2025届高考重点知识背诵及真题专项练习Unit2The Universal Language（牛津译林版选择性必修第一册）

UNIT 2 The universal language 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.dramatic news 激动人心的消息 2.weep bitterly痛苦地哭泣 3.the strength to overcome the difficulty 克服困难的勇气 4.the joys and sorrows of childhood童年的欢乐和悲伤 5.love you forever永远爱你 6.combine what you have learned with practice把学到的东西和实践相结合 7.work in pleasant surroundings在愉快的环境中工作 8.give a guarantee of good behaviour保证行为端正 9.a convinced communist一个坚定的共产主义者 10.improve traffic flow 改善交通流量 11.solar power 太阳能 12.sit staring into the distance 坐在那里凝视着远方 13.his unusual behaviour他的反常行为 14.grab her arm and drag her back抓住她的胳膊拽她回来 15.sweep the floor 打扫地板 16.accompany me on a trip to Africa陪我一起去非洲旅行 17.a remarkable achievement 一项非凡的成就 18.the shallow stream 浅溪 19.a vast amount of information大量信息 20.have a good/bad reputation 名声好/坏 21.a brilliant and extraordinary genius一个聪颖而杰出的天才 22.sing and dance with abandon尽情地唱歌、跳舞 23.sounds of a desperate struggle in the room房间里拼命挣扎的声音 24.an uplifting speech 一个令人振奋的演说 25.a very grand occasion 一个非常隆重的场面 26.polish his glasses with a handkerchief用手绢揩拭他的眼镜 27.upset adj.难过的，失望的；生气的vt.（upset， upset）使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 ①upset a lot of people使许多人不快 ②upset our arrangements打乱我们的安排 ③get upset about it 为此事难过 28.ease n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi.& vt.（使）宽慰，减轻 ①feel at ease感到自由自在 ②pass the exams with ease轻松通过考试 ③help ease the pain有助于减轻痛苦 29.deserve vt.值得，应得 The columns of Youth are so novel and appealing that they deserve reading/to be read regularly. （投稿） 《青春》的栏目非常新颖而且有吸引力，他们值得经常阅读。 30.whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言 My mother gathered me into her arms and whispered to comfort me. （动作描写） 我妈妈搂着我，小声安慰我。 31.greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼 Not far from us， a middle-aged man was taking a sunbath， greeting us with a smile now and then. （场景描写） 在离我们不远的地方，一名中年男子正在晒日光浴，不时对我们报之以微笑。 二、阅读词汇 1.symphony n.交响乐，交响曲 2.grave n.坟墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的 3.blues n.（the blues）布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 4.tune n.曲调，曲子vt.调音；调频道；调整 5.rural adj.乡村的，农村的 6.communist adj.共产主义的n.共产主义者 7.breeze n.微风，和风 8.jazz n.爵士乐 9.arch n.拱门；拱 10.recording n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 11.spacecraft n.航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船 12.volume n.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 13.disc n.唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片 14.chorus n.合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 15.rhythm n.节奏，韵律，律动；规律 16.[人教选必三UNIT 5]Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. adj.民间的，民俗的 17.[外研选必三UNIT 4]He spent the next 22 years until his death，working the land in a poor，rural area. adj.乡村的，农村的 18.[北师大选必三UNIT 9]In comparison with other species， cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”， and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated. adj.复杂的，难懂的 三、派生词汇 1.composer n.作曲家，作曲者→compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写，使镇静 2.transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化→transformation n.转化；转换；变形 3.adaptation n.改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt.使适应；改编 vi.适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的 4.greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n.问候，招呼；（pl.）祝词；贺词 5.suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v.对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n.套装，西装 6.distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n.距离；远方 7.breath n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→breathe vi.呼吸 8.expectation n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt.期望；指望；认为；预料 vi.期待；预期 9.enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n.热心，热忱，热情 10.gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的→gift n.礼物；天赋；赠品 11.prediction n.预言，预测→predict v.预言，预知；断言 12.depress vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n.抑郁（症）；消沉；萧条（期） 13.possess vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制→possession n.拥有；（pl.）财产；财物 短语词块 1.tear apart使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 2.rely on依赖，依靠；信任 3.throw in奉送，额外赠送 4.for good measure作为额外增添 5.consist of由……组成（或构成） 6.get down to （doing） sth开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事 7.all of a sudden突然，猛地 8.turn out最后是，结果是 9.be well received across the world受到全世界的欢迎/好评 10.be capable of doing sth能够做某事；有能力做某事 11.stream into不断涌进；源源不断地流入 12.break into突然开始（做某事）；闯入；破门而入 13.the universal language通用语言，世界语言 14.a classical musician一位古典音乐家 15.in the Tang Dynasty 在唐朝 16.in the early 18th-century在十八世纪早期 17.watch a music performance live现场观看音乐表演 18.host family寄宿家庭，东道主家庭 19.put on a series of free concerts举办一系列免费音乐会 20.in the downtown square在市中心广场上 21.hear the first-ever performance of sb聆听某人的首次演出 22.express one’s appreciation of one’s masterwork对某人的杰作表示赞赏 23.one of the worst possible twists for sb对某人而言最糟糕的转折点之一 教材句式 1.