第06讲 动词不定式（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

►第06讲 动词不定式（讲义） 目录 考情透视·目标导航.......................................................................................................2 知识导图·思维引航.......................................................................................................3 考点突破·考法探究.......................................................................................................4 考点一 动词不定式的用法.................................................................................... 4 1.作主语........................................................................................................................................ 4 2.作宾语........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.作宾语补足语............................................................................................................................ 6 4.作定语...................................................................................................................................... 8 5.作表语...................................................................................................................................... 9 6.作状语...................................................................................................................................... 10 考点二 不定式的特殊用法......................................................................................... 12 1.疑问词+不定式................................................................................................................................ 12 2.不定式的省略.................................................................................................................................. 13 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义....................................................................................................... 13 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组）..................................................................... 15 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词......................................................................................... 15 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词......................................................................................... 16 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动词不定式的用法 · 掌握不定式作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语以及宾语补足语的用法 · 10年10考 分析近年中考试卷可知，中考对动词不定式考查一直是中考试题的重点和难点。不同题型各有侧重点。 从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、语法选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。 “疑问词+动词不定式”‌ · 掌握“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 · 10年10考 动词不定式的常用句式和其他特殊用法‌ · 掌握动词不定式的常用句型，掌握不定式的省略及‌ · 近10年连续考查 常见接动词不定式的词（组） · 掌握中考常见接动词不定式的常用词（组） · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语等 2.动词不定式的用法及其时态和语态 3. 不定式的特殊用法 4.掌握常见接动词不定式的词（组） ❤锦囊妙计 锦囊1：注意“to” 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要为动词不定式，多为不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。做此类试题时，需注意空前是否给出不定式符号to.若空前有to.则直接填动词原形：若空前无to，则需填to+动词原形。 锦囊2：看固定搭配 ①用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语，如：want to, decide to, hope to等： ②用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语补足语，如：advise sb. to to sth., tell sb.to do sth. ask sb. to do sth.等； ③作目的状语。 知识梳理 1.不定式的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。 (1)肯定式：to + 动词原形 It’s nice to meet you. (2)否定式：not to + 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room (to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带) 2.不定式的时态和语态 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 考点一 动词不定式的用法 知识梳理 1.作主语 1. 不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 2. 不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构； 4.It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。 例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 【名师提醒】 1. 不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless，honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude等。 3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。 即时训练 1．It’s fun ________ football with my classmates after school. A．playing B．to play C．plays D．play 2．—Is it great fun ________ basketball matches?    —I don’t think so. I have fun ________ tennis. A．to watch; playing B．to watch; to play C．watching; to play D．watching; playing 3．—________ important for him ________ a walk after dinner? —Yes. He needs to do more exercise to keep fit. A．Is that; to take B．Is it; to take C．Is that; takes D．Is it; taking 2.不定式作宾语 知识梳理 ①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 口诀 动词 希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine 设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend 主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan 请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help 即时训练 1．—Look! Here comes the bus! —Take care! Tiande Lake Park is such a wonderful place that visitors can’t wait _______ when they _______. A． getting off it; reach B．to get off it; arrive C．getting it off; get to D．