专题11 被动语态(知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练)-【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习(云南专用)

2024-12-11
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 被动语态
使用场景 高考复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 云南省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 451 KB
发布时间 2024-12-11
更新时间 2024-12-11
作者 xkw_057563316
品牌系列 上好课·冲刺讲练测
审核时间 2024-12-11
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来源 学科网

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专题11 被动语态 一、考情分析 被动语态是高考英语中的常见考点,近三年来在全国各套试卷中均有出现,每年的考查次数大概在 2-4 题左右,其重要性较为稳定。在语法填空、完形填空等题型中,每题分值通常为 1-2 分,在书面表达中,正确使用被动语态也有助于提升作文的准确性和得分。高考对被动语态的考查越来越注重在具体语境中的灵活运用,常结合时事热点、科技发展、文化交流等话题设置题目,要求考生能够准确判断动作的执行者和承受者,以及根据语境选择合适的时态和语态形式。 二、常考题型 语法填空 一般会给出一篇短文,在文中的某个句子里设置空白,要求考生根据上下文语境和语法规则,填入合适的被动语态形式。例如:“The bridge ______ (build) last year is very beautiful.” 此处应填 built ,过去分词作后置定语表被动和完成 。 三、考频分析 (一)高频考点 1.被动语态的基本构成及用法 2.被动语态在不同时态中的运用 3.特殊动词的被动语态 (二)中频考点 1.被动语态与主动语态的转换 2.含有情态动词的被动语态 3.“get + 过去分词” 表被动 (三)低频考点 1.主动形式表被动意义 2.被动语态的特殊结构 3.被动语态在非谓语动词中的运用 考点一 被动语态的构成 一、基本概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。在被动语态的句子中,动作的执行者通常可以由 “by + 执行者” 来表示,但在很多情况下,执行者并不明确或不需要提及。 二、被动语态的构成 ★★★ 时态 构成形式 用法 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,强调动作的承受者 English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都在说英语。) 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作 The car was repaired yesterday.(这辆车昨天被修理了。) 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词或 am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 表示将来某个时间将要发生的被动动作。 A new school will be built next year.(明年将建一所新学校。) 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的被动动作 The bridge is being repaired now.(这座桥现在正在被修理。) 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 强调在过去某个特定时间或时间段内,动作正在被执行 When I called him, the work was being done.(我给他打电话的时候,工作正在被做。) 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,且主语是动作的承受者 The project has been completed successfully.(这个项目已经成功完成。) 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作,即动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去” By the end of last year, the book had been translated into several languages.(到去年年底,这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。) 三、被动语态的使用场景 ★★★ (一)不知道动作的执行者是谁 My bike was stolen last night.(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) (二)没有必要指出动作的执行者 The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天都被打扫。) (三)动作的承受者是谈话的中心或重点 The novel was highly praised by critics.(这部小说受到评论家的高度赞扬。) 考点二 特殊情况 一、特殊动词的被动语态 ★★★ (一)感官动词的被动语态 包括 see、hear、watch、notice、feel 等,它们在主动语态中有两种结构: 感官动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式(表示动作的全过程) 感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词(表示动作正在进行) I saw him cross the road.(我看见他过马路,强调动作的全过程) I saw him crossing the road.(我看见他正在过马路,强调动作正在进行) (二)被动语态结构 当变为被动语态时,结构为 主语 + be + 过去分词 + to + 不定式(原不带 to 的不定式要加上 to) 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 现在分词 He was seen to cross the road.(由 I saw him cross the road. 转换而来) He was seen crossing the road.(由 I saw him crossing the road. 转换而来) (二)使役动词的被动语态 主要有 make、let、have,在主动语态中,make/let/have + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式表示使 / 让某人做某事 The teacher made the students clean the classroom.(老师让学生打扫教室) 1.get + 过去分词 表示被动意义,它强调动作的结果或意外情况。这种结构在口语中比较常见,并且通常用于非正式场合 My car got repaired yesterday.(我的车昨天修好了,强调修好这个结果) 2.与 be + 过去分词 的区别 be + 过去分词 结构更强调状态或动作本身,而 get + 过去分词 更侧重于动作的发生、发展过程或结果,并且带有一定的动态感和意外性。 The window was broken.(只是陈述窗户被打破这个状态) The window got broken when the boys were playing football.