内容正文:
Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.
Unit 2 Keeping healthy
情态动词
1. 定义:情态动词具有情态意义,即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、或怀疑等。
特征:
1. 在形式上,情态动词不像实义动词那样有各种变化,只有could,would,had to,might等几个过去式。其它如must,ought to 等表示过去时形式不变。
2. 在意义上,大多数情态动词有几多个意义。
如can表示“能够”,“可能”,“允许”等;
may 可表示“可能”“允许”“目的”“让步”等。
3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,适用于各种人称。
4. 情态动词后加动词原形构成谓语部分。
情态动词:can 的用法
1. 表示能力, 否定为cannot (can’t)
Eg. We can carry the heavy box.
Who can sing an English song?
2. 表示惊讶, 不相信, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中 (猜测)
Eg. Can it be true?
You can't be serious?
3. 表示允许, 意思与may相近, 主要用于口语中
Eg. Can I smoke here?
情态动词:may 的用法
1. 表示可能但不肯定,通常用于肯定陈述句,暗含不确定。
Eg. He may arrive tomorrow.
2. 表示允许或征求同意,多用于肯定句和疑问句。
Eg. May I put here?
3. 句型can/may/could/ I …?表示请求对方许可,其中can语气最不正式,could语气比较客气委婉,may用于正式场合,语气恭敬。
肯定回答:Of course, you can / may.
否定回答:No, you can’t / may not.(不用could或might)
4. 表示祝愿
Eg. May you happy everyday!
祝你开心每一天!
情态动词:must 的用法
1. 表义务, 可用于肯定句和疑问句。否定:must not (mustn’t)
Eg. You must take care of your parents.
2. must的否定式,表示不许,禁止,
Eg. You mustn’t park here.
3. 表示推测,暗含很大的可能或符合逻辑,只用于肯定句。 Eg. You must be hungry now。
The letter must be from her pen pal。
4. 表示劝告,必须做某事,表明事情的必要性与重要性。
You must wear a coat。
5. 回答带 must 的疑问句时,要用needn’t或don’t have to来作为否定回答,不能用mustn’t。
Must we keep the window open all the time?
No,you don’t have to / No,you needn’t.
Staying up late is bad for your health
stay up late 熬夜 此句是动名词短语作主语,动词做主语时要用动名词或动词不定式形式,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
Eg. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes .
2. going to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学
(1) without 是介词,意为 “ 没有,缺乏 ” ,后面跟名词/代词/动名词,一起构成介词短语,常用于句末作状语。
Eg. We can't live without water .
=We can't live if we don't have any water .
(2) without 的反义词为 with ,意为 “ 有 ”
Eg. 留长头发的那个女孩儿是我的姐姐。
The girl with long hair is my sister .
3. Look , the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer .
(1) say 在此处指书面材料,文字记载上的 “ 说 ”,表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say.
Eg. The guidebook says we should turn left .
旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。
(2) cause 有两种词性,在此处是动词
作名词,意为 “ 原因,起因 ”时,是可数名词,
意为 “ 理由,缘故 ”时,为不可数名词。
Eg. 酒后开车是导致交通事故最常见的原因之一。
Drunk driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents .
你没理由哭。
You have no cause to cry .
作动词,意为 “ 使发生,造成,引起,导致 ”,表示造成的结果或发生的事情。多接名词、代词作宾语。
Eg. 恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
(3) 本句为复合句,主句的主语为the article,谓语为says,句子smoking is bad for our lungs为宾语从句,从句要用陈述句语序,says 后面省略了引导词that .
4. It will keep you active during the day .
keep ······ active 意为 “ 保持活力 ”
结构:“ keep +宾语+补足语 ” ,宾语补足语可以是现在分词、形容词、副词或介词。
Eg. I'm sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time .
很抱歉让您久等了。
Keep the door open , please .
让门开着吧。
5. Drink enough water every day.
① enough adj. 足够的,既可放在名词前, 也可放在名词后。
Eg. Do you have enough money/money enough to buy it?
There are enough people / people enough to do the work.
② enough adv. 足够地, 放在形容词或副词之后。
Eg. It’s good enough, I think.
If you get up early enough, you will catch the bus.
常用结构:adj / adv +enough + for sb +to do sth
Eg. 这本书很容易,6岁孩子能看懂。
This book is easy enough for 6-year-old children to read.
enough n. 足够
Eg. 我吃饱了,谢谢!
I had enough ,thank you.
6. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.
(1) or 连词,意为 “ 或,或者,还是 ” ,用于表示选择
Eg. Are you coming or not ?
Is it a boy or a girl ?
(2) 意为 “ 否则,不然 ” ,用于警告或忠告。
Eg. 赶快,不然你上学就要迟到了。
Hurry up ,or you'll be late for school .
7. Once, cabbage was on his plate .
(1) once adv. 一次,曾经
Eg. once a week 一个星期一次
I once met your mother .
我曾经见过你的母亲。
(2) conj . “ 一旦,一······就······ ” ,相当于as soon as .
Eg. Once you get there , please call me .
请你一到那儿就给我打电话。
8. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad.
(1) as soon as 一… 就…(引导时间状语从句),也可表示 “ 尽快 ”
Eg. 我一到北京就打电话给你。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
请尽快给我写信。
Please write to me as soon as possible .
(2) get mad 感到生气。这里 get 是系动词,后接形容词,构成系表结构。
类似结构: get hungry ; sound interesting ;turn warm ;look happy
9. The smoke from cigarettes harms not only smokers but other people.
(1) not only ... but (also) ... 意为“不仅......而且......”
Eg. 他不但在学英语,而且在学法语。
He is learning not only English but (also) French.
(2) not only ... but (also) ...用来连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”
Eg. Not only you but also he is tired of having one examnation after another.
Thank you
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