to get it off ; arrive at 2．—Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A． repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 3．The fish looks ________. I can’t wait ________ it. A．good; to taste B．well; taste C．good; tasting D．well; tasting 4．He wants ________ around the world because he enjoys ________ new places. A．travelling; seeing B．to travel; to see C．to travel; seeing D．travelling; to see 3.作宾语补足语 知识梳理 (1)see类动词(不定式作宾补省to): 巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 例1. He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/invite/need/order/remind/teach want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……: 例2. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 (3)be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that… (4)think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 例3. Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。 即时训练 1．—Miss Fang always tells us ________ too much in class. —Of course. We should listen to the teacher carefully when having lessons. A．not to talk B．don’t talk C．doesn’t talk D．not talk 2．Jim is my best friend. He is good at ________ jokes and he always makes me ________. A．tell; laugh B．telling; to laugh C．tell; laughing D．telling; laugh 3．—I want to have my bike ________. —Let us get the man over there ________ you. A．repair; to help B．repaired; help C．repaired; to help D．repaired; helps 4．They take turns ________ their classroom. Can you help Simon ________ the floor? A．cleaning; sweep B．to clean; sweeping C．clean; sweeping D．to clean; sweep 4.作定语 知识梳理 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 (1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些假期读的书。 (2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你有用英语读和写的能力吗？ (3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。 (4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。 —Do you have anything to be typed, sir? —No, thanks. ——先生，你有东西要打印吗？ ——没有，谢谢。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多活要干。 易错点：若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。 I have no pen to write with. 我没有写字用的钢笔。 He had no money and no place to live in. 他没钱，也没地方住。 即时训练 1．—Look! Can you see some beautiful kites ________ in the sky?    —Sure. It’s a wonderful time ________ kites. A．flying, flying B．fly, flying C．fly, to fly D．flying, to fly 2．—Is Central Park the largest city park in the USA? —Yes. It is ________ perfect place for people ________ after a day’s work. A．a; rest B．a; to rest C．the; rest D．the; to rest 3．I don’t have much time ________ TV. I have a good time ________ kites. A．to watch; to fly B．to watch; flying C．watching; to fly D．watching; flying 4．They tried their best ________ the ship ________ down. But failed. A．to prevent, going B．prevented, from going C．prevent, going D．to prevent, from going 5．The Double Ninth Festival is a time ________ respect and love ________ our elders. A．show; for B．showing; to C．to show; to D．to show; under 5.作表语 知识梳理 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 ③What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 ④ My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to： （1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。 （2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。 All you need to do now is complete the form. 你现在要做的是把这张表填好。 The only thing to do now is go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 即时训练 1．The first thing to protect this green land is _________ a public rule. A．making B．to making C．make D．to make 2．A teacher’s main duty is ________ give students interesting lessons and help them deal with problems. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 3．My cousin has problems ________English. In fact, the best way of learning English is ________it. A．learn; to use B．learning; use C．learning; to use 4．My Grandmother’s dream is ________ around the world. A．travel B．travels C．travelled D．to travel 6.作状语 知识梳理 (1) 不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 (2) 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to等结构。 (3)不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 (2)作结果状语 a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture. 她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 The house is large enough to hold two hundred people. 这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。 (3)作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 They were surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 (4)动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 即时训练 1．John loves his mother so much. Every morning he walks 2 kilometres ________ her favorite bread for breakfast. A．buys B．to buy C．buying D．bought 2．________ ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 3．My new classmates are all nice. I am happy ________. A．make friends with them B．to make friends with them C．making friends with them D．to make friends with him 4．Little Tom is so excited ________his new bike. A．see B．to see C．seeing D．sees 5．Do you think Kate is ________ herself? A．