a cell, some kind of protein must help the cell keep its strength to avoid breaking apart”及“Now scientists have found proteins special to water bears”可知，关键是水熊体内的一种蛋白质。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了关于水熊的科学发现。故选C。 （2023·广东广州·一模）Take your dog for a meal. At more restaurants, including some of the most fashionable ones, dining with animals is now part of the evening’s menu. When locals in Key West go out to dinner, a popular place is an open-air restaurant. On entering the restaurant, they’ll likely see a cat next to a sign that says “Pet the Cat, $1.” For the owners of the restaurant, serving human guests alongside their pets is a no-brainer.  Since they opened the restaurant, they’ve had a friendly rule towards pets, the one that allows pets into the restaurant in a given week. Americans more and more depend on restaurants (they eat 4.2 meals out each week), it’s only natural that the family pet is finally getting into the act. Enter “pet-friendly restaurants” into an Internet search engine and many restaurants come out. Why do restaurants court pets? “Dogs never send their food back,” jokes one owner. The trend（趋势）doesn’t only belong to common places. Many high-rank restaurants also have followed the trend. And there are some cooks making a special effort to treat those with four legs. Lorie Ann,  co-owner and cook at a restaurant named Fish Wagon in Calif, specializing in German and French food, serves a free home-made “doggie burger” and a few doggie “cookies” to non-human guests. Even as more restaurants seek to draw pet owners, they are still the exception. Most local health rules make it clear that pets should be prevented from restaurants and suggest that they be kept out of open-air areas. Still, many officials don’t pay attention to the rules and allow pets to sit outside with their owners. To make pet owners convenient within the rules, some restaurants allow pets to sit with their owners only when the animals are “parked” just outside the designated（指定的）dining area. 1．Why does it become part of the evening’s menu to take pets for a meal naturally in America? A．Many restaurants aim to please non-human guests. B．People have meals out more often than ever before. C．Pet owners want to give their pets better things to eat. D．More and more restaurants have friendly rules for pets. 2．What does the underlined word “court” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Try to please. B．Try to stop. C．Try to clean. D．Try to introduce. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Restaurants please owners in order to bring more dogs. B．Restaurants give more special service to pets than humans. C．Restaurants try to balance between the rules and guests’ need. D．Health rules don’t have any influence on dining out with pets. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Pet Meals B．Petting Cats in Restaurants C．Pet Owners D．Dining out with Your Pets 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了随着美国人外出就餐更加频繁，许多餐厅为了吸引顾客也允许顾客带着宠物就餐的现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“Americans more and more depend on restaurants (they eat 4.2 meals out each week), it’s only natural that the family pet is finally getting into the act.”可知，在美国，因为人们外出就餐的次数比以往任何时候都多了，所以带宠物吃饭自然而然地成为晚上菜单的一部分，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“ ‘Dogs never send their food back,’ jokes one owner.”一位主人开玩笑说：“狗从来不会把食物退回来。”，所以餐馆会取悦狗狗，因此单词“court”指的是“奉承，讨好”，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Even as more restaurants seek to draw pet owners, they are still the exception. Most local health rules make it clear that pets should be prevented from restaurants and suggest that they be kept out of open-air areas.”以及下文的理解可知，最后两段主要是介绍餐馆试图在规则和客人的需求之间取得平衡。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“Take your dog for a meal. At more restaurants, including some of the most fashionable ones, dining with animals is now part of the evening’s menu.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍和宠物出去吃饭的这一现象越来越常见，故选D。 （2023·广东广州·一模）Parents and teachers know how difficult the teenage years can be. Teens have always been known to do wild, even dangerous things. This was thought to be because of the “foolishness of youth”. Now, the new technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act this way. A Work in Progress Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of 6, they are far from fully developed. Only during youthhood our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses(冲动) with the following rules. But a still-developing brain can’t do it well. The result is the changeable behavior seen in teenagers. Pleasure Seekers The studies say that teens probably take risks and behave badly. Luckily, as a brain scientist points out, the teen brain encourages such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life. One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains produce more chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain does. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel more excited about new experiences than adults do. Research also found that it makes social connections seem especially useful. The brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life. Unluckily, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more possible, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent, which can help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully. 1．What can we know about our brains? A．They don’t develop until age 25. B．They are fully developed by the age of 6. C．They grow bigger only during youthhood. D．