第02讲 选择必修一 Unit 2重难知识综合复习-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题02 The universal language 考点聚焦: 核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记: 知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化: 难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 重点单词 1. deserve vt. 值得, 应得 2. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的, 可喜的, 友好的, 和善的 3. whisper vi. &vt. 耳语, 低语; 私下说; 沙沙作响n. 低语, 轻柔的声音; 传言 4. dramatic adj. 激动人心的, 引人注目的; 突然的; 戏剧的; 夸张的 5. weep vi. &vt. 哭泣, 流泪 6. overcome vt. 受到……的极大影响; 克服, 解决; 战胜 7. sorrow n. 悲伤, 悲痛; 伤心事 8. folk adj. 民间的, 民俗的 n. 民间音乐; 人们; 各位; 家人 9. tune n. 曲调, 曲子vt. 调音; 调频道; 调整 10. rural adj. 乡村的, 农村的 11. guarantee vt. &n. 保证, 担保; 确保; 为(产品)提供保修; 保修单 12. flow vi. &n. 流, 流动; 充满; 涨起; 连贯; 涨潮 13. recording n. 录音, 视频; 录制; 记录, 记载 14. stare vt. 盯着看, 注视, 凝视 n. 盯, 凝视 15. grab vt. &vi. 吸引; 抓住; 赶紧, 抓紧 16. sweep vt. &vi. 席卷, 横扫; 打扫; 吹走; 清除 n. 打扫, 清扫 17. complicated adj. 复杂的, 难懂的 18. stream vi. &vt. 鱼贯而行, 涌动; 流动 n. 小溪; (人)流; 车流 19. vast adj. 大量的, 辽阔的, 巨大的 20. reputation n. 名誉, 名声 21. brilliant adj. 聪颖的, 技艺高的; 巧妙的; 很成功的; 明亮的 22. upset adj. 难过的, 失望的vt. 使烦恼; 搅乱; 打翻 23. abandon vt. 中止, 放弃, 不再有; 抛弃; 舍弃 24. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的, 鼓舞人心的 25. grand adj. 宏大的, 宏伟的; 壮丽的, 堂皇的 26. compose vt. 作曲→ composer n. 作曲家 27. combine v.(使)融合, (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼作; 合并→combination n.(使)融合, (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼作; 合并 28. surround v. 围绕着→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围; 环境 29. adapt vt. 改编→adaptable adj. 适应能力非常强的→adaptation n. 改编本, 改写本; 适应 30. defend v. 保护, 防御; 辩白→defense n. 保护 31. remark n. 评论→remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→remarkably adv. 显著地 32. gift n. 天赋, 才能→gifted adj. 有才华的, 有天赋的 33. predict v. 预测, 预言→prediction n. 预测, 预言 34. depress vt. 使抑郁, 使沮丧; 使萧条, 使不景气→depressing adj. 令人沮丧的→depressed adj. 感到沮丧的→depression n. 抑郁症 35. possess vt. 具有(特质); 拥有; 支配, 控制→possession n. 财产 36. ease 容易, 轻易; 舒适, 安逸→easy adj. 容易的 37. ordinary adj. 平凡的→extraordinary adj. 不寻常的, 非凡的; 意想不到的, 令人惊奇的 38. desperate adj. 绝望的; 不惜冒险的; 极其需要的; 极严重的→desperately adv. 绝望; 不惜冒险; 极其需要; 极严重 ( 核心单词 ) 考点1 deserve vt. 值得，应得 •deserve to do sth. ________ •deserve to be done＝deserve ________/n.值得被……；应受…… •deserve consideration/attention ________ 【考点再现】(2025黑龙江大庆)单句语法填空 The workers refused to work because they thought they deserved (have) more paid holidays. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 工人们拒绝工作，因为他们认为他们应该有更多的带薪假期。设空处在句中作非谓语，deserve to do为固定用法，意为“值得做某事”。故填to win。 答案: to win 考点2 whisper vi. & vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 •whisper ________ sb. 向某人低声说 •whisper sth in one’s ear ________ •It is/was whispered that... ________ …… •in a whisper＝in ________ 耳语地；低声地 【考点再现】(2025江苏盐城)单句语法填空 It is whispered ________ he refused to reveal the sources of his information. 思路点拨: 考查主语从句。句意: 有人私下说，他拒绝透露他的资料来源。本句中的It是形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且语意完整，故用that引导主语从句。故填that。 答案: that 考点3 transform vi. & vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→________ n. 转化；转换；改造；变换 •transform A ________ B　把A转变成B •transform...from...into... ________…… 【考点再现】(2025江苏南京)单句语法填空 We are in the process of ________(transform) from an industrial society to a service and information society. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 我们正处于从工业社会向服务和信息社会的转变过程中。介词后接动名词，作宾语。故填transforming。 答案: transforming 考点4 surroundings n. 周围，环境→surround vt.包围；围绕→________ adj. 周围的 •surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… •be ________ by/with... 被……包围 【考点再现】(2025内蒙古鄂尔多斯)单句语法填空 The castle is located close to the sea, ________(surround) by tropical mountain forests. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 城堡靠近大海，被热带山林包围。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词surround与the castle之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词。故填surrounded。 答案: surrounded 考点5 guarantee vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 •guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth. to sb. 保证某人某事 •guarantee to do sth./________... 保证做某事；确保…… •be guaranteed ________ sth. 肯定会做某事；必定会做某事 •________ guarantee在保修期内 •give sb. a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证…… 【考点再现】(2025湖南检测)单句语法填空 I guarantee ________(pay) off his debts when I earn money. 思路点拨: 考查固定短语。句意: 我保证我挣钱后会还清他的债务。固定短语“guarantee to do”意为“保证做某事”，故填to pay。 答案: to pay 考点6 adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应；改编→________ vt. 使适应；改编 •adapt (...)________... (使……)适应……(to为介词) •________ oneself to(＝adjust oneself to) 使自己适应…… •adapt A ________ B 根据B改编A •adapt A ________ B 将A改编为B 【考点再现】(2025)单句语法填空 This new film is said to be adapted ________ a novel by Jane Austen. 思路点拨: 考查介词和固定短语。句意: 据说这部新电影是改编自简·奥斯汀的小说。“be adapted from…”，固定短语，意为“改编自”。故填from。 答案: from 考点7 defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence n. 保护；保卫 •defend...from/against...保护……不受…… •defend oneself自卫 •in defence of为……辩护；保护…… 【考点再现】(2025江苏淮安)单句语法填空 What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 思路点拨: 考查名词。句意: 我们可以提出哪些观点来为这一论点辩护？作介词的宾语，短语in defence of表示“辩护”。故填defence。 答案: defence 考点8 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit vt. 适合；使适应 vi. 合适；相称 n. 一套衣服；套装) •be suitable for... 适合于…… •be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 •suit sb./sth. 适合某人/某物 •suit...to... 使……适合…… 【考点再现】(2025)单句语法填空 I can’t find ________(suit) words to express my excitement. 思路点拨: 考查形容词。句意: 我找不到合适的语言来表达我的激动。空处应为形容词“合适的”suitable，作定语，修饰名词words。故填suitable。 答案: suitable 考点9 distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离，远方 •at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远 •at a distance of... 相隔……；相距…… •in the distance 在远方 •keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远 【考点再现】(2025广东深圳)单句语法填空 I was frightened to death when I caught sight of a snake in the ________(distant). 思路点拨: 考查名词。句意: 我看见远处有条蛇，吓得要命。空前有the，空处应用名词作宾语，distance意为“距离，远处”，in the distance意为“在远处”。故填distance。 答案: distance 考点10 abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n. [U] 放任；放纵 (abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的) •abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事 •abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 •with abandon 放纵地；放任地；尽情地 •be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事 【考点再现】(2025湖南长沙)单句语法填空 He abandoned ________(him) to the pursuit of excellence, dedicating his life to mastering his craft. 思路点拨: 考查反身代词。句意: 他全身心投入到追求卓越中，致力于掌握自己的技艺。abandon oneself to意为“全身心投入”，需要用反身代词himself作宾语。故填himself。 答案: himself 重点短语 1. tear apart 　 使(关系密切的人)分离, 分开  2. rely on 依赖, 依靠; 信任  3. throw in 奉送, 额外赠送   4. for good measure 作为额外增添  5. consist of 由……组成(或构成)  6. get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事, 开始认真注意(或对待)某事  7. all of a sudden 突然, 猛地  ( 核心短语 ) 考点1 rely on 依赖，依靠；信任→reliable adj. 可依赖的，可信赖的 •rely on/upon sb. to do/doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事 •rely on/upon it that... 相信……，指望…… 注意: rely on的近义短语还有depend on，count on等。 【考点再现】(2025黑龙江双鸭山)单句语法填空 You can rely on ________ that the Belt and Road initiative will lead into a new era of prosperity. 思路点拨: 考查it用法。句意: 大家可以相信，“一带一路”建设必将开启一个繁荣的新时代。此处为动词短语+it+that从句，it作形式宾语，从句为真正宾语。故填it。 答案: it 考点2 consist of(＝be made up of，be composed of)由……组成(或构成)→(consist v. 组成；构成；在于；一致→ consistent adj.一致的，相符的) •consist in(＝lie in) 在于……；存在于…… •consist with 和……一致 •be consistent with 和……一致，相符 注意: consist of无被动形式，也不可用于进行时。 