Unit 3 Period 2 Using language(1)—Grammar（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式作定语和结果状语这一核心语法点，通过语境感知黑体实例引入，系统梳理"to do"基本结构、否定式及时态语态变化，再分类解析作定语（动宾、主谓、同位关系及常用情况）和结果状语（so...as to等结构及only to do用法），辅以即时演练构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以语篇实例为载体，通过逻辑关系分析（如不定式与被修饰词的动宾/主谓关系）培养思维品质，设计即时演练与分层作业（单句填空、完成句子等）提升语言应用能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后帮助学生通过练习巩固语法规则，查漏补缺，符合学习能力培养要求。

Period 2　Using language(1)—Grammar 阅读以下语段，感知黑体部分，并回答问题 This afternoon, I went to the school library ①to find books about hurricanes. At 3 p．m., I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only ②to find he was not in his office. Just then, I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. I went there and we talked about his experiences during a strong hurricane. Mr Li described the hurricane in great detail. He also mentioned a charity event ③to raise funds for the disaster area. Our interview ended at 3：50 p．m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting ④to attend at 4 p．m. Next I went through my notes of Mr Li’s experiences and at 5 p．m. I went to the school computer room ⑤to make PPT slides for my project. 以上黑体部分均是动词不定式，其构成是“to＋动词原形”，即to do，否定式是not to do；动词不定式可以在句中作定语，如③和④；也可以作目的状语，如①和⑤，还可以作结果状语，如②。 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、结构 基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。 否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 二、动词不定式作定语 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，可扩展为一个定语从句，通常表示一个将来的还未发生的动作。 We are looking for an apartment to live in. ＝We are looking for an apartment that we can live in. 我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。 The Winter Olympics to be held in 2026 will surely bring in many international tourists. 2026年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。 (一)动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种： 1．不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。 注意：此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。 Will you please bring me a chair to sit in? 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？ 2．不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 Is there anyone to take care of the child? 有人照顾这个孩子吗？(不定式动作的逻辑主语是anyone) 注意：此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work)，he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。 3．不定式与所修饰的名词是同位关系。 I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown.我认为他有机会去他的家乡。(不定式说明被修饰名词的内容) (二)常用不定式作定语的情况 1．当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，常用不定式作定语。中心词为不定式的执行者时，用to do(主动式)；中心词为不定式承受者时，用to be done(被动式)。 The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。 This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。 2．修饰抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，reply，attempt，wish，decision，plan等。 A teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。 They made a decision to put off the meeting until the next week. 他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。 In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。 3．当被修饰的词为something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用不定式作定语。 Every day he makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 他每天让一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。 注意：当中心词是不定式动作的承受者，且不定式是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语时，不定式通常不能带宾语。若不定式动作的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do作定语；若强调不定式动作另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done作定语。 I have a letter to post，so I can’t go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。 I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me? 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？ [即时演练1]　根据汉语意思补全句子 ①她需要一支笔写字。 She needs a pen to write with. ②我们有许多问题要处理。 We have many problems to deal with. ③有很多学生要参加会议。 There are a lot of students to attend the meeting. ④他得到了一个参观长城的机会。 He got an opportunity to visit the Great Wall. ⑤这是今天要完成的第二项任务。 This is the second task to be completed today. 三、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： 1．so＋形容词/副词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He studied so hard as to pass the last exam. 他如此努力学习以至于通过了最后一次考试。 