寒假作业03 动词-ing形式作主语 选修一 Unit 3-【寒假分层作业】2025年高二英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题03 动词-ing形式作主语 选修一 Unit 3 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词ing形式作主语的概念和用法 考点二、动词ing形式作主语的句子结构与功能 考点三、动词ing形式作主语的注意事项 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词ing形式作主语的概念和用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 动词 -ing 形式作主语表示的是一种抽象的、一般性的行为动作或概念。它可以用来描述一个活动、行为或者状态，在句子中起到名词的作用。 例如： Running is a good way to keep fit. （跑步是保持健康的好方法。）这里的 “Running” （跑步）是一个行为动作，作为主语，阐述了 “ 跑步 ” 和 “ 保持健康 ” 之间的关系。 Learning English requires a lot of patience. （学习英语需要很多耐心。） “Learning English” （学习英语）这个行为作为主语，表明了该行为所需的条件。 2. 同时，它也可以用于一些固定的表达结构中，像 “It's no use/good doing sth.” （做某事是没有用 / 好处的）。 例如： It's no use crying over spilt milk. （覆水难收，哭也没用。）其中 “crying over spilt milk” （为洒了的牛奶哭泣）这个动词 -ing 形式的短语作主语，体现了这种表达结构的特点。 ) 1.（选择题）_____ a new language is always an exciting adventure. A. Learn B. Learns C. Learning D. Learned 答案：C 解析：“Learning a new language”（学习一门新语言）表示一种行为，作句子主语，动词作主语需用 -ing 形式，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，均不能作主语，所以选 C。 2.（选择题）_____ in the mountains can make you feel closer to nature. A. Hike B. Hikes C. Hiked D. Hiking 答案：D 解析：“Hiking in the mountains”（在山中徒步旅行）表示一种行为活动，在句中充当主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，C 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 D。 3.（选择题）_____ the guitar well takes a lot of practice and dedication. A. Play B. Plays C. Playing D. Played 答案：C 解析：“Playing the guitar well”（弹好吉他）表示一种行为，作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 C。 4.（选择题）_____ with modern technology helps us work more efficiently. A. Familiarize B. Familiarizing C. Familiarizes D. Familiarized 答案：B 解析：“Familiarizing with modern technology”（熟悉现代技术）表示一种行为动作，在句中作主语，A 是动词原形，C 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 B。 5.（选择题）_____ a delicious meal for the family is what she enjoys. A. Cook B. Cooks C. Cooking D. Cooked 答案：C 解析：“Cooking a delicious meal for the family”（为家人烹饪一顿美味的饭菜）表示一种行为，作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 C。 6.（填空题）_____ (write) poetry allows people to express their deepest emotions. 答案：Writing 解析：“Writing poetry”（写诗）作为动词 -ing 形式，在句中充当主语，表示一种行为或活动，所以填 “Writing”。 7.（填空题）_____ (photograph) beautiful landscapes is his hobby. 答案：Photographing 解析：“Photographing beautiful landscapes”（拍摄美丽的风景）作主语，在句中表示一种行为，所以填 “Photographing”，体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语表示一种行为的用法。 8.（填空题）_____ (explore) new places broadens our horizons. 答案：Exploring 解析：“Exploring new places”（探索新地方）作主语，在句中表示一种行为，所以填 “Exploring”，展示了动词 -ing 形式作主语在句子中的功能。 9.（改错题）Drive a car without a license is illegal. _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 “Drive a car without a license” 改为 “Driving a car without a license”。 解析：原句中 “Drive a car without a license” 是动词原形短语，不能作主语，改为 “Driving a car without a license” 后，其作为动词 -ing 形式短语可在句中作主语，表示 “无证驾驶汽车” 这个行为动作，使句子结构正确。 10.（翻译题）观看体育比赛能带来很多乐趣。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Watching sports games can bring a lot of fun. 解析：“Watching sports games”（观看体育比赛）是动词 -ing 形式作主语，表示一种行为，符合该语法点的用法，用来阐述观看体育比赛和带来乐趣之间的关系。 动词ing形式作主语的句子结构与功能 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 结构方面 ：在句子中，动词 -ing 形式作主语通常位于句首，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： Writing diaries helps improve writing skills. （写日记有助于提高写作技巧。）主语是 “Writing diaries” ，谓语是 “helps” ，这是一个典型的 “ 主语（动词 -ing 形式） + 谓语（第三人称单数形式） + 宾语 / 其他成分 ” 的句子结构。 2. 功能方面 ：它可以在句子中充当主语，使句子能够表达对某种行为或活动的评价、描述其后果或者说明其必要性等诸多功能。比如： Smoking is harmful to health. （吸烟对健康有害。）此句通过动词 -ing 形式作主语，实现了对 “ 吸烟 ” 这个行为进行评价（有害健康）的功能。 ) 1.（选择题）_____ the instructions carefully before using the machine is crucial. A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. Readed 答案：C 解析：“Reading the instructions carefully before using the machine”（在使用机器前仔细阅读说明书）这个动词 -ing 形式短语在句中作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是错误形式，都不能作主语，所以选 C，此句体现了 “动词 -ing 形式作主语 + 谓语（is）+ 表语（crucial）” 的句子结构。 2.（选择题）_____ with neighbors can build a harmonious community. A. Interact B. Interacts C. Interacting D. Interacted 答案：C 解析：“Interacting with neighbors”（与邻居互动）作主语，表示一种行为，A 是动词原形，B 是错误形式，D 是动词过去式，都不符合作主语的要求，所以选 C，该句展示了 “动词 -ing 形式作主语 + 谓语（can build）+ 宾语（a harmonious community）” 的结构。 3.（选择题）_____ the news every day keeps us informed about the world. A. Watch B. Watches C. Watched D. Watching 答案：D 解析：“Watching the news every day”（每天看新闻）作主语，表示一种行为，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，C 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 D，此句体现了 “动词 -ing 形式作主语 + 谓语（keeps）+ 宾语（us）+ 宾语补足语（informed about the world）” 的句子结构。 4.（选择题）_____ a project from start to finish gives a great sense of achievement. A. Manage B. Manages C. Managing D. Managed 答案：C 解析：“Managing a project from start to finish”（从头到尾管理一个项目）作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 C，该句展示了 “动词 -ing 形式作主语 + 谓语（gives）+ 宾语（a great sense of achievement）” 的结构。 