专题02 动词时态和语态复习（知识讲解+题型练习）-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（外研版2019）

专题02 动词时态和语态复习 目录 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、三类一般时用法 2、三类进行时用法 3、两类完成时用法 4、被动语态用法 高考考点聚焦 考点一 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 一般现在时 一般现在时的基本用法 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often、usually、always、sometimes、nowadays、every day、once a month、frequently、constantly等时间状语连用。 He goes to school at seven o'clock every day.他每天七点钟去上学。 2．表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 3．表示按时刻表将要发生的动作 The plane takes off at 15：05. 飞机在15：05起飞 4．在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(主将从现) We'll let you know the good news as soon as you arrive. 你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。 单句语法填空 (1)The flight ________(take) off at 2：30 pm every Friday. (2)Please tell me as soon as Mark ________(call) you. (3)My mother told me the earth ________(move) around the sun. 一般过去时 一般过去时的基本用法 1. 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday, in 2014, in the 1990s、originally等时间状语连用。 Tom wanted to help us yesterday, but he was very busy.　汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。 2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与often、frequently、always、usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。 During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.　 他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。 3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。 Your phone number again, please. I didn't quite catch it. 请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。 单句语法填空 (1)The exhibition opened on January 1st and ________(close) on January 31st. (2)She didn't go out last night, because she _______(have) a headache. (3)He got up, _______(wash) his face, had his breakfast and went to work. 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的基本用法 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow、next week、in the future、in a few days 等时间状语连用。 Next month we will have our school open day.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。 ②表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —杰克逊博士现在不在他的办公室里。 —All right. I will call him later. —好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。 2. 将来时的其他表达法： 1 be going to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。 I am going to meet Mr Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight. 今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。 Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 ②be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。 I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up. 我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。 ③ be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。 We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning. 我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。 单句语法填空 (1)The moment you come here, I ___________(show) you around the city. (2)Scientists predict that we __________(rely) more on recycled materials . (3)Attention, please! We are about ___________(start) our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building. (4)You are ___________(hand) in the exercises tomorrow. 考点二 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now、at the moment, at present 等连用。 I am writing a letter now.Will you please turn down the radio? 我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？ 2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。 He is writing a book about Chinese history these days.这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。 3．表示位置移动的非延续动词，如 go、come、leave、start、arrive、return可用进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。 Mr White is leaving for Beijing in a few days.几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。 4．进行时与always、constantly、continually、frequently等表示频度的副词连用，常含有赞扬、厌恶、抱怨、愤怒等情感。 He is always asking such simple questions. 他老是问这种简单的问题。 He is always thinking more of others than of himself. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。 单句语法填空 (1)I ______________(leave) for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (2)Since it ____________(rain) hard, you may as well stay here until it stops. (3)Look! The two boys ____________(stand) there. 过去进行时 过去进行时的基本用法 1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He fell asleep when he was reading .他看书时睡着了。 2. 过去进行时可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 They were always quarrelling .他们老是吵架。 单句语法填空 (1) I ______________(watch) TV from 7：00 pm. to 8:00 pm. yesterday. (2) He__________(listen) to the radio when I came in. 将来进行时 将来进行时的基本用法 1. 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，in two days，tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如： I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。 Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months. 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。 2. 用于询问别人的计划、打算，比用一般将来时显得更委婉；也可用于表示语气较缓和的命令。 When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？ 单句语法填空 ①Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she_________ (teach) a class at that time. ②I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning，I ________(fly) to Shanghai. ③Don't phone me between 8：00 and 10：00.We _________(have) classes then. 