第05讲 被动语态（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

第05讲 被动语态 目 录 考情透视·目标导航.......................................................................................................2 知识导图·思维引航.......................................................................................................3 考点突破·考法探究........................................................................................................ 3 考点一 被动语态的基本句型........................................................................................ 4 考点二 不同时态被动语态的构成................................................................................ 5 考点三 被动语态的用法............................................................................................... 8 考点四 主动形式表示被动含义的动词....................................................................... 10 考点五 被动语态易混易错点...................................................................................... 12 1.系表结构与被动语态的区别...................................................................................................... 12 2.be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别........................................................................................ 12 3.主动语态变被动语态的易错点.................................................................................................. 13 4.不能用于被动语态的高频动词................................................................................................. 14 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 不同时态的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 · 10年10考 被动语态的考查常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用的形式来进行，考查的命题点有：不同时态的被动语态辨析、被动语态的用法、主动形式表被动意义等。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 · 10年10考 主动形式表示被动含义‌ · 掌握中考考点中主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ · 近10年连续考查 被动语态易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别，be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别，主动语态变被动语态的易错点 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3.熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。 4.强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 ❤锦囊妙计 1.做这类题目时，必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 2.考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 语态概述 语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态） The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态） 考点一 被动语态的基本句型 知识梳理 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 即时训练 1．Why not let the girl try again? She will do it better if she ________ a second chance. A．is given B．will give C．gives 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为什么不让那女孩再试一次呢？如果再给她一次机会，她会做得更好。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。is given一般现在时的被动语态；will give一般将来时；gives一般现在时第三人称单数。主语she与动词give之间存在着被动关系，而主句又是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时，故本题为一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。 2．A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China. Usually it ________ with a special party. A．is celebratıng B．is celebrated C．has celebrated 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在中国，婴儿的满月的庆生日是一个特殊的事情。通常要举行一个特殊的宴会庆祝。考查一般现在时的被动语态。此处表达的是客观事实，用一般现在时，it与celebrate之间是被动关系，用被动语态be+done，主语是it，be动词用is。故选B。 3．Labor Education ________ to develop the view of the world life, values and an interest in doing housework. A．is carried out B．has carried out C．carried out D．is carrying out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：劳动教育是为了培养孩子的世界观、人生观、价值观和对家务劳动的兴趣。考查被动语态。carry out“执行”，在句中作谓语，主语“Labor Education”和carry out构成动宾关系，用被动语态，其构成为 “be+过去分词”，故选A。 考点二 不同时态被动语态的构成 知识梳理 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 一般 将来时 will/ shall+ be+ done We will take new measures to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 New measures will be taken to protect the environment.我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 现在 进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done Our school is holding a sports meeting. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 A sports meeting is being held in our school.我们学校正在举办运动会。 动会。 过去 进行时 was/ were+ being done My parents was discussing the report on health at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 The report on health was being discussed by my parents at that time.那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 现在 完成时 have/ has+ been+ done They have published the results of their experiments.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 The results of their experiments have been published.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 【知识拓展】 含有情态动词的被动语态： (1)肯定句：主语+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+其他). 例：Such work can be done in an hour or so.这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。 (2)否定句:主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词(+其他). 例：Anything here can't be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。 (3)一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词(+其他)? 例：Can phones be taken into the classroom?手机能被带到教室吗? (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+其他)? 例：What can be recycled at home?家里什么东西可以回收? 即时训练 1．Earth Day _________ on April 22 every year. On this day, we can do something green. A．celebrated B．celebrates C．was celebrated D．is celebrated 【答案】D 【解析】句意：地球日是在每年的4月22日庆祝的。在这一天，我们可以做一些绿色的事情。考查时态和语态。主语Earth Day和谓语celebrate之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是Earth Day，be动词用is。故选D。 2．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in February 2024. A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在2024年2月举行的NBA全明星名人赛上，25岁的演员王鹤棣因其出色的篮球技术而受到称赞。考查被动语态。根据题干可知，主语和动词praise“称赞”之间是被动关系，结合“in February 2024.”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 3．