5.（选择题）_____ in a choir can improve one's singing skills and teamwork. A. Sing B. Singing C. Sings D. Sang 答案：B 解析：“Singing in a choir”（在合唱团唱歌）作主语，表示一种行为，A 是动词原形，C 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 B，此句体现了 “动词 -ing 形式作主语 + 谓语（can improve）+ 宾语（one's singing skills and teamwork）” 的句子结构。 6.（填空题）_____ (paint) murals on the wall can make the city more beautiful. 答案：Painting 解析：“Painting murals on the wall”（在墙上绘制壁画）作主语，在句中表示一种行为，所以填 “Painting”，体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语在句子中的功能。 7.（填空题）_____ (organize) events requires good planning and coordination. 答案：Organizing 解析：“Organizing events”（组织活动）作主语，在句中表示一种行为，所以填 “Organizing”，展示了动词 -ing 形式作主语在句子中的功能。 8.（填空题）_____ (research) historical events helps us understand the past better. 答案：Researching 解析：“Researching historical events”（研究历史事件）作主语，在句中表示一种行为，所以填 “Researching”，体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语在句子中的功能。 9.（改错题）Do housework regularly makes the house clean and tidy. _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 “Do housework regularly” 改为 “Doing housework regularly”。 解析：原句中 “Do housework regularly” 是动词原形短语，不能作主语，改为 “Doing housework regularly” 后，其作为动词 -ing 形式短语可在句中作主语，表示 “定期做家务” 这个行为动作，使句子结构正确。 10.（翻译题）参加志愿者活动能丰富我们的生活经验。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Participating in volunteer activities can enrich our life experience. 解析：“Participating in volunteer activities”（参加志愿者活动）是动词 -ing 形式作主语，表示一种行为，符合该语法点的用法，用来阐述参加志愿者活动和丰富生活经验之间的关系，同时体现了该语法点在句子结构与功能方面的运用。 动词ing形式作主语的注意事项 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 区分动词 -ing 形式作主语和祈使句 ： 祈使句是以动词原形开头，表达命令、请求等语气，而动词 -ing 形式作主语是在陈述一个行为或事情。例如： “Open the window.” 是祈使句，命令对方打开窗户；而 “Opening the window is necessary.” （打开窗户是必要的）中 “Opening the window” 是动词 -ing 形式作主语，在阐述 “ 打开窗户 ” 这个行为的某种性质。 2. 其否定形式是在前面加 not 。如： Not knowing the answer, he felt very embarrassed. （不知道答案，他感到很尴尬。）这里 “Not knowing the answer” 是动词 -ing 形式作主语的否定形式，不能写成 “Don't knowing the answer” 。 3. 多个动词 -ing 形式并列作主语时 ： 如果表示的是不同的概念或行为，谓语动词用复数；如果表示的是一个整体概念或行为，谓语动词用单数。例如： Swimming and running are both good forms of exercise. （游泳和跑步都是很好的锻炼方式。）这里 “Swimming” 和 “running” 是不同的运动，谓语用复数；而 “Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.” （早睡早起是个好习惯。） “Going to bed early” 和 “getting up early” 被视为一个整体的习惯概念，谓语用单数。 4. 在一些固定句型中 ： 如 “It is no use/good doing sth.” （做某事是没有用 / 好处的），只能用动词 -ing 形式作主语，不能用动词不定式。例如： It is no good complaining about the weather. （抱怨天气是没有用的。）不能写成 “It is no good to complain about the weather.” ) 1.（选择题）_____ the noise outside, he couldn't concentrate on his study. A. Ignore B. Ignores C. Ignoring D. Ignored 答案：C 解析：“Ignoring the noise outside”（忽略外面的噪音）作主语，这里表示一种主动的行为，应用动词 -ing 形式，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，所以选 C，同时要注意与祈使句区分，“Ignore the noise outside.” 是祈使句，而本题是陈述忽略噪音导致无法集中精力学习这个情况，是动词 -ing 形式作主语。 2.（选择题）_____ too much coffee can affect your sleep. A. Drink B. Drinks C. Drink D. Dranking 答案：D 解析：“Drinking too much coffee”（喝太多咖啡）作主语，根据语法规则，动词作主语要用 -ing 形式，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，C 是动词过去式，所以选 D，考查对动词 -ing 形式作主语基本概念的掌握。 3.（选择题）_____ about the mistakes you made is the first step to improvement. A. Reflect B. Reflects C. Reflecting D. Reflected 答案：C 解析：“Reflecting about the mistakes you made”（反思你所犯的错误）作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 C，这里体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语表示一种行为动作，同时要注意与祈使句 “Reflect about the mistakes you made.” 的区别。 4.（选择题）_____ and ______ regularly is beneficial for health. A. Exercise, eat B. Exercising, eating C. To exercise, to eat D. Exercised, ate 答案：B 解析：“Exercising and eating regularly”（定期锻炼和饮食）表示两种并列的行为作主语，这里强调的是一个整体的健康生活方式概念，谓语动词 “is” 用单数，A 是动词原形，C 是动词不定式，D 是动词过去式，都不符合作主语要求，所以选 B，考查多个动词 -ing 形式并列作主语时谓语动词的用法以及与其他形式作主语的区别。 5.（选择题）_____ without proper training can be dangerous. A. Climb mountains B. Climbs mountains C. Climbing mountains D. Climbed mountains 答案：C 解析：“Climbing mountains without proper training”（未经适当训练就爬山）作主语，A 是动词原形短语，B 是错误形式，D 是动词过去式短语，都不能作主语，所以选 C，这里体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语表示一种行为动作，同时要注意与祈使句 “Climb mountains without proper training.” 的区别。 6.（选择题）_____ in the sun for a long time is harmful to your skin. A. Lying B. Lies C. Lie D. Lain 答案：A 解析：“Lying in the sun for a long time”（长时间躺在太阳下）作主语， B 是动词第三人称单数形式，C 是动词原形，D 是动词 lie 的过去分词形式，都不能作主语，所以选 A，这里体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语表示一种行为动作，同时要注意与祈使句 “Lie in the sun for a long time.” 的区别。 7.（选择题）_____ about the lost opportunity is no use. We should focus on the present. A. Regret B. Regrets C. Regretting D. Regretted 答案：C 解析：“Regretting about the lost opportunity”（后悔失去的机会）作主语，根据固定句型 “It is no use doing sth.”，这里应用动词 -ing 形式，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，所以选 C，考查对固定句型中动词 -ing 形式作主语的掌握。 