寒假作业04 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 选修一 Unit 4-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题04 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 选修一 Unit 4 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的用法 考点二、动词-ing形式作宾语和表语应注意的问题 考点三、动词-ing形式作主语&动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的异同 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）动词 -ing 形式作宾语 1. 接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语 常见的动词有： admit （承认）， appreciate （感激）， avoid （避免）， consider （考虑）， delay （推迟）， deny （否认）， enjoy （喜欢）， escape （逃脱）， excuse （原谅）， fancy （想象）， finish （完成）， forgive （原谅）， imagine （想象）， keep （保持）， mind （介意）， miss （错过）， practise （练习）， resist （抵抗）， risk （冒险）， suggest （建议）等。 例如： He admitted making a mistake. （他承认犯了一个错误。） 短语有： can't help （禁不住）， feel like （想要）， give up （放弃）， put off （推迟）等。 例如： She can't help laughing. （她禁不住笑了起来。） 2. 动词 -ing 形式作宾语的复合结构 当动词 -ing 形式作宾语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是带有物主代词或名词所有格的其他成分。 例如： I don't mind him/his coming late. （我不介意他迟到。） （二）动词 -ing 形式作表语 1. 表示抽象概念或特征 动词 - ing 形式作表语时，通常用来表示主语所具有的特征、性质或状态，是一种抽象的概念。 例如： The story is really interesting. （这个故事真的很有趣。）这里 “ interesting ” 作表语，说明 “ the story” 具有 “ 有趣 ” 的性质。 2. 与进行时态的区别 作表语时，它是对主语的一种描述；而在进行时态中，它表示正在进行的动作。 例如： The film is moving. （这部电影很感人。）（表语） The gir l is moving the desk. （那个女孩正在搬桌子。）（进行时态） ) （一）单选题 1. I really enjoy ______ to music on weekends. A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened 2. The book is worth ______. It's very educational. A. read B. reading C. to read D. being read 3. Her hobby is ______ stamps. She has a large collection. A. collect B. collected C. to collect D. collecting 4. They avoid ______ the same mistake again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 5. The speech was so ______ that many people were deeply moved. A. inspiring B. inspired C. inspire D. to inspire （二）填空题 1. I can't help ______ (laugh) when I watch the comedy.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 2. She suggested ______ (go) to the park for a picnic.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 3. His job is ______ (look) after the old people in the nursing home.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 4. They kept ______ (talk) until midnight.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 5. The movie seems ______ (be) very exciting.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语应注意的问题 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）作宾语时的特殊情况 1. 有些动词后既可以接动词 -ing 形式，也可以接不定式，但意义不同 reme mber to do sth. （记得去做某事）， remember doing sth. （记得做过某事） forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事）， forget doing sth. （忘记做过某事） stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事）， stop doing sth. （停止正在做的事） 例如： I remembered to lock the door. （我记得去锁门了。） I remembered lo cking the door. （我记得锁过门了。） 2. 动词 -ing 形式作宾语时的时态和语态 动词 -ing 形式有一般式（ doing ）、完成式（ having done ）和被动式（ being done ）。在作宾语时，根据语境和语义选择合适的形式。 例如： He denied having seen the man. （他否认见过那个人。）（完成式，表示在否认之前已经完成的动作） I appreciate being invited to the party. （我感激被邀请参加派对。）（被动式，表示 “我” 是被邀请的对象 ） ) ( （ 二）作表语时的逻辑关系 1. 表语与主语的一致性 动词 -ing 形式作表语时，其语义要与主语在逻辑上保持一致，即表语所描述的特征要符合主语的性质。 例如： The news is surprising. （这个消息令人惊讶。）“ surprising ” 与 “ the news ” 在逻辑上是相符的 ，消息具有令人惊讶的特征。 2. 与系动词的搭配 常见的与动词 - ing 形式作表语搭配的系动词有 be ， look ， sound ， smell ， taste ， feel 等。 例如： The dish smells delicious. （这道菜闻起来很香。）“ delicious ” 作表语，与系动词 “ smell ” 搭配，描述 “ the di sh” 的特征。 ) （一）单选题 1. I remember ______ the door, but it's open now. Maybe someone else opened it. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 2. He regretted ______ so much time playing computer games. A. waste B. to waste C. wasting D. wasted 3. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. A. discussed B. discussing C. discuss D. to discuss 4. The food smells ______. It must be delicious. A. well B. good C. nicely D. wonderfully 5. I stopped ______ a rest because I was too tired. A. have B. to have C. having D. had （二）改错题 1. I forget tell him the news.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 2. The window needs repair.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 3. The story is excited.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 4. She is busy to prepare for the exam.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 5. I look forward to see you soon.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 动词-ing形式作主语&动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的异同 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）相同点 1. 形式相同 无论是作主语 还是作宾语、表语，动词 -ing 形式的构成都是在动词原形后加 -ing 。 例如： Swimming （作主语： Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益。） 作宾语： I enjoy swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 作表语： The activit y is swimming. 这个活动是游泳。 2. 都具有名词特征 在句子中都可以相当于一个名词的作用，作主语时是动作的执行者或行为的主体；作宾语时是动作的对象； 作表语时是对主语的一种说明或描述，具有一定的抽象性和概括性。 （二）不同点 1. 在句子中的位置和功能不同 作主语时， 位于句首 ，是句子的核心成分之一，决定句子的主要内容和语义方向。 例如： Reading books widens our knowledge. （读书拓宽我们的知识。） “Reading books” 作为主语，引出 “ 拓宽知识 ” 这一结果。 作宾语时，位于 及物动词或介词之后，是动作的承受者或对象。 例如： He likes painting. （他喜欢绘画。）“ painting ” 作宾语，是 “ likes ” 这个动作的对象。 作表语时，位于系动词之后，用来描述主语的特征、状态或性质。 例如： The movie is b oring. （这部电影很无聊。） “boring” 作表语，描述 “the movie” 的性质。 2. 与谓语动词的关系不同 作主语时，谓语动词 的形式要根据主语的单复数以及句子的时态等因素来确定，一般情况下，动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： Running in the morning helps keep fit. （早晨跑步有助于保持健康。）“ helps ” 是谓语动词，与主语 “ Running in the morning ” 保持主谓一致。 作宾语时，它与及物动词或介词构成动宾或介宾结构，是谓语动词的一部分。 例如： She is afraid of speaking in public. （她害怕在公众场合讲话。）“ speaking ” 作宾语，与 “ is afraid of ” 构成谓语部分。 作表语时，与系动词共同构成谓语，说明主语的情况。 例如： The weather is getting colder. （天气正在变冷。） “getting colder” 作谓语，其中 “getting” 是动词 -ing 形式作表语，与系动词 “is” 一起说明 “the weather” 的状态变化。 ) （一）单选题 1. ______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. Walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walked 2. I like ______ in the river in summer. It makes me feel cool. A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam 3. The most important thing is ______ healthy. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept 4. ______ English well requires a lot of practice. A. Speak B. To speak C. Speaking D. Spoken 5. The result of the test is ______ disappointing. A. real B. realize C. reality D. really （二）单句语法填空题 1. ______ (write) diaries in English is a good way to improve our writing skills.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 2. She hates ______ (do) the housework, but she has to.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 3. The main task is ______ (finish) the project on time.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 4. ______ (sing) in the choir gives her a lot of pleasure.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 5. I don't mind ______ (wait) for a while.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 Just like 1 (speak) language, body language varies from culture 2 culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way 3 is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact in some 4 (country) is a way to display interest, while men and women are not 5 (social) permitted to make eye contact in many Middle Eastern countries. Also, you should avoid 6 (make) a gesture of “OK” in Brazil and Germany as it is not considered polite. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no” and 7 (nod) one’s head means “yes”. By comparison, the gestures have 8 opposite meaning in Bulgaria and southern Albania. Smiling has many different uses. A smile can help us get 9 difficult situations, find friends in a world of strangers or break down barriers. If we’re feeling down or lonely, there’s nothing 10 (good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 语法填空 About three years ago, I experienced something unforgettable. One day, my two brothers and I were returning from an island trip when we were suddenly 1 (trap) by a terrible storm. A huge wave hit our boat, and my younger brother 2 (fall) into the sea. With the wind and waves pushing us, we were being swept in the 3 (direct) of a whirlpool. As we approached the edge of the whirlpool, I felt strangely 4 (calm) than before. Suddenly, we went over the edge, and for a moment, I thought my life was over. 5 , I was still safe. The boat was caught inside the whirlpool, and we were spinning around at great speed. I noticed that heavier objects in the whirlpool sank more quickly than lighter ones. I tried to make my brother 6 (understand) that we needed to act quickly, but he was too frightened 7 (and) stayed in the boat. Without 8 (wait), I jumped into the sea to try and escape. Some time after I left the boat with my brother still in it, it 9 (pull) into the bottom of the whirlpool. Just then, the sky cleared, the wind calmed, and the moon began to shine. In the end, a rescue boat picked me up, and I was safe. This experience taught me a valuable lesson about life. It is important to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. Often, our attitude 10 (determine) how we respond to challenges and difficulties. People who remain positive and focused on solutions tend to overcome obstacles more easily than those who give in to fear and negativity. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different cultures communicate in very different ways. In Asia, people use 1 (variety) of body language, facial expressions, and silence 2 (express) meaning. In the West, speaking directly is not only normal but valued. People place 3 (much) focus on the actual words being used than on nonverbal cues (暗示), In China, it is common for someone to smile when they don’t understand something. This could be 4 (confuse) for a Westerner who might think this means the listener understands and agrees with 5 is being said. Another communicative feature, 6 is viewed differently across the world, is interruption. However, in some African countries, it is viewed as a means to join and 7 (active) participate in the conversation. Even within 8 same continent, manners can vary from culture to culture. For example, in the UK, it is very common to say “please” and “thank you” to someone 9 (serve) you in a shop or restaurant, but in Spain, these terms 10 (hear) less often. 一、阅读理解 （2024·浙江·高考真题）Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 1．Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A．David Kisor. B．Joe McDonough. C．Nathan Turner. D．Robbie McMath. 2．What can we learn about the two actors? A．They study in the same school. B．They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C．They are experienced on stage. D．They became friends ten years ago. 3．What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A．Research funding. B．Training opportunities. C．Technical support. D．Educational resources. 二、语法填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 三、书信写作 （2023·全国·高考真题）  假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意：   1. 