2．such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do如此……以至于…… He is not such a silly man as to do that. 他还没有蠢到做那种事。 3．enough to do...足够…… The boy was experienced enough to deal with such a person. 对付那样一个人，那个男孩很有经验。 He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach. 他走得很快，赶上了他的教练。 4．too＋形容词/副词＋to do太……而不能…… The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box. 这个老妇人太虚弱了，搬不动这个沉重的箱子。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. “加利福尼亚”号到得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 注意：(1)不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 (2)现在分词短语也可以作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。 His parents died early，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。 [即时演练2]　根据汉语意思补全句子 ①他努力工作，结果却被解雇了。 He worked hard，only to be fired. ②现在采蜜还为时过早。 It was too early to collect the honey. ③听到如此粗鲁的话，他非常生气，一句话也没说就离开了房间。 Hearing such rude words, he was so angry as to leave the room without a word. ④他跑得不够快，没能赶上公交车。 He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. ⑤他是如此善良的一个人，以至于总是帮助他人。 He is such a kind person as to always help others. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We need someone to represent(represent) our school to attend the competition. 2．The editor is always the last man to arrive(arrive) at the office. 3．The harvest is satisfying enough for us to celebrate(celebrate) it. 4．Please tell the monitor the subjects to be discussed(discuss) at the next meeting. 5．Jack has made great progress, making(make) his parents very happy. 6．He raced through the living room，only to find(find) the front door closed. 7．In his speech，he expressed his determination to achieve(achieve) his goal. 8．Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall(fall) asleep. Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文 This summer vacation,1.I was old enough to find a part-time job(我的年龄足够大了，可以找一份兼职了) in a company.However，before I could start,2.I had an interview to attend(我要参加一场面试).3.With so many things to prepare(有许多事情要准备)，I was very nervous.The next day，I arrived there ahead of time,4.only to be told that I was the first to come(结果却被告知我是第一个来到的)．I was nervous again，but then 5.I found a way to solve the problem(我找到了一个解决问题的办法)．Finally,6.I got the chance to work in the company(我获得在这个公司工作的机会)． 作业2 [分值：71.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共6小题；每小题1.5分，满分9分) 1．In my opinion，there is nothing to worry(worry) about. 2．In my dreams，I am always given very difficult jobs to do(do)． 3．The children are smart enough to make(make) the model plane on time. 4．As a computer scientist，she has the ability to develop(develop) useful software. 5．The soldier returned after the war，only to be told(tell) that his wife had left him. 6．I seized the opportunity to travel(travel) abroad and learn a new language. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 1．他有神奇的能力使他的课生动有趣。 He has amazing powers to make his classes lively and interesting. 2．没有什么语言能够表达我的感激之情。 No words are strong enough to express how grateful I am. 3．你很快就会发现他是适合共事的人。 You will soon find he is the right guy to work with. 4．明天会上要讨论的问题非常难。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow is a very difficult one. 5．他匆匆忙忙地赶去售票处，结果被告知票已售罄。 He went to the booking office in a hurry，only to be told the tickets had been sold out. Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·江苏常州高一上期末) A sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle eventually does harm to health but breaking out of long inactivity can be discouraging.Now，however，there may be a simple way to ease into more activity. A recent study suggests that short bouts(一阵) of intense activity every day—climbing stairs，carrying a heavy load of things，or stepping up the pace of housework—can provide great health benefits. “It’s quite simple，but it’s not an idea that’s out there，” says University of Sydney exercise scientist Emmanuel Stamatakis who led the research.