句式：形容词（短语）作状语 原句：Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies.在愤怒和悲伤中，梁山伯生病去世。 2.句式：动词-ing形式作状语 原句：I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio，holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌的第一串音符。 3.句式：who引导定语从句 原句：Beethoven， who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life， was unaware of the audience’s response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd. 当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才意识到观众的反应。 4.句式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语 原句：Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork. 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 5.句式：by the time引导时间状语从句 原句：By the time he was a teenager， he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 6.句式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句 原句：He was so upset that，at first，he wanted to keep it a secret.他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽力隐瞒。 专项练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2023·全国乙卷，B]Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazylooking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 1．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields. 2．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A．Proper time management. B．Good shooting techniques. C．Adventurous spirit. D．Distinctive styles. 3．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment. 4．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake? A．Amusing. B．Satisfying. C．Encouraging. D．Comforting. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。 1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者探险的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。 2．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。 3．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。 4．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。 B [2023·全国甲卷，C]I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner. C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher. 6．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A．To compare Weiner with them. B．To give examples of great works. C．To praise their writing skills. D．To help readers understand Weiner's book. 7．What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A．Its views on history are wellpresented. B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C．It includes comments from readers. D．It leaves an open ending. 8．What does the author think of Weiner's book? A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。 5．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 6．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。 7．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。 8．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们体验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiner的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiner的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·湖北省期中试题]When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident. I woke up with a severe__1__injury and I learned that my IQ had dropped. Worse still, I had to__2__ from college, and people said to me, “You're not going to finish college. There are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you.” I had identified with being smart, and had been called__3__as a child. Having my __4__taken from me, I felt entirely__5__. I worked and worked, and__6__graduated from college, which took me four years longer than others. After that, I applied to a graduate program and__7__someone, my advisor Susan to take me on, and so I __8__at Princeton. I still felt I was not supposed to be there. The night before my firstyear __9__I was so afraid that I called her and said, “I'm__10__.” She said, “You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do. You are going to __11__ it and do every talk that you ever get asked to do, even if you're __12__ until you have this moment where you say, ‘Oh my gosh, I'm doing it. I have become this.’” So that's what I did. I spent five years in graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker. I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till __13__ it. Our __14__ can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our __15__. 1．A.face B．head C．back D．skin 2．A.withdraw B．graduate C．escape D．