I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon. A．send B．was sent C．are sending D．will be sent 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我喜欢网上购物，因为当我的订单准备好时，我想要的东西很快就会寄给我。考查动词时态。根据soon“很快，不久”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语the things和动词send之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以要填入一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。故选D。 4．Take the paper with you. The details we should pay attention to ________ on it already. A．writing B．being written C．written D．have been written 【答案】D 【解析】句意：随身带上纸。我们应该注意的细节已经写在上面了。考查动词时态和被动语态。根据“already”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语“The details”是动作write“写”的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done。故选D。 5．Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments. A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created 【答案】B 【解析】句意：最近，为了改善人们的阅读环境，我所在的社区创建了不同的阅读空间。考查时态和语态。主语Different reading spaces和谓语create之间是被动关系，根据“recently”可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态have/has done。故选B。 6．As he had no tools, he had to put the picture ________ the wall before it could ________. A．on; put on B．against; be put up C．up; put up D．beyond; be put on 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于他没有工具，在把画挂起来之前他不得不把它靠在墙上。考查介词辨析以及动词短语和被动语态。on在上面；against靠着；up在……的上端；beyond超过；put on增重；put up张贴。根据“put the picture...the wall before it could...”可知在把画挂起来之前是靠着墙放的，第一个空用against；第二个空用短语put up，和主语it之间是被动关系，故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态could be done。故选B。 考点三 被动语态的用法 知识梳理 1．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3．出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question．关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 4．文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted．招女工。 5．在上下文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话，学生们总是留心听他讲。 6．固定句式中常用被动语态，如It is said that……（据说……），It is/was reported that……（据报道），It is well-known that……（众所周知……）等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了 即时训练 1．—What are you reading? —Ordinary World, a book which ________ by Lu Yao in 1988. A．written B．was written C．was writing D．has being written 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你在读什么？——《平凡的世界》，这本书是路遥在1988年写的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“a book which…by Lu Yao in 1988”可知，此处指这本书是路遥在1988年写的，此句含有which引导的定语从句，主语“which”与动词“write”之间是被动的关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done”，空处应填was written。故选B。 2．More trees ________ along the Yellow River next year to prevent the soil from being washed away on rainy days. A．are planted B．will plant C．are plant D．will be planted 【答案】D 【解析】句意：明年将在黄河沿岸种植更多的树木，以防止土壤在雨天被冲走。考查动词的时态。根据“next year”可知，此处是一般将来时，主语More trees与谓语plant之间是被动关系，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 3．Shenzhou 18, carrying three astronauts, ________ to China Space Station in April, 2024. A．sent B．will send C．was sent D．will be sent 【答案】C 【解析】句意：神舟18号载着三名宇航员，于2024年4月被送往中国空间站。考查动词时态和语态。根据“in April, 2024”可知，时态是一般过去时，且主语Shenzhou 18与谓语send之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），故选C。 4．The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned D．was cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】句意：阅览室昨天下午被打扫了。考查动词的时态和语态。根据“yesterday afternoon.”可知，该句是一般过去时，“The reading room”与“clean”之间存在被动关系，因此设空处是一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。 5．The ChatGPT has influenced us a lot since its data model ________ the year before. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从ChatGPT的数据模型在一年前创建以来，它对我们产生了很大的影响。考查时态和语态。makes一般现在时，三单形式；made一般过去时，过去式；is made一般现在时的被动语态，被创建；was made一般过去时的被动语态，被创建。主语“data model”和动词make之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除AB项；分析句子可知，本句使用了“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”的句式结构，since引导的从句需用一般过去时。故排除C。故选D。 考点四 主动形式表示被动含义的动词 知识梳理 1.当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等； The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。 2.当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c此时，这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。 This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。 These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。 The door won't lock.这门无法关上。 名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。 3.不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。 The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。 即时训练 1．—My robot doesn’t work. What should I do? —I think it needs ________. You can call the customer service department. A．check B．checking C．be checked 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我的机器人坏了。我该怎么办？——我想需要检查一下。你可以打电话给客户服务部。此处是短语need doing=need to be done“需要被做”，故选B。 2．—What do you think of the graduation ceremony（典礼）? — Oh, excellent, it’s worth ________ forever. A．to remember B．be remembered C．remembering D．remembered 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你觉得毕业典礼怎么样？——哦，非常棒，它值得永远记住。考查主动表被动。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，此处用主动形式表被动含义。故选C。 3．This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well. A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这本英语书及其听力材料很畅销。考查主谓一致和被动语态。根据句子结构可知“together with its listening material”为介词短语，作为插入语，真正的主语为“This English book”，且为单数，所以排除选项C和D；sell well表示卖得很好，此时不用被动语态，故选A。 4．—Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A． repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing B． C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我的自行车坏了，它需要被修理。——不要担心，你爸爸将很快修好它。 考查固定短语。require doing=require to be done，意为 “需要被做” ；have sth done意为 “请某人做某事，使某事被做”。所以第一空答案为repairing/to be repaired，第二空答案为repaired，故选A。 5．