(强调窗户是在男孩们踢足球的时候意外被打破的过程和结果) 二、带双宾语动词的被动语态 ★ 有些动词可以带双宾语,如 give、send、show 等。在变为被动语态时,有两种情况:一是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一种是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语 He gave me a book.(主动)可以变为 I was given a book by him.(间接宾语 me 变为被动语态的主语)或 A book was given to me by him.(直接宾语 a book 变为被动语态的主语) 三、带复合宾语动词的被动语态 ★ 对于带有复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)的动词,如 find、keep、leave 等,变为被动语态时,宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语位置不变 We found the boy sleeping in the classroom.(主动)变为 The boy was found sleeping in the classroom.(被动) 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 ★★ 含有情态动词的被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分。它表示主语在某种情态意义下(如 应该可能必须 等)是动作的承受者。 (一)构成形式 情态动词(如 can、could、may、might、must、should、ought to、need、dare 等)+ be + 过去分词。 This book can be read by anyone.(任何人都可以读这本书。) The window might be broken by the wind.(窗户可能被风打破。) (二)情态动词的含义在被动语态中的体现 1.表示能力 用 can/could:表示主语 能够被…… This machine can be operated easily.(这台机器能够被很容易地操作。) 2.表示许可或请求许可 用 can/could/may/migh May this book be taken out of the library?(这本书可以被带出图书馆吗?) 3.表示可能性 用 may/might/could/must The letter must be in the drawer.(信一定在抽屉里。) 4.表示义务或责任 用 should/ought to/must Waste should be recycled.(垃圾应该被回收。) Students must be on time for class.(学生必须按时上课,这里从被动角度理解是学生 必须被要求按时上课)。 5.表示需要 主要用于否定句和疑问句,在肯定句中常用 need to be done 这种结构。 Your car needs to be repaired.(你的车需要被修理。) 五、主动形式表被动意义 ★★ (一)感官动词和系动词 1.look、sound、smell、taste、feel The music sounds wonderful.(音乐听起来很美妙。) The food tastes delicious.(食物尝起来很美味。) 2.系动词(seem、appear) He seems happy.(他看起来很高兴。) (二)某些不及物动词 表示主语的属性或特征的不及物动词,如 write、read、sell、wash、clean、draw 等 The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来很流畅。) The book sells well.(这本书卖得很好。)sells 表示书 被销售 的情况很好。 The clothes wash easily.(这些衣服很容易洗。)强调衣服 被洗 时很容易。 (三)be + 形容词 + to do 结构 在这种结构中,有些句子的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义,尤其是当形容词是 easy、difficult、hard、impossible、nice、pleasant 等时 The problem is easy to solve.(这个问题很容易解决。) The water is pleasant to drink.(这水喝起来很舒服。) (四)某些动词词组 need/require/want + doing(相当于 need/require/want + to be done) The car needs repairing.(这辆车需要修理。) The floor requires cleaning.(地板需要打扫。) ★即学即练 1.A new hospital ______ (build) in our city next year. 2.The book ______ (write) by a famous author and it's very popular. 3.When I got to the cinema, the tickets ______ (sell) out. 4.The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 5.The bridge ______ (repair) now, so you can't cross it. 一、理解被动语态的基本结构和含义 二、判断是否需要使用被动语态 根据句子主语和动作关系判断如果句子的主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者,就需要使用被动语态。若句子强调动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若强调动作的承受者,就用被动语态。 三、观察句子中的关键词和语境提示 注意一些表示被动意义的词或短语,如 “by...”(引出动作执行者)、“get + 过去分词”(也可表示被动,尤其在口语中,如 “get hurt” 受伤、“get paid” 得到报酬)。当句子中有 “据说(It's said that...)”“据报道(It's reported that...)”“被认为(be considered as...)” 等结构时,通常使用被动语态。 四、确定被动语态的时态 寻找时态标志词,同主动语态一样,被动语态也有时态标志词。如一般现在时的 “always、usually、every day” 等;一般过去时的 “yesterday、last week、ago” 等;一般将来时的 “tomorrow、next year、in + 一段时间” 等。根据这些标志词来确定被动语态的时态。 五、根据上下文语境判断时态 结合句子所在的上下文来判断动作发生的时间。如果文章整体是在叙述过去的事情,而句子中的动作也是过去发生的,那么可能需要使用一般过去时或过去完成时的被动语态。 六、注意特殊情况和易错点 带双宾语(如 “give、show、send” 等)的动词,在变为被动语态时,有两种情况。 感官动词(如 “see、hear、feel” 等)和使役动词(如 “make、let、have”)在被动语态中的结构有所不同。在主动语态中,“see sb. do sth.”(看见某人做某事),变为被动语态是 “sb. be seen to do sth.”。因为被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,所以不及物动词(如 “happen、take place、belong to” 等)没有被动语态。例如,“The accident happened last night.” 不能写成 “The accident was happened last night.” 