【考点再现】(2025广东汕尾)单句语法填空 A medical team ________(consist) of 112 doctors and nurses flew to Wuhan before daybreak. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 由112名医生和护士组成的医疗队在黎明前飞往武汉。本句谓语为flew，此处为非谓语动词，且A medical team与consist of“由……组成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填consisting。 答案: consisting 考点3 get down to (doing) sth开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 •get along/on with 相处；进展 •get sth across 使(被)理解；把……表达清楚；传达 •get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)；开始；参与 •get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态 •get through 通过；完成；打电话；度过 •get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚 【考点再现】(2025山东临沂)单句语法填空 After Christmas I’m going to get down ________ some serious job­hunting. 思路点拨: 考查介词。句意: 圣诞节过后，我将开始认真的求职。根据空前的get down可知，此处应用介词to，固定搭配get down to sth.“开始专注于某事: 指开始专注于某项任务或活动”。故填to。 答案: to 重点句型 1. as if引导的省略了主语和be的状语从句 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.   2. 形容词作状语 又愤怒又悲伤, 梁山伯病倒去世了。 Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.   3. It turns out that . . . . 原来…… 原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.   4. By the time引导时间状语从句 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.   5. 现在分词短语作状语 这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如, 显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。 The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer.   6. it作形式主语 作曲还可以继续, 但公开演出对于贝多芬而言越来越艰难了。 Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music, it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public.   ( 核心句型 ) 考点1 形容词(短语)作状语 教材原句Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。(P16) 形容词(短语)作状语: •常用来说明句子主语所处的状态，和主语常可构成系表关系。 •形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 【考点再现】(2025吉林长春) 由于害怕受责备，小汤姆一到家就直接去了自己房间。(形容词短语作状语) ________________, little Tom went to his own room directly the moment he got home. 思路点拨: 考查形容词作状语和非谓语动词。表示“害怕受责备”，用形容词短语作状语，表示“害怕……的”用afraid of，表示“责备”用scold，此处为被动，用动名词的被动语态作介词of的宾语；afraid位于句首，首字母大写。故填Afraid of being scolded。 答案: Afraid of being scolded 考点2 by the time引导时间状语从句 教材原句By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。(P25) •by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时。 •by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。 •如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状态，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 【考点再现】(2025山东淄博)单句语法填空 By the time we arrived at the lecture hall, all the good seats ________(take). 思路点拨: 考查动词时态和语态。句意: 当我们到达报告厅时，所有的好座位都坐满了。空处作谓语，根据By the time we arrived at the lecture hall可知，座位坐满发生在到达之前，为过去的过去，用过去完成时，且seats与take构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been taken。 答案: had been taken 重点语法 动词v-ing 形式作主语和宾语 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为being done。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 温馨提示: (1)意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies. 画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。 (2)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 2. 形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有: It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。 It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us. 劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。 3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式: (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式； (2)名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，give up(放弃)，insist on(坚决要求)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，lead to(导致)，look forward to(期待，盼望)等。 2. 作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。 3. 在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略 spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth高兴做某事/费力做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth做某事毫无意义。 4. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有: 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… 5. 下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done 6. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语 作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为: ＋动词-ing形式 温馨提示　动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为: 形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 【考点再现】(2025吉林长春)单句语法填空 Your ________(collect) relevant information will be of much help. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 你收集相关信息会有很大帮助。形容词性物主代词Your后面接动名词形式，动名词复合结构在句中作主语。根据句意，故填collecting。 答案: collecting 【考点再现】(2025北京)单句语法填空 He intends to devote his life to ________(cure) the sick in India. 思路点拨: 考查动名词。句意: 他打算把自己的一生奉献给在印度治病救人。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定短语，表示“献身于/一生致力于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填curing。 答案: curing 单句语法填空 1. Don’t rely on ________(cheat) in the exam, for you will never get away with it. 2. You can rely on ________ that the Belt and Road initiative will lead into a new era of prosperity. 3. You can rely on ________ that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 4. A medical team ________(consist) of 112 doctors and nurses flew to Wuhan before daybreak. 5. They couldn’t give a ________(consist) explanation. 6. In summary, what you say should be consistent ________ what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you. 7. After Christmas I’m going to get down ________ some serious job­hunting. 8. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s get down first ________ some complicated tasks. 9. We need to get down to ________(analyse) why the castle is in such a bad state. 10. With the election out of the way, the government can get down ________ business. 11. By the time we arrived at the lecture hall, all the good seats ________(take). 12.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ________(seat). 13.(23-24高二下·全国·课后作业)By the time she ________(get) home, her parents will have prepared some delicious food for her. 14.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·阶段练习)Your ________(collect) relevant information will be of much help. 15.(24-25高二上·江苏·阶段练习)It is no use ________(intervene) in their argument; they never listen to anyone. 16.(24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中)It’s a waste of time ________(talk) about such useless things. 17.(24-25高二上·四川成都·期中)With the instant replay facilities, ________(miss) our favorite sporting moments is now a thing of the past. 18.(24-25高二上·北京·期中)He intends to devote his life to ________(cure) the sick in India. 19.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)Miss Guo made up her mind to devote herself to ________(improve) her spoke English before the contest. 20.(24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中)Jacob, who is 6 years old, is looking forward to ________(take) to the Great Wall. 21.(24-25高二上·河南信阳·期中)Scientists believe it no good ________(bathe) in the sun for longtime, especially in summer days. 完成句子 1. Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.(改写为-ing形式作主语) 2. It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold.(改写ing形式作主语) 3. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week? (用动名词改写句子) 4. Most of the people who had applied for this position were turned down, but he stood out because he was good at working with others.(applicant, cooperate)(用提示词改写句子) 真题感知 1.(24-25高二上·福建·单元测试)He’s a responsible writer, and he deserves ________(respect). 