enough old to dress B．old enough to dress C．enough old dressing D．old enough dressing 6．My brother is five years old. He is ________ young ________ go to school alone. A．so; as B．so; that C．too; to D．as; to 考点二 不定式的特殊用法 知识梳理 1.疑问词+不定式 动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 【易错提醒】 why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。 2.不定式的省略 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2. 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 例1. I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。 The girl was watched to enter the hall. 例2. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to） 他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。 例3. They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to） 他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义 （1）不定式的主动形式 ①不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时 That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。 ②在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。 He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。 The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。 ③不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two. 两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。 ④某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。 He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。 The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。 （2）不定式的被动形式 ①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。 A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year. 每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。 ②不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。 The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change 明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。 ③不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 The novel is said to have been translated into several languages. 这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。 即时训练 1．Life in the US was hard _________. A．to get used to B．getting used to C．to get used to it D．getting used to it 2．The kind of dog is hard __________ and even harder __________. A．to find; to be kept B．finding; keeping C．to be found; to keep D．to find; to keep 3．Sometimes I find maths problems are too hard for me to ________. A．work out B．work it out C．work them out D．be worked out 4．—Can you tell me ________ to join the DIY Club? —Scan the QR code (扫二维码) and then fill in the form of personal information on your phone. A．when B．what C．why D．how 5．—I don’t know ________ for my cousin’s wedding.        —You look so good now. A．how to wear B．what to wear C．when to wear D．where to wear 6．She is not tall enough to put up the picture. She needs a chair ________. A．to stand B．to be stood C．to stand on D．to be stood on 7．The lost child did nothing but ________ home. A．go B．to go C．going D．went 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组） 知识梳理 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词 1. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 2. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 4. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 5. decide to do sth 决定做某事 6. promise to do sth. 答应做某事 7. demand to do sth 要求做某事 8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 9. determine to do sth. 决心做某事 10. want to do sth. 想要做某事 11. expect to do sth. 期待做某事 12. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 13. fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 14. aim to do sth. 打算做某事 15. help to do sth 帮助做某事 16. fail to do sth. 未能做某事 17. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 18. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 19. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 21. manage to do sth. 设法做某事 22. hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 24. struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 25. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 注：红色字体为不及物动词+接不定式 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 即时训练 1．The movie is so interesting that it makes me ________ happily. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 2．My parents often ask me ________. It’s bad for our health. A．stay up late B．to stay up late C．not stay up late D．not to stay up late 3．I regret ________ that Sally can’t come to the party because she is badly ill. A．to say B．saying C．said 4．The river is very deep. The villagers warn us ________ here. A．don’t swim B．not to swim C．not swimming D．to not swim 5．— You’d better advise him ________ anything out of the window while driving. — I will. It’s dangerous. A．to throw B．not to throw C．throwing D．don’t throw 6．The sign tells us ________ on the grass, or the grass will “cry” with pain. A．to walk B．not to walk C．walking D．don’t walk 7．Why not ________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problems? A．to ask; how to do with. B．ask; what to deal with C．to ask; how to deal with D．ask; what to do with 8．He promised ________ enough sleep and a healthy diet. A．have B．to have C．had D．