高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨导学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨 —— 推理判断题 Learning Aims 1. Understand the characteristics and types of inference questions; 2. Master the methods and skills of answering inference questions; 3. Improve students' ability to infer information in reading materials. Step 1 Lead in Q：What is an inference question? An inference question looks like this： 题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： 1.It can be inferred /concluded from the passage that _______ . 2.The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that _______ . 3.The purpose of the passage is to get people to _______ . 4.Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from ? 5.What’s the writer’s attitude towards _______? 6.What does the author think about ...? Step 2 Classification 推理题分类： 1. 2. 3. 4. Step 3 Exercise （1）细节推理 1 (2021全国甲卷) The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. Q：What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve? A. The rhino section will be open to the public. B. It aims to control the number of the animals. C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. ②More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the "year off" between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year... That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. … Q：What do we learn about the gap year from the text ? A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation. C. It is required by universities. D. It is increasingly popular. ＊Tip one Base your inference on evidence. （2）写作目的 ①(2023全国I卷) After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. ...With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. Q：What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John’s research plans. B.To show an application of John’s idea. C.To compare John’s different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John’s invention. ②(2023全国II卷) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. Q：What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. ＊Tip two Pay attention to words like but , however , yet , to do ,in order to , etc. （3）文章出处 ①The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉) . Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Q：Where does this text probably come from? A. Science fiction. B. Children's literature. B. C. An advertisement. D. A science report. ②(2023全国II卷) In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks —transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. Q：Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. ＊Tip three Know the basics of various types of writing . （4）情感态度 ① The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth … I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months. Q：What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. ②(2023全国乙卷) One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. Q：How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting ＊Tip four Focus on description of environment , emotions , feelings , especially adjectives , adverbs . Step 4 Summary （1）划出关键速定位 （2）反复研读多对比 （3）由浅入深细推理 （4）准确理解言外意 Step 5 Self-evaluation (Individual work) Performance Excellent Good In need of  improvement I use the tips well.       I learned the features of the improper choices.       I took an active part in group work and made contributions to the group.       I still need to improve                               . Step 6 Homework Finish the exercises from the past college entrance examination papers. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨 —— 推理判断题 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Understand the characteristics and types of inference questions; 1 2 Improve students’ ability to infer information in reading materials . 3 Learning Aims Master the methods and skills of answering inference questions; www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 What is an inference question? www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： 1.It can be inferred /concluded from the passage that________ . 2.The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that_____ . 3.The purpose of the passage is to get people to ________ . 4.Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from ? 5.What’s the writer’s attitude towards _______? 6.What does the author think about ...? An inference question looks like this： www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 推理题 细节推理 写作目的 文章出处 情感态度 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 (2021全国甲卷) The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. ●What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve? A. The rhino section will be open to the public. B. It aims to control the number of the animals. C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. 细节推理 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 More students than ever before are taking a gap year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the "year off" between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year... That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. … What do we learn about the gap year from the text ? A. It is flexible in length. B. It is a time for relaxation. C. It is required by universities. D. It is increasingly popular. 细节推理 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Base your inference on evidence，（the given information）. Tip one www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 (2023全国I卷) After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. ...With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. ●What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John’s research plans. B.To show an application of John’s idea. C.To compare John’s different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John’s invention. 写作目的 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 (2023全国II卷) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. ●What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. tip:but, however, yet这些词后面的句子往往是作者真正的意图。 写作目的 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Pay attention to words like but , however , yet , to do ,in order to , etc. Tip two www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉) . Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. ●Where does this text probably come from? A. A science fiction. B. Children's literature. C. An advertisement. D. A science report. 文章出处 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 (2023全国II卷) In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. ●Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 在这本“书之书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系 书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰 从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。 文章出处 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Know the basics of various types of writing. Tip three www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 The freezing Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth … I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months. ●What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying. 情感态度 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 (2023全国乙卷) One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. ●How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。 情感态度 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Focus on description of environment , emotions , feelings , especially adjectives , adverbs. Tip four www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Summary Base your inference on evidence（the given information）. Pay attention to words like but , however , yet , to do , in order to , etc. Know the basics of various types of writing. Focus on description of environment , emotions , feelings , especially adjectives , adverbs. www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Self-evaluation (Individual work) Performance Excellent Good In need of improvement I use the tips well. I learned the features of the improper choices. I took an active part in group work and made contributions to the group. I still need to improve . www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 Finish the exercises from the past college entrance examination papers. Homework www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 www.dyez.net 明德笃行 自强不息 $$