写作词数应为80个左右；   2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 选修一 Unit 4 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的用法 考点二、动词-ing形式作宾语和表语应注意的问题 考点三、动词-ing形式作主语&动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的异同 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的用法 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）动词 -ing 形式作宾语 1. 接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词及短语 常见的动词有： admit （承认）， appreciate （感激）， avoid （避免）， consider （考虑）， delay （推迟）， deny （否认）， enjoy （喜欢）， escape （逃脱）， excuse （原谅）， fancy （想象）， finish （完成）， forgive （原谅）， imagine （想象）， keep （保持）， mind （介意）， miss （错过）， practise （练习）， resist （抵抗）， risk （冒险）， suggest （建议）等。 例如： He admitted making a mistake. （他承认犯了一个错误。） 短语有： can't help （禁不住）， feel like （想要）， give up （放弃）， put off （推迟）等。 例如： She can't help laughing. （她禁不住笑了起来。） 2. 动词 -ing 形式作宾语的复合结构 当动词 -ing 形式作宾语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是带有物主代词或名词所有格的其他成分。 例如： I don't mind him/his coming late. （我不介意他迟到。） （二）动词 -ing 形式作表语 1. 表示抽象概念或特征 动词 - ing 形式作表语时，通常用来表示主语所具有的特征、性质或状态，是一种抽象的概念。 例如： The story is really interesting. （这个故事真的很有趣。）这里 “ interesting ” 作表语，说明 “ the story” 具有 “ 有趣 ” 的性质。 2. 与进行时态的区别 作表语时，它是对主语的一种描述；而在进行时态中，它表示正在进行的动作。 例如： The film is moving. （这部电影很感人。）（表语） The gir l is moving the desk. （那个女孩正在搬桌子。）（进行时态） ) （一）单选题 1. I really enjoy ______ to music on weekends. A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened 答案：B 解析：“enjoy doing sth.” 表示 “喜欢做某事”，所以选 B。 2. The book is worth ______. It's very educational. A. read B. reading C. to read D. being read 答案：B 解析：“be worth doing sth.” 表示 “值得做某事”，这里用主动形式表示被动意义，所以选 B。 3. Her hobby is ______ stamps. She has a large collection. A. collect B. collected C. to collect D. collecting 答案：D 解析：“is” 后面接表语，动词 -ing 形式 “collecting” 作表语，表示 “她的爱好是集邮”，所以选 D。 4. They avoid ______ the same mistake again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 答案：C 解析：“avoid doing sth.” 表示 “避免做某事”，所以选 C。 5. The speech was so ______ that many people were deeply moved. A. inspiring B. inspired C. inspire D. to inspire 答案：A 解析：“inspiring” 表示 “鼓舞人心的”，作表语修饰 “the speech”，所以选 A。 （二）填空题 1. I can't help ______ (laugh) when I watch the comedy.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：laughing 解析：“can't help doing sth.” 表示 “禁不住做某事”，所以填 “laughing”。 2. She suggested ______ (go) to the park for a picnic.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：going 解析：“suggest doing sth.” 表示 “建议做某事”，所以填 “going”。 3. His job is ______ (look) after the old people in the nursing home.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：looking after 解析：“is” 后面接表语，动词 -ing 形式 “looking after” 作表语，表示 “他的工作是照顾养老院的老人”，所以填 “looking after”。 4. They kept ______ (talk) until midnight.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：talking 解析：“keep doing sth.” 表示 “一直做某事”，所以填 “talking”。 5. The movie seems ______ (be) very exciting.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：to be 解析：“seem to be...” 表示 “似乎是…”，所以填 “to be”。 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语应注意的问题 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 （一）作宾语时的特殊情况 1. 有些动词后既可以接动词 -ing 形式，也可以接不定式，但意义不同 例如： reme mber to do sth. （记得去做某事）， remember doing sth. （记得做过某事） forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事）， forget doing sth. （忘记做过某事） stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事）， stop doing sth. （停止正在做的事） try to do sth. （努力去做某事）， try doing sth. （尝试做某事） regret to do sth. （遗憾地去做某事）， regret doing sth. （后悔做了某事） 例如： I remembered to lock the door. （我记得去锁门了。） I remembered lo cking the door. （我记得锁过门了。） 2. 动词 -ing 形式作宾语时的时态和语态 动词 -ing 形式有一般式（ doing ）、完成式（ having done ）和被动式（ being done ）。在作宾语时，根据语境和语义选择合适的形式。 例如： He denied having seen the man. （他否认见过那个人。）