基础巩固 1.The car ______ (wash) by my father every weekend. 2.A lot of trees ______ (plant) in our school last year. 3.The letter ______ (write) by him at this moment. 4.These books ______ (send) to the children in the mountain villages next week. 5.The novel ______ (translate) into several languages since it was published. 6.The classroom ______ (clean) before the meeting yesterday. 7.The computer ______ (use) by my sister now. 8.The meeting ______ (hold) in the hall tomorrow. 9.The cake ______ (make) by my mother every Sunday. 10.The house ______ (paint) when we arrived. 11.The story ______ (tell) many times by the teacher. 12.The windows ______ (break) by the naughty boy yesterday. 13.The work ______ (finish) in two days. 14.The song ______ (sing) by many people at the party last night. 15.The new product ______ (introduce) to the market next month. 真题模拟 1.【2024 年浙江二模】Meet Sora-OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator. The tool, which the San Francisco company unveiled Thursday, _______ (use) generative artificial intelligence to instantly create short videos based on written commands. 2.【2023 年河北衡水】Over 3,000 lives _______(claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. 3.【2023 年广东湛江】Children should _______(expose) to as much traditional culture as possible. 4.【2023 年黑龙江哈尔滨】A methane molecule is _______(compose) of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens. 5.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The GPNP is _______(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”. 6.【2022 浙江 1 月卷】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _______(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 7.【2022 浙江卷】To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _______(appreciate) by someone who's blind? 8.【2021 全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _______(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 9.【2021 浙江 1 月卷】It is _______(calculate) by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 10.【2020 年江苏卷】The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an unprecedented change in our life and work. In no time _______ (lockdown) measures were taken by countries all over the world to prevent the spread of the virus. 11.【2020 年山东卷】A total of 19 Golden Rooster Awards _______(present) every year, aiming to recognize outstanding work by filmmakers and actors. 12.【2020 年天津卷】These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people trapped under buildings. That seems possible now! In the future, there will be more robots everywhere, and humans will have less work to do. New robots _______(invent) all the time. 13.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】The medical workers _______(praise) by people because they had made great contributions to the fight against the epidemic. 14.【2020 年北京卷】These apples _______(grow) in the orchard by my grandfather last year. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题11 被动语态 一、考情分析 被动语态是高考英语中的常见考点,近三年来在全国各套试卷中均有出现,每年的考查次数大概在 2-4 题左右,其重要性较为稳定。在语法填空、完形填空等题型中,每题分值通常为 1-2 分,在书面表达中,正确使用被动语态也有助于提升作文的准确性和得分。高考对被动语态的考查越来越注重在具体语境中的灵活运用,常结合时事热点、科技发展、文化交流等话题设置题目,要求考生能够准确判断动作的执行者和承受者,以及根据语境选择合适的时态和语态形式。 二、常考题型 语法填空 一般会给出一篇短文,在文中的某个句子里设置空白,要求考生根据上下文语境和语法规则,填入合适的被动语态形式。例如:“The bridge ______ (build) last year is very beautiful.” 此处应填 built ,过去分词作后置定语表被动和完成 。 三、考频分析 (一)高频考点 1.被动语态的基本构成及用法 2.被动语态在不同时态中的运用 3.特殊动词的被动语态 (二)中频考点 1.被动语态与主动语态的转换 2.含有情态动词的被动语态 3.“get + 过去分词” 表被动 (三)低频考点 1.主动形式表被动意义 2.被动语态的特殊结构 3.被动语态在非谓语动词中的运用 考点一 被动语态的构成 一、基本概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。