— “The Three Body Problem” written by Liu Cixin________well recently. —Yes, it is really popular among teenagers. A．will sell B．sold C．sells D．is sold 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——刘慈欣写的《三体》最近卖得很好。——是的，它在青少年中确实很受欢迎。 考查时态和语态。will sell一般将来时；sold一般过去时；sells一般现在时的第三人称单数；is sold一般现在时的被动语态。根据语境可知，此处是在描述《三体》最近的销售情况，所以应该用一般现在时；又因为“sell well”表示“卖得好”，是一个主动意义的短语，通常不用被动语态，所以应该用主动语态。综合以上分析，只有选项C“sells”符合题意。故选C。 6．—The World War II ________ in1939 and ended in 1945. People lived a hard life. —Yes. My grandfather was in ________at that time. A．broke out; twenties B．was broken out; his twenties C．broke out; his twenties D．was broken out; the twenties 【答案】C 【解析】句意： ——第二次世界大战于1939年爆发并在1945年结束。人们过着艰难的生活。——是的，我祖父那时二十几岁。考查主动语态和年龄段表达。broke out表示“爆发”，不用被动语态，排除BD；表示“在某人的几十岁年龄”，常用“in+one’s+整十数的复数形式”，此处是his twenties。故选C。 考点五 被动语态易混易错点 知识梳理 1.系表结构与被动语态的区别 1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。 The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态) 这本书在某一家书店出售。 The book is well sold. (系表结构) 这本书卖得好。 2. 被动语态常由greatly, much等词修饰；系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等词修饰。 I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构） 我被她的善良深深地打动了。 He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构) 他对你的论文非常满意。 3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与be动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，如,become, get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear等。 These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态） 这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。 She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构） 她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。 2.be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别 “be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。 “get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。 The tree is broken. 树断了。 The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。 “be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。 “get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词do的适当形式。 The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state. 这座古老的桥是1866年建造的，现在还完好。 Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food. 许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。 3.主动语态变被动语态的易错点 1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。 →An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. →I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. 2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。 The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)． 老板让他整天都工作。 3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。 They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。 4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。 We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days. 我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。 5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。 b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。 People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。 →Paper was known to be made in China first. →It is known that paper was made in China first. 类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ... 4.不能用于被动语态的高频动词 不及物动词及短语 出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 静态动词 变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 适合 suit fit 即时训练 1．There were lots of people at the street corner when the accident ________. A．was taken place B．has happened C．was happened D．happened 【答案】D 【解析】句意：事故发生时，街角有很多人。考查一般过去时和动词辨析。happen发生；take place发生。两个动词都不用于被动语态，排除AC；根据“There were lots of people at the street corner”可知，句子是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故选D。 2．Great changes ________ in the Chinese society in the past twenty years. A．are taken place B．have taken place C．are happened 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在过去的二十年里，中国社会发生了巨大的变化。考查动词时态和语态。take place和happen，在表示“发生”时，不用被动语态结构，结合“in the past twenty years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，故选B。 3．The cotton ________ very soft and ________ white, I think it has good quality. A．is felt, is looked B．feels, looks C．smells, sounds D．is felt, looks 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这棉花摸起来很软，看起来很白，我认为质量很好。考查系动词的用法。feel感觉，摸起来；look看起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来。系动词没有被动语态，故排除选项A、D。根据句意可知第一个空是摸起来很软，第二个空是看起来很白，且主语是“The cotton”，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，结合选项，故选B。 4．—My computer works much more slowly these days. —Maybe it has caught a virus. The computer requires ________ about once a month. A．checking B．to check C．check D．checked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这些天我的电脑工作起来慢多了。——也许它感染了病毒。这台电脑大约需要每月检查一次。考查非谓语动词。require doing“需要做某事；表示某事需要被做或完成”，是固定搭配。故选A。 5．The number of Tik Tok (抖音) users ________ sharply since Tik Tok ________ in 2016. A．has risen; appeared B．have been risen; appeared C．raises; was appeared D．rose; was appeared 【答案】A 【解析】句意：自从抖音2016年出现以来，其用户数量急剧上升。考查时态和语态。根据“since”可知，主句时态是现在完成时，结构是has/have done，且rise无被动语态，因此第一空填has risen；根据“2016”可知，时态是一般过去时，且appear无被动语态，因此第二空填appeared。故选A。 6．Hangzhou Asian Games ________ in September and in October, 2023. A．took place B．are held C．were taken place D．held 【答案】A 【解析】句意：杭州亚运会于2023年9月和10月举行。考查动词辨析及时态。take place发生，举行，无被动，排除选项C；hold举办，主语一般是人。根据“in September and in October, 2023”可知，时态为一般过去时，排除选项B；此处主语为“Hangzhou Asian Games”，如用动词hold，则与之构成被动关系，被动语态结构为“be done”，排除选项D。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 被动语态 目 录 考情透视·目标导航.......................................................................................................2 知识导图·思维引航.......................................................................................................3 考点突破·考法探究........................................................................................................ 3 考点一 被动语态的基本句型........................................................................................ 4 考点二 不同时态被动语态的构成................................................................................ 5 考点三 被动语态的用法............................................................................................... 8 考点四 主动形式表示被动含义的动词....................................................................... 10 考点五 被动语态易混易错点...................................................................................... 12 1.系表结构与被动语态的区别...................................................................................................... 12 2.be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别........................................................................................ 12 3.主动语态变被动语态的易错点.................................................................................................. 13 4.不能用于被动语态的高频动词................................................................................................. 14 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 不同时态的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 · 10年10考 被动语态的考查常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用的形式来进行，考查的命题点有：不同时态的被动语态辨析、被动语态的用法、主动形式表被动意义等。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 · 10年10考 主动形式表示被动含义‌ · 掌握中考考点中主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ · 近10年连续考查 被动语态易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别，be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别，主动语态变被动语态的易错点 · 近10年连续考查 目标导航： 1.系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3.熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。 4.强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 ❤锦囊妙计 1.做这类题目时，必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 2.考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。 语态概述 语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态） The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态） 考点一 被动语态的基本句型 知识梳理 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 即时训练 1．Why not let the girl try again? She will do it better if she ________ a second chance. A．is given B．will give C．gives 2．A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China. Usually it ________ with a special party. A．is celebrating B．is celebrated C．has celebrated 3．Labor Education ________ to develop the view of the world life, values and an interest in doing housework. A．is carried out B．has carried out C．carried out D．is carrying out 考点二 不同时态被动语态的构成 知识梳理 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 一般 将来时 will/ shall+ be+ done We will take new measures to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 New measures will be taken to protect the environment.我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 现在 进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done Our school is holding a sports meeting. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 A sports meeting is being held in our school.我们学校正在举办运动会。 动会。 过去 进行时 was/ were+ being done My parents was discussing the report on health at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 The report on health was being discussed by my parents at that time.那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 现在 完成时 have/ has+ been+ done They have published the results of their experiments.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 The results of their experiments have been published.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 【知识拓展】 含有情态动词的被动语态： (1)肯定句：主语+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+其他). 例：Such work can be done in an hour or so.这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。 (2)否定句:主语+情态动词+ not+ be+过去分词(+其他). 例：Anything here can't be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。 (3)一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+ be+过去分词(+其他)? 例：Can phones be taken into the classroom?手机能被带到教室吗? (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+ be+过去分词(+其他)? 例：What can be recycled at home?家里什么东西可以回收? 即时训练 1．Earth Day _________ on April 22 every year. On this day, we can do something green. A．celebrated B．celebrates C．was celebrated D．is celebrated 2．The 25-year-old actor Wang Hedi ________ for his excellent basketball skills in the NBA All-Star Celebrity Game in February 2024. A．praises B．is praised C．was praised D．will be praised 3．I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon. A．send B．was sent C．are sending D．will be sent 4．Take the paper with you. The details we should pay attention to ________ on it already. A．writing B．being written C．written D．have been written 5．Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments. A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created 6．As he had no tools, he had to put the picture ________ the wall before it could ________. A．on; put on B．against; be put up C．up; put up D．beyond; be put on 考点三 被动语态的用法 知识梳理 1．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3．出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question．关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 4．文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted．招女工。 5．在上下文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话，学生们总是留心听他讲。 6．固定句式中常用被动语态，如It is said that……（据说……），It is/was reported that……（据报道），It is well-known that……（众所周知……）等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了 即时训练 1．—What are you reading? —Ordinary World, a book which ________ by Lu Yao in 1988. A．written B．was written C．was writing D．has being written 2．More trees ________ along the Yellow River next year to prevent the soil from being washed away on rainy days. A．