2.(24-25高二下·江苏盐城·期中)He observed that the bacteria ________(surround) the mould were dead. 3.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)The time we spent together is now a ________(distance) memory. 4.(24-25高二·福建漳州·期中)You can rely on ________ that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 5.(24-25高二·福建厦门·期中)In summary, what you say should be consistent ________ what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you. 6.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ________(seat). 7.(24-25高二上·江苏·阶段练习)It is no use ________(intervene) in their argument; they never listen to anyone. 8.(24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中)It’s a waste of time ________(talk) about such useless things. 9.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)Miss Guo made up her mind to devote herself to ________(improve) her spoke English before the contest. 10.(24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中)Jacob, who is 6 years old, is looking forward to ________(take) to the Great Wall. 11.(24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中)I was frightened to death when I caught sight of a snake in the ________(distant). 12.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)The time we spent together is now a ________(distance) memory. 提升专练 单句语法填空 1. She works so hard that we all think she deserves ________(get) the scholarship. 2. Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper ________ myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 3. We had to talk with each other ________ whispers, for the others were sleeping. 4. “Made in China 2025” aims ________(transform) China from a manufacturing giant into a manufacturing power, one driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity. 5. The way in which we work has undergone a complete ________(transform) in the past decade. 6. Having been transformed ________ a powerful one, the firm decided to extend business to Europe. 7. When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself ________(surround) by doctors and nurses. 8. That weekend, we went to a ________(surround) neighborhood and gave them to the people there free of charge. 9. There was no guarantee ________ he could earn enough for three daily meals. 10. Your watch will be repaired for free if it is still ________ guarantee. 11. The film ________(adapt) from the classic went viral on the internet. 12. We are surprised at the ________(adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions. 13. What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 14.(23-24高二上·全国·课后作业)Their duty is to defend the country ________ its enemies. 15. Body language can give away a lot about your mood; standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being ________(defend). 16. When Helen criticized me, Chris came to my ________(defend). 17. I can’t find ________(suit) words to express my excitement. 18. You have found the career that ________(suit) your talent. 19. We’ll hold a fruit­picking activity next Saturday on a farm which is ________ a distance of two kilometres from our school. 20. Much to our delight, the sound of water ________ the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. 21. He abandoned ________(him) to the pursuit of excellence, dedicating his life to mastering his craft. 22. The ________(abandon) boy finally abandoned ________(attend) the meeting. 二、完成句子 1.①They sat at the back of the room, talking in a whisper. (同义句) →They sat at the back of the room, talking ________________________. ②It is whispered that he is heavily in debt. (同义句) →________________________ heavily in debt. 2. They were talking in a whisper, so they seemed to be saying something secret.(同义句转换) → They were talking in a whisper, so it seemed as if ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 3. It was expected that the house would be completely transformed by then.(改为简单句) The house was expected ________ ________ completely ________ by then. 4. The garden was transformed from a quarry. It has now become a famous destination for travellers. ________ from a quarry, the garden has now become a famous destination for travellers. (同义句转换) 5. Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water, and she was so frightened and just shouted crazily for help.(用含有非谓语动词作状语的句子改写) 6.(23-24高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)When he woke up, he found that he was surrounded by some doctors.( 改为过去分词短语作宾语补足语句式) When he woke up, he ________ ________ ________ ________ some doctors. 7. The shop said they would replace the television if it was still under guarantee. (升级为as long as引导的条件状语从句) The shop said they would replace the television ________________________. 8. Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. (同义句转化) (句型转换) Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed ________ ________ ________ his son like an arrow. 9. They tried to defend themselves from the enemy. (改为同义句) →They tried to ________ themselves from the enemy. 10. Many teachers all believe that this English novel suits teenagers. (同义句转换) Many teachers all believe that this English novel ________ ________ ________ teenagers. 11. The man abandoned himself to alcohol, so he seldom cared about his family.(句型转换) →________ himself ________ alcohol, the man seldom cared about his family. 12. Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure.(同义句转换) →Without worrying about anything, she ________________ a life of pleasure. 13. I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination. →________________, I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(现在分词短语作状语) →________________, I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(过去分词短语作状语) 14. You may rely on his coming to meet you. (同义句转换) → → 15. 这个俱乐部由八个成员组成。 (1)This club ________________ eight members. (consist) (2)This club ________________ eight members. (make up) (3)This club ________________ eight members. (compose) 16. 这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的历史和现状。(一句多译) ①The short film, ________________, introduces the history and present situation of our school. (运用分词短语作定语，consist) ②The short film, ________________, introduces the history and present situation of our school. (运用定语从句，consist) 17. By the time she ________________(追上) her husband, their children had been already back home safe and sound.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 18. The boy was addicted to computer games, and he didn’t want to study.(升级为形容词短语作状语) →________ ________ ________ ________, the boy didn’t want to study. 19.(24-25高二上·全国·课前预习)It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.(改写ing形式作主语) 20. It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult.(改写ing形式作主语) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 The universal language 考点聚焦: 核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记: 知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化: 难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用: 真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 重点单词 1. deserve vt. 值得, 应得 2. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的, 可喜的, 友好的, 和善的 3. whisper vi. &vt. 耳语, 低语; 私下说; 沙沙作响n. 低语, 轻柔的声音; 传言 4. dramatic adj. 激动人心的, 引人注目的; 突然的; 戏剧的; 夸张的 5. weep vi. &vt. 哭泣, 流泪 6. overcome vt. 受到……的极大影响; 克服, 解决; 战胜 7. sorrow n. 悲伤, 悲痛; 伤心事 8. folk adj. 