外刊读物 阅读理解4 -2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习专项

题型：高中阅读理解 来源：外刊读物 Passage 1 字数：689 关键词：接纳自身的脆弱性 来源：The time weekly As a dating  coach and the director of relationship science at Hinge, I often hear from people who feel like there’s something big they need to disclose on early dates— chronic illness, mental- health struggles, college debt, family estrangement, lack of romantic experience, or trauma. They worry these parts of their lives make them undatable. They don’t know how to share this information, and worry they’ll be rejected. They tense up on dates, wait ing for the inevitable moment when the awkward topic will arise. Or they avoid dates altogether. But it doesn’t have to be this way. Because your vulnerability, when shared intentionally and authentically, can make you feel powerful, not powerless.  Research shows that we’re attracted to vulnerability because of what psy chologists call the “beautiful mess effect”—a phenomenon in which we tend to judge our own displays of vul nerability more negatively than others do. What feels to us like exposing our weakness through vulnerability, oth ers tend to see as an act of bravery and authenticity.If you still need convincing, let’s look at the numbers. In a survey we con ducted at Hinge with over 4,000 dat ers on the app, we found that 93% of singles are looking for someone who’s comfortable being vulnerable. And they’re 66% more likely to go on a second date with someone who shows emotional vulnerability on the first date. In fact, a majority say emotional vulnerabil ity is the biggest thing they’re looking for on a first date— ranking it higher than attractiveness, income, or height. Despite this, only a third of people say they show emo tional vulnerability on a first date because they’re afraid it will be a turnoff. Men, in particular, feel this pressure: 75% say they rarely or never show vulnerability on first dates because they worry it will make them seem weak or unde sirable. But here’s the thing: The people who reject you for being vulnerable are not your people. Someone who judges you for your past, your struggles, or your truth isn’t the right partner for you. The sooner you find that out, the better. Of course, there’s a right way and a wrong way to be vul nerable on an early date. It’s a date; not a therapy session. It’s about sharing intentionally, with boundaries, from a place of growth and self- awareness. Here’s how to tell your story in a way that feels empowering, not overwhelming:Don’t rush. Intimacy needs to be earned. While you may want to get something off your chest, you don’t have to disclose everything on the first date. If someone asks you a question you’re uncomfortable with, you can tactfully deflect. For example, let’s say you are estranged from your fam ily. If your date tells you all about their mom’s famous lasagna recipe, and asks about your parents, you can smile and say, “My family life is messy. We can get into it another time.” You can also say your family doesn’t have similar traditions and leave it at that.Explain how this experience made you grow. You are not asking the other person to feel bad for you. Instead, you’re telling them how going through this has helped you be come who you are. When you share your narrative from a place of confi dence, people will re spect you, not reject you. For example, you can say things like “While I wish I were closer with my family, I’ve worked hard to create a chosen family of friends, and I’m excited to build my own family one day.”Remember that their reaction is about them, not you. Some people will be able to handle your vulnerability, others won’t. If they seem uncomfortable or judgmen tal, that says more about who they are and where they are in life than it does about your  datability. This is your story and your experience. You are sharing, not asking for their permis sion, forgiveness, or acceptance. Feeling “undatable” is a story we tell ourselves, but it’s not the truth. What makes you  human—your messy, beautiful story—is exactly what makes you lovable. And when you share your authentic self, you’re giving someone else permission to do the same. Why do some people feel undatable according to the text? A. Because they have high standards for their partners. B. Because they are too shy to talk on dates. C. Because they think some aspects of their lives like chronic illness or family issues might make them unacceptable. D. Because they don't have good looks. What is the "beautiful mess effect"? A. A psychological phenomenon that we like people who are always in a messy state. B. A psychological phenomenon that we judge our own vulnerability more harshly than others do. C. A psychological phenomenon that we tend to make a mess when we are in a relationship. D. A psychological phenomenon that we find it beautiful to be in a messy relationship. What percentage of singles are more likely to go on a second date with someone showing emotional vulnerability on the first date? A. 33% B. 66% C. 93% D. 75% What is the right way to be vulnerable on an early date according to the text? A. Share everything without any reservation. B. Avoid answering any personal questions. C. Share intentionally with boundaries and from a place of growth and self-awareness. D. Only talk about positive things and hide the negative ones.d 答案： 1. C. The text mentions that some people worry about aspects like chronic illness, family estrangement etc. making them undatable and they don't know how to share such information and fear rejection, so this option is correct. 