having 9．—Though the work is too difficult for Tom, he managed ________ it without anyone’s help. —Really? That’s amazing. A．to finish B．finishing C．finish 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ►第06讲 动词不定式（讲义） 目录 考情透视·目标导航.......................................................................................................2 知识导图·思维引航.......................................................................................................3 考点突破·考法探究.......................................................................................................4 考点一 动词不定式的用法.................................................................................... 4 1.作主语........................................................................................................................................ 4 2.作宾语........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.作宾语补足语............................................................................................................................ 7 4.作定语...................................................................................................................................... 9 5.作表语...................................................................................................................................... 11 6.作状语...................................................................................................................................... 13 考点二 不定式的特殊用法......................................................................................... 15 1.疑问词+不定式................................................................................................................................ 16 2.不定式的省略.................................................................................................................................. 16 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义....................................................................................................... 17 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组）..................................................................... 19 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词......................................................................................... 19 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词......................................................................................... 20 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 动词不定式的用法 · 掌握不定式作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语以及宾语补足语的用法 · 10年10考 分析近年中考试卷可知，中考对动词不定式考查一直是中考试题的重点和难点。不同题型各有侧重点。 从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、语法选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。 “疑问词+动词不定式”‌ · 掌握“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 · 10年10考 动词不定式的常用句式和其他特殊用法‌ · 掌握动词不定式的常用句型，掌握不定式的省略及‌ · 近10年连续考查 常见接动词不定式的词（组） · 掌握中考常见接动词不定式的常用词（组） · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语等 2.动词不定式的用法及其时态和语态 3. 不定式的特殊用法 4.掌握常见接动词不定式的词（组） ❤锦囊妙计 锦囊1：注意“to” 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要为动词不定式，多为不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。做此类试题时，需注意空前是否给出不定式符号to.若空前有to.则直接填动词原形：若空前无to，则需填to+动词原形。 锦囊2：看固定搭配 ①用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语，如：want to, decide to, hope to等： ②用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语补足语，如：advise sb. to to sth., tell sb.to do sth. ask sb. to do sth.等； ③作目的状语。 知识梳理 1.不定式的概念及特点 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。 (1)肯定式：to + 动词原形 It’s nice to meet you. (2)否定式：not to + 动词原形 He told me not to leave this room (to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带) 2.不定式的时态和语态 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 考点一 动词不定式的用法 知识梳理 1.作主语 1. 不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 2. 不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3. 常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构； 4.It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 例1：To succeed calls for hard work. 成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。 例2：It’s not easy to find your way around the small town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 【名师提醒】 1. 不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。 2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless，honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude等。 3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。 即时训练 1．It’s fun ________ football with my classmates after school. A．playing B．to play C．plays D．play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：放学后和我的同班同学踢足球很有趣。考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s fun...football...”可知，此处是it’s+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是……”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以空处使用动词不定式。故选B。 2．—Is it great fun ________ basketball matches?    —I don’t think so. I have fun ________ tennis. A．to watch; playing B．to watch; to play C．watching; to play D．watching; playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看篮球比赛很有趣吗？