（完成式，表示在否认之前已经完成的动作） I appreciate being invited to the party. （我感激被邀请参加派对。）（被动式，表示 “我” 是被邀请的对象 ） （二）作表语时的逻辑关系 1. 表语与主语的一致性 动词 -ing 形式作表语时，其语义要与主语在逻辑上保持一致，即表语所描述的特征要符合主语的性质。 例如： The news is surprising. （这个消息令人惊讶。）“ surprising ” 与 “ the news ” 在逻辑上是相符的 ，消息具有令人惊讶的特征。 2. 与系动词的搭配 常见的与动词 - ing 形式作表语搭配的系动词有 be ， look ， sound ， smell ， taste ， feel 等。 例如： The dish smells delicious. （这道菜闻起来很香。）“ delicious ” 作表语，与系动词 “ smell ” 搭配，描述 “ the di sh” 的特征。 ) （一）单选题 1. I remember ______ the door, but it's open now. Maybe someone else opened it. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 答案：C 解析：“remember doing sth.” 表示 “记得做过某事”，这里表示记得锁过门了，所以选 C。 2. He regretted ______ so much time playing computer games. A. waste B. to waste C. wasting D. wasted 答案：C 解析：“regret doing sth.” 表示 “后悔做了某事”，这里后悔浪费时间玩电脑游戏，所以选 C。 3. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. A. discussed B. discussing C. discuss D. to discuss 答案：A 解析：“The problem discussed...” 表示 “被讨论的问题”，这里 “discussed” 是动词 -ing 形式的被动式作定语，修饰 “the problem”，所以选 A。 4. The food smells ______. It must be delicious. A. well B. good C. nicely D. wonderfully 答案：B 解析：“smell” 是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，“good” 表示 “好的”，所以选 B。 5. I stopped ______ a rest because I was too tired. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 答案：B 解析：“stop to do sth.” 表示 “停下来去做某事”，这里停下来去休息，所以选 B。 （二）改错题 1. I forget tell him the news.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：forget tell 应改为 forget to tell。 解析：“forget to do sth.” 表示 “忘记去做某事”，这里表示忘记去告诉他这个消息，所以改为 “forget to tell”。 2. The window needs repair.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：repair 应改为 repairing。 解析：“need doing sth.” 表示 “需要被做某事”，这里表示窗户需要被修理，所以改为 “repairing”。 3. The story is excited.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：excited 应改为 exciting。 解析：“exciting” 表示 “令人兴奋的”，用来修饰 “the story”，而 “excited” 表示 “感到兴奋的”，所以改为 “exciting”。 4. She is busy to prepare for the exam.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：to prepare 应改为 preparing。 解析：“be busy doing sth.” 表示 “忙于做某事”，所以改为 “preparing”。 5. I look forward to see you soon.（错误之处并改正） _________________________________________________________________ 答案：错误之处：see 应改为 seeing。 解析：“look forward to doing sth.” 表示 “期待做某事”，所以改为 “seeing”。 动词-ing形式作主语&动词-ing形式作宾语和表语的异同 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 （一）相同点 1. 形式相同 无论是作主语 还是作宾语、表语，动词 -ing 形式的构成都是在动词原形后加 -ing 。 例如： Swimming （作主语： Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益。） 作宾语： I enjoy swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 作表语： The activit y is swimming. 这个活动是游泳。 2. 都具有名词特征 在句子中都可以相当于一个名词的作用，作主语时是动作的执行者或行为的主体；作宾语时是动作的对象； 作表语时是对主语的一种说明或描述，具有一定的抽象性和概括性。 （二）不同点 1. 在句子中的位置和功能不同 作主语时， 位于句首 ，是句子的核心成分之一，决定句子的主要内容和语义方向。 例如： Reading books widens our knowledge. （读书拓宽我们的知识。） “Reading books” 作为主语，引出 “ 拓宽知识 ” 这一结果。 作宾语时，位于 及物动词或介词之后，是动作的承受者或对象。 例如： He likes painting. （他喜欢绘画。）“ painting ” 作宾语，是 “ likes ” 这个动作的对象。 作表语时，位于系动词之后，用来描述主语的特征、状态或性质。 例如： The movie is b oring. （这部电影很无聊。） “boring” 作表语，描述 “the movie” 的性质。 2. 与谓语动词的关系不同 作主语时，谓语动词 的形式要根据主语的单复数以及句子的时态等因素来确定，一般情况下，动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： Running in the morning helps keep fit. （早晨跑步有助于保持健康。）“ helps ” 是谓语动词，与主语 “ Running in the morning ” 保持主谓一致。 作宾语时，它与及物动词或介词构成动宾或介宾结构，是谓语动词的一部分。 例如： She is afraid of speaking in public. （她害怕在公众场合讲话。）“ speaking ” 作宾语，与 “ is afraid of ” 构成谓语部分。 作表语时，与系动词共同构成谓语，说明主语的情况。 例如： The weather is getting colder. （天气正在变冷。） “getting colder” 作谓语，其中 “getting” 是动词 -ing 形式作表语，与系动词 “is” 一起说明 “the weather” 的状态变化。 ) （一）单选题 1. ______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. Walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walked 答案：B 解析：“Walking” 作主语，表示 “散步是一种对年轻人和老年人都很好的锻炼形式”，所以选 B。 