return 3．A.patient B．reserved C．gifted D．diligent 4．A.mood B．dream C．career D．identity 5．A.cheerful B．powerless C．indifferent D．optimistic 6．A.suddenly B．naturally C．eventually D．reluctantly 7．A.convinced B．reminded C．instructed D．allowed 8．A.drop out B．end up C．start over D．fall behind 9．A.exam B．interview C．reception D．talk 10．A.staying B．leaving C．quitting D．dreaming 11．A.fake B．practice C．recall D．ignore 12．A.discouraged B．inspired C．enlightened D．terrified 13．A.failed B．became C．forgot D．cherished 14．A.lessons B．experience C．insight D．minds 15．A.outcomes B．beliefs C．personality D．talent 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者经历车祸后，克服困难，坚持学习，最终成为公众演说家，强调思想和行为能改变结果。 1．答案与解析：B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我醒来时头部严重受伤，我知道我的智商下降了。A. face脸；B.head头；C.back背；D.skin皮肤。根据下文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知，作者由于车祸而导致智商下降，由此可推测，作者是头部受伤。故选B。 2．答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我不得不从大学退学，人们对我说：“你不可能完成大学学业。你还有其他事情要做，但那对你来说不会有效果。”A.withdraw撤回；B.graduate毕业；C.escape逃避；D.return返回。根据上文“I learned that my IQ had dropped”可知，作者智商下降；而结合下文“You're not going to finish college.”可知，作者是从大学退学。故选A。 3．答案与解析：C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被认为是聪明的，小时候被称为有天赋的孩子。A.patient耐心的；B.reserved保留的、含蓄的；C.gifted有天赋的；D.diligent勤奋的。根据上文“I had identified with being smart”可推测，作者从小被认为很聪明，由此可知，作者幼时被称为有天赋的孩子。故选C。 4．答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的身份被剥夺了，我感到完全无力。A.mood情绪；B.dream梦想；C.career职业；D.identity身份。根据上文可知，作者从小很聪明，但是由于车祸，作者智商下降，不得不从大学退学，由此可知，作者感觉自己所拥有的一切都被剥夺了。故选D。 5．答案与解析：B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的身份被剥夺了，我感到完全无力。A.cheerful开心的；B.powerless无力的；C.indifferent漠不关心的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据上文可知，作者原本很聪明在上大学，突然遭遇车祸，智商下降，不得不退学。由此可知，作者此时感到无力。故选B。 6．答案与解析：C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我学了又学，最后大学毕业了，这比别人多花了四年时间。A.suddenly突然；B.naturally自然而然地；C.eventually最终；D.reluctantly勉强地。根据上文“I worked and worked”可知，作者比别人多学了四年后终于大学毕业了。故选C。 7．答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我申请了一个研究生项目，并说服了我的导师Susan录取了我，所以我最终进入了普林斯顿大学。A.convinced劝服、使相信；B.reminded提醒；C.instructed指导；D.allowed允许。根据上文“After that, I applied to a graduate program”以及下文“I was so afraid that I called her and said, ‘I'm __10__.’”可推测，作者是说服了导师Susan录取了自己。故选A。 8．答案与解析：B　考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我申请了一个研究生项目，并说服了我的导师Susan录取了我，所以我最终进入了普林斯顿大学。A.drop out退学；B.end up结束；C.start over重新开始；D.fall behind落后。根据上文“After that, I applied to a graduate program and __7__ someone, my advisor Susan to take me on，”可知，作者被自己的导师Susan录取，最终被普林斯顿大学录取。故选B。 9．答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我第一年演讲的前一天晚上，我非常害怕，我打电话给她说：“我想放弃。”A. exam考试；B.interview采访；C.reception接待；D.talk谈话、演讲。根据下文“do every talk that you ever get asked to do”可知，作者是要进行第一学年的演讲。故选D。 10．答案与解析：C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一年演讲的前一天晚上，我非常害怕，我打电话给她说：“我想放弃。” A. staying保持；B.leaving离开；C.quitting停止；D.dreaming梦想。根据下文“You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do.”可知，作者是在演讲前晚打了退堂鼓，想放弃演讲，而老师则鼓励作者继续下去。故选C。 11．答案与解析：A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“你要留下来，这就是你要做的。你要装出来，做每一个你被要求做的演讲，即使你很害怕，直到你说，‘哦，我的天哪，我在做。我成了这样。’”A.fake造假；B.practice练习；C.recall回忆；D.ignore忽视。根据下文“I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till __13__ it.”可知，作者的老师希望作者假装做演讲直到自己完成演讲。故选A。 12．答案与解析：D　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“你要留下来，这就是你要做的。你要装出来，做每一个你被要求做的演讲，即使你很害怕，直到你说，‘哦，我的天哪，我在做。我成了这样。’”A.discouraged沮丧的；B.inspired受到激励的；C.enlightened开明的；D.terrified害怕的。根据空前的“even if”以及上文作者曾经想放弃演讲可知，作者是因为感到害怕才想放弃。而导师则希望作者即便害怕，也要假装无所畏惧。故选D。 13．答案与解析：B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，在我成功之前我不只是假装成为演讲家，我一直假装做这件事，直到成为一名演讲家。A.failed失败；B.became成为；C.forgot忘记；D.cherished重视。根据上文“So that's what I did. I spent five years in graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker.”可知，作者听从导师的建议，一路假装竟然成为了演讲家，由此可知，作者的意思是一路假装，作者已经取得了成功。故选B。 14．答案与解析：D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的思想可以改变我们的行为，而我们的行为可以改变我们的结果。A.lessons教训；B.experience经历、经验；C.insight洞察力；D.minds头脑、精神、想法。根据上文内容可知，作者的导师希望作者在害怕的时候也能进行心理暗示，假装自己可以。而作者通过这样的方法，成为了一个演讲家，取得了成功。由此可知，作者认为我们的思想可以改变我们的行为。故选D。 15．答案与解析：A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的思想可以改变我们的行为，而我们的行为可以改变我们的结果。A.outcomes结果；B.beliefs信念；C.personality个性；D.talent才能。根据上文可知，作者通过不断的心理暗示，告诉自己可以做；而有了这样的思想，我们改变了自己的行为，而最终取得了好的结果。由此可推测，作者认为我们的行为可以改变我们的结果。