——我不这么认为。我打网球很开心。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，第一个空前的“it”为形式主语，此处用不定式形式，作真正的主语；have fun doing sth.“享受做某事的乐趣”，是固定词组。故选A。 3．—________ important for him ________ a walk after dinner? —Yes. He needs to do more exercise to keep fit. A．Is that; to take B．Is it; to take C．Is that; takes D．Is it; taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对他来说饭后散步是重要的吗？——是的。他需要通过多运动来保持健康。考查it固定句型。it is+形容词+for sb to do sth是固定句式，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，一般疑问句中把is提前。故选B。 2.不定式作宾语 知识梳理 ①有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。 如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. 口诀 动词 希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, tend, decide/determine 设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend 主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan 请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help 即时训练 1．—Look! Here comes the bus! —Take care! Tiande Lake Park is such a wonderful place that visitors can’t wait _______ when they _______. A． getting off it; reach B．to get off it; arrive C．getting it off; get to D．to get it off ; arrive at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！公共汽车来了！——当心！天德湖公园是一个如此美妙的地方，游客们到达时迫不及待地想下车。考查非谓语动词和动词及动词短语辨析。get off it下车；get it off把它拿掉；reach到达，后接地点；arrive到达，不及物动词；get to到达，后接地点；arrive at到达，后接小地点。第一空，考查can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”，所以填动词不定式短语，排除A、C选项；第二空，只有“arrive”符合，其它选项均需要后接地点。故选B。 2．—Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A． repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我的自行车坏了，它需要被修理。——不要担心，你爸爸将很快修好它。考查固定短语。require doing=require to be done，意为 “需要被做” ；have sth done意为 “请某人做某事，使某事被做”。所以第一空答案为repairing/to be repaired，第二空答案为repaired，故选A。 3．The fish looks ________. I can’t wait ________ it. A．good; to taste B．well; taste C．good; tasting D．well; tasting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条鱼看起来不错，我迫不及待地想品尝它。考查感觉系动词和非谓语动词。good好的，形容词；well好地，副词；taste品尝，动词原形；tasting动名词或现在分词；to taste动词不定式。题干中look意为“看起来”，为感官系动词，后跟形容词，故第一空填good；can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待地想做某事”，故第二空填to taste。故选A。 4．He wants ________ around the world because he enjoys ________ new places. A．travelling; seeing B．to travel; to see C．to travel; seeing D．travelling; to see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他想要环游世界，因为他喜欢看新的地方。考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”，enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”。故选C。 3.作宾语补足语 知识梳理 (1)see类动词(不定式作宾补省to): 巧记--让美克注意听听看看这块表有的感觉-- let, make, notice, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 例1. He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/invite/need/order/remind/teach want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer等动词后只接to do 作宾补 sb to do……: 例2. If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。 (3)be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that… (4)think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。 例3. Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 【易错提醒】 有些动词用带to的不定式作补足语，但使役动词（make, let, have等）与感官动词（watch, hear, feel, notice, see等）用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to；但当这些词用于被动语态时，to不能省略（let除外）。 即时训练 1．—Miss Fang always tells us ________ too much in class. —Of course. We should listen to the teacher carefully when having lessons. A．not to talk B．don’t talk C．doesn’t talk D．not talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——方老师总是告诉我们不要在课堂上说话太多。——当然。上课时我们应该认真听老师讲课。考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”，固定短语。故选A。 2．Jim is my best friend. He is good at ________ jokes and he always makes me ________. A．tell; laugh B．telling; to laugh C．tell; laughing D．telling; laugh 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆是我最好的朋友。他擅长讲笑话，总是让我发笑。考查非谓语动词。介词at后加动名词；make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故选D。 3．—I want to have my bike ________. —Let us get the man over there ________ you. A．repair; to help B．repaired; help C．repaired; to help D．repaired; helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想让人修理我的自行车。——让我们找那边的人来帮你。考查非谓语动词和不定式结构。have sth. done表示“让某物被……”，因此第一空用repaired表示被动；get sb. to do sth.表示“让某人去做某事”，因此第二空用to help。故选C。 4．They take turns ________ their classroom. Can you help Simon ________ the floor? A．cleaning; sweep B．to clean; sweeping C．clean; sweeping D．to clean; sweep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们轮流打扫他们的教室，你能够帮助Simon扫地吗？考查固定短语。cleaning；sweep现在分词或动名词；动词原形；to clean；sweeping动词不定式；现在分词或动名词；clean；sweeping动词原形；现在分词或动名词；to clean；sweep动词不定式；动词原形。固定短语“take turns to do sth.”表示“轮流做某事”，因此“take turns”后跟“to clean”；固定短语“help sb. (to) do sth.”表示“帮助某人做某事”，其中“to”可以省略，因此“help Simon (to) sweep the floor”意为“帮助Simon扫地”。 故选D。 4.作定语 知识梳理 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 (1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。 His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些假期读的书。 (2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? 你有用英语读和写的能力吗？ (3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。 (4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。 —Do you have anything to be typed, sir? —No, thanks. ——先生，你有东西要打印吗？ ——没有，谢谢。 I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多活要干。 易错点：若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。 I have no pen to write with. 我没有写字用的钢笔。 He had no money and no place to live in. 他没钱，也没地方住。 即时训练 1．—Look! Can you see some beautiful kites ________ in the sky?    —Sure. It’s a wonderful time ________ kites. A．flying, flying B．fly, flying C．fly, to fly D．flying, to fly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看！你能看到一些漂亮的风筝在空中飞吗？——当然。这是放风筝的好时候。考查非谓语。根据“Look! Can you see some beautiful kites...in the sky?”可知，此处指有一些风筝正飞在空中 ，应是see...doing“看到……正在做某事”，第一空是flying；根据“It’s a wonderful time...kites.”可知，此处指放风筝的好时候，应是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰time，第二空是to fly。故选D。 2．—Is Central Park the largest city park in the USA? —Yes. It is ________ perfect place for people ________ after a day’s work. A．a; rest B．a; to rest C．the; rest D．the; to rest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中央公园是美国最大的城市公园吗？——是的。对于人们来说，这是一天工作后休息的完美地点。考查冠词和不定式。第一个空考虑到“perfect place”为泛指，应用不定冠词“a”。第二个空后是动词不定式做后置定语，表示“去休息”，故需用“to rest”。故选B。 3．I don’t have much time ________ TV. I have a good time ________ kites. A．to watch; to fly B．to watch; flying C．watching; to fly D．watching; flying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我没什么时间看电视。我放风筝玩得很开心。考查非谓语动词。have much time to do sth“有很多时间做某事”，have a good time doing sth“做某事很开心”。B选项符合。故选B。 4．They tried their best ________ the ship ________ down. But failed. A．to prevent, going B．prevented, from going C．prevent, going D．to prevent, from going 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他们尽最大的努力阻止船下沉，但失败了。考查固定结构。try one’s best to do sth意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，所以第一空用to prevent；prevent sb/sth from doing sth意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，所以第二空用from going。故选D。 5．The Double Ninth Festival is a time ________ respect and love ________ our elders. A．show; for B．showing; to C．to show; to D．to show; under 【答案】C 【详解】句意：重阳节是我们向长辈表达尊敬和爱的日子。考查非谓语动词和介词辨析。根据“The Double Ninth Festival is a time ... respect and love”可知，重阳节是表达尊敬与爱的日子，第一空应用不定式作定语，修饰名词time；for为了；to向，朝着；under在……下面。根据“our elders”可知，此处指向老人表达尊敬与爱，to符合题意。故选C。 5.作表语 知识梳理 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 ③What she likes is watching/to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 ④ My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to： （1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。 （2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。 All you need to do now is complete the form. 你现在要做的是把这张表填好。 The only thing to do now is go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 即时训练 1．The first thing to protect this green land is _________ a public rule. A．making B．to making C．make D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：保护这片绿地的首要任务是制定公共规则。考查非谓语动词用法。making制定，现在分词或动名词；to making错误表达；make制定，动词原形；to make制定，动词不定式。根据分析句子成分可知，空处缺不定式作表语，故选D。 2．A teacher’s main duty is ________ give students interesting lessons and help them deal with problems. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师的主要职责是帮助学生上有趣的课，帮助他们解决问题。考查非谓语动词。根据“A teacher’s main duty is…give students interesting lessons”可知，此处用动词不定式作表语。故选C。 3．My cousin has problems ________English. In fact, the best way of learning English is ________it. A．learn; to use B．learning; use C．learning; to use 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的表弟在学习英语方面有问题。事实上，学习英语最好的方法是使用它。考查非谓语动词。have problems (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，所以第一空填learning；第二空填不定式to use作表语。故选C。 4．My Grandmother’s dream is ________ around the world. A．travel B．travels C．travelled D．to travel 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖母的梦想是环游世界。考查非谓语。travel动词原形；travels动词第三人称单数；travelled动词过去式；to travel动词不定式。作为系动词is的表语，用动词不定式，故选D。 6.作状语 知识梳理 (1) 不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 (2) 不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to等结构。 (3)不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。 To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 (2)作结果状语 a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。 She was so late as to miss half of the lecture. 她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 The house is large enough to hold two hundred people. 这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。 (3)作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 They were surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 (4)动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂。 The picture is pleasant to look at.这张画很好看。 即时训练 1．John loves his mother so much. Every morning he walks 2 kilometres ________ her favorite bread for breakfast. A．buys B．to buy C．buying D．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：约翰非常爱他的妈妈。每天早上他走两公里路去买她最喜欢的面包当早餐。