It’s not easy to act on impulse with developed brains. 2．How does the teen brain help them prepare for adult life? A．By making teens keep off new people. B．By leading teens to make bad decisions. C．By making teens braver to try new things. D．By changing the way teens measure pleasure and reward. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What can be the best title of this passage? A．The teens B．The teenage brain C．The pleasure seekers D．The work in progress 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了青少年的大脑。 1．推理判断题。根据“During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses(冲动) with the following rules.”可知发育好的大脑不容易冲动行事。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The studies say that teens probably take risks and behave badly. Luckily, as a brain scientist points out, the teen brain encourages such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.”可知让青少年勇于尝试新事物来帮助他们为成年生活做准备。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。本文第一段是总领全文，介绍了科学家的发现引出了一个关于青少年为什么会这样做的新理论；第二段介绍了青少年的大脑正在进行的工作；第三、四、五和第六段介绍了青少年可能会冒险，行为不端，青少年的大脑鼓励这种行为，以帮助青少年为成年生活做好准备，可以让他们成功地过上自己的生活。所以A选项符合，故选A。 4．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了青少年的大脑。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (广州中考真题+中考模拟) （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 1．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 2．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 3．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling （2023·广东广州·中考真题）People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past? Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word. Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him. So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker. As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words. 1．Why did dictionary writers read important books? A．To know more about the period. B．To collect words and their uses. C．To understand different subjects. D．To learn to use interesting words. 2．Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past?              A．①-③-④-② B．①-②-④-③ C．③-④-②-① D．③-①-④-② 3．What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past? A．It should be done by historians. B．It was a task of inventing and recording. C．It was long-time hard work. D．It had to use the law-making rules. 4．What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication? A．Be open to the new uses of words. B．Follow the dictionary strictly. C．Use online dictionaries instead. D．Try to create new words. （2022·广东广州·中考真题） Imagine you are in a new city. You ask someone how to get to a bookstore. They tell you to go straight, turn left, and you will find it on your left. In fact, you can also find your way with a phone. Now imagine you are in an outdoor game. You only have a map and a compass, and instead of running down a city road, you may need to run around in the woods, climb over rocks and go up and down hills. Welcome to orienteering! In the game of orienteering, players use a map and a compass to find stations. These stations are called controls. A special flag, usually in bright colours, marks each control. Controls are not easy to find. They may be in front of a big rock or behind a tree. In most of the games, you’ll have to find controls in numbered order, but in some games you can change the order. At each control, players mark a card they carry with them and the card will be marked in different ways ( See Figure 1 ). The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win. If someone misses a control, they won’t have that mark on their cards. They might cross the finish line first, but the next person to finish with a full card will win the game. Orienteering Control Card Culture Note: The first compass was invented by ancient Chinese people. It helps you find your way by always pointing to the North. Name Start time Course Age Class Finish time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 1 1．What will players carry in the game? A．A map, a compass and a flag. B．A flag, a compass and a card. C．A compass, a map and a card. D．A phone, a compass and a map. 2．Which of the following is a rule of the game? A．You don’t need to mark the cards. B．You can’t miss any of the controls to win. C．You have to find controls in numbered order. D．You must be the first to pass the finish line to win. 3．How many controls has Anna finished in the game? A．9. B．10. C．11. D．12. （2022·广东广州·中考真题）When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways. The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well. The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships. 1．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To discuss why people help each other. B．To describe the problems of giving help. C．To introduce the advantages of giving help. D．To explain how we can help others properly. 2．What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Require. B．Discover. C．Suggest. D．Remember. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Act as a good listener to your friends. B．Learn how to give advice to your friends. C．Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D．Build good relationships with your friends. 4．According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems? A．Keep their problems as secrets. B．Let them make their own decisions. C．Find out the causes of their problems. D．