内容正文:
专题05非谓语动词之V-ing
Part 1V-ing基本概念
1)动词ing的各种形式
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being done
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或几乎上同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
2)非谓语动词的句法功能:
功能
形式
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ing
√
√
√
√
√
√
V-ed
√
√
√
√
3)动词ing的基本意义
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生;
现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前;
Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.
在街上走着,他听到有人叫他。
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
我们几乎花光了所有的钱,没有钱住宾馆了。
现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者;
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的住址,我们无法和她取得联系。
Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.
近来,一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。
现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者;
The area being studied is called an archeological site.
正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的那些房子是给老师们的。
4)V-ing形式的逻辑主语
1. 如果作主语的-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时,一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加"s)。
His father's falling ill worried him greatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。( his father是falling ill 的逻辑主语)
Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement.你来和我们]一道工作,对我们是很大的鼓舞。(your 是coming to work with的逻辑主语)
2. -ing形式作宾语时,其逻辑主语常是句子中的主语。如要明确动作的执行者,也可以在ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。
I can't imagine John's giving a speech in front of so many我不能想像约翰会在这么多人前面发言。(John是giving a speech的逻辑主语)
The boss understood him/his wanting to leave. 都板明白他为什么要离职。(“他”是wanting to leave逻辑主语)
Part 2 V-ing作主语
1. 动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。
Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。
Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family.被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。
2. 为了保持句子平衡,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。
It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them.制定计划很容易,实行它却很难。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。事已至此,伤心也没用.覆水难收。
It's a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。
必背:动词的-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It's no good talking to him.和他谈话是没有用的。
It is useless telephoning him.
He is not willing to come.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。
It's worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。
There is no saying when it will stop raining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。
There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
Part 3 V-ing作宾语
动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
1.作动词的宾语能用-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。
①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!
I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
They didn't mind being treated like guests.他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。
They admitted smoking/having smoked in the hall.他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。
I regret saying/having said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。
He couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。
必背:只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit 承认 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免excuse 原谅 feel like 意欲finish 完成 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 cannot help 情不自禁imagine 设想 include 包括keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意 miss 逃过put off 推迟 practice 练习resist 抵制 risk 冒险
②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:
a. 有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate,intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending /to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I intend to buy /buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。提示:
应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian.我开始学俄语。避免说:
I am starting learning Russian.我开始学俄语。
b. need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting ( to be corrected).你的作文需要修改。
His coat wants cleaning (to be cleaned).他的大衣需要洗了。
The old woman requires looking after carefully (to be looked after carefully).这个老大娘需要细心地照料。
2.作介词宾语动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。
常见的几种搭配形式有:
①动词+介词+ -ing形式
Jason aims at becoming an astronaut.詹森立志要当宇航员。
I dream of being the best footballer in the school.我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。
比较:keep doing继续或保持做某事。(强调动作的持续性)
News if successes keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。
Keep on doing继续或反复做某事。(强调动作的反复性)
We will keep on trying and if we get anything done. We will notify you.我们将继续努力。有结果将通知你。Keep sb doing使某人一直做某事(表示被迫进行的动作)
I'll try not to keep you waiting.我尽量不让你久等。
Keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事(=prevent/stop sb from doing)
The stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows.石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。
②动词+名词+介词+ -ing形式
Please excuse me for being late.对不起,我迟到了。
What prevented you from joining us last night.昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起
Sandy wasted no time in getting to know the boss's daughter.桑迪很快就开始就和老板的女儿套近乎了。
③名词+介词+ -ing形式
We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。
He has little hope of passing the examination.他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。
I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
④形容词+介词+ -ing形式
I'm tired of having the same food every day.天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。
Peter is angry about not being invited to the party.没有被邀请出席聚会,彼得很生气。
Who's responsible for organizing this conference?是谁负责组织这次大会?
⑤what/how about + -ing形式What about going for a walk?去散步好不好?
How about playing a game of chess now?现在来下盘棋好吗
⑥介词to +动词-ing形式to既可以是介词,也可以是不定式符号,在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号,to后接动词原形;若是介词,to后需接-ing形式。
You must get used to washing your face with cold water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。
John has admitted to breaking the window.约翰已承认了打碎窗子。
I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。
The man took to drinking shortly after his wife died.他妻子死后不久,这人就开始嗜酒。
Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers?难道还没到你安下心来阅卷的时?
Part 4 V-ing作表语
动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义:
1. 表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.真正的问题是了解学生的需要。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
2. 表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。
It was astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.看到了世界上其它地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。
比较:一般说来,动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。
Smoking is forbidden here.这里禁止吸烟。(泛指)
It's not good for you to smoke so much.吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体)
They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.天冷时他们喜欢呆在室内。(泛指)
Would you prefer to stay at home this evening.今晚你想待在家里吗?(具体)
Part 5V-ing作定语
1. 单独作定语,常放在被修饰的名词之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water
Barking dogs seldom bite. 乱叫的狗不咬人。
但某些V-ing(如concerned关切的/有关的,used旧的/用过的,given特定的/给予的,involved复杂的/涉及的)置于名词前后其意义不同。
☛a concerned look/the students concerned/
☛a used car/the textbook used.