8.（选择题）_____ a speech in front of a large audience is a nerve-wracking experience. A. Give B. Gives C. Giving D. Given 答案：C 解析：“Giving a speech in front of a large audience”（在众多观众面前演讲）表示一种行为，作主语，A 是动词原形，B 是动词第三人称单数形式，D 是动词过去式，都不能作主语，所以选 C，考查对动词 -ing 形式作主语概念和用法的掌握以及与其他形式作主语的区别。 9.（改错题）Not listen to the teacher's advice, he made the same mistake again. _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：将 “Not listen” 改为 “Not listening”。 解析：动词 -ing 形式作主语的否定形式是在前面加 not，“Not listening to the teacher's advice”（不听老师的建议）在句中作主语，原句中 “Not listen” 错误。 10.（翻译题）他不喜欢购物，但旅行是他的最爱。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He doesn't like shopping, but traveling is his favorite. 解析：“shopping” 作 “like” 的宾语，“traveling” 作句子主语，这里体现了动词 -ing 形式作主语与作宾语的不同用法，同时注意句子结构的正确性，“traveling is his favorite” 展示了动词 -ing 形式作主语的句子结构。 一、单句语法填空 1．So far the well-known (journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】journalist 【详解】考查名词。句意：到目前为止，这位著名的记者已经积累了4000多次对名人的采访。此处需要名词journalist充当主语，表示的意思是“记者”，根据句意应使用单数形式。故填journalist。 2．Nixon’s (visit) China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】visiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尼克松访华标志着美中外交关系进入了新的一年。空前是名词所有格，空格后有China作宾语，所以空处应填动名词作主语。故填visiting。 3．The girl's (educate) in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being educated 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这个女孩在简朴的生活环境中接受教育是她父母所希望的。结合语境，girl与educate是被动关系，用动名词被动形式作主语。The girl's being educated是动名词复合结构作主语，故填being educated。 4．The president’s (attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统亲自出席会议给了他们很大的鼓励。这里The president’s attending the meeting构成动名词复合结构作主语。根据句意，故填attending。 5．The children are playing on the (swing) in the park. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】swings 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们在公园里荡秋千。swing意为“秋千”，公园里有很多秋千，所以需要用复数。故填swings。 6． (accompany) by cheerful music, we began to dance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Accompanied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：伴随着欢快的音乐，我们开始跳舞。设空处用作句子的伴随状语，动词accompany和主语we之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词，位于句首首字母大写。故填Accompanied。 7． (expose) to great works of literature, in whatever form, can encourage creativity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接触伟大的文学作品，无论何种形式，都能激发创造力。此处应为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意可知，此处描述的是经常性的动作，所以使用动名词形式，同时又是被动含义，所以使用动名词的被动形式being exposed，位于句首，being的首字母需大写。故填Being exposed。 8．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are being displayed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品在卢浮宫的300多个房间里展出，要看完所有的作品需要一辈子的时间。空处作前句谓语，句子描述正在进行的动作，且display与主语about 35,000 works之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语about 35,000 works是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being displayed。 9．It’s a waste of time (spend) so much time chatting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spending 【详解】考查动名词。句意：花这么多时间聊天是浪费时间，此处为It’s a waste of time doing sth.结构，意为“做某事是浪费时间”，it为形式主语，为动名词为真正的主语，故填spending。 10．An even greener alternative recently (adopt) is using drones to trace flashy patterns in the sky. The future of fireworks, like so much else, may be robotic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adopted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近采用的一种更环保的替代方案是使用无人机追踪天空中的闪光图案。像其他东西一样，烟花的未来可能是机械的。本句的谓语是is，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语alternative和adopt之间是动宾关系，且recently表明动作已经发生，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填adopted。 二、阅读理解 “Walt Disney World is banning selfie-sticks from its theme parks because selfie-sticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast,” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said. Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles won’t make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also won’t be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfie-sticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disney’s parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1st. Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks’ entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfie-sticks for pick-up later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resort’s hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney World’s website. The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfie-sticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers. Selfie-stick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing theme-park moments through self-portraits. The tools have been banned in public places-including some museums and stadiums — worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues. Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful”. Universal Orlando has banned selfie-sticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans. 1．Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney World before the new policy takes effect? A．Smartphones. B．Folding chairs. C．Cameras. D．Containers. 2．According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfie-sticks during the routine bag check, they may . A．abandon them at the bag check B．get fined and pick them up later C．turn them in to the police D．put them in the trunk of their cars 3．The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means . A．changing B．broadening C．blocking D．narrowing 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。这篇短文主要报道了迪士尼公司要求各大主题乐园禁用自拍杆的新闻。 1．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers”（迪士尼乐园已经禁止了滑板、直排轮溜冰鞋、马车、折叠椅和玻璃容器等物品）可知，在新政策生效前，折叠椅已被禁止进入迪士尼主题公园。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“They will have an option of turning in their selfie-sticks for pick-up later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them.”（游客可以选择交出自拍杆，稍后再取，或者放回车里或者是房间里保存）所以根据这项禁令，可推知，如果客人被发现在例行的行李检查中携带自拍杆，可能会把它们放在汽车后备箱里。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The tools have been banned in public places — including some museums and stadiums (这些工具已被禁止在公共场所使用，包括一些博物馆和体育场)”以及下文“views or causing safety issues (视野或引起安全问题)”可知，这些工具已经在世界范围内的公共场所被禁止使用，原因是它会造成安全问题或者阻碍视线。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出，与第划线的词最接近的是C项blocking“阻碍”。故选C。 三、完形填空 Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1．A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2．A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3．A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4．A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5．A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6．A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7．A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8．A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9．A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10．A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11．A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12．A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13．A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14．A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15．A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章描述了作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida的经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到达那里的机会仅仅是步行：一个累人的徒步旅行持续几天不间断。A. dangerous危险的；B. impressive印象深刻的；C. identical完全相同的；D. available可到达的，可得到的。根据上文“There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins.(没有火车或公共汽车可以方便地到达它的废墟)”以及空后“on foot”可知，只有步行才能到达Ciudad Perdida，故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会。A. resist抵挡，忍住；B. obtain获得；C. promote提升；D. employ雇用。根据下文“Twelve other hikers and I went there”可知，虽然只有步行才能到达，作者还是无法抗拒参观Ciudad Perdida的机会，故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和另外12名徒步旅行者在一位持牌导游的陪同下去了那里。A. comparison比较；B. combination结合；C. company陪伴；D. communication交流。根据“a licensed guide”可知，作者和另外12名徒步旅行者在一名持牌导游的陪同下去Ciudad Perdida，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条泥泞的小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，从一开始就充满了挑战。A. buried埋葬；B. swung摇摆；C. wound蜿蜒，曲折；D. leaked泄漏。which指代先行词“The dirt path”，结合空后“through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)”可知，小路蜿蜒在高耸的棕榈树和悬垂的藤蔓之间，故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. challenging有挑战的；D. amazing令人惊奇的。根据上文“The dirt path, which ___4___ through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)”以及下文“as the journey is difficult”可知，这段旅程一开始就充满挑战，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。A. character性格；B. fitness健康；C. independence独立；D. confidence信心。根据“as the journey is difficult”可知，由于路途艰难，建议徒步旅行者有良好的身体素质。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马帮忙把食物等基本生活用品运送到我们睡觉的小屋。A. equipment设备；B. furniture家具；C. possessions财产；D. supplies储备，补给品。根据“like food”可知，此处指生活用品，故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上我们还遇到了当地人。A. natives当地人；B. visitors游客；C. guides导游；D. drivers司机。根据“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”可知，作者遇到了当地人，故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，他们一直没有受到打扰，他们与这片土地之间有着深厚的联系。A. conflict冲突；B. distance距离；C. bond纽带，联系；D. belief信念。根据“They have been left undisturbed for centuries”和语境可知，当地人一直生活在这里，未受到外界打扰，和这片土地应是有深厚的感情，故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，为了避免高温，我们早早就出发了，但当我们到达最后一个阶段时，高温和肌肉疼痛已经开始了——我们要走1200个石头台阶。A. reduce减少；B. avoid避免；C. lower降低；D. detect发现，查明。根据“we were off earl”以及“high temperatures”可知，作者早早出发是为了避免高温，故选B。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. set in（雨、恶劣天气等）到来，开始；B. cut off切断；C. watched out小心；D. gave in屈服。根据转折词but以及下文“by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to ___12___.”可知，作者一行人为了避免高温早早出发，但是到最后高温和肌肉酸痛还是开始了，故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cover行走（一段距离）；B. catch抓住；C. display展示；D. explore探索。根据“1, 200 stone steps”可知，此处指走1200个石头台阶，故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：终于，我的目光落在了壮丽的景色上，我抬起痛苦的身体，爬上了长长的楼梯，这景色曾激励我艰难地来到Ciudad Perdida。A. predicted预测；B. convinced使信服；C. motivated激励；D. evaluated评价。根据“after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs”可知，美景激励着作者继续艰难的旅程，故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然回程包括克服已经实现目标的心理障碍，但这次经历是我愿意再次经历的。A. overcoming克服；B. memorizing记住；C. observing观察；D. witnessing目击。根据“the mental barrier”可知，此处指克服心理障碍，故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。A. luxurious奢侈的；B. relevant相关的；C. flexible灵活的；D. rewarding值得的，有意义的。根据上文“the experience is the one I would do again”以及下文“Earned views are always better.”可知，正是困难让旅程变得更有意义。故选D。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cheng Yuyan never expected that the interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, 1 she casually created four years ago on Douban, a Chinese social media platform, would now approach 100,000 members. According to 2 25-year-old from Shanghai, establishing this group was just a spur-of-the-moment decision, 3 she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards. However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have spontaneously made 4 their gathering community. People share park experiences, post photos 5 (take)in parks, and offer recommendations and reviews about parks. Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 6 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory, 7 (spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of 8 people exercise in it or simply take a walk. Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, is an enthusiastic 9 (support) of this idea. “On that patch of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals, allowing me to refresh my mind and heal 10 the stresses of the workplace,” Huang said. 【答案】 1．which 2．the 3．and 4．it 5．taken 6．comes 7．spending 8．whether 9．supporter 10．from 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了承雨嫣在豆瓣上创建的兴趣小组“我们爱公园漫步”意外地吸引了10万会员，这个小组成为了公园爱好者们的聚集地，人们在这里分享公园的体验，发布公园的照片，提供公园的推荐和评论。 1．考查定语从句。句意：4年前，承雨嫣万万没想到她无意中在中国社交媒体平台豆瓣上创建了一个兴趣小组“我们爱逛公园”，现在已经有了10万名成员。修饰group，在从句中作created的宾语，引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：据这位来自上海的25岁女孩说，创建这个小组只是一个偶然的决定，之后她并没有在里面花太多时间。此处特指上文提到的“Cheng Yuyan”，用定冠词修饰，故填the。 3．考查连词。句意：据这位来自上海的25岁女孩说，创建这个小组只是一个偶然的决定，之后她并没有在里面花太多时间。前后文是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 4．考查代词。句意：然而，来自全国甚至海外的公园爱好者自愿将其作为他们的聚集地。根据上下文可知，此处指代把这个兴趣小组作为一个聚集地。用代词it作宾语，故填it。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们分享公园的经历，张贴在公园里拍摄的照片，并提供关于公园的建议和评论。take作定语，修饰photos，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填taken。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这一群体中，有一种说法叫做“公园20分钟”，它来自《国际环境健康研究杂志》的一个理论。come作which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，which指代tag，是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填comes。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这一理论，无论人们是在公园里锻炼还是只是散步，每天在公园里呆20分钟都有助于减轻压力。spend作主语，用动名词形式，故填spending。 8．考查从属连词。句意：根据这一理论，无论人们是在公园里锻炼还是只是散步，每天在公园里呆20分钟都有助于减轻压力。介词of后接宾语从句，whether…or…“无论是……还是……”，符合语境。故填whether。 9．考查名词。句意：黄兵兵，现居广东深圳，是这个理论的支持者。不定冠词an修饰可数名词单数，作表语。故填supporter。 10．考查介词。句意：黄说：“在草坪上，我能感到和动植物联结，让我感觉头脑清醒，从工作压力中恢复过来。”heal from“从……康复、恢复”，固定短语。故填from。 一、阅读理解 （2022·全国·高考真题）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history. C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing. 2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub. C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships. 3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead. C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)”可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。 【点睛】 二、完形填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them. What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 18 , and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed 2．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling 3．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger 4．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show 5．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture 6．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored 7．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun 8．A．more B．good C．new D．easy 9．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in 10．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed 11．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual 12．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price 13．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste 14．A．smell B．look C．become D．work 15．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague 16．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack 17．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar 18．