Get help from their trusted teachers. （2024·广州·二模） ①“Why don’t you ever listen?” “You just don’t understand me!” “You’re of no help at all!” ②Sound familiar? When you’re having a difficult conversation with your parents or friends, accusatory words like those can stop a discussion. As soon as one feels attacked, the defensive (防御的) walls come up, and real communication becomes all but impossible. We focus on the other person’s behavior first, without spending time thinking about and telling why we’re feeling hurt. Here lie the differences between “I” and “you” statements. ③An “I-statement” is a sentence beginning with the word “I” that tells another person how you are feeling in a clear way. For example, you might say, “I feel...” or “I become nervous when....” I-statements are a powerful tool to help you express your feelings to someone else without blaming (责怪) others. “You-statements,” such as those listed above, are statements that begin with the word “you”, pointing out what other people have done wrong. These statements often mean that the listener is responsible for something. ④Why are I-statements important? When you start a conversation by talking about the other person’s actions, you’re sending the message that they’re the problem. For most people, this immediately leads to them becoming defensive and trying to throw blame back onto you. However, starting a sentence with ‘I’ helps us talk about difficult feelings and how the problem is affecting us, and stops other people feeling blamed. This can be seen in the case when you feel left out. Instead of saying “You always leave me out”, you can say “I feel hurt when I’m not invited because it feels like I’m not welcome”. With this I-statement, you’re being honest about your feelings, but you’re not presenting them as something the other person did to you. As a result, the listener tends to experience this as more friendly, opening the possibility of further conversation and hope for a solution. ⑤It’s a simple change, but by being a little more careful of how you express yourself, you may find people are more likely to positively listen to you and understand more about what you are trying to say. 1．What does the underlined phrase “accusatory words” mean? A．Words that attack others. B．Words to explain reasons. C．Words that sound familiar. D．Words to start conversations. 2．Which of the following might be an “I-statement”? A．I know that everyone in the family is busy. B．I am anxious when everything is in a mess. C．I think you are right by telling me the truth. D．I feel sad because you don’t listen to me carefully. 3．How does the writer support his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By using sayings. B．By asking questions. C．By telling a story. D．By giving an example. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To encourage people to use I-statements. B．To explain when I-statements should be used. C．To show the disadvantages of you-statements. D．To suggest being careful of others’ you-statements. （2024·广东广州·一模）One out of every six deaths in 2019 were the result of pollution, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Planetary Health. The analysis, led by a team of scientists, shows that pollution played a role in 9 million deaths globally in 2019. This influence on health is higher than malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, drugs or alcohol. Though improvements were made in water pollution in recent years, a rise in air and chemical pollution means the death rate has been relatively unchanged since 2015. Air pollution alone resulted in almost 75% of the reported deaths. “Air pollution is similar to smoking. It damages the lungs, preventing us from taking in oxygen we need for life,” said Dr. Martin, one of the scientists. Another concern is the growing numbers in chemical and heavy metal pollution, especially lead poisoning. High amount of lead in the blood can cause problems with the heart, kidneys and brain. This type of pollution is a result of batteries and electronic waste, such as computers. Some high-income countries have made some steps to fight against pollution. Many low-and middle-income countries are facing the effects, as most of the deaths reported happened in these countries. But experts say pollution doesn’t know borders—and pollution in one country can lead to health problems across the whole world. The scientists who led the recent analysis hope the report will encourage actions from countries all over the world. Suggested methods for change include controlling pollution levels, spending more money on research, strengthening pollution control partnerships and highlighting this problem in the United Nations. Changing the use of fossil fuels—from coal, oil and gas—to clean, renewable energy sources is also highly suggested. In daily life, researchers call for people to control their carbon footprint, such as cutting meat consumption, avoiding waste, or walking or biking as a means of transport when possible. 1．What do we know about the deaths in 119 from the study? A．Water pollution did not result in any death. B．Air pollution played a main part in the deaths. C．People died mainly from diseases and alcohol. D．The death rate has been lower since recent years. 2．What can we do to avoid lead poisoning? A．Deal with electronic waste properly. B．Take good care of the heart and kidneys. C．Stop smoking and do more exercise. D．Have a medical examination every year. 3．What does the underlined word “borders” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Land types. B．Different languages. C．Dividing lines. D．Food differences. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To talk about the harmful effects of pollution. B．To introduce useful ways to deal with air pollution. C．To discuss the relation between global deaths and pollution. D．