“Many people，including many health professionals，still think of physical activity as something that you do during your free time，and you need to go somewhere to do it.” Stamatakis and his colleagues，on the other hand，wanted to understand if daily life activities done somewhat vigorously in short bouts could also provide health benefits compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle. To study this，his team used data from nearly 25,000 adults who were non-exercisers.Without these data，it was almost impossible to continue the study.Over the course of seven days，they used machine learning tools to determine whether a person was either sedentary，standing，walking，or doing intense activities like running during repeated 10-second windows.The researchers also divided any movement into light，middle，or high intensity.Then，for the next seven years，they recorded which study participants died and what caused the death. The team found that people who did at least four one-to-two-minute high intensity physical activities every day had a nearly 40 percent less risk of dying from cancer and a roughly 49 percent lower chance of dying from a cardiovascular(心血管的) disease.More bouts of such strong activity meant greater protection from death risks，Stamatakis says，“The more，the better.” 1．What did the recent study find? A．An inactive lifestyle is harmful but hard to change. B．More physical exercises can make you more active. C．Doing daily housework is also a kind of exercise. D．Daily short but intense activities do good to health. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study...great health benefits.(最近的一项研究表明，每天短时间的剧烈运动——爬楼梯、搬运重物或加快家务劳动的步伐——对健康大有好处)”可知，最近的研究表明，短时间高强度的活动有益健康。故选D项。 2．What does the underlined word “vigorously” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Energetically. B．Continuously. C．Frequently. D．Creatively. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据后面“compared to a sedentary or less active lifestyle(与久坐或不太活跃的生活方式相比)”可推测，画线词的意思应该和less active意思相反，应该是“高强度地，剧烈地”的意思，和energetically的意思相近。故选A项。 3．Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5? A．Research purposes. B．Research limitations. C．Research findings. D．Research methods. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。第五段详细描述了研究过程：使用近2.5万成年人的数据，通过机器学习工具划分强度，并跟踪七年死亡情况。即本段主要讲到了研究过程中的数据收集及分析方法。故选D项。 4．What would Stamatakis suggest? A．Going to exercise at a fixed time and place. B．Avoiding movement of light intensity. C．Doing only 8 minutes intense activity every day. D．Carrying out more short bouts of intense activity. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“More bouts of...‘The more，the better.’”可知，Stamatakis认为短时间高强度的活动有益健康，能降低死亡风险，他建议多做这样的活动，越多越好。故选D项。 B(此篇精读) (2025·山东淄博高一上期末) Lately I have started to go jogging in Yoyogi Park.One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise(逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there were no rules that said in which direction to run. Maybe they do it because they try to imitate track & field athletics and almost any other kind of race where the running direction is always counterclockwise，or maybe is there any other reason? I have been asking many people and “researching” online.The best answers I found are from the research of a construction professor at Waseda University in Tokyo. Professor Hitoshi Watanabe contributed many years of his life to research about which is the best way to design stairs and emergency exits.He reached a point in his research where he had to decide if it was better to design stairs that you have to go down clockwise(顺时针方向地) or counterclockwise.Experiments had been carried out before，and it was known that there is a tendency to turn counterclockwise.But Mr Watanabe wanted to look into more： ·Most human beings are right-handed. ·Most of the left-handed people are right-footed，while most of the right-handed people are also right-footed. ·Most human beings have a slightly longer right leg than their left leg. These three factors make our right leg become dominant over the left leg，which causes a tendency to turn to the left，and to be able to run faster in a counterclockwise direction. Mr Watanabe carried out a lot of experiments and observations to reach some results.For example，he found out through an experiment that when people are being run after and trying to escape，they turn to the left unawarely 70% of the time. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者在代代木公园慢跑时注意到人们总是逆时针方向跑步的现象，并通过询问和网上研究找到了东京早稻田大学一位建筑教授的研究作为最佳答案，解释了人们倾向于逆时针方向跑步的原因。 5．What caught the author’s attention when he first started jogging in Yoyogi Park? A．The experiment in the physics of running. B．The direction everyone was running in. C．The specific running rules in the park. D．The research about track & field athletics. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise(逆时针方向的) direction in the city where there were no rules that said in which direction to run.”可知，作者刚开始在代代木公园慢跑时，注意到的是每个人跑步的方向。故选B项。 6．What led Mr Watanabe to further look into people’s tendency to turn left? A．His doubts about the best running style. B．His curiosity about human behavior tendencies. C．His observation of the way people go downstairs. D．His need to determine the ideal direction for stairs. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Professor Hitoshi Watanabe contributed many years of his life to research about which is the best way to design stairs and emergency exits.He reached a point in his research where he had to decide if it was better to design stairs that you have to go down clockwise(顺时针方向地) or counterclockwise.”可知，他需要确定楼梯的理想方向这一件事促使他进一步研究人们向左转的运动倾向。故选D项。 7．What does the underlined word “dominant” mean in the passage? A．Stronger. B．Opposite. C．Weaker. D．Equal. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Most human beings are right-handed.Most of the left-handed people are right-footed，while most of the right-handed people are also right-footed.Most human beings have a slightly longer right leg than their left leg.”可知，大多数人惯用右手和右脚，右腿也比左腿稍长，所以右腿比左腿更强壮，故画线词dominant意思是“更强壮的”，和stronger的意思相近。故选A项。 8．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Right Way to Design Stairs B．Research on Yoyogi Park Jogging C．The Science Behind Running Direction D．The Benefits of Running Counterclockwise 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者在代代木公园慢跑时注意到人们总是逆时针方向跑步的现象，并通过询问和网上研究找到了最佳答案，解释了人们倾向于逆时针方向跑步的原因。C项“跑步方向背后的科学”为本文最佳标题。故选C项。 [词汇积累] 1．catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 2．in a(n)...direction在某个方向上；朝……方向 3．carry out实施；执行 4．there is a tendency to倾向于做某事 5．run after追赶；追逐 [句式分析] 1．One of the first things that caught my attention when I started was that everybody runs in a counterclockwise direction in the city where there were no rules that said in which direction to run. 分析：此句为复合句。主句为One of the first things was...；第一个that引导的是定语从句，第二个that引导的是表语从句；第三个that引导的是定语从句；when引导的是时间状语从句；where引导的是定语从句。 翻译：当我开始慢跑时，首先引起我注意的事情之一是，在这个没有规定跑步方向的城市里，每个人都朝着逆时针方向跑步。 2．He reached a point in his research where he had to decide if it was better to design stairs that you have to go down clockwise or counterclockwise. 分析：此句为复合句。point为先行词，表示抽象地点，后面跟有where引导的定语从句；if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”；that引导定语从句，修饰前面的stairs。 翻译：在他的研究中，他到了一个必须决定是设计顺时针下楼还是逆时针下楼的楼梯更好的阶段。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2025·重庆高一上期末) Winter is a season when you really prove your love of hiking.It demands proper commitment—with more efforts and more risks. 1 With sufficient knowledge and safety tips，harsh winter conditions shouldn’t discourage you from hitting the traits. Know how to navigate.Phone apps rely on a GPS signal and also an Internet connection—both of which can be unstable.Since you never know when you’ll find yourself having to plan a course in a dead zone，making backup navigation is essential. 2 In winter，the days are shorter，backpacks are heavier and the conditions underfoot can be exhausting.It’s wise to plan your routes accordingly by choosing trails less challenging or areas less affected by sudden weather changes.And if Mother Nature throws you a last minute curveball—adapt. Know who to call in an emergency. 3 You may not have Internet connection to look up who to call while you’re out，so it’s better to hope for the best but prepare for the worst.Plus，in the event of you needing assistance，research what information the rescue service will require before and once they reach you. Wear appropriate gear(衣服)．Don’ wear anything made of cotton as it sucks the heat out of your body when it’s wet.Start with a wool base layer，and then add insulated(绝缘的) layers. 