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 2 The universal language 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.dramatic news 激动人心的消息 2.weep bitterly痛苦地哭泣 3.the strength to overcome the difficulty 克服困难的勇气 4.the joys and sorrows of childhood童年的欢乐和悲伤 5.love you forever永远爱你 6.combine what you have learned with practice把学到的东西和实践相结合 7.work in pleasant surroundings在愉快的环境中工作 8.give a guarantee of good behaviour保证行为端正 9.a convinced communist一个坚定的共产主义者 10.improve traffic flow 改善交通流量 11.solar power 太阳能 12.sit staring into the distance 坐在那里凝视着远方 13.his unusual behaviour他的反常行为 14.grab her arm and drag her back抓住她的胳膊拽她回来 15.sweep the floor 打扫地板 16.accompany me on a trip to Africa陪我一起去非洲旅行 17.a remarkable achievement 一项非凡的成就 18.the shallow stream 浅溪 19.a vast amount of information大量信息 20.have a good/bad reputation 名声好/坏 21.a brilliant and extraordinary genius一个聪颖而杰出的天才 22.sing and dance with abandon尽情地唱歌、跳舞 23.sounds of a desperate struggle in the room房间里拼命挣扎的声音 24.an uplifting speech 一个令人振奋的演说 25.a very grand occasion 一个非常隆重的场面 26.polish his glasses with a handkerchief用手绢揩拭他的眼镜 27.upset adj.难过的，失望的；生气的vt.（upset， upset）使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 ①upset a lot of people使许多人不快 ②upset our arrangements打乱我们的安排 ③get upset about it 为此事难过 28.ease n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi.& vt.（使）宽慰，减轻 ①feel at ease感到自由自在 ②pass the exams with ease轻松通过考试 ③help ease the pain有助于减轻痛苦 29.deserve vt.值得，应得 The columns of Youth are so novel and appealing that they deserve reading/to be read regularly. （投稿） 《青春》的栏目非常新颖而且有吸引力，他们值得经常阅读。 30.whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言 My mother gathered me into her arms and whispered to comfort me. （动作描写） 我妈妈搂着我，小声安慰我。 31.greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼 Not far from us， a middle-aged man was taking a sunbath， greeting us with a smile now and then. （场景描写） 在离我们不远的地方，一名中年男子正在晒日光浴，不时对我们报之以微笑。 二、阅读词汇 1.symphony n.交响乐，交响曲 2.grave n.坟墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的 3.blues n.（the blues）布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 4.tune n.曲调，曲子vt.调音；调频道；调整 5.rural adj.乡村的，农村的 6.communist adj.共产主义的n.共产主义者 7.breeze n.微风，和风 8.jazz n.爵士乐 9.arch n.拱门；拱 10.recording n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 11.spacecraft n.航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船 12.volume n.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 13.disc n.唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片 14.chorus n.合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 15.rhythm n.节奏，韵律，律动；规律 16.[人教选必三UNIT 5]Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. adj.民间的，民俗的 17.[外研选必三UNIT 4]He spent the next 22 years until his death，working the land in a poor，rural area. adj.乡村的，农村的 18.[北师大选必三UNIT 9]In comparison with other species， cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”， and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated. adj.复杂的，难懂的 三、派生词汇 1.composer n.作曲家，作曲者→compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写，使镇静 2.transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化→transformation n.转化；转换；变形 3.adaptation n.改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt.使适应；改编 vi.适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的 4.greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n.问候，招呼；（pl.）祝词；贺词 5.suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v.对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n.套装，西装 6.distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n.距离；远方 7.breath n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→breathe vi.呼吸 8.expectation n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt.期望；指望；认为；预料 vi.期待；预期 9.enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n.热心，热忱，热情 10.gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的→gift n.礼物；天赋；赠品 11.prediction n.预言，预测→predict v.预言，预知；断言 12.depress vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n.抑郁（症）；消沉；萧条（期） 13.possess vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制→possession n.拥有；（pl.）财产；财物 短语词块 1.tear apart使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 2.rely on依赖，依靠；信任 3.throw in奉送，额外赠送 4.for good measure作为额外增添 5.consist of由……组成（或构成） 6.get down to （doing） sth开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事 7.all of a sudden突然，猛地 8.turn out最后是，结果是 9.be well received across the world受到全世界的欢迎/好评 10.be capable of doing sth能够做某事；有能力做某事 11.stream into不断涌进；源源不断地流入 12.break into突然开始（做某事）；闯入；破门而入 13.the universal language通用语言，世界语言 14.a classical musician一位古典音乐家 15.in the Tang Dynasty 在唐朝 16.in the early 18th-century在十八世纪早期 17.watch a music performance live现场观看音乐表演 18.host family寄宿家庭，东道主家庭 19.put on a series of free concerts举办一系列免费音乐会 20.in the downtown square在市中心广场上 21.hear the first-ever performance of sb聆听某人的首次演出 22.express one’s appreciation of one’s masterwork对某人的杰作表示赞赏 23.one of the worst possible twists for sb对某人而言最糟糕的转折点之一 教材句式 1.