To advise people to work together to fight against pollution. （2024·广东广州·一模）William Butler Yeats, was an Irish poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature. He was born in Dublin on June 13,1865, His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama and poetry. Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments however were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama. Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition. Yeats is considered one of the few writers whose greatest works were completed after being awarded the Nobel Prize, which he won in 1923. He continued writing almost to the end of his life, producing his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, as there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between these ages. Such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929). After suffering from a variety of illnesses for several years, Yeats died in Menton, 1939. The last poem he wrote was the The Black Tower. After Yeats’s death, W. H. Auden wrote, among others, the falling liners: Earth, receive an honoured guest: William Yeats is laid to rest. Let the Irish vessel (船) lie Emptied of its poetry. 1．What can you learn about Yeats’s family according to Paragraph 1? A．It was a happy family. B．It was shocked by Yeats’s choice. C．It was a typically wealthy family. D．It had an artistic atmosphere. 2．What does the underlined word “inherited” (in paragraph 1) probably mean? A．failed to B．succeeded to C．gave up D．worried about 3．In what order did the following happen in Yeats’s life? a. He won a Nobel Prize of Literature. b. He founded an Irish national theatre. c. He was dead in Menton. d. The Winding Stair was published. e. He wrote The Black Tower. A．b→a→e→d→c B．b→a→d→e→c C．a→b→d→c→e D．a→b→c→d→e 4．What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines? A．Happiness. B．Sympathy. C．Emptiness. D．Admiration. （2024·广东广州·二模）A broken heart and a sad ending to a long friendship. That's something most of us have experienced, or probably will. After all, it's part of human life. But the experience can be bard to get over. But research shows there is medicine for a heart-broken person. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopeful about your life again. It can arouse (激起) the desire to connect with others. Sad music can help heal (治愈) and raise your spirits. A recent study from Germany found when listening to sad music, people have the feelings of empathy (同情), and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, 'is psychologically healing. It draws you away from concentration on yourself, and possibly towards helping others in need. Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was “beautiful but sad” improved their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously accept the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, if they believed that the sad music would help, they found that it really did. These findings link with other studies that show accepting your sad situation emotionally leads to healing and growth. It seems unbelievable but it does make sense. For example, research from Cornell University found that accepting discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, encourages people to find a way through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It brings hope. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 3&4? A．Sad music can make people help others. B．Sad music can make sad people feel better. C．Sad music can make people believe in themselves. D．Sad music can make people concentrate on themselves. 2．What does the underlined phrase “going through hell” in the last paragraph mean? A．Hearing bad words used by enemies. B．Avoiding a place to go after death. C．Getting an extremely pleasant time. D．Having an painful experience. 3．How does the author develop this article? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing examples. C．By giving directions. D．By showing research results. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the article? A．How to Find Pathways through Heartaches B．How We React to a Broken Heart Matters a Lot C．What We Can Do to Overcome Discomfort in Life D．Why Listening to Sad Music Heals Your Broken Heart （2024·广东广州·一模）Grown-ups can’t often remember much about what happened in their early age. As a result, some people think we aren’t able to make memories before we’re 4 or 5years old. But researchers studying early memories don’t think so. They believe we do start making memories at a very young age. However, what we remember about our early years seems to change as we grow up. Researchers worked with 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children to describe their earliest memory. Then they asked them about how old they were when the event took place. Next, they asked the children’s parents to make sure that the event actually happened. All the answers were written down. Two years later, the researchers went back to the children and asked them again, “What’s your earliest memory?” Nearly all the children who were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview said something very different in the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they’d said the first time, many of the children said: “No! That never happened to me.” On the other hand, many of the children who were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our memories change in the early years, but that at around the age of ten, the things that we remember remain. According to the study, the researchers also found that children’s early memories were often happy ones. However, people used to think that most early memories were about very stressful things that happened to them as children, because bad things stand out in mind. In fact, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the children said they remembered. 