are planted B．will plant C．are plant D．will be planted 3．Shenzhou 18, carrying three astronauts, ________ to China Space Station in April, 2024. A．sent B．will send C．was sent D．will be sent 4．The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned D．was cleaned 5．The ChatGPT has influenced us a lot since its data model ________ the year before. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 考点四 主动形式表示被动含义的动词 知识梳理 1.当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等； The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。 2.当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c此时，这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。 This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。 These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。 The door won't lock.这门无法关上。 名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。 3.不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。 The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。 The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。 即时训练 1．—My robot doesn’t work. What should I do? —I think it needs ________. You can call the customer service department. A．check B．checking C．be checked 2．—What do you think of the graduation ceremony（典礼）? — Oh, excellent, it’s worth ________ forever. A．to remember B．be remembered C．remembering D．remembered 3．This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well. A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold 4．—Mum, my bike is broken. It requires ________. —Don’t worry. Your dad will have it ________ soon. A． repairing; repaired B．to be repaired; repairing B． C．to repair; to repair D．repairing; to be repaired 5．— “The Three Body Problem” written by Liu Cixin________well recently. —Yes, it is really popular among teenagers. A．will sell B．sold C．sells D．is sold 6．—The World War II ________ in1939 and ended in 1945. People lived a hard life. —Yes. My grandfather was in ________at that time. A．broke out; twenties B．was broken out; his twenties C．broke out; his twenties D．was broken out; the twenties 考点五 被动语态易混易错点 知识梳理 1.系表结构与被动语态的区别 1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。 The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态) 这本书在某一家书店出售。 The book is well sold. (系表结构) 这本书卖得好。 2. 被动语态常由greatly, much等词修饰；系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等词修饰。 I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构） 我被她的善良深深地打动了。 He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构) 他对你的论文非常满意。 3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与be动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，如,become, get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear等。 These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态） 这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。 She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构） 她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。 2.be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别 “be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。 “get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。 The tree is broken. 树断了。 The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。 “be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。 “get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词do的适当形式。 The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state. 这座古老的桥是1866年建造的，现在还完好。 Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food. 许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。 3.主动语态变被动语态的易错点 1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。 →An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. →I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. 2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。 The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)． 老板让他整天都工作。 3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。 Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。 They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。 4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。 We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days. 我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。 5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。 b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。 People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。 →Paper was known to be made in China first. →It is known that paper was made in China first. 类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ... 4.不能用于被动语态的高频动词 不及物动词及短语 出现 appear 死 die 消失 disappear 躺 lie 升起 rise 同意 agree 属于 belong to 爆发 break out 由…组成 consist of 赶上 keep up with 发生 happen take place occur 静态动词 变成 become 有益于 benefit 等于 equal 失败 fail 包含 contain 缺少 lack 持续 last 意味着 mean 值…钱 cost 适合 suit fit 即时训练 1．There were lots of people at the street corner when the accident ________. A．was taken place B．has happened C．was happened D．happened 2．Great changes ________ in the Chinese society in the past twenty years. A．are taken place B．have taken place C．are happened 3．The cotton ________ very soft and ________ white, I think it has good quality. A．is felt, is looked B．feels, looks C．smells, sounds D．is felt, looks 4．—My computer works much more slowly these days. —Maybe it has caught a virus. The computer requires ________ about once a month. A．checking B．to check C．check D．checked 5．The number of Tik Tok (抖音) users ________ sharply since Tik Tok ________ in 2016. A．has risen; appeared B．have been risen; appeared C．raises; was appeared D．rose; was appeared 6．Hangzhou Asian Games ________ in September and in October, 2023. A．took place B．are held C．were taken place D．held 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$