在被动语态的句子中,动作的执行者通常可以由 “by + 执行者” 来表示,但在很多情况下,执行者并不明确或不需要提及。 二、被动语态的构成 ★★★ 时态 构成形式 用法 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,强调动作的承受者 English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都在说英语。) 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作 The car was repaired yesterday.(这辆车昨天被修理了。) 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词或 am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 表示将来某个时间将要发生的被动动作。 A new school will be built next year.(明年将建一所新学校。) 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的被动动作 The bridge is being repaired now.(这座桥现在正在被修理。) 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 强调在过去某个特定时间或时间段内,动作正在被执行 When I called him, the work was being done.(我给他打电话的时候,工作正在被做。) 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,且主语是动作的承受者 The project has been completed successfully.(这个项目已经成功完成。) 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作,即动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去” By the end of last year, the book had been translated into several languages.(到去年年底,这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言。) 三、被动语态的使用场景 ★★★ (一)不知道动作的执行者是谁 My bike was stolen last night.(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) (二)没有必要指出动作的执行者 The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天都被打扫。) (三)动作的承受者是谈话的中心或重点 The novel was highly praised by critics.(这部小说受到评论家的高度赞扬。) 考点二 特殊情况 一、特殊动词的被动语态 ★★★ (一)感官动词的被动语态 包括 see、hear、watch、notice、feel 等,它们在主动语态中有两种结构: 感官动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式(表示动作的全过程) 感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词(表示动作正在进行) I saw him cross the road.(我看见他过马路,强调动作的全过程) I saw him crossing the road.(我看见他正在过马路,强调动作正在进行) (二)被动语态结构 当变为被动语态时,结构为 主语 + be + 过去分词 + to + 不定式(原不带 to 的不定式要加上 to) 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 现在分词 He was seen to cross the road.(由 I saw him cross the road. 转换而来) He was seen crossing the road.(由 I saw him crossing the road. 转换而来) (二)使役动词的被动语态 主要有 make、let、have,在主动语态中,make/let/have + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式表示使 / 让某人做某事 The teacher made the students clean the classroom.(老师让学生打扫教室) 1.get + 过去分词 表示被动意义,它强调动作的结果或意外情况。这种结构在口语中比较常见,并且通常用于非正式场合 My car got repaired yesterday.(我的车昨天修好了,强调修好这个结果) 2.与 be + 过去分词 的区别 be + 过去分词 结构更强调状态或动作本身,而 get + 过去分词 更侧重于动作的发生、发展过程或结果,并且带有一定的动态感和意外性。 The window was broken.(只是陈述窗户被打破这个状态) The window got broken when the boys were playing football.(强调窗户是在男孩们踢足球的时候意外被打破的过程和结果) 二、带双宾语动词的被动语态 ★ 有些动词可以带双宾语,如 give、send、show 等。在变为被动语态时,有两种情况:一是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一种是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语 He gave me a book.(主动)可以变为 I was given a book by him.(间接宾语 me 变为被动语态的主语)或 A book was given to me by him.(直接宾语 a book 变为被动语态的主语) 三、带复合宾语动词的被动语态 ★ 对于带有复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)的动词,如 find、keep、leave 等,变为被动语态时,宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语位置不变 We found the boy sleeping in the classroom.(主动)变为 The boy was found sleeping in the classroom.(被动) 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 ★★ 含有情态动词的被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分。它表示主语在某种情态意义下(如 应该可能必须 等)是动作的承受者。 (一)构成形式 情态动词(如 can、could、may、might、must、should、ought to、need、dare 等)+ be + 过去分词。 This book can be read by anyone.(任何人都可以读这本书。) The window might be broken by the wind.(窗户可能被风打破。) (二)情态动词的含义在被动语态中的体现 1.表示能力 用 can/could:表示主语 能够被…… This machine can be operated easily.(这台机器能够被很容易地操作。) 2.表示许可或请求许可 用 can/could/may/migh May this book be taken out of the library?(这本书可以被带出图书馆吗?) 3.表示可能性 用 may/might/could/must The letter must be in the drawer.(信一定在抽屉里。) 4.表示义务或责任 用 should/ought to/must Waste should be recycled.(垃圾应该被回收。) Students must be on time for class.(学生必须按时上课,这里从被动角度理解是学生 必须被要求按时上课)。 5.表示需要 主要用于否定句和疑问句,在肯定句中常用 need to be done 这种结构。 Your car needs to be repaired.(你的车需要被修理。) 五、主动形式表被动意义 ★★ (一)感官动词和系动词 1.look、sound、smell、taste、feel The music sounds wonderful.(音乐听起来很美妙。) The food tastes delicious.(食物尝起来很美味。) 2.系动词(seem、appear) He seems happy.(他看起来很高兴。) (二)某些不及物动词 表示主语的属性或特征的不及物动词,如 write、read、sell、wash、clean、draw 等 The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来很流畅。) The book sells well.(这本书卖得很好。)sells 表示书 被销售 的情况很好。 The clothes wash easily.(这些衣服很容易洗。)强调衣服 被洗 时很容易。 (三)be + 形容词 + to do 结构 在这种结构中,有些句子的不定式用主动形式表达被动意义,尤其是当形容词是 easy、difficult、hard、impossible、nice、pleasant 等时 The problem is easy to solve.(这个问题很容易解决。) The water is pleasant to drink.(这水喝起来很舒服。) (四)某些动词词组 need/require/want + doing(相当于 need/require/want + to be done) The car needs repairing.(这辆车需要修理。) The floor requires cleaning.(地板需要打扫。) ★即学即练 1.A new hospital ______ (build) in our city next year. 答案:will be built 解析:根据时间状语 “next year” 可知,句子是一般将来时。医院是 “被建造”,所以用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”,build 的过去分词是 built。 2.The book ______ (write) by a famous author and it's very popular. 答案:is written 解析:句子描述的是一般事实,书是 “被写” 的,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是 “am/is/are + 过去分词”。主语 The book 是单数,所以用 is,write 的过去分词是 written。 3.When I got to the cinema, the tickets ______ (sell) out. 答案:had been sold 解析:“卖完票” 这个动作发生在 “到达电影院” 之前,“got” 是一般过去时,所以 “票被卖完” 要用过去完成时的被动语态,其结构是 “had + been + 过去分词”,sell 的过去分词是 sold。 4.The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 答案:will be discussed 解析:根据 “tomorrow” 可知是一般将来时,问题是 “被讨论”,所以用一般将来时的被动语态 “will + be + 过去分词”,discuss 的过去分词是 discussed。 5.The bridge ______ (repair) now, so you can't cross it. 答案:is being repaired 解析:由 “now” 可知句子是现在进行时,桥是 “正在被修理”,现在进行时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”,主语 The bridge 是单数,所以用 is,repair 的过去分词是 repaired。 一、理解被动语态的基本结构和含义 二、判断是否需要使用被动语态 根据句子主语和动作关系判断如果句子的主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者,就需要使用被动语态。若句子强调动作的执行者,则用主动语态;若强调动作的承受者,就用被动语态。 三、观察句子中的关键词和语境提示 注意一些表示被动意义的词或短语,如 “by...”(引出动作执行者)、“get + 过去分词”(也可表示被动,尤其在口语中,如 “get hurt” 受伤、“get paid” 得到报酬)。当句子中有 “据说(It's said that...)”“据报道(It's reported that...)”“被认为(be considered as...)” 等结构时,通常使用被动语态。 四、确定被动语态的时态 寻找时态标志词,同主动语态一样,被动语态也有时态标志词。如一般现在时的 “always、usually、every day” 等;一般过去时的 “yesterday、last week、ago” 等;一般将来时的 “tomorrow、next year、in + 一段时间” 等。根据这些标志词来确定被动语态的时态。 五、根据上下文语境判断时态 结合句子所在的上下文来判断动作发生的时间。如果文章整体是在叙述过去的事情,而句子中的动作也是过去发生的,那么可能需要使用一般过去时或过去完成时的被动语态。 六、注意特殊情况和易错点 带双宾语(如 “give、show、send” 等)的动词,在变为被动语态时,有两种情况。 感官动词(如 “see、hear、feel” 等)和使役动词(如 “make、let、have”)在被动语态中的结构有所不同。在主动语态中,“see sb. do sth.”(看见某人做某事),变为被动语态是 “sb. be seen to do sth.”。因为被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,所以不及物动词(如 “happen、take place、belong to” 等)没有被动语态。例如,“The accident happened last night.” 不能写成 “The accident was happened last night.” 基础巩固 1.The car ______ (wash) by my father every weekend. 答案:is washed 解析:根据时间状语 “every weekend” 可知,这是一个一般现在时的句子。车是 “被洗” 的对象,一般现在时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + 过去分词”,主语 The car 是单数,所以用 is,wash 的过去分词是 washed。 2.A lot of trees ______ (plant) in our school last year. 答案:were planted 解析:时间状语是 “last year”,句子是一般过去时。树是 “被种植”,一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”,主语 A lot of trees 是复数,所以用 were,plant 的过去分词是 planted。 3.The letter ______ (write) by him at this moment. 答案:is being written 解析:“at this moment” 表明句子是现在进行时。信是 “正在被写”,现在进行时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”,主语 The letter 是单数,所以用 is,write 的过去分词是 written。 4.These books ______ (send) to the children in the mountain villages next week. 答案:will be sent 解析:“next week” 表示将来时间,句子是一般将来时。书是 “被送”,一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”,send 的过去分词是 sent。 5.The novel ______ (translate) into several languages since it was published. 答案:has been translated 解析:“since it was published” 是现在完成时的标志。小说是 “被翻译”,现在完成时的被动语态结构是 “has/have + been + 过去分词”,主语 The novel 是单数,所以用 has,translate 的过去分词是 translated。 6.The classroom ______ (clean) before the meeting yesterday. 答案:had been cleaned 解析:“before the meeting yesterday” 表明 “打扫教室” 这个动作发生在昨天会议之前,是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态,其结构是 “had + been + 过去分词”,clean 的过去分词是 cleaned。 7.The computer ______ (use) by my sister now. 答案:is being used 解析:“now” 表明句子是现在进行时,电脑是 “正在被使用”,现在进行时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”,主语 The computer 是单数,所以用 is,use 的过去分词是 used。 8.The meeting ______ (hold) in the hall tomorrow. 答案:will be held 解析:“tomorrow” 表示将来时间,会议是 “被举行”,一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”,hold 的过去分词是 held。 9.The cake ______ (make) by my mother every Sunday. 答案:is made 解析:“every Sunday” 表明是一般现在时,蛋糕是 “被制作”,一般现在时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + 过去分词”,主语 The cake 是单数,所以用 is,make 的过去分词是 made。 10.The house ______ (paint) when we arrived. 答案:was being painted 解析:“when we arrived” 表明是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,房子是 “正在被粉刷”,过去进行时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + being + 过去分词”,主语 The house 是单数,所以用 was,paint 的过去分词是 painted。 11.The story ______ (tell) many times by the teacher. 答案:has been told 解析:“many times” 表明动作已经发生多次,句子是现在完成时,故事是 “被讲述”,现在完成时的被动语态结构是 “has/have + been + 过去分词”,主语 The story 是单数,所以用 has,tell 的过去分词是 told。 12.The windows ______ (break) by the naughty boy yesterday. 答案:were broken 解析:“yesterday” 表明是一般过去时,窗户是 “被打破”,一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”,主语 The windows 是复数,所以用 were,break 的过去分词是 broken。 13.The work ______ (finish) in two days. 答案:will be finished 解析:“in two days” 表示将来时间,工作是 “被完成”,一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”,finish 的过去分词是 finished。 14.The song ______ (sing) by many people at the party last night. 答案:was sung 解析:“last night” 表明是一般过去时,歌曲是 “被唱”,一般过去时的被动语态结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”,主语 The song 是单数,所以用 was,sing 的过去分词是 sung。 15.The new product ______ (introduce) to the market next month. 答案:will be introduced 解析:“next month” 表示将来时间,新产品是 “被引入”,一般将来时的被动语态结构是 “will + be + 过去分词”,introduce 的过去分词是 introduced。 真题模拟 1.【2024 年浙江二模】Meet Sora-OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator. The tool, which the San Francisco company unveiled Thursday, _______ (use) generative artificial intelligence to instantly create short videos based on written commands. 答案:uses 解析:本题考查主谓一致和一般现在时的主动语态。句子的主语是 The tool,为第三人称单数,且这里描述的是该工具的一般性功能,所以用一般现在时的主动语态 uses 。 2.【2023 年河北衡水】Over 3,000 lives _______(claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. 答案:were claimed 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语 Over 3,000 lives 与谓语动词 claim 之间是被动关系,即 “生命被夺去”,且时间状语是 “in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 were claimed 。 3.【2023 年广东湛江】Children should _______(expose) to as much traditional culture as possible. 答案:be exposed 解析:考查情态动词的被动语态。主语 Children 与动词 expose 是被动关系,即 “儿童被暴露于……”,should 为情态动词,其后接动词原形,所以用 be exposed 。 4.【2023 年黑龙江哈尔滨】A methane molecule is _______(compose) of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens. 答案:composed 解析:考查一般现在时的被动语态。“be composed of” 为固定短语,意为 “由…… 组成”,a methane molecule 与 compose 之间是被动关系,所以用 is composed 。 5.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The GPNP is _______(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”. 答案:is designed 解析:考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 The GPNP 与动词 design 之间是被动关系,即 “国家公园被设计”,且这是一种客观事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态 is designed 。 6.【2022 浙江 1 月卷】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _______(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 答案:is viewed 解析:考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语 Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 与动词 view 之间是被动关系,即 “这种旅行方式被认为”,且描述的是一般情况,所以用一般现在时的被动语态 is viewed 。 7.【2022 浙江卷】To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _______(appreciate) by someone who's blind? 答案:be appreciated 解析:考查情态动词的被动语态。主语 a painting 与动词 appreciate 之间是被动关系,即 “画被欣赏”,且前面有情态动词 can,所以用 be appreciated 。 8.【2021 全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _______(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 答案:was built 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 It 指代 The Xi'an City Wall,与动词 build 之间是被动关系,且时间状语是 “in the Tang dynasty”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 was built 。 9.【2021 浙江 1 月卷】It is _______(calculate) by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 答案:is calculated 解析:考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 It 指代前面提到的计算方式,与动词 calculate 之间是被动关系,即 “这种计算方式被计算”,且这是一种客观描述,所以用一般现在时的被动语态 is calculated 。 10.【2020 年江苏卷】The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an unprecedented change in our life and work. In no time _______ (lockdown) measures were taken by countries all over the world to prevent the spread of the virus. 答案:lockdown 解析:考查名词作定语修饰名词以及被动语态。“lockdown measures” 意为 “封锁措施”,这里是说封锁措施被各国采取,用被动语态,即 were taken 。 11.【2020 年山东卷】A total of 19 Golden Rooster Awards _______(present) every year, aiming to recognize outstanding work by filmmakers and actors. 答案:are presented 解析:考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 A total of 19 Golden Rooster Awards 与动词 present 之间是被动关系,即 “奖项被颁发”,且每年颁发是一种常规动作,所以用一般现在时的被动语态 are presented 。 12.【2020 年天津卷】These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and others might look like snakes. After an earthquake, a snake robot could help look for people trapped under buildings. That seems possible now! In the future, there will be more robots everywhere, and humans will have less work to do. New robots _______(invent) all the time. 答案:are being invented 解析:考查现在进行时的被动语态。主语 New robots 与动词 invent 之间是被动关系,且根据 “all the time” 可知,这里强调动作一直在进行,所以用现在进行时的被动语态 are being invented 。 13.【2020 年浙江卷 7 月】The medical workers _______(praise) by people because they had made great contributions to the fight against the epidemic. 答案:were praised 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 The medical workers 与动词 praise 之间是被动关系,即 “医护人员被赞扬”,且根据 had made 可知,这里是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 were praised 。 14.【2020 年北京卷】These apples _______(grow) in the orchard by my grandfather last year. 答案:were grown 解析:考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语 These apples 与动词 grow 之间是被动关系,即 “苹果被种植”,时间状语是 last year,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 were grown 。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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