句式：形容词（短语）作状语 原句：Angry and sad， Liang falls sick and dies.在愤怒和悲伤中，梁山伯生病去世。 2.句式：动词-ing形式作状语 原句：I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio，holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待这首歌的第一串音符。 3.句式：who引导定语从句 原句：Beethoven， who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life， was unaware of the audience’s response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd. 当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才意识到观众的反应。 4.句式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语 原句：Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork. 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 5.句式：by the time引导时间状语从句 原句：By the time he was a teenager， he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 6.句式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句 原句：He was so upset that，at first，he wanted to keep it a secret.他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽力隐瞒。 专项练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2023·全国乙卷，B]Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazylooking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 1．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A．By teaming up with other photographers. B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C．By studying the geographical conditions. D．By creating settings in the corn fields. 2．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A．Proper time management. B．Good shooting techniques. C．Adventurous spirit. D．Distinctive styles. 3．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake? A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D．They had problems with their equipment. 4．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake? A．Amusing. B．Satisfying. C．Encouraging. D．Comforting. B [2023·全国甲卷，C]I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of. 5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner. C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher. 6．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A．To compare Weiner with them. B．To give examples of great works. C．To praise their writing skills. D．To help readers understand Weiner's book. 7．What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A．Its views on history are wellpresented. B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C．It includes comments from readers. D．It leaves an open ending. 8．What does the author think of Weiner's book? A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·湖北省期中试题]When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident. I woke up with a severe__1__injury and I learned that my IQ had dropped. Worse still, I had to__2__ from college, and people said to me, “You're not going to finish college. There are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you.” I had identified with being smart, and had been called__3__as a child. Having my __4__taken from me, I felt entirely__5__. I worked and worked, and__6__graduated from college, which took me four years longer than others. After that, I applied to a graduate program and__7__someone, my advisor Susan to take me on, and so I __8__at Princeton. I still felt I was not supposed to be there. The night before my firstyear __9__I was so afraid that I called her and said, “I'm__10__.” She said, “You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do. You are going to __11__ it and do every talk that you ever get asked to do, even if you're __12__ until you have this moment where you say, ‘Oh my gosh, I'm doing it. I have become this.’” So that's what I did. I spent five years in graduate school and got my degree. Now I am a public speaker. I realized that I had not just faked it till I made it, I had faked it till __13__ it. Our __14__ can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our __15__. 1．A.face B．head C．back D．skin 2．A.withdraw B．graduate C．escape D．return 3．A.patient B．reserved C．gifted D．diligent 4．A.mood B．dream C．career D．identity 5．A.cheerful B．powerless C．indifferent D．optimistic 6．A.suddenly B．naturally C．eventually D．reluctantly 7．A.convinced B．reminded C．instructed D．allowed 8．A.drop out B．end up C．start over D．fall behind 9．A.exam B．interview C．reception D．talk 10．A.staying B．leaving C．quitting D．dreaming 11．A.fake B．practice C．recall D．ignore 12．A.discouraged B．inspired C．enlightened D．terrified 13．A.failed B．became C．forgot D．cherished 14．A.lessons B．experience C．insight D．minds 15．A.outcomes B．beliefs C．personality D．talent 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$