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，walks为谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词，结合句意“去买她最喜欢的面包”可知，此处应用不定式表目的，故选B。 2．________ ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了确保我们免受危险，我们必须在骑电动自行车时佩戴头盔。考查非谓语动词。根据“... ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes.”可知骑电动自行车时戴头盔是为了保护自己免受危险，用动词不定式作目的状语，因此用To keep。故选D。 3．My new classmates are all nice. I am happy ________. A．make friends with them B．to make friends with them C．making friends with them D．to make friends with him 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的新同学们都很友好。我很开心和他们成为朋友。考查不定式及人称代词宾格。be happy to do sth“做某事很开心”，固定搭配，应用不定式结构to make，make friends with sb“和某人交朋友”，固定搭配，主语是my new classmates，复数形式，用them指代。故选B。 4．Little Tom is so excited ________his new bike. A．see B．to see C．seeing D．sees 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小汤姆看到他的新自行车感到兴奋。考查非谓语动词。see动词原形；to see动词不定式；seeing动词的ing形式；sees动词的第三人称单数形式。根据题干及句意，此处是固定短语“be excited to do sth.”意为“做某事很兴奋”，此处是动词不定式做原因状语。故选B。 5．Do you think Kate is ________ herself? A．enough old to dress B．old enough to dress C．enough old dressing D．old enough dressing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你认为凯特足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了吗？考查副词位置和非谓语动词。old“（年龄）大的”，形容词，enough作副词修饰形容词时，应放在形容词后面，old enough“（年龄）足够大”。… enough to do sth表示“足够……去做某事”。故选B。 6．My brother is five years old. He is ________ young ________ go to school alone. A．so; as B．so; that C．too; to D．as; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我弟弟五岁了。他太小了，不能一个人去上学。考查固定结构。not so...as“不如……”；so...that“如此……以至于……”，that后接从句；too...to“太……而不能……”。根据“My brother is five years old. He is ... young ... go to school alone.”可知，此处指弟弟太小而不能去上学，用too...to连接。故选C。 考点二 不定式的特殊用法 知识梳理 1.疑问词+不定式 动词不定式可以与疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose及疑问副词when, where, how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 【易错提醒】 why不能用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。 2.不定式的省略 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）； 2. 在介词but, except表示“除了......”之意的单词前，若有实义动词do， 作宾语的不定式则省略to;若无do, 则to不能省略。 3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的to可以省略；如果两个或多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则保留to。 4.下列句型常省略to： may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 例1. I watched the girl enter the hall.我看着那个小女孩走进了大厅。 The girl was watched to enter the hall. 例2. He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.（并列关系，do前省略了to） 他拒绝花时间和我们在一起，也拒绝照我们说的做。 例3. They came not to save us, but to conquer us.（对比关系，不能省to） 他们不是来救我们的，而是来征服我们的。 3.不定式的主动形式表被动含义 （1）不定式的主动形式 ①不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时 That flying bird is impossible to catch. 那只会飞的鸟是不可能被抓住的。 ②在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。 He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。 The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。 ③不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two. 两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。 ④某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。 He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。 The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。 （2）不定式的被动形式 ①当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。 A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year. 每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。 ②不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。 The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change 明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。 ③不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 The novel is said to have been translated into several languages. 这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。 即时训练 1．Life in the US was hard _________. A．to get used to B．getting used to C．to get used to it D．getting used to it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：美国的生活很难适应。考查动词不定式。be hard to do sth. 表示“做某事很困难”，为固定结构，故hard后填动词不定式，get used to 表示“习惯”，其意义上的宾语就是“Life in the US ”，因此其后不再加宾语。故选A。 2．The kind of dog is hard __________ and even harder __________. A．to find; to be kept B．finding; keeping C．to be found; to keep D．to find; to keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这种狗很难找到，甚至更难养。考查动词不定式。结合选项的动词find和keep可知，其与句子的主语The kind of dog具备逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。hard to find“很难找到”，hard to keep“很难养”。故选D。 3．Sometimes I find maths problems are too hard for me to ________. A．work out B．work it out C．work them out D．be worked out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有时我发现数学问题对我来说太难了而解不出来。考查动词短语。根据“I find maths problems are too hard for me to”可知，此处是指解不出数学题，句子已出现“maths problems”，同一句话无需再次使用代词指代，排除B/C选项；且此处逻辑主语是me，因此用不定式的主动形式。故选A。 4．—Can you tell me ________ to join the DIY Club? —Scan the QR code (扫二维码) and then fill in the form of personal information on your phone. A．when B．what C．why D．how 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样加入DIY俱乐部吗？  ——扫描二维码，在手机上填写个人信息表格。 考查特殊疑问词。when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；how怎样。结合答句“Scan the QR code and then…扫描二维码然后……”可知，问句应在询问对方该怎么作，是对“方式”提问，应用how表示“怎么样，如何”。故选D。 5．—I don’t know ________ for my cousin’s wedding.        —You look so good now. A．how to wear B．what to wear C．when to wear D．where to wear 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道我堂兄的婚礼穿什么。——你现在看起来就很好。考查疑问词+不定式作宾语。howto wear怎么穿；what to wear穿什么；when to wear什么时候穿；where to wear在哪里穿。根据回答“You look so good now.”可知，这里应该填what to wear穿什么。故选B。 6．She is not tall enough to put up the picture. She needs a chair ________. A．to stand B．to be stood C．to stand on D．to be stood on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她不够高，不能把照片挂起来。她需要一把椅子站着。考查非谓语动词。根据“needs a chair”可知此处用动词不定式作宾补，和chair是动宾关系，故此处用助动形式表被动，且stand是不及物动词，后需加介词on。故选C。 7．The lost child did nothing but ________ home. A．go B．to go C．going D．went 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个迷路的孩子除了回家什么也没做。考查动词形式。do nothing but do sth表示“除了……什么也没做”，固定短语，所以空处用省略了to的不定式。故选A。 考点三 常见接动词不定式的词（组） 知识梳理 1.接不定式作宾语的25个常用动词 1. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 2. prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 4. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 5. decide to do sth 决定做某事 6. promise to do sth. 答应做某事 7. demand to do sth 要求做某事 8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 9. determine to do sth. 决心做某事 10. want to do sth. 想要做某事 11. expect to do sth. 期待做某事 12. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 13. fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 14. aim to do sth. 打算做某事 15. help to do sth 帮助做某事 16. fail to do sth. 未能做某事 17. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 18. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 19. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 21. manage to do sth. 设法做某事 22. hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 24. struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 25. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 注：红色字体为不及物动词+接不定式 2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事 mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth. 忍受某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 即时训练 1．The movie is so interesting that it makes me ________ happily. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影如此有趣以至于它使我开心地笑了。考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，空处用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 2．My parents often ask me ________. It’s bad for our health. A．stay up late B．to stay up late C．not stay up late D．not to stay up late 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母经常叫我不要熬夜。这对我们的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.“叫某人做某事”。根据“It’s bad for our health.”可知，因为熬夜对身体有害，所以父母叫我不要熬夜，应用ask sb. not to do sth.结构。故选D。 3．I regret ________ that Sally can’t come to the party because she is badly ill. A．to say B．saying C．said 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我很遗憾地说萨莉不能来参加聚会，因为她病得很重。考查非谓语动词。regret doing sth表示“后悔做过某事”，regret to do sth表示“后悔做某事”，常用于表达对要说的不愉快事情的遗憾。故选A。 4．The river is very deep. The villagers warn us ________ here. A．don’t swim B．not to swim C．not swimming D．to not swim 【答案】B 【详解】句意：河水很深，村民们警告我们不要在这里游泳。考查非谓语动词。根据“The villagers warn us ... here.”可知，此处是warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”。故选B。 5．— You’d better advise him ________ anything out of the window while driving. — I will. It’s dangerous. A．to throw B．not to throw C．throwing D．don’t throw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最好建议他不要在开车时候向窗外丢东西了。——我会的。这是很危险的。考查非谓语动词。advise sb (not) to do sth“建议某人（不）要做某事”，根据“anything out of the window while driving.”及“dangerous”可知，建议不要在开车时候向窗外丢东西了，故选B。 6．The sign tells us ________ on the grass, or the grass will “cry” with pain. A．to walk B．not to walk C．walking D．don’t walk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个指示牌告诉我们不要践踏草地，否则小草会痛苦地“哭泣”。考查非谓语动词。根据“tells us...on the grass”可知是告诉我们不要践踏草地，tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选B。 7．Why not ________ your teacher for advice when you don’t know ________ the problems? A．to ask; how to do with. B．ask; what to deal with C．to ask; how to deal with D．ask; what to do with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当你不知道如何处理这个问题时，为什么不向你的老师请教呢?考查特殊疑问句和疑问词+不定式结构。why not do sth“为什么不做某事呢”，可排除AC选项；do with/deal with“处理”，do with与what连用，deal with与how连用。故选D。 8．He promised ________ enough sleep and a healthy diet. A．have B．to have C．had D．having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他保证有充足的睡眠和健康的饮食。考查非谓语动词。根据空前“promised”可知，此处考查promised to do sth.“承诺做某事”，动词短语，因此这里应用动词不定式to have。故选B。 9．—Though the work is too difficult for Tom, he managed ________ it without anyone’s help. —Really? That’s amazing. A．to finish B．finishing C．finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——虽然这项工作对汤姆来说太难了，但他还是设法在没有任何人帮助的情况下完成了。——真的吗？太神奇了。考查非谓语动词。根据“Though the work is too difficult for Tom, he managed…it without anyone’s help.”及“Really? That’s amazing.”可知汤姆设法完成了这项工作。manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”，故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$