4 One final thing：don’t forget a power bank for your phone. 5 You’ll need it not just as a safety measure，but also because you’re likely to take lots of pictures. A．Check your ambition. B．Watch out for weather changes. C．Thick jumpers and waterproof shells are on top. D．Nothing damages your battery power quite like cold weather. E．And it’s also an ideal time to dive into nature and get the most out of it. F．And in return，it gives you a deeper and richer sense of the great outdoors. G．Save the local rescue service numbers on everyone’s phones before hiking. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季徒步的注意事项，包括导航、路线规划、紧急联络、穿着装备和手机充电宝的使用，强调了充分准备对安全和体验的重要性。 1．答案　F 解析　根据上文可知，冬季是你真正证明自己热爱徒步旅行的季节，它要求你付出更多努力，承担更多的风险。根据下文可知，只要掌握足够的知识和安全提示，严酷的冬季条件不会构成障碍。F项“作为回报，它会让你对户外活动有更深刻、更丰富的体验”既承接了上文的挑战性，又呼应了下文的积极态度，故选F项。 2．答案　A 解析　根据本段内容可知，本段核心是建议徒步者根据实际情况调整目标。A项“审视你的雄心”以比喻方式点明“不要高估自身能力”，与下文“choosing trails less challenging or areas less affected by sudden weather changes(选择挑战性较低的路线或受天气突然变化影响较小的地区)”逻辑一致，故选A项。 3．答案　G 解析　根据本段主旨句“Know who to call in an emergency.(知道在紧急情况下联系谁)”及下文“You may not have Internet connection to look up who to call(你可能没有网络连接来查询该给谁打电话)”可知，此处说的是要保存好紧急情况下的联系方式。G项“徒步前将当地救援电话存入每个人的手机”符合语境，故选G项。 4．答案　C 解析　根据上文“Start with a wool base layer，and then add insulated(绝缘的) layers.”可知，本段讨论的是冬季徒步的穿衣层次。C项“厚毛衣和防水外套作为外层”说明外层穿着，符合语境，故选C项。 5．答案　D 解析　根据本段主旨句“One final thing：don’t forget a power bank for your phone.(最后一件事：别忘了带手机充电宝)”及下文“You’ll need it not just as a safety measure，but also because you’re likely to take lots of pictures.”可知，此处需解释为何带充电宝很重要。D项“没有什么比寒冷天气更损害手机电量了”说明了低温对电池的影响，与“携带充电宝”的必要性形成因果关系，故选D项。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2025·黑龙江佳木斯高一上期中) Students have the opportunity 1. (take) part in different after-school activities during their time at senior high—from sport，music and drama to 2. (person) development and community service programs.There are a lot of advantages 3._____________ come from involvement (参与) in these programs. Weekly activities can offer a welcome break from studies and homework—4._____________(particular) for senior students if they can spare the time.Depending 5. students’ interests，they may provide the chance to get outside and exercise，see friends，develop 6. hobby or simply refresh their mind. Besides building skills within a specific program，after-school activities are great for 7._____________(develop) general academic and soft skills.Think debating is good for public speaking and sport is good for teamwork.Being involved in different activities 8.____________(help) to improve students’ time management skills，while finding an area they enjoy can improve self-confidence. While students usually have the chance to learn different study areas through a lot of 9.____________(course)，after-school activities allow 10. (they) to explore an interest in more depth than in class.They can also provide a great chance for students to broaden their views on the world，especially for those involved in volunteering and community service programs. 1．答案　to take 解析　考查非谓语动词。名词opportunity后常跟动词不定式作后置定语，意为“做某事的机会”。故填to take。 2．答案　personal 解析　考查形容词。空处作定语，修饰development，应用形容词形式personal，意为“个人的”。故填personal。 3．答案　which/that 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词advantages，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 4．答案　particularly 解析　考查副词。空处是修饰介词短语for senior students的状语，表强调，应用particular的副词形式particularly，意为“特别，尤其”。故填particularly。 5．答案　on/upon 解析　考查介词。固定短语depend on/upon意为“取决于，根据”。故填on/upon。 6．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。空处意为“一个爱好”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，且hobby的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 7．答案　developing 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作for的宾语，且空后为宾语skills，应用develop的动名词形式。故填developing。 8．答案　helps 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般的情况，时态应用一般现在时，主语为单个动名词短语，help应用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。 9．答案　courses 解析　考查名词复数。空处作through的宾语，结合空前的“a lot of”可知，course“课程”应用复数形式。故填courses。 10．答案　them 解析　考查代词。空处作allow的宾语，应用宾格代词them。故填them。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $