专题03 名词性从句【语法串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版201）

专题03名词性从句 Part 1 主语从句 1.主语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 引导词 作用 that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略 how 多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语 who 谁，作主语、宾语 when 何时，作时间状语 whom 谁，作宾语 where 在哪儿，作地点状语 what 什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 why 为什么，作原因状语 which 哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语 whether 是否 【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if＂是否＂，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示＂……的东西＂时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。 ☞That she will succeed is certain. ☞It is certain that she will succeed. 注意：(1)在＂It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句＂结构中，从句谓语常用＂(should＋)动词原形＂形式。 2. 主语从句的特殊用法 （1）主语从句与定语从句的转换 ☞What is needed has been bought. ☞All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被买了。 （2）几个特殊句型之间的转换 ☞It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。 3. 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题 (1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。 (2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。 What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。 What we need are books.我们所需要的是书籍。 Part 2 表语从句 1.表语从句基本概念： 表语从句位于系动词之后，引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。 2.常考的表语从句： (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 2.if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 3. as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 Part 3 宾语从句 一、定义 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。 二、宾语从句的连接词 （1）从属连词that, if , whether   that:无含义，在句中不做成分。引导单个宾语从句时，that可以省略。如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。 I don’t think （that）she is coming. (可省) I don’t think it necessary that you should read English aloud. （不能省） He told me （that）his father had died and that he had to live alone. （第一个可省，第二个不可省） if，whether:  有含义(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。  注意：引导宾语从句时（动词后面的宾语从句）二者可以换用。介词后的宾语从句，及紧跟or /or not 结构或不定式时，只能用whether. He wants to know whether or not you agree. He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. It all depends on whether they will do their best. （2） 连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever  I don't know who he is. I'll show you whatever you want to see. （3）连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. You can visit wherever you want to go after you graduate. 三、宾语从句的用法 1.作动词宾语 Do you know whom they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ He asked whose dictionary it was.他问这是谁的字典。 Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 注意： 1.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，则要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。 如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give in. 2. hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to 表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。 如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 2.作介词的宾语 It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。 I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。 注意： 连词that引导的宾语从句很少作介词的宾语，只在in, except, but, besides介词后偶尔看到。形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。 其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。 如：The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。 He is a good student except that he is careless. You may depend on it that they will support you. 3.作形容词的宾语 that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad,proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 四、宾语从句的难点 1.只用whether的六种情况： (1)在带to的动词不定式前；(2)在介词后(3)直接与or not连用时(4)在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中(5)宾语从句提前时只能用whether(6)引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us. We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. Whether he is right or wrong is a question. 2. it作形式宾语 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 3. that引导宾语从句时 that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 3. 宾语从句的其它问题 1.宾语从句的否定转移 think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。 如：I don't think you are right. I don't believe they have finished their work yet. I don't suppose he cares, does he? He doesn't expect we need worry. 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟 在动词insist（坚持）, order（命令），command (命令), suggest(建议) , advise（建议）, propose（建议），require（要求，需要）, desire（要求，渴望）, demand（要求）, request（要求）等词后的宾语从句中，不论主句谓语动词用何时态，宾语从句中的动词一律用“（should）+动词原形”。 She suggested that Robert (should) go to London and try to find a job there. 3.wh-型疑问词除why 以外，引导宾语从句，从句的主语和主句的主语为同一个人时，都可接不定式短语作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，Why +动词原形，why not+动词原形。 He explained to me how to drive a car (how he can drive a car). 4.时态的呼应与语序 在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则： （1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。 Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？ They have no idea at all where he has gone． Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？ （2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 He said he would come to see us the next day. I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。 