1．What do we know about our memories according to the research? A．We don’t remember stressful things in life. B．We don’t realize we can change our memories. C．We begin to make memories when we are little. D．We start to make memories at around the age of 10. 2．How does the researchers check whether the children’s earliest memories are true? A．By recording their answers. B．By turning to their parents for help. C．By asking them again two years later. D．By dividing them into different groups. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The children aged from 8 to 11 in the first interview. B．The children aged from 10 to 13 in the first interview. C．The children aged from 4 to 7 in the second interview. D．The children aged from 6 to 9 in the second interview. 4．What will the researchers probably go on studying according to the passage? A．What children’s first or earliest memory actually is. B．Who is responsible for checking children’s memories. C．Why children remember certain events but not others. D．Whether the earliest memory change as people grow up. （2024·广州·一模）During Chinese New Year, a 40-metre-long balloon loong (the Chinese pronunciation of dragon) was shown in Hong Kong. On January 24, the artwork was confirmed to have broken the Guinness World Record for being the world’s largest balloon loong. The loong is the symbol of power, energy and liveliness in Chinese culture. The record-breaking loong is made up of 38,000 beautiful balloons. It shows a golden light and has a sense of power. “According to Chinese legends (神话), the loong controls rain. Only good weather can produce good crops, so the Chinese have admired and respected the loong since ancient times,” the balloon artist Wilson Pang said. He added that many sayings about the loong had good meanings, which were different from those about Western Dragons. Pang said that the artwork took him much time and the most difficult part was the eyes. He made more than 10 drafts for one eye alone before he was satisfied. The Guinness certification officer was greatly impressed, saying it was one of the most attractive balloon artworks ever. The model of the loong caught many people’s attention. “Beautiful”, “amazing”, “fantastic” and “thanks for bringing us peace” were among many people’s messages Pang received on social media. To thank people for their support, Pang printed 5,000 postcards based on the loong and had a meeting with them at a mall. “To send a warm, loving message to the people of Hong Kong is what I always want to do,” Pang said. “I hope to share what I have learned with young people. I have won many medals myself and I hope to support the next winners in the future.” Growing up in Hong Kong, a place both old and modern, Pang often thinks about how to present the beauty of Eastern culture with Western balloon art. The balloon artist hopes that one day he can introduce balloon works that show Chinese culture to the world. “This is what I am doing now,” he said. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 3? A．The loong is powerful and lazy in Chinese culture. B．People respect the loong because it produces crops. C．Sayings about Western Dragons always have good meanings. D．Ancient people believed good weather depended on the loong. 2．In Wilson Pang’s eyes, the balloon artwork ________. A．has perfect eyes in the beginning B．has nothing to do with young people C．is a way to send people a warm message D．is easier to design than any other artwork 3．What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph? A．The beauty of the Western balloon art and works. B．Chinese culture that can be found in the balloon loong. C．Pang’s growing-up stories before becoming a balloon artist. D．Hong Kong, a great place with ancient and modern cultures. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Artist Breaks Record for Largest Loong B．Chinese Loong Stands for Special Meanings C．Hong Kong Spreads Traditional Chinese Culture D．Wilson Pang Becomes Famous as Balloon Artist （2024·广东广州·一模）We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (粪便), USA Today reported. The finding came from a study led by scientists from Environment Agency in Austria. The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a poop sample for testing. Scientists found nine different types of plastic in the samples, according to the study. An average of 20 small plastic particles (颗粒) were found in every 10 grams of poop. The particles measured between 50 to 500 micrometers. “The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统), and may even reach the liver (肝脏),” Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research, said to the Guardian. However, the scientists aren’t sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. They’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers’ bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution. In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, an average of 8 million tons of plastic waste goes into the oceans, according to National Geographic. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic items down to the size of grains of rice. Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body? Previous studies may also give us a clue. According to USA Today, 90 percent of sea salt sold globally contains plastic. And even some tap water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it. 1．According to USA Today, what was recently discovered? A．