2. I like ______ in the river in summer. It makes me feel cool. A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam 答案：B 解析：“like doing sth.” 表示 “喜欢做某事”，这里 “swimming” 作宾语，所以选 B。 3. The most important thing is ______ healthy. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept 答案：A 解析：“is” 后面接表语，“to keep healthy” 作表语，表示 “最重要的事情是保持健康”，这里用动词不定式作表语，所以选 A。 4. ______ English well requires a lot of practice. A. Speak B. To speak C. Speaking D. Spoken 答案：C 解析：“Speaking English well” 作主语，表示 “说好英语需要大量练习”，所以选 C。 5. The result of the test is ______ disappointing. A. real B. realize C. reality D. really 答案：D 解析：“really” 是副词，修饰形容词 “disappointing”，这里 “disappointing” 作表语，所以选 D。 （二）单句语法填空题 1. ______ (write) diaries in English is a good way to improve our writing skills.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：Writing 解析：“Writing diaries in English” 作主语，表示 “用英语写日记”，动词 -ing 形式作主语，所以填 “Writing”。 2. She hates ______ (do) the housework, but she has to.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：doing 解析：“hate doing sth.” 表示 “讨厌做某事”，所以填 “doing”。 3. The main task is ______ (finish) the project on time.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：to finish 解析：“is” 后面接表语，“to finish the project on time” 作表语，表示 “主要任务是按时完成项目”，所以填 “to finish”。 4. ______ (sing) in the choir gives her a lot of pleasure.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：Singing 解析：“Singing in the choir” 作主语，表示 “在唱诗班唱歌”，所以填 “Singing”。 5. I don't mind ______ (wait) for a while.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 答案：waiting 解析：“don't mind doing sth.” 表示 “不介意做某事”，所以填 “waiting”。 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。 Just like 1 (speak) language, body language varies from culture 2 culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way 3 is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact in some 4 (country) is a way to display interest, while men and women are not 5 (social) permitted to make eye contact in many Middle Eastern countries. Also, you should avoid 6 (make) a gesture of “OK” in Brazil and Germany as it is not considered polite. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no” and 7 (nod) one’s head means “yes”. By comparison, the gestures have 8 opposite meaning in Bulgaria and southern Albania. Smiling has many different uses. A smile can help us get 9 difficult situations, find friends in a world of strangers or break down barriers. If we’re feeling down or lonely, there’s nothing 10 (good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 【答案】 1．spoken 2．to 3．that/which 4．countries 5．socially 6．making 7．nodding 8．the 9．through 10．better 【导语】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言因文化不同而表示不同的含义。本文主要讲述了同一种肢体语言在不用国家所表示的不同的含义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中为作定语，修饰名词language，speak与名词language为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词作定语，spoken language意为“口语”，故填spoken。 2．考查介词。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。此处是固定搭配：from culture to culture意为“不同文化之间”。故填to。 3．考查定语从句。句意：最重要的是，使用肢体语言的方式要适合你所处的文化。空处引导定语从句，先行词way，指物，在从句作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 4．考查名词的数。句意：例如，在一些国家，眼神交流是一种表示兴趣的方式，而在许多中东国家，男性和女性是不允许眼神交流的。根据上文some可知应用复数形式。故填countries。 5．考查副词。句意：例如，在一些国家，眼神交流是一种表示兴趣的方式，而在许多中东国家，男性和女性是不允许眼神交流的。空处修饰动词permitted，用副词socially，作状语。故填socially。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做“OK”的手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。短语avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”。故填making。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。作主语应用动名词形式。