【易错警示】 不用进行时态的动词 ①表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。 ②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词 这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。 温馨提示：有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。 ③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。 ④表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。 ⑤表示感觉的动词 这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等 考点三 现在完成时、过去完成时 现在完成时 现在完成时的用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times等连用。 In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 2．表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，常与for＋一段时间，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 He has lived in London since 2020. 自从2020年以来他就住在伦敦。 3．在“This/That/It is the first/second...time＋that从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 4．在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting film that he has watched. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。 单句语法填空 (1) This is the last time that America _______(send) the spaceship into space. (2)China’s high-speed railways _________(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres over the past few years. (3)I ______________(work) in the big company for years. 过去完成时 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在＂过去的过去＂。 1. 过去完成时的用法 ①表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句 By the end of 2019, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。 ②表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。 It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days. 风刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。 3. 过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 ①在no sooner...than、 hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.　我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 ②在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ④表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope、 mean、 want、 think、 expect、 plan、 intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.　我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 温馨提示： ① 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、 then、 but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 ②当由before、 after引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform.　他刚到月台时火车就要走。 完成句子 (1)这是我第一次看见水立方。 It was the first time that ______________________________． (2)他刚冲出去房子就塌了。 No sooner ________________________ the house fell down. (3)我本打算昨天给你字典的，但我忘记把它带来了。 I _____________________ you the dictionary yesterday, but I forgot to bring it here. 考点四 动词被动语态 1. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。 下表以do一词为例说明被动语态的构成： 时间 时态 被动语态 现在 一般现在时 is/am/are/done 现在进行时 is/am/are being done 现在完成时 have /has been done 过去 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done 将来 一般将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/should be done 2、 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬 3、主动形式表示被动意义 ①在need，want，require，deserve等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 ②be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受责备？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 ③“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 ④当sell，read，wash，write，open，wear等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 一、 时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 is/are/am或 do/does is/are/am doing have done 过去 was /were 或did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 温馨提示: 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的用法区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的 一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响 现在完成时 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作 1. ①一般过去时常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday,in 2014, in the 1990s、originally 等时间状语连用 ②现在完成时常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times、for＋一段时间、since等连用 ③过去完成时常与by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句 2. 比较下面句子，体会时态的不同： ①I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关） ②I have seen Hero before. 我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调以前看过，现在还知道这部电影的内容。） ③She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去） ④She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病） 二.被动语态梳理 1、动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was /were done was/ were being done had been done 将来 will be done will have been done 过去将来 would be done would have been done 温馨提示： 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、rise(上升)、happen/occur/take place/come about/break out; come into being/come true等。． (2) 某些及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)、belong to(属于)、consist of；date back to等。 (3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 现在完成进行时的用法（重点讲解） 1. 现在完成进行时的构成 have/has＋been＋v­ing 2. 现在完成进行时的用法 ① 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，将来还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。 I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn't come yet. 我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。 ② 表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间内动作一再重复发生。 She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 ③ 表示某种感情色彩。 You have been daydreaming but never make an effort. 