Plastic pollution is worse than ever. B．Sea Salt is not safe to eat anymore. C．Plastic has been found in human poop. D．Animals like birds or fish may eat plastic. 2．What do we know about the study from Environment Agency? A．The volunteers kept a record of what they ate for a week. B．It proved that ocean pollution has become rather serious. C．Scientists from the USA followed eight healthy volunteers. D．Nine plastic particles were found in the volunteers’ poop samples. 3．Paragraph 4 is written to tell us that _________. A．plastic can harm the lymphatic system. B．plastic particles can be a few different sizes. C．plastic particles can exist in everyone’s body. D．plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies. 4．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To ask people to eat healthy food. B．To ask people to reduce using plastic. C．To ask people not to throw plastic bags into the sea. D．To ask people to keep the animals away from plastic. （2023·广东广州·三模）As people get older, the types of friends they have tend to change. As young adults, humans have a lot of friends. With age, they often prefer to spend their time with just a few close, positive people. Researchers long believed that this change was unique to humans, but a new study finds that chimpanzees also have similar trends. One explanation for the humans to get picky about social connections has to do with awareness of our limited life time. “People monitor how much time we have left in our life and choose emotion ally-fulfilling relationships in old age,” says one of the study’s lead authors Alexandra G. Rosati, a psychologist at the University of Michigan. As people age, they don’t want to be surrounded by a large group of negative friends, but would prefer to be near some optimistic ones. Rosati and her colleague were curious whether chimpanzee would show similar features even though they don’t seem to be aware of their upcoming death. Researchers used 78,000 hours of observations made over 20 years from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda. The data looked at the social interactions（互动）of 21 male chimpanzee between 15 and 58 years old. The researchers only studied male chimpanzee because they show stronger social bonds and have more social interactions than female chimpanzee. Researchers found that wild chimpanzee share a similar pattern. “They interact with others in more positive ways as they get older. Younger adults, in contrast, show more aggression（好斗情绪）and were more likely to for mone-sided relationships where their partner did not reciprocate.” says Rosati. For example, the older chimpanzees would sit close to their long-time companions and groom（给……梳毛）each other, while younger chimps had more one-sided relationships where they would groom a friend, but the action wasn’t returned. The study was published in the journal Science. “This aging pattern may be the result of shared changes in our abilities to manage our emotions with age,” Rosati says. “This shared pattern between chimpanzee and humans could represent an adaptive response where older adults focus on important social relationships that provide benefits and avoid interactions that have negative results as they lose competitive fighting ability.” 1．Why do humans change their preference for friends in old age? A．They don’t like making new friends. B．Their friends pass away one by one. C．They adapt to the changes in nature. D．They know their life is running out. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To show the study was done scientifically. B．To show how scientists tried to prove their guessing. C．To show how hard it was to observe the chimpanzee. D．To show male chimpanzee are unaware of upcoming death. 3．What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 4 mean? __________ A．Repay their kindness. B．Take care of them. C．Get along well with them. D．Sit close to them. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? __________ A．People prefer positive Partners in Old Age B．Positive Bonds Benefit Chimps in Many Ways C．Aging Chimps like Us act Picky About Friends D．Chimps Share Similar Tendencies with Humans （2023·广东广州·二模）In the Three-Body Problem books, Trisolarans, a type of alien, can dehydrate (脱水) their bodies. They can then ride out terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later. Is it possible that humans could be like that as well? Scientists have now made a new discovery by studying water bears. These microscopic organisms can live without water for decades, according to University of Tokyo biologist Takekazu Kunieda. When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form called a tun. In this form, there are no signs of life, and they can survive pretty much anything. Deep freezing, volcanic fire, the dark space… these tiny water bears just sleep it off and wake up once it’s safe again, said Science Alert. But how do these little eight-legged water bears live without water? Scientists may be onto the answer now. “It’s thought that as water leaves a cell (细胞), some kind of protein must help the cell keep its strength to avoid breaking apart,” said Kunieda. Now scientists have found proteins special to water bears. The proteins protect their cells against dehydration. Scientists also put those proteins into human cells. They found these proteins can strengthen the human cell so that it won’t become smaller in size when losing water, said Science Alert. With experiments using human cells showing successful results, Trisolarans might one day come to be a reality. 1．What can Trisolarans do in the Three-Body Problem books? A．They can live in water for hundreds of years. B．They can protect themselves from dehydration. C．They can help other dead things come back to life. D．They can dehydrate themselves and live in bad environments. 2．When there is no water, which of the following about water bears is TRUE? A．They give up living. B．They become a tun. C．They go to live near volcanic fire. D．They find a dark space to sleep in. 3．What is the key for water bears to live without water? A．Their special cells. B．Their way of dehydrating. C．The strength of their bodies. D．A kind of protein in their bodies. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How humans can live underwater. B．What water bears can do for humans. C．A scientific finding on water bears. D．The story of the Three-Body Problem books. （2023·广东广州·一模）Take your dog for a meal. At more restaurants, including some of the most fashionable ones, dining with animals is now part of the evening’s menu. When locals in Key West go out to dinner, a popular place is an open-air restaurant. On entering the restaurant, they’ll likely see a cat next to a sign that says “Pet the Cat, $1.” For the owners of the restaurant, serving human guests alongside their pets is a no-brainer.  Since they opened the restaurant, they’ve had a friendly rule towards pets, the one that allows pets into the restaurant in a given week. Americans more and more depend on restaurants (they eat 4.2 meals out each week), it’s only natural that the family pet is finally getting into the act. Enter “pet-friendly restaurants” into an Internet search engine and many restaurants come out. Why do restaurants court pets? “Dogs never send their food back,” jokes one owner. The trend（趋势）doesn’t only belong to common places. Many high-rank restaurants also have followed the trend. And there are some cooks making a special effort to treat those with four legs. Lorie Ann,  co-owner and cook at a restaurant named Fish Wagon in Calif, specializing in German and French food, serves a free home-made “doggie burger” and a few doggie “cookies” to non-human guests. Even as more restaurants seek to draw pet owners, they are still the exception. Most local health rules make it clear that pets should be prevented from restaurants and suggest that they be kept out of open-air areas. Still, many officials don’t pay attention to the rules and allow pets to sit outside with their owners. To make pet owners convenient within the rules, some restaurants allow pets to sit with their owners only when the animals are “parked” just outside the designated（指定的）dining area. 1．Why does it become part of the evening’s menu to take pets for a meal naturally in America? A．Many restaurants aim to please non-human guests. B．People have meals out more often than ever before. C．Pet owners want to give their pets better things to eat. D．More and more restaurants have friendly rules for pets. 2．What does the underlined word “court” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Try to please. B．Try to stop. C．Try to clean. D．Try to introduce. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Restaurants please owners in order to bring more dogs. B．Restaurants give more special service to pets than humans. C．Restaurants try to balance between the rules and guests’ need. D．Health rules don’t have any influence on dining out with pets. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Pet Meals B．Petting Cats in Restaurants C．Pet Owners D．Dining out with Your Pets （2023·广东广州·一模）Parents and teachers know how difficult the teenage years can be. Teens have always been known to do wild, even dangerous things. This was thought to be because of the “foolishness of youth”. Now, the new technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act this way. A Work in Progress Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of 6, they are far from fully developed. Only during youthhood our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing impulses(冲动) with the following rules. But a still-developing brain can’t do it well. The result is the changeable behavior seen in teenagers. Pleasure Seekers The studies say that teens probably take risks and behave badly. Luckily, as a brain scientist points out, the teen brain encourages such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life. One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains produce more chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain does. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel more excited about new experiences than adults do. Research also found that it makes social connections seem especially useful. The brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make us more successful in life. Unluckily, this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more possible, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent, which can help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own lives successfully. 1．What can we know about our brains? A．They don’t develop until age 25. B．They are fully developed by the age of 6. C．They grow bigger only during youthhood. D．It’s not easy to act on impulse with developed brains. 2．How does the teen brain help them prepare for adult life? A．By making teens keep off new people. B．By leading teens to make bad decisions. C．By making teens braver to try new things. D．By changing the way teens measure pleasure and reward. 3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 4．What can be the best title of this passage? A．The teens B．The teenage brain C．The pleasure seekers D．The work in progress 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$