故填nodding。 8．考查冠词。句意：相比之下，这些手势在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部有着相反的含义。此处是固定搭配：the opposite意为“相反的”。故填the。 9．考查介词。句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友，或者打破障碍。此处是固定搭配：get through意为“通过”。故填through。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。此处为否定词+比较级相当于最高级含义。根据后文的than可知，空处用形容词的比较级。故填better。 语法填空 About three years ago, I experienced something unforgettable. One day, my two brothers and I were returning from an island trip when we were suddenly 1 (trap) by a terrible storm. A huge wave hit our boat, and my younger brother 2 (fall) into the sea. With the wind and waves pushing us, we were being swept in the 3 (direct) of a whirlpool. As we approached the edge of the whirlpool, I felt strangely 4 (calm) than before. Suddenly, we went over the edge, and for a moment, I thought my life was over. 5 , I was still safe. The boat was caught inside the whirlpool, and we were spinning around at great speed. I noticed that heavier objects in the whirlpool sank more quickly than lighter ones. I tried to make my brother 6 (understand) that we needed to act quickly, but he was too frightened 7 (and) stayed in the boat. Without 8 (wait), I jumped into the sea to try and escape. Some time after I left the boat with my brother still in it, it 9 (pull) into the bottom of the whirlpool. Just then, the sky cleared, the wind calmed, and the moon began to shine. In the end, a rescue boat picked me up, and I was safe. This experience taught me a valuable lesson about life. It is important to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. Often, our attitude 10 (determine) how we respond to challenges and difficulties. People who remain positive and focused on solutions tend to overcome obstacles more easily than those who give in to fear and negativity. 【答案】 1．trapped 2．fell 3．direction 4．calmer 5．But 6．understand 7．and 8．waiting 9．was pulled 10．determines 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了大约三年前，作者经历了一件难忘的事。 1．考查语态。句意：一天，我和两个兄弟从岛上旅行回来，突然被一场可怕的风暴困住了。be trapped by被困，为固定短语。故填trapped。 2．考查时态。句意：一个巨浪击中了我们的船，我弟弟掉进了海里。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填fell。 3．考查名词。句意：在风浪的推动下，我们被卷向了漩涡的方向。in the direction of朝……方向。故填direction。 4．考查比较级。句意：当我们接近漩涡的边缘时，我奇怪地感到比以前平静多了。根据than可知，用比较级。故填calmer。 5．考查连词。句意：但我还是安全的。前后语意为转折关系，连词为but，首字母大写。故填But。 6．考查动词。句意：我试图让我哥哥明白我们需要迅速采取行动，但他太害怕了，呆在船上。make sb do sth使某人做某事。understand作宾语补足语。故填understand。 7．考查连词。句意：我试图让我哥哥明白我们需要迅速采取行动，但他太害怕了，呆在船上。前后为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 8．考查动名词。句意：没有等待，我跳进海里试图逃生。动名词waiting作介词Without的宾语。故填waiting。 9．考查时态语态。句意：我离开船后不久，我哥哥还在船上，船被卷进了漩涡的底部。陈述过去的动作，为一般过去时，it与pull为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was pulled。 10．考查时态。句意：通常，我们的态度决定了我们如何应对挑战和困难。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填determines。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Different cultures communicate in very different ways. In Asia, people use 1 (variety) of body language, facial expressions, and silence 2 (express) meaning. In the West, speaking directly is not only normal but valued. People place 3 (much) focus on the actual words being used than on nonverbal cues (暗示), In China, it is common for someone to smile when they don’t understand something. This could be 4 (confuse) for a Westerner who might think this means the listener understands and agrees with 5 is being said. Another communicative feature, 6 is viewed differently across the world, is interruption. However, in some African countries, it is viewed as a means to join and 7 (active) participate in the conversation. Even within 8 same continent, manners can vary from culture to culture. For example, in the UK, it is very common to say “please” and “thank you” to someone 9 (serve) you in a shop or restaurant, but in Spain, these terms 10 (hear) less often. 