2. B. It's stated in the text that the “beautiful mess effect” is a phenomenon in which we tend to judge our own displays of vulnerability more negatively than others do, which matches option B. 3. B. The text clearly says that they’re 66% more likely to go on a second date with someone who shows emotional vulnerability on the first date. 4. C. The text emphasizes that on an early date, being vulnerable should be about sharing intentionally, with boundaries, from a place of growth and self-awareness, so option C is the right answer. Passage 2 字数：547 关键词：AI 来源：The time weekly The number of people living in urban areas has tripled in the past 50 years, meaning that when a major natural disaster like an earthquake strikes a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, the strength and frequency of extreme weather events has increased—a trend set to con tinue as the climate warms. That is spurring efforts around the world to develop a new generation of earthquake- monitoring and climate- forecasting systems to make detect ing and responding to disasters quicker, cheaper, and more accurate than ever. On Nov. 6, at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center  in Spain, the Global Initiative on Resilience to Natural Haz ards Through AI Solutions met for the first time. The new U.N. initiative aims to guide governments, organizations, and communities in using AI for disaster management.  The initiative builds on nearly four years of groundwork laid by the International Telecommunications Union, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the U.N. Environment Programme, which in early 2021 collectively convened a focus group to begin developing best practices for AI use in disaster management. These include enhanc ing data collection, improving forecasting, and streamlining communications.  AI is also being used to alert members of the public more efficiently. Last year, the National Weather Service announced a partner ship with AI translation company Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and simplified Chinese, which it says can reduce the time to translate a hurricane warning from an hour to 10 minutes.Besides helping communities pre pare for disasters, AI is being used to coordinate response efforts. Follow ing Hurricanes Milton and Ian, the nonprofit GiveDirectly used Google’s machine- learning models to analyze pre- and poststorm satellite images to identify the worst- affected areas and prioritize cash grants accordingly. Last year AI analysis of aerial images was deployed in cities like  Quelimane, Mozambique, after Cyclone Freddy and Adiyaman, Turkey, after a 7.8- magnitude earthquake, to aid re sponse efforts. Operating early- warning systems   is primarily a governmental responsi bility, but AI climate modeling—and, to a lesser extent, earthquake detection— has become a burgeoning private in dustry. Startup SeismicAI says it’s working with the civil-protection agen cies in the Mexican states of Guerrero and Jalisco to deploy an AI-enhanced network of sensors, which would de tect earthquakes in real time. Tech giants Google, Nvidia, and Huawei are partnering with European forecast ers and say their AI-driven models can generate accurate medium- term fore casts thousands of times more quickly than traditional models, while being less computationally intensive. AI systems trained on this skewed data can be less accurate in the places most vulnerable to disasters. And unlike physics-based models, which follow set rules, as AI models become more complex, they increasingly operate as sophisticated “black boxes,” where the path from input to output becomes less transparent. The U.N. initiative’s focus is on developing guidelines for using AI responsibly. Kuglitsch says standards could, for example, encour age developers to disclose a model’s limitations or ensure systems work across regional boundaries. Meanwhile, private companies like Tomorrow. io are seeking to plug these gaps by collecting their own data. The AI weather-forecasting startup has launched satellites with radar and other meteorological sen sors to collect data from regions that lack ground-based sensors, which it combines with historical data to train its models. 1． What is the main purpose of the Global Initiative on Resilience to Natural Hazards Through AI Solutions? A. To encourage the use of AI in all aspects of life. B. To guide the application of AI in disaster management by various entities. C. To develop new AI technologies for commercial use. D. To replace traditional disaster management methods with AI. 2． How does AI help in hurricane-related disaster management? A. By directly preventing hurricanes from forming. B. By identifying suitable locations for traffic sensors and accurately predicting landing sites. C. By providing financial support to affected areas. D. By evacuating residents in advance. 3． What is a challenge faced by AI-driven models in disaster management? A. They are too expensive to operate. B. They rely too much on human intervention. C. The data they are trained on may be limited or inaccurate in some regions. D. They can only be used in developed countries. 4． What is the role of private companies like Tomorrow.io according to the text? A. To take over the responsibility of national meteorological services. B. To develop AI models that are completely independent of government. C. To collect data and train models to fill the gaps in weather data. D. To only provide services for commercial airlines and transportation companies. 答案 1　 B. The text mentions that the new U.N. initiative aims to guide governments, organizations, and communities in using AI for disaster management. 2　 B. It is stated that in 2023, researchers showed AI could help policymakers identify the best places to put traffic sensors to detect road blockages after tropical storms and meteorologists used AI weather-forecasting models to predict the landing site of Hurricane Milton. 3　 C. The text points out that AI-driven models are only as good as the data they are trained on and poorer regions may have fewer and worse-maintained weather sensors, creating gaps in meteorological data and making the models less accurate in vulnerable areas. 