民间的, 民俗的 n. 民间音乐; 人们; 各位; 家人 9. tune n. 曲调, 曲子vt. 调音; 调频道; 调整 10. rural adj. 乡村的, 农村的 11. guarantee vt. &n. 保证, 担保; 确保; 为(产品)提供保修; 保修单 12. flow vi. &n. 流, 流动; 充满; 涨起; 连贯; 涨潮 13. recording n. 录音, 视频; 录制; 记录, 记载 14. stare vt. 盯着看, 注视, 凝视 n. 盯, 凝视 15. grab vt. &vi. 吸引; 抓住; 赶紧, 抓紧 16. sweep vt. &vi. 席卷, 横扫; 打扫; 吹走; 清除 n. 打扫, 清扫 17. complicated adj. 复杂的, 难懂的 18. stream vi. &vt. 鱼贯而行, 涌动; 流动 n. 小溪; (人)流; 车流 19. vast adj. 大量的, 辽阔的, 巨大的 20. reputation n. 名誉, 名声 21. brilliant adj. 聪颖的, 技艺高的; 巧妙的; 很成功的; 明亮的 22. upset adj. 难过的, 失望的vt. 使烦恼; 搅乱; 打翻 23. abandon vt. 中止, 放弃, 不再有; 抛弃; 舍弃 24. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的, 鼓舞人心的 25. grand adj. 宏大的, 宏伟的; 壮丽的, 堂皇的 26. compose vt. 作曲→ composer n. 作曲家 27. combine v.(使)融合, (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼作; 合并→combination n.(使)融合, (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼作; 合并 28. surround v. 围绕着→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围; 环境 29. adapt vt. 改编→adaptable adj. 适应能力非常强的→adaptation n. 改编本, 改写本; 适应 30. defend v. 保护, 防御; 辩白→defense n. 保护 31. remark n. 评论→remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→remarkably adv. 显著地 32. gift n. 天赋, 才能→gifted adj. 有才华的, 有天赋的 33. predict v. 预测, 预言→prediction n. 预测, 预言 34. depress vt. 使抑郁, 使沮丧; 使萧条, 使不景气→depressing adj. 令人沮丧的→depressed adj. 感到沮丧的→depression n. 抑郁症 35. possess vt. 具有(特质); 拥有; 支配, 控制→possession n. 财产 36. ease 容易, 轻易; 舒适, 安逸→easy adj. 容易的 37. ordinary adj. 平凡的→extraordinary adj. 不寻常的, 非凡的; 意想不到的, 令人惊奇的 38. desperate adj. 绝望的; 不惜冒险的; 极其需要的; 极严重的→desperately adv. 绝望; 不惜冒险; 极其需要; 极严重 ( 核心单词 ) 考点1 deserve vt. 值得，应得 •deserve to do sth. ________ •deserve to be done＝deserve ________/n.值得被……；应受…… •deserve consideration/attention ________ 答案: 值得做某事；应该做某事；doing；值得考虑/注意 【考点再现】(2025黑龙江大庆)单句语法填空 The workers refused to work because they thought they deserved (have) more paid holidays. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 工人们拒绝工作，因为他们认为他们应该有更多的带薪假期。设空处在句中作非谓语，deserve to do为固定用法，意为“值得做某事”。故填to win。 答案: to win 考点2 whisper vi. & vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 •whisper ________ sb. 向某人低声说 •whisper sth in one’s ear ________ •It is/was whispered that... ________ …… •in a whisper＝in ________ 耳语地；低声地 答案: to; 在某人耳边低语; 据秘密传闻; whispers 【考点再现】(2025江苏盐城)单句语法填空 It is whispered ________ he refused to reveal the sources of his information. 思路点拨: 考查主语从句。句意: 有人私下说，他拒绝透露他的资料来源。本句中的It是形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且语意完整，故用that引导主语从句。故填that。 答案: that 考点3 transform vi. & vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→________ n. 转化；转换；改造；变换 •transform A ________ B　把A转变成B •transform...from...into... ________…… 答案: transformation; into; 把……从……转变成… 【考点再现】(2025江苏南京)单句语法填空 We are in the process of ________(transform) from an industrial society to a service and information society. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 我们正处于从工业社会向服务和信息社会的转变过程中。介词后接动名词，作宾语。故填transforming。 答案: transforming 考点4 surroundings n. 周围，环境→surround vt.包围；围绕→________ adj. 周围的 •surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… •be ________ by/with... 被……包围 答案: surrounding; surrounded 【考点再现】(2025内蒙古鄂尔多斯)单句语法填空 The castle is located close to the sea, ________(surround) by tropical mountain forests. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 城堡靠近大海，被热带山林包围。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词surround与the castle之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词。故填surrounded。 答案: surrounded 考点5 guarantee vt. 保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 •guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth. to sb. 保证某人某事 •guarantee to do sth./________... 保证做某事；确保…… •be guaranteed ________ sth. 肯定会做某事；必定会做某事 •________ guarantee在保修期内 •give sb. a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证…… 答案: that; to do; under 【考点再现】(2025湖南检测)单句语法填空 I guarantee ________(pay) off his debts when I earn money. 思路点拨: 考查固定短语。句意: 我保证我挣钱后会还清他的债务。固定短语“guarantee to do”意为“保证做某事”，故填to pay。 答案: to pay 考点6 adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应；改编→________ vt. 使适应；改编 •adapt (...)________... (使……)适应……(to为介词) •________ oneself to(＝adjust oneself to) 使自己适应…… •adapt A ________ B 根据B改编A •adapt A ________ B 将A改编为B 答案: adapt; to; adapt; from; for 【考点再现】(2025)单句语法填空 This new film is said to be adapted ________ a novel by Jane Austen. 思路点拨: 考查介词和固定短语。句意: 据说这部新电影是改编自简·奥斯汀的小说。“be adapted from…”，固定短语，意为“改编自”。故填from。 答案: from 考点7 defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence n. 保护；保卫 •defend...from/against...保护……不受…… •defend oneself自卫 •in defence of为……辩护；保护…… 【考点再现】(2025江苏淮安)单句语法填空 What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 思路点拨: 考查名词。句意: 我们可以提出哪些观点来为这一论点辩护？作介词的宾语，短语in defence of表示“辩护”。故填defence。 答案: defence 考点8 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit vt. 适合；使适应 vi. 合适；相称 n. 一套衣服；套装) •be suitable for... 适合于…… •be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 •suit sb./sth. 适合某人/某物 •suit...to... 使……适合…… 【考点再现】(2025)单句语法填空 I can’t find ________(suit) words to express my excitement. 思路点拨: 考查形容词。句意: 我找不到合适的语言来表达我的激动。空处应为形容词“合适的”suitable，作定语，修饰名词words。故填suitable。 答案: suitable 考点9 distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n. 距离，远方 •at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远 •at a distance of... 相隔……；相距…… •in the distance 在远方 •keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远 【考点再现】(2025广东深圳)单句语法填空 I was frightened to death when I caught sight of a snake in the ________(distant). 思路点拨: 考查名词。句意: 我看见远处有条蛇，吓得要命。空前有the，空处应用名词作宾语，distance意为“距离，远处”，in the distance意为“在远处”。故填distance。 答案: distance 考点10 abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n. [U] 放任；放纵 (abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的) •abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事；纵情于(做)某事 •abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 •with abandon 放纵地；放任地；尽情地 •be abandoned to (doing) sth. 沉湎于(做)某事 【考点再现】(2025湖南长沙)单句语法填空 He abandoned ________(him) to the pursuit of excellence, dedicating his life to mastering his craft. 思路点拨: 考查反身代词。句意: 他全身心投入到追求卓越中，致力于掌握自己的技艺。abandon oneself to意为“全身心投入”，需要用反身代词himself作宾语。故填himself。 答案: himself 重点短语 1. tear apart 　 使(关系密切的人)分离, 分开  2. rely on 依赖, 依靠; 信任  3. throw in 奉送, 额外赠送   4. for good measure 作为额外增添  5. consist of 由……组成(或构成)  6. get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事, 开始认真注意(或对待)某事  7. all of a sudden 突然, 猛地  ( 核心短语 ) 考点1 rely on 依赖，依靠；信任→reliable adj. 可依赖的，可信赖的 •rely on/upon sb. to do/doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事 •rely on/upon it that... 相信……，指望…… 注意: rely on的近义短语还有depend on，count on等。 【考点再现】(2025黑龙江双鸭山)单句语法填空 You can rely on ________ that the Belt and Road initiative will lead into a new era of prosperity. 思路点拨: 考查it用法。句意: 大家可以相信，“一带一路”建设必将开启一个繁荣的新时代。此处为动词短语+it+that从句，it作形式宾语，从句为真正宾语。故填it。 答案: it 考点2 consist of(＝be made up of，be composed of)由……组成(或构成)→(consist v. 组成；构成；在于；一致→ consistent adj.一致的，相符的) •consist in(＝lie in) 在于……；存在于…… •consist with 和……一致 •be consistent with 和……一致，相符 注意: consist of无被动形式，也不可用于进行时。 【考点再现】(2025广东汕尾)单句语法填空 A medical team ________(consist) of 112 doctors and nurses flew to Wuhan before daybreak. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 由112名医生和护士组成的医疗队在黎明前飞往武汉。本句谓语为flew，此处为非谓语动词，且A medical team与consist of“由……组成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填consisting。 