【答案】 1．varieties 2．to express 3．more 4．confusing 5．what 6．which 7．actively 8．the 9．serving 10．are heard 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不同的文化以不同的方式交流。在非语言交流方面，亚洲人使用各种肢体语言、面部表情和沉默来表达意思。 1．考查名词复数。句意：在非语言交流方面，亚洲人使用各种肢体语言、面部表情和沉默来表达意思。表示“各种各样的”短语为varieties of。故填varieties。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在非语言交流方面，亚洲人使用各种肢体语言、面部表情和沉默来表达意思。分析句子结构可知，express在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to express。 3．考查比较级。句意：比起非语言暗示，人们更关注实际使用的词语。根据后文than on nonverbal cues可知，应用比较级。故填more。 4．考查形容词。句意：这可能会让西方人感到困惑，他们可能会认为这意味着听者理解并同意所说的话。此处作表语，主语为this，应用说明物性质的-ing结尾形容词confusing (令人困惑的)。故填confusing。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：这可能会让西方人感到困惑，他们可能会认为这意味着听者理解并同意所说的话。该空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。 6．考查定语从句。句意：另一个交际特征是打断，这在世界各地的看法不同。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词feature，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．考查副词。句意：然而，在一些非洲和拉丁美洲国家，它被视为加入和积极参与对话的一种手段。此处修饰动词短语participate in，应用副词actively (积极地)，作状语。故填actively。 8．考查冠词。句意：即使在同一大洲，礼仪也会因文化而异。表示“同一，一样”短语为the same。故填the。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在英国，在商店或餐馆里，对为你服务的人说“请”和“谢谢”是很常见的，但在西班牙，这些词被听到的频率要低得多。分析句子结构可知，serve与逻辑主语someone构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填serving。 10．考查时态语态。句意：例如，在英国，在商店或餐馆里，对为你服务的人说“请”和“谢谢”是很常见的，但在西班牙，这些词被听到的频率要低得多。主语these terms与谓语动词hear构成被动关系，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为these terms，谓语用复数。故填are heard。 一、阅读理解 （2024·浙江·高考真题）Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 1．Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A．David Kisor. B．Joe McDonough. C．Nathan Turner. D．Robbie McMath. 2．What can we learn about the two actors? A．They study in the same school. B．They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C．They are experienced on stage. D．They became friends ten years ago. 3．What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A．Research funding. B．Training opportunities. C．Technical support. D．Educational resources. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。 二、语法填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】 1．to teach 2．sixth 3．as 4．where 5．borrowing 6．intended 7．Different 8．for 9．warning 10．be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 2．考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 3．考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 4．考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 7．考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 8．考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 9．考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 10．考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【点睛】 三、书信写作 （2023·全国·高考真题）  假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 说明问题； 2. 提出建议。 注意：   1. 写作词数应为80个左右；   2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Ryan, I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows. To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with. My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇是应用文写作，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，告诉他将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 首先：to begin with → first of all 提高：improve → progress 建议：suggestion → advice 选择：choose → select 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. 拓展句：My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（运用了现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（运用了省略句和who引导定语从句） ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$