Dick asked Lucy how old she is． The teacher said the sun rises in the east． Part 4 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word，evidence，belief，order等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。同位语从句是完整的句子，引导词不作成分且去掉同位语从句原句仍然完整。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 【易混辨析】与定语从句的区别： (1)定语从句中名词充当成分；同位语从句中不充当成分 (2)定语从句中连接代词作宾语时可以省略；同位语从句中连接代词不可以省略 (3)同位语从句中遇到 order, requirement, suggestion, advice 等词，要用虚拟语气 You have to take my advice that you (should) read newspaper one hour a day. (4)同位语从句离所修饰的名词可能较远 Word came that the team beat the opponent. A good idea occurred to me that we can hold a fare-well party for her. (5) 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的名词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词，还可以是代词。 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 1．As an educator, people often ask me how I know is going on in the minds of my students. 2．Yuan Longping realised larger fields were not the solution. 3． worries many people most is that these chemicals may even cause cancer. 4． concerns him most is that his son is addicted to online games. 5．You've got to be able to put the time and the work. That's I got here. 6． (inspire) others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living proof what other people think of you does not have to influence you become. 7．He probably didn’t realiz(s)e it at the time, but it was he learned to be creative and flexible a player. 8．Despite the fact the Chinese team faced the strong opponents, it made eventually. 9． we need to do now is to figure out a solution, will help us overcome the difficulties. 10． you really lack is self-confidence. 11． different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground. 12．Everyone was always excited to see he would dream up next. 13． it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 14．One characteristic of hybrids is they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 15．Yuan was convinced the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 参考答案： 1．what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我，我是如何知道我的学生在想什么。空处引导名词性从句作know的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，结合“is going on in the minds of my students”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 2．that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：袁隆平意识到扩大耕地并不能解决问题。空处引导名词性从句作realised的宾语，宾语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 3．What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：许多人最担心的是这些化学物质甚至可能致癌。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“that these chemicals may even cause cancer”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填What。 4．What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让他担心的是他的儿子沉迷于网络游戏。空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 5． in how 【详解】考查介词和表语从句。句意：你必须能够投入时间和努力。这就是我能成功的原因。put in为固定搭配，意为“投入”空格1填in；根据空格2前的is可知，空格处引导表语从句，应填how作状语。故空格1填in；空格2填how。 6． Inspiring that what 【详解】考查现在分词、同位语从句和宾语从句。句意：斯蒂芬·库里激励着别人相信自己，他就是一个活生生的例子——别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，空处①应用非谓语动词，与“Stephen Curry”之间为主动关系，表示“斯蒂芬激励着别人”，故应用现在分词，作状语，句首字母大写，故填Inspiring；空处②引导同位语从句，作名词“proof”的同位语，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that；空处③引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，表示“你变成什么样”，应用连接代词what。故空①填Inspiring；空②填that；空③填what。 7． where as 【详解】考查表语从句和介词。句意：他当时可能没有意识到这一点，但这是他作为一名队员学会创造性和灵活性的地方。空处①引导表语从句，连接词在句中作地点状语，表示“在那里”，应用连接副词where；空处②应用介词，后接名词短语“a player”作宾语，表示“作为一名队员”，应用介词as。故填①where；②as。 8． that it 【详解】考查同位语从句以及固定搭配。句意：尽管中国队面临着强大的对手，但最终还是取得了胜利。第一个空处引导the fact的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，句意完整，所以用that引导该从句。第二个空处为固定短语make it“（经历艰难困苦后）成功”。故填①that②it。 9． What which 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：我们现在需要做的是找出一个解决方案，这将帮助我们克服困难。第一个空为what引导的主语从句，在句中作宾语，首字母大写。第二个空先行词是a solution，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填①What；②which。 10．What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你真正缺乏的是自信。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，使用连接代词what引导，首字母应大写，故填What。 11．Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：之所以种植不同的作物，是因为它们能将重要的矿物质重新返回到土壤中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，根据句子的逻辑关系，为什么种植不同作物的原因是因为它们把重要矿物质放回地下，这里需要一个引导原因的连接词，应用连接副词why引导主语从句，在从句中作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Why。 12．what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：每个人总是兴奋地期待着他接下来会想出什么新点子。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……东西”，此处表示“他接下来会想到什么”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 13．Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：是否有可能培育出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交品种，仍是一个备受争议的问题。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺成分，但根据“ a matter of great debate”可知，是否培育出像水稻这样的自花授粉植物的杂交品种是一个备受争议的问题，所以用whether“是否”引导主语从句。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 14．that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：杂交品种的一个特点是它们通常比传统作物产量更高。分析句子可知，这里考查表语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，所以应用that引导。故填that。 15．that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：袁相信，可以在杂交水稻的创造中找到答案。be convinced that... 是固定句型，表示 “确信……”，所以此处用 that引导宾语从句。故填that。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$