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need 19．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown 20．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 　　2　　 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 　　20　　　us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 　　　5　　　 for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 　　6　　　　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 　　7　　　　 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。 9．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was 　　　3　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 　　　13　　　 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were 　　　6　　　 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　14　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 　　　7　　　 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　14　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。 18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was 　　　3　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。 【点睛】 三、语法填空 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1．engineering 2．functional 3．to give 4．closed 5．walks 6．the 7．favorites 8．as 9．which/that 10．richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1．考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 8．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 动词-ing形式作主语 选修一 Unit 3 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一、动词ing形式作主语的概念和用法 考点二、动词ing形式作主语的句子结构与功能 考点三、动词ing形式作主语的注意事项 ☛第二层 能力培优练 精选各地综合性练习题，帮助学生能力提升与培优 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 最新高考真题操练相关知识点，助力学生取得更大突破 动词ing形式作主语的概念和用法 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 动词 -ing 形式作主语表示的是一种抽象的、一般性的行为动作或概念。它可以用来描述一个活动、行为或者状态，在句子中起到名词的作用。 例如： Running is a good way to keep fit. （跑步是保持健康的好方法。）这里的 “Running” （跑步）是一个行为动作，作为主语，阐述了 “ 跑步 ” 和 “ 保持健康 ” 之间的关系。 Learning English requires a lot of patience. （学习英语需要很多耐心。） “Learning English” （学习英语）这个行为作为主语，表明了该行为所需的条件。 2. 同时，它也可以用于一些固定的表达结构中，像 “It's no use/good doing sth.” （做某事是没有用 / 好处的）。 例如： It's no use crying over spilt milk. （覆水难收，哭也没用。）其中 “crying over spilt milk” （为洒了的牛奶哭泣）这个动词 -ing 形式的短语作主语，体现了这种表达结构的特点。 ) 1.（选择题）_____ a new language is always an exciting adventure. A. Learn B. Learns C. Learning D. Learned 2.（选择题）_____ in the mountains can make you feel closer to nature. A. Hike B. Hikes C. Hiked D. Hiking 3.（选择题）_____ the guitar well takes a lot of practice and dedication. A. Play B. Plays C. Playing D. Played 4.（选择题）_____ with modern technology helps us work more efficiently. A. Familiarize B. Familiarizing C. Familiarizes D. Familiarized 5.（选择题）_____ a delicious meal for the family is what she enjoys. A. Cook B. Cooks C. Cooking D. Cooked 6.（填空题）_____ (write) poetry allows people to express their deepest emotions. 7.（填空题）_____ (photograph) beautiful landscapes is his hobby. 8.（填空题）_____ (explore) new places broadens our horizons. 9.（改错题）Drive a car without a license is illegal. _________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（翻译题）观看体育比赛能带来很多乐趣。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 动词ing形式作主语的句子结构与功能 ( 【知识积累 · 练前热身】 1. 结构方面 ：在句子中，动词 -ing 形式作主语通常位于句首，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如： Writing diaries helps improve writing skills. （写日记有助于提高写作技巧。）主语是 “Writing diaries” ，谓语是 “helps” ，这是一个典型的 “ 主语（动词 -ing 形式） + 谓语（第三人称单数形式） + 宾语 / 其他成分 ” 的句子结构。 2. 功能方面 ：它可以在句子中充当主语，使句子能够表达对某种行为或活动的评价、描述其后果或者说明其必要性等诸多功能。比如： Smoking is harmful to health. （吸烟对健康有害。）此句通过动词 -ing 形式作主语，实现了对 “ 吸烟 ” 这个行为进行评价（有害健康）的功能。 ) 1.（选择题）_____ the instructions carefully before using the machine is crucial. A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. Readed 2.（选择题）_____ with neighbors can build a harmonious community. A. Interact B. Interacts C. Interacting D. Interacted 3.（选择题）_____ the news every day keeps us informed about the world. A. Watch B. Watches C. Watched D. Watching 4.（选择题）_____ a project from start to finish gives a great sense of achievement. A. Manage B. Manages C. Managing D. Managed 5.（选择题）_____ in a choir can improve one's singing skills and teamwork. A. Sing B. Singing C. Sings D. Sang 6.（填空题）_____ (paint) murals on the wall can make the city more beautiful. 7.（填空题）_____ (organize) events requires good planning and coordination. 8.（填空题）_____ (research) historical events helps us understand the past better. 9.（改错题）Do housework regularly makes the house clean and tidy. _________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（翻译题）参加志愿者活动能丰富我们的生活经验。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 动词ing形式作主语的注意事项 ( 【知识积累·练前热身】 1. 区分动词 -ing 形式作主语和祈使句 ： 祈使句是以动词原形开头，表达命令、请求等语气，而动词 -ing 形式作主语是在陈述一个行为或事情。例如： “Open the window.” 是祈使句，命令对方打开窗户；而 “Opening the window is necessary.” （打开窗户是必要的）中 “Opening the window” 是动词 -ing 形式作主语，在阐述 “ 打开窗户 ” 这个行为的某种性质。 2. 其否定形式是在前面加 not 。如： Not knowing the answer, he felt very embarrassed. （不知道答案，他感到很尴尬。）