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。(指责) You have been lying to me. 你一直在对我说谎。(气愤) 3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 ① 现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性： I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过这件事了。 I have been thinking about it. 我一直在考虑这件事。 ② 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示反复性： Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见他吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ ③ 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙： 亨利工作有条不紊。 Henry has been doing his work orderly. (含表扬的意味) Henry has done his work orderly. (描述事实) 真题感知 1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 3.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 4. （2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ______ (address) the opening ceremony. 5. （2022全国新高考1卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ...... 6. （2022全国新高考1卷）The GPNP ______ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ...... 7.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 8.（2022浙江1月）..many of them climate scientists ________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 提升专练 1．The news report still needs (polish) before it can be published. 2．She (distract) from her studies ever since she joined the movie club. 3．“The Nautilus (drift) past the coast of New York this time tomorrow, so if we try tonight, there is a chance of reaching land.” Ned said. 4．At 9:00 next Sunday, I (accompany) my daughter on a trip to Princeton. 5．We (run) out of gas, so we’d better stop at the next gas station to fill up. 6．Exhausted after the journey in a capsule, Li Qiang (slide) into bed and fell fast asleep. 7．Before the couple arrived at the theatre, the stage (light) with candles to create a romantic atmosphere as requested by the husband.   8．It was a shame that I was (beat) by a much younger man in English competition. 9．You, rather than I, (blame) for the accident which happened yesterday. 10．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all－round forms of exercise. 11．A new bridge is now (construct) across the river and will be completed next month. 12．By the time he arrived from Europe, the disease (break) out in his hometown. 13．When she heard that her father (die) in the accident, she burst out crying. 14．Since that first morning in 1978, I (follow) the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. 15．In the past few weeks, the terrible accident (bring) pet management in residential compounds (住宅区) into focus. 16．We (live) here since 1994. 17．I wasn’t sure whether he (come) to this scene the next morning. 18．The family wondered how he (react) to the shocking news after he was told about it. 19．The driver was scrolling through his smart phone when the crash (occur) on the sharp bend. 20．She said such arguments (ignore) the question of where ultimate responsibility lay. 21．The walls, painted brilliant white, (reflect) the afternoon sun. 22．It began to snow while the students (walk) towards the school. 23．When I got up at 6:30 this morning, my mother (prepare) toast and jam. 24．She (have)an important debate about global warming and climate change next week. 25．I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 26．Why are you so late? I (wait) for you for three hours. 27．He (write) a novel since he graduated from university. 28．I (sign) an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. 29．I can’t meet you at nine tomorrow. I (have) a meeting. 30．Children under fourteen must (accompany) by an adult. 31．Mary (employ) at this job since she graduated from college. 32．It was the first time that I (ask) to sing in public and I was a bit nervous. 33．Conversations are not (permit) in the library. 34．It (estimate) that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 35．To our surprise, Mr Lee was (appoint) as manager of the sales department. 36．As you (expose) to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. 37．Yesterday the invitation to the party (turn) down by Linda because she had another plan. 38．Three women and their children (rescue) from the burning house by the firemen since the fire broke out. 39．A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River and (spot) by a local fisherman. 40．She (ban) from athletics for two years after failing a drug test. 41．Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 42．He lost the chance for promotion because he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 43．She think she should (applaud) for her honesty. 44．On September 30, 2022, the Australian women’s basketball team (defeat) by the Chinese team. 45．It is said that the activity (schedule) to last 3 days in order to help people realize the environmental protection. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 动词时态和语态复习 目录 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、三类一般时用法 2、三类进行时用法 3、两类完成时用法 4、被动语态用法 高考考点聚焦 考点一 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 一般现在时 一般现在时的基本用法 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often、usually、always、sometimes、nowadays、every day、once a month、frequently、constantly等时间状语连用。 He goes to school at seven o'clock every day.他每天七点钟去上学。 2．表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 3．表示按时刻表将要发生的动作 The plane takes off at 15：05. 飞机在15：05起飞 4．在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(主将从现) We'll let you know the good news as soon as you arrive. 你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。 单句语法填空 (1)The flight ________(take) off at 2：30 pm every Friday. (2)Please tell me as soon as Mark ________(call) you. (3)My mother told me the earth ________(move) around the sun. 答案：(1) takes (2) calls (3) moves 一般过去时 一般过去时的基本用法 1. 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday, in 2014, in the 1990s、originally等时间状语连用。 Tom wanted to help us yesterday, but he was very busy.　汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。 2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与often、frequently、always、usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。 During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.　 他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。 3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。 Your phone number again, please. I didn't quite catch it. 请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。 单句语法填空 (1)The exhibition opened on January 1st and ________(close) on January 31st. (2)She didn't go out last night, because she _______(have) a headache. (3)He got up, _______(wash) his face, had his breakfast and went to work. 答案：(1) closed (2) had (3) washed 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的基本用法 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow、next week、in the future、in a few days 等时间状语连用。 Next month we will have our school open day.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。 ②表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —杰克逊博士现在不在他的办公室里。 —All right. I will call him later. —好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。 2. 将来时的其他表达法： 1 be going to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。 I am going to meet Mr Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight. 今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。 Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。 ②be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。 I was about to go to have dinner when he called me up. 我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。 ③ be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。 We are to meet at the school gate at six in the morning. 我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。 单句语法填空 (1)The moment you come here, I ___________(show) you around the city. (2)Scientists predict that we __________(rely) more on recycled materials . (3)Attention, please! We are about ___________(start) our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building. (4)You are ___________(hand) in the exercises tomorrow. 答案： (1) will show (2) will rely (3) to start (4) to hand 考点二 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时 现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now、at the moment, at present 等连用。 I am writing a letter now.Will you please turn down the radio? 我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？ 2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。 He is writing a book about Chinese history these days.这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。 3．表示位置移动的非延续动词，如 go、come、leave、start、arrive、return可用进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。 Mr White is leaving for Beijing in a few days.几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。 4．进行时与always、constantly、continually、frequently等表示频度的副词连用，常含有赞扬、厌恶、抱怨、愤怒等情感。 He is always asking such simple questions. 他老是问这种简单的问题。 He is always thinking more of others than of himself. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。 单句语法填空 (1)I ______________(leave) for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (2)Since it ____________(rain) hard, you may as well stay here until it stops. (3)Look! The two boys ____________(stand) there. 答案: (1) am leaving (2) is raining (3) are standing 过去进行时 过去进行时的基本用法 1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He fell asleep when he was reading .他看书时睡着了。 2. 过去进行时可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 They were always quarrelling .他们老是吵架。 单句语法填空 (1) I ______________(watch) TV from 7：00 pm. to 8:00 pm. yesterday. (2) He__________(listen) to the radio when I came in. 答案：(1) was watching (2) was listening 将来进行时 将来进行时的基本用法 1. 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，in two days，tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如： I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。 Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months. 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。 2. 用于询问别人的计划、打算，比用一般将来时显得更委婉；也可用于表示语气较缓和的命令。 When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？ 单句语法填空 ①Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she_________ (teach) a class at that time. ②I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning，I ________(fly) to Shanghai. ③Don't phone me between 8：00 and 10：00.We _________(have) classes then. 答案: ① will be teaching ② will be flying ② will be having 【易错警示】 不用进行时态的动词 ①表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。 ②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词 这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。 