答案: consisting 考点3 get down to (doing) sth开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 •get along/on with 相处；进展 •get sth across 使(被)理解；把……表达清楚；传达 •get into 进入；陷入；染上(坏习惯)；开始；参与 •get over 解决，克服；从(疾病、震惊中)恢复常态 •get through 通过；完成；打电话；度过 •get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚 【考点再现】(2025山东临沂)单句语法填空 After Christmas I’m going to get down ________ some serious job­hunting. 思路点拨: 考查介词。句意: 圣诞节过后，我将开始认真的求职。根据空前的get down可知，此处应用介词to，固定搭配get down to sth.“开始专注于某事: 指开始专注于某项任务或活动”。故填to。 答案: to 重点句型 1. as if引导的省略了主语和be的状语从句 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.   2. 形容词作状语 又愤怒又悲伤, 梁山伯病倒去世了。 Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.   3. It turns out that . . . . 原来…… 原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部这里流行起来然后传遍全国。 It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation.   4. By the time引导时间状语从句 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.   5. 现在分词短语作状语 这首乐曲将技术上棘手的部分处理得轻松自如, 显示出他作为作曲家的天赋。 The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer.   6. it作形式主语 作曲还可以继续, 但公开演出对于贝多芬而言越来越艰难了。 Although Beethoven was able to continue composing music, it became increasingly difficult for him to perform in public.   ( 核心句型 ) 考点1 形容词(短语)作状语 教材原句Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。(P16) 形容词(短语)作状语: •常用来说明句子主语所处的状态，和主语常可构成系表关系。 •形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 【考点再现】(2025吉林长春) 由于害怕受责备，小汤姆一到家就直接去了自己房间。(形容词短语作状语) ________________, little Tom went to his own room directly the moment he got home. 思路点拨: 考查形容词作状语和非谓语动词。表示“害怕受责备”，用形容词短语作状语，表示“害怕……的”用afraid of，表示“责备”用scold，此处为被动，用动名词的被动语态作介词of的宾语；afraid位于句首，首字母大写。故填Afraid of being scolded。 答案: Afraid of being scolded 考点2 by the time引导时间状语从句 教材原句By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。(P25) •by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时。 •by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。 •如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状态，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 【考点再现】(2025山东淄博)单句语法填空 By the time we arrived at the lecture hall, all the good seats ________(take). 思路点拨: 考查动词时态和语态。句意: 当我们到达报告厅时，所有的好座位都坐满了。空处作谓语，根据By the time we arrived at the lecture hall可知，座位坐满发生在到达之前，为过去的过去，用过去完成时，且seats与take构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been taken。 答案: had been taken 重点语法 动词v-ing 形式作主语和宾语 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为being done。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 温馨提示: (1)意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies. 画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。 (2)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 2. 形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有: It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。 It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us. 劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。 3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式: (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式； (2)名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，give up(放弃)，insist on(坚决要求)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，lead to(导致)，look forward to(期待，盼望)等。 2. 作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。 3. 在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略 spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth高兴做某事/费力做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth做某事毫无意义。 4. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有: 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… 5. 下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done 6. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语 作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为: ＋动词-ing形式 温馨提示　动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为: 形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 【考点再现】(2025吉林长春)单句语法填空 Your ________(collect) relevant information will be of much help. 思路点拨: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 你收集相关信息会有很大帮助。形容词性物主代词Your后面接动名词形式，动名词复合结构在句中作主语。根据句意，故填collecting。 答案: collecting 【考点再现】(2025北京)单句语法填空 He intends to devote his life to ________(cure) the sick in India. 思路点拨: 考查动名词。句意: 他打算把自己的一生奉献给在印度治病救人。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定短语，表示“献身于/一生致力于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填curing。 答案: curing 单句语法填空 1. Don’t rely on ________(cheat) in the exam, for you will never get away with it. 【答案】cheating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 不要指望在考试中作弊，因为你不可能逃脱惩罚。此处on为介词，应用动名词，作宾语。故填cheating。 2. You can rely on ________ that the Belt and Road initiative will lead into a new era of prosperity. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it用法。句意: 大家可以相信，“一带一路”建设必将开启一个繁荣的新时代。此处为动词短语+it+that从句，it作形式宾语，从句为真正宾语。故填it。 3. You can rely on ________ that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意: 你可以相信，我的介绍和努力可以加深游客对中国传统文化的理解。分析句子结构可知，空后为that引导的从句作真正的宾语，所以空处应用代词it作形式宾语。故填it。 4. A medical team ________(consist) of 112 doctors and nurses flew to Wuhan before daybreak. 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 由112名医生和护士组成的医疗队在黎明前飞往武汉。本句谓语为flew，此处为非谓语动词，且A medical team与consist of“由……组成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填consisting。 5. They couldn’t give a ________(consist) explanation. 【答案】consistent 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 他们无法给出一致的解释。此处应用形容词作定语，根据句意可知，此处应用consistent，表示“一致的”，故填consistent。 6. In summary, what you say should be consistent ________ what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意: 总之，你的言行要一致，否则别人不会相信你。be consistent with“和……一致”，固定短语，故填with。 7. After Christmas I’m going to get down ________ some serious job­hunting. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意: 圣诞节过后，我将开始认真的求职。根据空前的get down可知，此处应用介词to，固定搭配get down to sth.“开始专注于某事: 指开始专注于某项任务或活动”。故填to。 8. Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s get down first ________ some complicated tasks. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意: 不管怎样，我们现在到了，所以让我们先开始一些复杂的任务。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语get down to意为“开始着手做某事”符合句意，所以此处使用介词to。故填to。 9. We need to get down to ________(analyse) why the castle is in such a bad state. 【答案】analysing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 我们需要认真分析一下为什么城堡的状况如此糟糕。get down to doing sth“开始认真做某事”，to是介词，故此处用动名词作宾语，故填analysing。 10. With the election out of the way, the government can get down ________ business. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意: 随着选举的结束，政府可以开始工作了。get down to为固定搭配，意为“开始做......”，符合句意，故答案为to。 11. By the time we arrived at the lecture hall, all the good seats ________(take). 【答案】had been taken 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意: 当我们到达报告厅时，所有的好座位都坐满了。空处作谓语，根据By the time we arrived at the lecture hall可知，座位坐满发生在到达之前，为过去的过去，用过去完成时，且seats与take构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been taken。 12.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ________(seat). 【答案】had been seated 【详解】考查谓语动词时态。句意: 演讲者进入大厅时，所有的听众都已就座。该空为句子的谓语部分，所给词seat为名词兼动词，作动词为及物动词，seat somebody/oneself意为“请某人就做”，在本句中后面没有宾语，表示已就坐，应使用被动语态be seated表示状态，根据时间状语By the time the speaker entered the hall可知，by the time的从句为一般过去时，主句应使用过去完成时。故填had been seated。 13.(23-24高二下·全国·课后作业)By the time she ________(get) home, her parents will have prepared some delicious food for her. 【答案】gets 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 当她回家的时候，她的父母会为她准备一些美味的食物。