这里 “Not knowing the answer” 是动词 -ing 形式作主语的否定形式，不能写成 “Don't knowing the answer” 。 3. 多个动词 -ing 形式并列作主语时 ： 如果表示的是不同的概念或行为，谓语动词用复数；如果表示的是一个整体概念或行为，谓语动词用单数。例如： Swimming and running are both good forms of exercise. （游泳和跑步都是很好的锻炼方式。）这里 “Swimming” 和 “running” 是不同的运动，谓语用复数；而 “Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.” （早睡早起是个好习惯。） “Going to bed early” 和 “getting up early” 被视为一个整体的习惯概念，谓语用单数。 4. 在一些固定句型中 ： 如 “It is no use/good doing sth.” （做某事是没有用 / 好处的），只能用动词 -ing 形式作主语，不能用动词不定式。例如： It is no good complaining about the weather. （抱怨天气是没有用的。）不能写成 “It is no good to complain about the weather.” ) 1.（选择题）_____ the noise outside, he couldn't concentrate on his study. A. Ignore B. Ignores C. Ignoring D. Ignored 2.（选择题）_____ too much coffee can affect your sleep. A. Drink B. Drinks C. Drink D. Dranking 3.（选择题）_____ about the mistakes you made is the first step to improvement. A. Reflect B. Reflects C. Reflecting D. Reflected 4.（选择题）_____ and ______ regularly is beneficial for health. A. Exercise, eat B. Exercising, eating C. To exercise, to eat D. Exercised, ate 5.（选择题）_____ without proper training can be dangerous. A. Climb mountains B. Climbs mountains C. Climbing mountains D. Climbed mountains 6.（选择题）_____ in the sun for a long time is harmful to your skin. A. Lying B. Lies C. Lie D. Lain 7.（选择题）_____ about the lost opportunity is no use. We should focus on the present. A. Regret B. Regrets C. Regretting D. Regretted 8.（选择题）_____ a speech in front of a large audience is a nerve-wracking experience. A. Give B. Gives C. Giving D. Given 9.（改错题）Not listen to the teacher's advice, he made the same mistake again. _________________________________________________________________________________ 10.（翻译题）他不喜欢购物，但旅行是他的最爱。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 一、单句语法填空 1．So far the well-known (journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Nixon’s (visit) China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.（所给词的适当形式填空） 空格后有China作宾语，所以空处应填动名词作主语。故填visiting。 3．The girl's (educate) in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.（所给词的适当形式填空） 4．The president’s (attend) the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The children are playing on the (swing) in the park. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (accompany) by cheerful music, we began to dance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7． (expose) to great works of literature, in whatever form, can encourage creativity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.（所给词的适当形式填空） 9．It’s a waste of time (spend) so much time chatting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．An even greener alternative recently (adopt) is using drones to trace flashy patterns in the sky. The future of fireworks, like so much else, may be robotic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、阅读理解 “Walt Disney World is banning selfie-sticks from its theme parks because selfie-sticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast,” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said. Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles won’t make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also won’t be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfie-sticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disney’s parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1st. Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks’ entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfie-sticks for pick-up later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resort’s hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney World’s website. The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfie-sticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers. Selfie-stick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing theme-park moments through self-portraits. The tools have been banned in public places-including some museums and stadiums — worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues. Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful”. Universal Orlando has banned selfie-sticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans. 1．Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney World before the new policy takes effect? A．Smartphones. B．Folding chairs. C．Cameras. D．Containers. 2．According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfie-sticks during the routine bag check, they may . A．abandon them at the bag check B．get fined and pick them up later C．turn them in to the police D．put them in the trunk of their cars 3．The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means . A．changing B．broadening C．blocking D．