温馨提示：有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。 ③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。 ④表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。 ⑤表示感觉的动词 这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等 考点三 现在完成时、过去完成时 现在完成时 现在完成时的用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times等连用。 In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection. 在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 2．表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，常与for＋一段时间，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 He has lived in London since 2020. 自从2020年以来他就住在伦敦。 3．在“This/That/It is the first/second...time＋that从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次参观长城。 4．在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting film that he has watched. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。 单句语法填空 (1) This is the last time that America _______(send) the spaceship into space. (2)China’s high-speed railways _________(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres over the past few years. (3)I ______________(work) in the big company for years. 答案：(1) has sent (2) have grown (3) have worked 过去完成时 过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在＂过去的过去＂。 1. 过去完成时的用法 ①表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句 By the end of 2019, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. 到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。 ②表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。 It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days. 风刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。 3. 过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 ①在no sooner...than、 hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.　我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 ②在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ④表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope、 mean、 want、 think、 expect、 plan、 intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.　我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 温馨提示： ① 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、 then、 but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 ②当由before、 after引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform.　他刚到月台时火车就要走。 完成句子 (1)这是我第一次看见水立方。 It was the first time that ______________________________． (2)他刚冲出去房子就塌了。 No sooner ________________________ the house fell down. (3)我本打算昨天给你字典的，但我忘记把它带来了。 I _____________________ you the dictionary yesterday, but I forgot to bring it here. 答案：(1)I had seen the water cube (2)had he rushed out than (3)had meant to give 考点四 动词被动语态 1. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。 下表以do一词为例说明被动语态的构成： 时间 时态 被动语态 现在 一般现在时 is/am/are/done 现在进行时 is/am/are being done 现在完成时 have /has been done 过去 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done 将来 一般将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/should be done 2、 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬 3、主动形式表示被动意义 ①在need，want，require，deserve等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 ②be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受责备？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 ③“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 ④当sell，read，wash，write，open，wear等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 一、 时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 is/are/am或 do/does is/are/am doing have done 过去 was /were 或did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 温馨提示: 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的用法区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的 一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响 现在完成时 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作 1. ①一般过去时常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday,in 2014, in the 1990s、originally 等时间状语连用 ②现在完成时常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times、for＋一段时间、since等连用 ③过去完成时常与by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句 2. 比较下面句子，体会时态的不同： ①I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关） ②I have seen Hero before. 我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调以前看过，现在还知道这部电影的内容。） ③She had been ill for a week before she came back. 她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去） ④She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病） 二.被动语态梳理 1、动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was /were done was/ were being done had been done 将来 will be done will have been done 过去将来 would be done would have been done 温馨提示： 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、rise(上升)、happen/occur/take place/come about/break out; come into being/come true等。． (2) 某些及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)、belong to(属于)、consist of；date back to等。 (3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 现在完成进行时的用法（重点讲解） 1. 现在完成进行时的构成 have/has＋been＋v­ing 2. 现在完成进行时的用法 ① 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，将来还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。 I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn't come yet. 我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。 ② 表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间内动作一再重复发生。 