the time引导的是时间状语从句，结合主语将来完成时可知，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语she是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填gets。 14.(24-25高二上·吉林长春·阶段练习)Your ________(collect) relevant information will be of much help. 【答案】collecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 你收集相关信息会有很大帮助。形容词性物主代词Your后面接动名词形式，动名词复合结构在句中作主语。根据句意，故填collecting。 15.(24-25高二上·江苏·阶段练习)It is no use ________(intervene) in their argument; they never listen to anyone. 【答案】intervening 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 插手他们的争论是没有用的；他们从不听任何人的话。固定句型It is no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”，其中it为形式主语，动名词作真正的主语，本空使用intervene“出面，介入”的动名词形式。故填intervening。 16.(24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中)It’s a waste of time ________(talk) about such useless things. 【答案】talking 【详解】考查动名词。句意: 谈论这些无用的事情是浪费时间。It’s a waste of time doing sth.“做……是浪费时间的”。it为形式主语，动名词为真正的主语。故填talking。 17.(24-25高二上·四川成都·期中)With the instant replay facilities, ________(miss) our favorite sporting moments is now a thing of the past. 【答案】missing 【详解】考查动名词。句意: 有了即时回放设备，错过我们最喜欢的体育时刻现在是过去的事情。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意，此处表示的是一般性或经常性发生的动作，所以使用动名词形式作主语。故填missing。 18.(24-25高二上·北京·期中)He intends to devote his life to ________(cure) the sick in India. 【答案】curing 【详解】考查动名词。句意: 他打算把自己的一生奉献给在印度治病救人。devote one’s life to doing sth.是固定短语，表示“献身于/一生致力于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填curing。 19.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)Miss Guo made up her mind to devote herself to ________(improve) her spoke English before the contest. 【答案】improving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 郭小姐决心在比赛前致力于提高她的英语口语。根据空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该用动名词improving作宾语。故填improving。 20.(24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中)Jacob, who is 6 years old, is looking forward to ________(take) to the Great Wall. 【答案】being taken 【详解】考查非谓语。句意: 雅各布今年6岁，他期待着被带到长城。分析句子可知，这里考查look forward to doing，表“期待作某事”，为固定搭配，且逻辑主语Jacob与take为被动关系，所以此空应用动名词的被动语态形式。故填being taken。 21.(24-25高二上·河南信阳·期中)Scientists believe it no good ________(bathe) in the sun for longtime, especially in summer days. 【答案】being bathed 【详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意: 科学家们认为长时间沐浴在阳光下并不好，尤其是在夏天。believe it no good doing sth.是固定短语，意为“相信做某事没有好处”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词，“沐浴在阳光下”是be bathed in the sun，因此空格处是being bathed。故填being bathed. 完成句子 1. Honestly, it can be both exciting and terrifying to explore a vast unknown land.(改写为-ing形式作主语) 【答案】Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 老实说，探索一片广阔的未知土地既令人兴奋又令人恐惧。原句中it作形式主语，不定式短语to explore a vast unknown land作真正的主语，根据所给要求可知，可用动名词短语exploring a vast unknown land作主语，系表结构can be both exciting and terrifying不变。故答案为: Honestly, exploring a vast unknown land can be both exciting and terrifying. 2. It would hardly be possible to go on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter due to the extreme cold.(改写ing形式作主语) 【答案】Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold. 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意: 冬天去沙瑞克远足是不可能的，因为那里非常寒冷。根据题目要求，此处改为动名词短语Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter ，作主语，故改为Going on a hiking tour in Sarek in winter would hardly be possible due to the extreme cold. 3. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week? (用动名词改写句子) 【答案】Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week? 【详解】考查动名词。句意: 我们这周不进行急救训练有什么原因吗？why we are not going to have 可以转化成动名词作宾语，for表示原因，接动名词作宾语。故填Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week? 4. Most of the people who had applied for this position were turned down, but he stood out because he was good at working with others.(applicant, cooperate)(用提示词改写句子) 【答案】Most of the applicants were turned down, but he stood out because he was good at cooperating. 【详解】考查名词、动名词。句意: 大多数申请这个职位的人都被拒绝了，但他脱颖而出，因为他善于与他人合作。将people who had applied“申请这个职位的人”，变为applicant“申请人”，根据Most of可知，用applicant的复数，作主语。将working with others“与他人合作”，变为cooperate“合作”，用动名词cooperating，作was good at的宾语，其余不变。故答案为: Most of the applicants were turned down, but he stood out because he was good at cooperating. 真题感知 1.(24-25高二上·福建·单元测试)He’s a responsible writer, and he deserves ________(respect). 【答案】to be respected/respecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 他是一个负责任的作家，他应该受到尊重。此处为短语deserve to do sth.，且respect与he构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。deserve doing也可表示“值得被做”。故填to be respected或respecting。 2.(24-25高二下·江苏盐城·期中)He observed that the bacteria ________(surround) the mould were dead. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。此处surround与bacteria构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，故填surrounding。 3.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)The time we spent together is now a ________(distance) memory. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 我们共度的时光如今已成为遥远的回忆。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，distant，表“遥远的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填distant。 4.(24-25高二·福建漳州·期中)You can rely on ________ that my introduction and efforts can deepen visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意: 你可以相信，我的介绍和努力可以加深游客对中国传统文化的理解。分析句子结构可知，空后为that引导的从句作真正的宾语，所以空处应用代词it作形式宾语。故填it。 5.(24-25高二·福建厦门·期中)In summary, what you say should be consistent ________ what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意: 总之，你的言行要一致，否则别人不会相信你。be consistent with“和……一致”，固定短语，故填with。 6.(24-25高二上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ________(seat). 【答案】had been seated 【详解】考查谓语动词时态。句意: 演讲者进入大厅时，所有的听众都已就座。该空为句子的谓语部分，所给词seat为名词兼动词，作动词为及物动词，seat somebody/oneself意为“请某人就做”，在本句中后面没有宾语，表示已就坐，应使用被动语态be seated表示状态，根据时间状语By the time the speaker entered the hall可知，by the time的从句为一般过去时，主句应使用过去完成时。故填had been seated。 7.(24-25高二上·江苏·阶段练习)It is no use ________(intervene) in their argument; they never listen to anyone. 【答案】intervening 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 插手他们的争论是没有用的；他们从不听任何人的话。固定句型It is no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用”，其中it为形式主语，动名词作真正的主语，本空使用intervene“出面，介入”的动名词形式。故填intervening。 8.(24-25高二上·福建漳州·期中)It’s a waste of time ________(talk) about such useless things. 【答案】talking 【详解】考查动名词。句意: 谈论这些无用的事情是浪费时间。It’s a waste of time doing sth.“做……是浪费时间的”。it为形式主语，动名词为真正的主语。故填talking。 9.(24-25高二上·四川内江·期中)Miss Guo made up her mind to devote herself to ________(improve) her spoke English before the contest. 【答案】improving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 郭小姐决心在比赛前致力于提高她的英语口语。根据空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该用动名词improving作宾语。故填improving。 10.(24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中)Jacob, who is 6 years old, is looking forward to ________(take) to the Great Wall. 【答案】being taken 【详解】考查非谓语。句意: 雅各布今年6岁，他期待着被带到长城。分析句子可知，这里考查look forward to doing，表“期待作某事”，为固定搭配，且逻辑主语Jacob与take为被动关系，所以此空应用动名词的被动语态形式。故填being taken。 11.(24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中)I was frightened to death when I caught sight of a snake in the ________(distant). 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意: 我看见远处有条蛇，吓得要命。空前有the，空处应用名词作宾语，distance意为“距离，远处”，in the distance意为“在远处”。故填distance。 12.(24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习)The time we spent together is now a ________(distance) memory. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 我们共度的时光如今已成为遥远的回忆。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，distant，表“遥远的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填distant。 提升专练 单句语法填空 1. She works so hard that we all think she deserves ________(get) the scholarship. 【答案】to get 【详解】考查动词短语。句意: 她学习很努力，所以我们都认为她应该获得奖学金。deserve to do sth. 意为“值得干某事”。故填to get。 2. Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper ________ myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意: 面对挑战，我知道我会对自己说“做你自己”。句中whisper to sb为固定短语，意为“对某人低声说”。故填to。 3. We had to talk with each other ________ whispers, for the others were sleeping. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意: 我们不得不低声交谈，因为其他人都在睡觉。根据句意和句子结构，此处考查介词短语in whispers，意为“低声地，小声地”，作状语。故填in。 4. “Made in China 2025” aims ________(transform) China from a manufacturing giant into a manufacturing power, one driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity. 【答案】to transform 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意: “中国制造2025”旨在将中国从制造大国转变为制造强国，以创新为动力，以质量为导向。aim to do意为“旨在做某事”，所以此处应用to do不定式。动词transform意为“转变”。故填to transform。 5. The way in which we work has undergone a complete ________(transform) in the past decade. 【答案】transformation 【详解】考查名词。句意: 在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式发生了彻底的变化。此处作宾语，应用名词transformation，由由空前冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填transformation。 6. Having been transformed ________ a powerful one, the firm decided to extend business to Europe. 【答案】into 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意: 这家公司已被转变为一家实力雄厚的公司,决定把业务扩展到欧洲。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配transform...into...，意为“把……改变成……”。故填into。 7. When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself ________(surround) by doctors and nurses. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 当他在医院醒来时，他发现周围都是医生和护士。这里是“find+宾语+宾补”结构，himself和surround之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填surrounded。 8. That weekend, we went to a ________(surround) neighborhood and gave them to the people there free of charge. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区，把它们免费送给了那里的人们。空格处位于名词之前，所以需要填入形容词作定语，surround的形容词为surrounding意为“附近的”。故填surrounding。 9. There was no guarantee ________ he could earn enough for three daily meals. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意: 谁也不能保证他能挣够三餐的钱。此处为连接词引导的同位语从句，解释名词guarantee，从句中不缺少句子成分，且句意完整，应使用连接词that。故填that。 10. Your watch will be repaired for free if it is still ________ guarantee. 【答案】under 【详解】考查介词。句意: 如果您的手表仍在保修期内，我们将免费修理它。under guarantee意为“在保质期内”，固定搭配。故填under。 11. The film ________(adapt) from the classic went viral on the internet. 【答案】adapted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 这部由经典名著改编的电影在网上走红。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词film与adpate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填adapted。 12. We are surprised at the ________(adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions. 【答案】adaptation 【详解】考查名词。句意: 我们对沙漠物种适应炎热条件感到惊讶。根据空前的the，空处应用名词。adaptation意为“适应”，为不可数名词。故填adaptation。 13. What points can be raised in ________(defend) of this argument? 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意: 我们可以提出哪些观点来为这一论点辩护？作介词的宾语，短语in defence of表示“辩护”。故填defence。 14.(23-24高二上·全国·课后作业)Their duty is to defend the country ________ its enemies. 【答案】against/from 【详解】考查介词。句意: 他们的职责是保卫国家不受敌人的攻击。根据defend以及语境可知，本题考查固定短语defend sth. against/from“保护……使不受危险”。故填against/from。 15. Body language can give away a lot about your mood; standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being ________(defend). 【答案】defensive 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 肢体语言可以透露出很多你的情绪信息，双臂交叉站立表明你存有戒心。空处作表语，表示“戒备的；怀有戒心的”，故填defensive。 16. When Helen criticized me, Chris came to my ________(defend). 【答案】defence/defense 【详解】考查名词。句意: 当海伦批评我时，克里斯站出来为我辩护。根据“my”可知，空处需填名词，defend是动词，表示“辩护，捍卫”，名词是defence或defense，come to one’s defence/defense表示“为某人辩护”符合句意。故填defence或defense。 17. I can’t find ________(suit) words to express my excitement. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意: 我找不到合适的语言来表达我的激动。空处应为形容词“合适的”suitable，作定语，修饰名词words。故填suitable。 18. You have found the career that ________(suit) your talent. 【答案】suits 【详解】考查时态。句意: 你已经找到了适合你才能的职业。空处作定语从句的谓语，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。从句主语that指代先行词career，是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填suits。 19. We’ll hold a fruit­picking activity next Saturday on a farm which is ________ a distance of two kilometres from our school. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意: 下周六我们将在一个离我们学校两公里远的农场举行水果采摘活动。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此处表示“学校与农场相隔两公里”，可使用固定短语be at a distance of，意为“相隔......”。故填at。 20. Much to our delight, the sound of water ________ the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意: 令我们高兴的是，远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们赶到了河岸。固定短语in the distance表示“在远处”。故填in。 21. He abandoned ________(him) to the pursuit of excellence, dedicating his life to mastering his craft. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意: 他全身心投入到追求卓越中，致力于掌握自己的技艺。abandon oneself to意为“全身心投入”，需要用反身代词himself作宾语。故填himself。 22. The ________(abandon) boy finally abandoned ________(attend) the meeting. 【答案】abandoned; attending 【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意: 被遗弃的男孩最终放弃参加会议。第一空修饰boy应用形容词abandoned；第二空为短语 abandon doing sth.表示“放弃作某事”。故填①abandoned；②attending。 二、完成句子 1.①They sat at the back of the room, talking in a whisper. (同义句) →They sat at the back of the room, talking ________________________. ②It is whispered that he is heavily in debt. (同义句) →________________________ heavily in debt. 【答案】in a low voice; He is whispered to be 【详解】小题1: 考查固定搭配。句意: 他们坐在房间的后面，低声交谈。in a whisper表示“低声地”，与in a low voice(低声说)一致，所以填in a low voice。 小题2: 考查固定句型。句意: 有人私下说他负债累累。It is whispered that表示“有人私下说……”，that引导主语从句，相当于sb./sth. is whispered  to do...。所以填He is whispered to be。 2. They were talking in a whisper, so they seemed to be saying something secret.(同义句转换) → They were talking in a whisper, so it seemed as if ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】they; were; saying; something; secret 【详解】考查时态和表语从句。句意: 他们正在窃窃私语，所以好像正在说什么秘密的事情。空前“It seemed as if”后跟表语从句。原句前半句用了过去进行时，且后半句“they seemed to be saying something secret”中用了动词不定式的进行时态，可判定“as if”后的表语从句也用过去进行时。故答案是①they；②were；③saying；④something；⑤secret。 3. It was expected that the house would be completely transformed by then.(改为简单句) The house was expected ________ ________ completely ________ by then. 【答案】to; be; transformed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 预计到那时房子将完全改变。it be expected that固定句型，意为“预计……”，与sth/sb. be expected to do同义，意为“某人/某物预计做……”，所以将that引导的主语从句可以转换成不定式作主语补足语，house和动词transform是被动关系，此处表示“被转换”，应用不定式的被动语态，故填①to②be③transformed。 4. The garden was transformed from a quarry. It has now become a famous destination for travellers. ________ from a quarry, the garden has now become a famous destination for travellers. (同义句转换) 【答案】Transformed 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意: 这座花园由采石场改造而成，现在已成为著名的旅游胜地。动词transform和谓语has become之间没有连词，所以应用非谓语形式，和主语the garden构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填Transformed。 5. Tonya was surrounded by the cold sea water, and she was so frightened and just shouted crazily for help.(用含有非谓语动词作状语的句子改写) 【答案】Surrounded by the cold sea water, Tonya was so frightened and just shouted crazily for help. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 汤娅被冰冷的海水包围着，非常害怕，只是疯狂地大声呼救。根据所给句子和题目要求可知，此处surround与Tonya构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故改为Surrounded by the cold sea water, Tonya was so frightened and just shouted crazily for help. 6.(23-24高一下·广东茂名·阶段练习)When he woke up, he found that he was surrounded by some doctors.( 改为过去分词短语作宾语补足语句式) When he woke up, he ________ ________ ________ ________ some doctors. 【答案】found; himself; surrounded; by 【详解】考查find复合结构。句意: 当他醒来时，他发现自己被一些医生围着。此处使用find的复合结构“find+宾语+宾补”，宾语和主语he是同一指代对象，使用相应的反身代词himself作宾语，动词surround和宾语之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，“被……围着”使用介词by，句子是一般过去时。故填①found②himself③surrounded④by。 7. The shop said they would replace the television if it was still under guarantee. (升级为as long as引导的条件状语从句) The shop said they would replace the television ________________________. 【答案】as long as it was still under guarantee 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意: 商店说只要电视机仍在保修期内，他们就会更换。条件状语从句连词if“如果”可以换成as long as表示“只要”，故填as long as it was still under guarantee。 8. Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. (同义句转化) (句型转换) Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed ________ ________ ________ his son like an arrow. 【答案】in; defense; of 【详解】考查介词短语。句意: 看到凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。分析原句和转换句可知，需转换部分是to defend意为“去保护”，此处可以用介词短语替换: in defense of意为“为保卫……”。故填①in，②defense，③of。 9. They tried to defend themselves from the enemy. (改为同义句) →They tried to ________ themselves from the enemy. 【答案】protect 【详解】考查动词。句意: 他们设法保护自己不受敌人的攻击。根据句意以及句子要求可知，此处应为动词protect“保护”和原句动词defend“保护”意思一致，构成动词短语protect sb. from sth.“使某人免受于……”，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填protect。 10. Many teachers all believe that this English novel suits teenagers. (同义句转换) Many teachers all believe that this English novel ________ ________ ________ teenagers. 【答案】is; suitable; for 【详解】考查形容词短语。句意: 许多老师都认为这本英语小说适合青少年。空处对应原句中的“suits”，表示“适合”，结合所给空数可知，可用形容词短语be suitable for，且此处为一般现在时，主语this English novel为单数名词，因此be动词应用is。故填①is；②suitable；③for。 11. The man abandoned himself to alcohol, so he seldom cared about his family.(句型转换) →________ himself ________ alcohol, the man seldom cared about his family. 【答案】Abandoning; to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 这个人沉溺于酒精，所以很少关心他的家庭。分析题目可知，要求把原句为so连接的并列句变为一个句子。第一个设空处在句中作非谓语动词，和其逻辑主语之间是逻辑的主动关系，应用动词的现在分词的形式作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写，应为Abandoning；固定搭配abandon oneself to完全沉溺于。第二个设空处应为to。故填①Abandoning；②to。 12. Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself to a life of pleasure.(同义句转换) →Without worrying about anything, she ________________ a life of pleasure. 【答案】was abandoned to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意: 她无忧无虑地过着快活的生活。句中abandon oneself to可用be abandoned to替换，时态为一般过去时，主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was abandoned to。 13. I abandoned myself to computer games. I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination. →________________, I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(现在分词短语作状语) →________________, I performed extremely badly in the end­of­term examination.(过去分词短语作状语) 【答案】Abandoning myself to computer games; Abandoned to computer games 【详解】考查句型转换。句意: 我沉迷于电脑游戏。我在期末考试中表现得非常糟糕。①空处，根据题干要求，需改为现在分词短语作状语，abandon和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，故改为“abandoning myself to computer games”，②空处，根据题干要求，需改为过去分词短语作状语，则需把abandon改为和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，此处用固定搭配: be abandoned to意为“使全然陷入”，本句已有谓语动词performed，去掉be动词，故改为“abandoned to computer games”。故填①Abandoning myself to computer games，②Abandoned to computer games。 14. You may rely on his coming to meet you. (同义句转换) → → 【答案】You may rely on him to come to meet you.; You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 【详解】考查固定搭配和固定句型。句意: 你可以相信他会来接你。句中“rely on one’s doing...”是固定搭配，意为“信赖某人会做某事；相信某人会做某事”；可替换为固定搭配“rely on sb. to do...”，其中sb.作宾语，代词用宾格形式，不定式作宾语补足语；或者替换为固定句型“rely on it that...”，其中it作形式宾语，that是宾语从句。故原句可转换为①You may rely on him to come to meet you.；②You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.。 15. 这个俱乐部由八个成员组成。 (1)This club ________________ eight members. (consist) (2)This club ________________ eight members. (make up) (3)This club ________________ eight members. (compose) 【答案】consists of; is made up of; is composed of 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。表示“由……组成”第一句用短语consist of，为主动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时；第二句用短语make up，且与主语构成被动关系，用被动语态；第三句用短语compose of，与主语构成被动关系，陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态三个句子的主语都是单数形式，谓语动词用三单形式。故填①consists of；②is made up of；③is composed of。 16. 这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的历史和现状。(一句多译) ①The short film, ________________, introduces the history and present situation of our school. (运用分词短语作定语，consist) ②The short film, ________________, introduces the history and present situation of our school. (运用定语从句，consist) 【答案】consisting of two parts; which consists of two parts 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及定语从句。根据句意可知，空处需要短语consist of“由……组成”，两部分可翻译为“two parts”。consist of为动词短语，第一个句中需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词短语和修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。现在分词作定语，可以转换成定语从句，所以第二个句子使用非限定性定语从句修饰先行词the short film，先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句。consist of在定语从句中作谓语动词。结合introduces可知本句话描述一般事实，所以从句用一般现在时态。which指代“the short film”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填①consisting of two parts②which consists of two parts。 17. By the time she ________________(追上) her husband, their children had been already back home safe and sound.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】caught up with 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意: 当她赶上丈夫时，他们的孩子已经平安到家了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“追上”对应的动词短语catch up with，在句子中作谓语，结合主句的had been可知By短语描述的是过去的事情，省略了引导词的定语从句的时态用一般过去时。故填caught up with。 18. The boy was addicted to computer games, and he didn’t want to study.(升级为形容词短语作状语) →________ ________ ________ ________, the boy didn’t want to study. 【答案】Addicted; to; computer; games 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 这个男孩沉迷于电脑游戏，他不想学习。be addicted to沉迷于，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词。故填Addicted to computer games。 19.(24-25高二上·全国·课前预习)It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history.(改写ing形式作主语) 【答案】Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 强烈建议雇佣当地导游，因为他们能够提供准确的Sarek文化和历史知识。原句中的“It is strongly advised to hire local guides”实际上是以形式主语it代替了真正的主语to hire local guides。为了使句子更加简洁流畅，可以用动名词短语hiring local guides直接放在句首作为主语。故改写为Hiring local guides is strongly advised, because they can offer accurate knowledge of Sarek culture and history. 20. It is good to adopt a positive attitude, even when things are difficult.(改写ing形式作主语) 【答案】Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult. 【详解】考查动名词短语作主语。句意: 即使遇到困难，保持积极的态度也是好的。根据句意以及句子的要求提示可知，原句主句部分可转换为动名词短语作句子的主语，即adopting a positive attitude“保持积极的态度”作主语，谓语动词用单数，形容词good“好的”作表语，从句为even when things are difficult。故答案是: Adopting a positive attitude is good, even when things are difficult. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$