narrowing 三、完形填空 Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu (马丘比丘古城). There are no trains or buses allowing of easy travels to reach its ruins. The chance of getting there is merely 1 on foot:a tiring hike lasting several days nonstop. Despite this, I couldn’t 2 the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. Twelve other hikers and I went there in 3 with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which 4 through towering palms and dangling vines (藤蔓), proved 5 right from the start. It’s suggested that hikers have good physical 6 , as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic 7 like food to the cottages where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the 8 . They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep 9 between them and the land. The next morning, we were off early to 10 the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already 11 by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to 12 . Finally, my eyes rested on the splendid scene that had 13 the hard journey to Ciudad Perdida, after lifting my painful body up the long flight of stairs. The beautiful site below amazed me. While the return trip included 14 the mental barrier of having already achieved our goal, the experience is the one I would do again. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more 15 one. Earned views are always better. 1．A．dangerous B．impressive C．identical D．available 2．A．resist B．obtain C．promote D．employ 3．A．comparison B．combination C．company D．communication 4．A．buried B．swung C．wound D．leaked 5．A．disappointing B．embarrassing C．challenging D．amazing 6．A．character B．fitness C．independence D．confidence 7．A．equipment B．furniture C．possessions D．supplies 8．A．natives B．visitors C．guides D．drivers 9．A．conflict B．distance C．bond D．belief 10．A．reduce B．avoid C．lower D．detect 11．A．set in B．cut off C．watched out D．gave in 12．A．cover B．catch C．display D．explore 13．A．predicted B．convinced C．motivated D．evaluated 14．A．overcoming B．memorizing C．observing D．witnessing 15．A．luxurious B．relevant C．flexible D．rewarding 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cheng Yuyan never expected that the interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, 1 she casually created four years ago on Douban, a Chinese social media platform, would now approach 100,000 members. According to 2 25-year-old from Shanghai, establishing this group was just a spur-of-the-moment decision, 3 she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards. However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have spontaneously made 4 their gathering community. People share park experiences, post photos 5 (take)in parks, and offer recommendations and reviews about parks. Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 6 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory, 7 (spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of 8 people exercise in it or simply take a walk. Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, is an enthusiastic 9 (support) of this idea. “On that patch of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals, allowing me to refresh my mind and heal 10 the stresses of the workplace,” Huang said. 一、阅读理解 （2022·全国·高考真题）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history. C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing. 2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub. C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships. 3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead. C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 二、完形填空 （2023·全国·高考真题）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them. What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 18 , and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed 2．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling 3．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger 4．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show 5．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture 6．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored 7．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun 8．A．more B．good C．new D．easy 9．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in 10．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed 11．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual 12．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price 13．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste 14．A．smell B．look C．become D．work 15．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague 16．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack 17．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar 18．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need 19．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown 20．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told 三、语法填空 （2024·新课标I卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$