She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks. 两星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。 ③ 表示某种感情色彩。 You have been daydreaming but never make an effort. 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。(指责) You have been lying to me. 你一直在对我说谎。(气愤) 3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 ① 现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性： I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过这件事了。 I have been thinking about it. 我一直在考虑这件事。 ② 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示反复性： Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见他吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ ③ 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙： 亨利工作有条不紊。 Henry has been doing his work orderly. (含表扬的意味) Henry has done his work orderly. (描述事实) 真题感知 1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished。 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 答案：be employed。 解析：考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 3.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 答案：was amazed。 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 4. （2022全国乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ______ (address) the opening ceremony. 【答案】addressed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。 5. （2022全国新高考1卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ...... 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 6. （2022全国新高考1卷）The GPNP ______ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ...... 【答案】 is designed 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 7.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 【答案】has walked 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 8.（2022浙江1月）..many of them climate scientists ________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】have promised 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。 提升专练 1．The news report still needs (polish) before it can be published. 【答案】to be polished/polishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇新闻报道在发表之前还需要修改。need doing sth.，表示“某事需要被做”，need后接动名词表示被动，短语need to do sth.“需要做某事”，polish与report构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be polished/polishing。 2．She (distract) from her studies ever since she joined the movie club. 【答案】has been distracted 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自从她加入了电影俱乐部，就就已经无心学习了。结合ever since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应用现在完成时，主语She和动词distract之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been distracted。 3．“The Nautilus (drift) past the coast of New York this time tomorrow, so if we try tonight, there is a chance of reaching land.” Ned said. 【答案】will be drifting 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：“明天这个时候，Nautilus要从纽约海面上漂过，所以，如果我们今晚试一试，是有可能到达陆地的。”Ned说。结合时间状语this time tomorrow可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时。故填will be drifting。 4．At 9:00 next Sunday, I (accompany) my daughter on a trip to Princeton. 【答案】will be accompanying 【详解】考查时态。句意：下周日9点，我将陪我的女儿去普林斯顿旅行。由“At 9:00 next Sunday”可知，句子时态是将来进行时，即will be doing，因此空格处是will be accompanying，故填will be accompanying。 5．We (run) out of gas, so we’d better stop at the next gas station to fill up. 【答案】are running 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们的汽油快用完了，所以我们最好在下一个加油站加油。此处为现在进行时表将来时，主语为we，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are running。 6．Exhausted after the journey in a capsule, Li Qiang (slide) into bed and fell fast asleep. 【答案】slid 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：乘坐太空舱旅行后精疲力尽，李强躺在床上，很快就睡着了。根据“ fell fast asleep”可知，本句为一般过去时，slide的过去时为slid。故填slid。 7．Before the couple arrived at the theatre, the stage (light) with candles to create a romantic atmosphere as requested by the husband.   【答案】was lit 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在这对夫妇到达剧院之前，舞台按照丈夫的要求用蜡烛照亮，创造了一种浪漫的氛围。分析句子可知，light“照亮”是谓语动词，与主语the stage是被动关系，before引导的状语从句用一般过去时，故主句用一般过去时，且主语the stage是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，light的过去分词是lit，故填was lit。 8．It was a shame that I was (beat) by a much younger man in English competition. 【答案】beaten/beat 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：真遗憾，我在英语竞赛中输给了一个比我年轻得多的人。根据“by a much younger man”可知，此处应用be done表示被动语态，beat的过去分词为beaten或beat，故填beaten或beat。 9．You, rather than I, (blame) for the accident which happened yesterday. 【答案】were to blame 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。句意：昨天发生的事故是你的错，而不是我。根据句中yesterday可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式。句中有rather than，意为“而不是”，谓语动词与rather than前面的You保持一致。句中涉及固定短语“sb. be to blame”，意为“某人应为……承担责任”，be动词与You保持一致且句子为一般过去时，故be动词应用were。故填were to blame。 10．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all－round forms of exercise. 【答案】is regarded 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，骑自行车，以及慢跑和游泳，被认为是最好的全面锻炼形式之一。根据Nowadays可知，句子应使用一般现在时，主语cycling, along with jogging and swimming和动词regard之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，本句主语是由along with连接的，其谓语动词要与along with之前的主语cycling在数上保持一致，故填is regarded。 11．A new bridge is now (construct) across the river and will be completed next month. 【答案】being constructed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一座横跨这条河的新桥正在建造中，将于下月完工。根据句中时间状语now可知，用现在进行时。主语 bridge 与construct之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填being constructed。 12．By the time he arrived from Europe, the disease (break) out in his hometown. 【答案】 had broken 【详解】考查时态。句意：当他从欧洲回来时，他的家乡已经爆发了这种疾病。by the time+过去时间，主句过去完成。根据句意，故填had broken。 13．When she heard that her father (die) in the accident, she burst out crying. 【答案】had died 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当她听说她父亲在事故中丧生时，她突然大哭起来。本句是that引导的宾语从句，die作从句的谓语，根据heard可知，此处是描述过去的过去发生的事，应用过去完成时。故填had died。 14．Since that first morning in 1978, I (follow) the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. 【答案】have followed 【详解】考查时态。句意：从1978年的第一个早晨起，我就养成了这个习惯，直到今天，不再为不写作找借口，也不接受任何借口。根据时间状语Since that first morning in 1978可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。主谓一致，故填have followed。 15．In the past few weeks, the terrible accident (bring) pet management in residential compounds (住宅区) into focus. 【答案】has brought 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几周里，这起可怕的事故使居民区的宠物管理成为人们关注的焦点。根据句中的时间状语In the past few weeks可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语the terrible accident为第三人称单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填has brought。 16．We (live) here since 1994. 【答案】have lived 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们从1994年起就住在这里。根据空后的时间状语since 1994，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，将有可能继续下去；空前主语是第一人称复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have lived。 17．I wasn’t sure whether he (come) to this scene the next morning. 【答案】would come 【详解】考查时态。句意：我不确定他第二天早上是否会来这里。分析句子结构，whether引导一个宾语从句。根据从句中的时间状语the next morning和主句中的wasn’t 可知，这里表示在过去某事看来将来会发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故填would come。 18．The family wondered how he (react) to the shocking news after he was told about it. 【答案】would react 【详解】考查时态。句意：家人想知道他被告知这个令人震惊的消息后会作何反应。分析可知，所填动词作从句的谓语动词，结合时间状语从句“after he was told about it(在他被告知之后)”可知，应是过去将来时结构，即，“would do”。故填would react。 19．The driver was scrolling through his smart phone when the crash (occur) on the sharp bend. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在急转弯处发生车祸时，司机正在浏览他的智能手机。根据句意并句中的was scrolling可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填occurred。 20．She said such arguments (ignore) the question of where ultimate responsibility lay. 【答案】ignored 【详解】考查时态。句意：她说，这样的争论忽视了最终责任在哪里的问题。设空处为从句谓语，根据主句的时态，应用一般过去时，故填ignored。 21．The walls, painted brilliant white, (reflect) the afternoon sun. 【答案】reflected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：墙被漆成明亮的白色，反射着午后的阳光。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处应该是在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，需用reflect的过去式。故填reflected。 22．It began to snow while the students (walk) towards the school. 【答案】were walking 【详解】考查时态。句意：当学生们向学校走去的时候，天开始下雪了。此处在从句中作谓语，由主句谓语began可知，句子描述过去发生的事，且从句表示学生们正在走向学校的时候，应用过去进行时，从句主语为复数，be动词应用were，故填were walking。 23．When I got up at 6:30 this morning, my mother (prepare) toast and jam. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我早上6点30起床时，我妈妈正在准备吐司和果酱。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语从句When I got up at 06:30 this morning判断，此处应用过去进行时，表示在过去某一时间点或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，且主语my mother为单数，be动词应用was。故填was preparing。 24．She (have)an important debate about global warming and climate change next week. 【答案】will have 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：下周她将有一场关于全球变暖和气候变化的重要辩论。根据next week可知，用一般将来时。故填will have。 25．I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be reading 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天这个时候我将正在读从图书馆借的那本小说。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语“at this time tomorrow”可知，此句阐述的是“明天这个时候正在读小说”，表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或处于的状态用将来进行时，谓语动词为will be doing，因此，设空处填will be reading。故填will be reading。 26．Why are you so late? I (wait) for you for three hours. 【答案】have been waiting 【详解】考查时态。句意：你为什么这么晚？我已经等你三个小时了。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据for three hours可知，本句话用现在完成进行时态，强调动作的持续性，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been waiting。 27．He (write) a novel since he graduated from university. 【答案】has been writing/has written 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他大学毕业后一直在写小说。/他大学毕业后写了一部小说。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，时间状语从句为since he graduated from university，主句的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，可以用现在完成进行时表示动作的延续性，也可以用现在完成时表示动作已完成，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has been writing/has written。 28．I (sign) an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be signing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天这个时候我就要签署器官捐赠协议了。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句this time tomorrow时间状语可知，此处应为将来进行时，表示将来某一时间点正在做的事情。故填will be signing。 29．I can’t meet you at nine tomorrow. I (have) a meeting. 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我明天九点不能见你。我要开个会。根据时间状语at nine tomorrow表示那段时间一直做某事，应用将来进行时。用will be doing。故填will be meeting。 30．Children under fourteen must (accompany) by an adult. 【答案】be accompanied 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：14岁以下的儿童必须由成人陪同。主语children与谓语accompany之间是被动关系，使用被动语态be done，空前有情态动词must，后用动词原形。故填be accompanied。 31．Mary (employ) at this job since she graduated from college. 【答案】has been employed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽大学毕业后就一直从事这份工作。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为since she graduated from college，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，employ和主语Mary之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为单数，助动词用has。故填has been employed。 32．It was the first time that I (ask) to sing in public and I was a bit nervous. 【答案】had been asked 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这是我第一次被要求在公共场合唱歌，我有点紧张。it was the first time that...为固定句型，表示“这是第一次……”，其中that引导的从句应用过去完成时，结合语意，ask与主语I之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been asked。 33．Conversations are not (permit) in the library. 【答案】permitted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：图书馆里不允许谈话。由句意可知，此处表示客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Conversations和动词permit之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动，即are permitted，空前已有are，所以填permitted。故填permitted。 34．It (estimate) that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 【答案】is estimated 【详解】考查时态和被动。句意：据估计，到2025年，全国将有超过2000万辆共享单车投入运营。分析可知，所填动词为主句的谓语动词，结合语境在讲述客观事实，用一般现在时。“It”为形式主语，真正主语为that引导的从句“more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025(到2025年，全国将有超过2000万辆共享单车投入运营)”，指代一件事，与动词“estimate(估计)”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态：is done。故填is estimated。 35．To our surprise, Mr Lee was (appoint) as manager of the sales department. 【答案】appointed 【详解】考查动词。句意：令我们吃惊的是，李先生被任命为销售部经理。主语与appoint构成被动关系，根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填appointed。 36．As you (expose) to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space. 【答案】are exposed 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当你接触到不同的文化时，你可能会觉得穿越了时间和空间。主语you和动词expose之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are，故填are exposed。 37．Yesterday the invitation to the party (turn) down by Linda because she had another plan. 【答案】was turned 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天，琳达拒绝了参加晚会的邀请，因为她另有计划。根据“Yesterday”可知，句子在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，turn down“拒绝”和主语invitation之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was turned。 38．Three women and their children (rescue) from the burning house by the firemen since the fire broke out. 【答案】have been rescued 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自从火灾发生后，消防队员已经从着火的房子里救出了三个妇女和她们的孩子。此句为主从复合句，设空处在主句中作谓语，由时间状语从句since the fire broke out可知主句为现在完成时，主语Three women and their children与动词rescue之间为被动关系，此主句谓语用现在完成时的被动语态，Three women and their children作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been rescued。 39．A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River and (spot) by a local fisherman. 【答案】was spotted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一只粉红色的河豚从亚马逊河跃出，并且被当地一个渔民发现。主语A pink river dolphin与谓语spot构成被动关系，根据上文A pink river dolphin leapt out of the Amazon River可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为A pink river dolphin是单数，be动词用was。故填was spotted。 40．She (ban) from athletics for two years after failing a drug test. 【答案】was banned 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：由于药检不合格，她被禁赛两年。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语ban from，意为“禁止进入；禁止参加”，主语she和ban之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知，该句陈述过去事实，因此可使用一般过去时。故填was banned。 41．Since these technologies can improve efficiency by more than 50%, they (apply) to the industrial process in a comprehensive manner in the past few years. 【答案】have been applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于这些技术可以提高50% 以上的效率，在过去的几年中，它们已经被广泛地应用于工业生产过程中。此处在主句中作谓语，由in the past few years可知，句子描述从过去到现在发生的事，应用现在完成时，且主语they和动词apply是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been applied。 42．He lost the chance for promotion because he (investigate) by the police for fraud at that time. 【答案】was being investigated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他失去了晋升的机会，因为他当时正在接受警方的欺诈调查。根据时间状语 at that time可知，用过去进行时。主语he与investigate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was being investigated。 43．She think she should (applaud) for her honesty. 【答案】be applauded 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：她认为她应该因为诚实而受到赞许。结合句意可知，主语she和动词applaud之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be applauded。 44．On September 30, 2022, the Australian women’s basketball team (defeat) by the Chinese team. 【答案】was defeated 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：2022年9月30日，澳大利亚女篮被中国队打败。根据时间状语On September 30, 2022可知，空处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。根据by以及句意可知，动词defeat与主语the Australian women’s basketball team之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态。根据主谓一致可知，主语是单数，be动词应用was，故填was defeated。 45．It is said that the activity (schedule) to last 3 days in order to help people realize the environmental protection. 【答案】is scheduled 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据说，该活动计划持续3天，以帮助人们实现环境保护。固定短语be scheduled to表“预定……；预期……”，根据句中时态可知，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is scheduled。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$