4　 C. The text says that private companies like Tomorrow.io are seeking to plug data gaps by collecting their own data, combining it with historical data to train their models and providing services to cities and companies. Passage 3 字数：542 关键词：灾难后的伤害 来源：The Guidance The devastation of hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis or tornadoes is usually gauged by the number of casualties. We often assess the "true severity" of disasters based on these figures. For instance, the recent Atlantic hurricane season caused nearly 300 deaths in the US and the Caribbean, with Hurricane Helene responsible for at least 228 fatalities. These deaths typically result from house flooding and subsequent drownings, injuries due to building destruction or loss of emergency medical care. However, new research prompts us to view these disasters as broader events with lasting effects for decades after their occurrence – be it from stress, financial hardship, pollution or long-term disease. A new paper in Nature magazine devises a methodology to estimate the overall impact of individual tropical cyclones (i.e., hurricanes and tropical storms) on all causes of mortality among all populations in the US. The authors analyzed how mortality rates in a state changed over 20 years after being hit by a natural disaster and used mortality data from 1950 to 2015 to form a long-term picture. Their main finding is that a large number of premature deaths in the US can be traced back to tropical cyclone events: people who died earlier than expected in the absence of a natural disaster. For example, looking at the direct toll of tropical cyclones shows that each one killed 24 individuals on average. But expanding this to indirect deaths raises the toll to 7,170 - 11,430 per event on average. These indirect early deaths are relatively more prevalent among those under 44 and in Black populations. The Nature paper is significant as it is the first systematic attempt to examine hundreds of what we might term "natural disaster" events and attempt to capture the full impact in terms of deaths over decades. While the study focused on hurricanes and similar storms in the US, that methodology could be applied to study the long-term health impacts of other disasters, from climate floods to heatwaves, and could even be extended to understand the indirect health impacts of any kind of societal shock – whether a natural disaster or conflict. For those of us in global public health, the results are unsurprising. Individual case studies of natural disasters demonstrate the longer-term impact on illness and death. For example, a magnitude 7 earthquake hit Haiti in 2010. The immediate death toll was estimated to range from 100,000 to 160,000. An international response was launched, but cholera ensued. The outbreak led to nearly 800,000 Haitians being infected with cholera and more than 9,000 deaths, and it was not until February 2022 – nearly 12 years later – that the country was declared cholera-free. Haiti is facing numerous other long-term consequences from the earthquake, including poor housing and infrastructure, and weak to non-existent medical systems, all within multiple failed governments. While we know such dire conditions will affect people's health, it has been difficult to directly attribute them to a single event and estimate its impact. Another example is the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, which was triggered by an earthquake in Indonesia. Massive waves up to 100ft high struck nearby countries like Sri Lanka. The direct toll is estimated at approximately 230,000, making it the deadliest natural disaster of the 21st century (so far). 1.How is the severity of disasters like hurricanes usually measured traditionally? A. By the damage to the environment. B. By the number of people injured or killed. C. By the economic loss caused. D. By the time it takes to recover. 2. What did the new paper in Nature magazine do? A. It only studied the direct deaths caused by tropical cyclones. B. It developed a method to estimate the overall effect of tropical cyclones on all causes of mortality in the US. C. It focused on the short-term impact of natural disasters. D. It analyzed the impact of disasters only in certain states. 3.What are the indirect early deaths caused by tropical cyclones like according to the research? A. They are evenly distributed among all age groups and ethnicities. B. They are relatively higher in those over the age of 60 and in White populations. C. They are relatively higher in those under the age of 44 and in Black populations. D. They only occur in coastal areas. 4.Why is the Haiti earthquake example mentioned? A. To show the successful response to a natural disaster. B. To illustrate the long-term consequences of a natural disaster on health and other aspects. C. To prove that earthquakes are more dangerous than hurricanes. D. To highlight the role of international aid in disaster relief. 答案 1) B. The text mentions that the devastation of hurricanes and other disasters is often conveyed by how many people have been injured or killed and we assess “how bad was it really?” based on this. 2) B. The text states that the new paper in Nature magazine develops a methodology to estimate the overall effect of individual tropical cyclones on all causes of mortality across all populations within the US. 3) C. The text mentions that these indirect early deaths are relatively higher in those under the age of 44 and in Black populations. 4) B. The text uses the Haiti earthquake example to show the various long-term consequences such as cholera outbreak, poor housing, infrastructure and medical systems, which illustrates the long-term impact of a natural disaster on health and other aspects. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$