Unit 3 On the move Using language 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Unit 3 On the move Grammar 动词不定式做定语和结果状语 定义： 不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式。 具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语或宾语； 具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语; 具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done Focus on 基本用法 to-infinitive as attributive (不定式作定语) 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。 ① Is this the best way to help him? ② Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 1. 主谓关系 ① He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个走。 ② The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen. 下一列到站的火车是从深圳开来的。 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系或修饰关系。 2. 动宾关系 如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后面须有相应的介词。但是，如果动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。 Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把刀来切（东西）。 Here is some paper for you to write on.这里有一些纸给你写字。 He had no money and no place to live （in）.他没有钱，也没有地方住。 We found a way to solve this problem （in）.我们找到了解决这个问题的方法 3. 修饰关系 ① Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 ② I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。 注意. 常用于have sth to do 句型中 I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。 We have a lot of homework to do everyday. 我们每天有很多的作业要做。 Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”） Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（动词不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”） 当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 （1）动词不定式表示将来时 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些书在假期里读。 （2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any 等限定的中心词 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 用动词不定式作定语的几种特殊用法 Focus on 基本用法 to-infinitive as adverbial of result (不定式作结果状语) 1.当动词不定式表示结果时，通常用基本形式。其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been employed.他回家后得知女儿刚刚被雇用了。 He left his home, never to be heard from again. 他离开了家，从此音信全无。 2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 （1）adj./adv.+enough+to do，意为“如此……以至于”，与之含义相同的句式结构有“so+adj./adv. + as to + 动词原形”和“so+adj./adv. + that + 主语 + can/could + 动词原形”。 He studied hard enough to pass the examination. =He studied so hard as to pass the examination. =He studied so hard that he could pass the examination. 他学习如此努力以至于他通过了这次考试。 2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 （2）too+adj./adv. +to do,意为“太……以至于不能……”，与之含义相同的句式结构有“so+adj./adv.+that+主语+cannot+动词原形”和“not +adj./adv. + enough to +动词原形” You are too young to learn to drive. =You are so young that you can't learn to drive. =You are not old enough to learn to drive. 你太年轻了以至于你还不能学开车。 2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊用法 (3).动词不定式与动词-ing形式作结果状语时的区别 动词不定式表示出乎预料的结果，常被only或just所修饰;动词-ing形式多表示顺其自然的结果，具有“因果关系”的结果。 I hurried to his house, only to find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果发现他不在家 The Arab woke up to find that his camel had put its head inside the tent. 那个阿拉伯人醒来时发现他的骆驼把头伸进了帐篷。 Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her. 她的父母搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母都去世了，这使他成为一个孤儿。 1.Xu Haifeng was the first Chinese man _______（win） the gold medal in the Olympic Games. to win 2.He told me he had a composition ________（write）. to write 3.I think he will have a chance ______（go） to his hometown. to go 4.She has no time _______（see） the film. to see 5.Football is played in over 100 countries, ________（make） it the most popular sport in the world. making 6.He got up earlier so as _______ （get） to school on time. to get 7.We have made a plan ________（learn） from Lei Feng. to learn Thank you! $$