2. V-ing作定语,分词应放在被修饰的名词之后;表示正在进行的动作时,变为从句时要用进行时态和表示经常性的动作或现在的状态时,变为从句时要用一般时态;同被修辞的词(先行词)有逻辑上的主谓关系,在意义上相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。
☛Who is the man standing (= who is standing) by the door?
站在门边的人是谁。
☛They built a highway leading (= that/which leads) into the mountains.
一条通往山里的高速路。
3.V-ing作定语时,分词应放在被修饰的名词之后;表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前/不确定;同被修辞的词(先行词)有逻辑上的动宾关系,在意义上相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
☛The meeting held(=that/which was held) last week is very important.
上周举行的回忆是非常重要的。
4. 其他应注意:
① 若表示的动作此刻正在进行或同时进行,可用被动语态的进行时态(现在分词的被动语态)表示。
☛We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须保守正在讨论的事情。
② 若表示的是一个未来的动作,可用不定式的被动语态表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 请告诉我在下次会议上讨论的主题。
③ V-ing还可作非限制性定语(相当于非限制性定语从句),此时须和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开,试比较:
☛All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科学家。
④ V-ing短语作定语时,表示的动作不能先于谓语动作,也不可表示将来;一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,故下列句子是错的:
☛Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (应改为who has come from Beijing)
他是来自北京的李先生。
☛Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)
已经完成家庭作业的现在可以回家。
⑤ 系动词的-ing形式不可用作后置定语,此时要用从句来表示。
☛Those being busy don’t have to go. (应改为Those who are busy don’t have to go.)
正在忙的人不必离开。
⑥ 不及物动词的V-ing不可用作后置定语,若要表示这个意思要用从句。
☛The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (应改为which/that died)
前天死在公园的狮子是头母狮。
Part 6 V-ing作状语
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
☞Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
☞Having cleaned the desks,we began reading.
擦完桌子后,我们便开始看书。
(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
☞Having been shown the classrooms,we were taken to see the library.
我们被领着看了教室后,又被带去看图书馆。
【知识拓展】
1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在"逻辑"方面的差异:
过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
☞Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
☞Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在"时间"方面的差异:
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,或表示一种状态,与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行;现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个"主动"动作;现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个"被动"动作,常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用,此时不能被过去分词所替换。在其他情况下通常被过去分词所替换,从而使句式更简洁。
☞Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好!
☞Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
☞Having been discussed several times,the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论之后,终于作出了决定。
部分过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示 "被动关系",其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(陷入某种状态);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in (沉溺于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。
☞Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。
☞Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
注意:
分词(短语) 作状语时,其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致;否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时,其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时,相当于一个并列句。
☞The signal given,the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了。
☞The football match(being) over,crowds of people poured out into the street.
足球赛一结束,人群便涌到大街上。
Part 7 V-ing作补语
1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例:
☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
☞To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。
2.使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况
The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
☞Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
☞He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。
易混辨析
(1)现在分词作补足语
由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语,表示过程的一部分;而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作的反复。
☞I heard her singing when I passed by her room.
我路过她房间时,听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)
☞I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.
那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的承受者)
☞Are you listening to them quarrelling?
你在听他们吵架吗?(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)
☞His remarks set me thinking.
他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)
☞The explosion sent us running in all directions.
那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者)
(2)不定式作补语
①不定式作补语,表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。
☞Did you notice him leave the house?你看到他离开房间了吗?
☞I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。
②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有:call on,rely on,depend on,wait for,long for,vote for等。
☞You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。
☞We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。
③动词think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,guess,prove,suppose,imagine等词后面,常接"to be+形容词(名词或反身代词)"结构。
☞He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。
☞Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱,又有名的情况。
☞He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认可。
【跟踪典例】单句语法填空
1. Apply the oil to your skin, which can prevent your skin from (hurt).
2.The president, the winner of the knife-edge election, is committed to (reform) health care.
3. (detect) subtle differences in data is a key component in the advancement of scientific research and technology.
4.Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, was committed to (remove) hunger across the world.
5. (shoot) with great (accurate) was another thing he learnt.
6.It was along this road Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by (attach) a piece of plastic a telephone pole.
7. (absorb) himself in the experiment, the professor didn’t realize it was already past midnight.
8. (consist) of the leading experts in the AI field, the team is bound to impress the world.
9.With only a few students (remain) in the classroom, the professor stopped giving his lecture and began to chat with them.
10. (lose) to them in the preliminaries, the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches .
11. (step) off the victory podium, they need to start zero to prepare new challenges ahead.
12.I’m tired out. I stayed up the whole night, (study) for my midterm math exam.
13. (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
14. (commit) your whole being to something, you may find the world as well as you yourself totally different.
15.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
16. (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
17.Newly built wooden cottages line the street, (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
18.At the beginning of class, the noise of desks (open) and closed could be heard outside the classroom.
19.The bridge (build) at present will contribute a lot to the development of the area.
20.He won the gold medal for the USA, (demonstrate) the greatest talent in the process.
参考答案:
1.being hurt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:把油涂在皮肤上,可以防止皮肤受伤。prevent...from doing sth.阻止……做某事。名词your skin 与hurt之间为被动关系,所以用动名词的被动语态。故填being hurt。
2.reforming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:总统,这位在激烈角逐的选举中获胜者,致力于改革医疗保健。固定短语be committed to doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”。因此,使用动名词形式reforming作介词to的宾语。故填reforming。
3.Detecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:发现数据中的细微差异是科学研究和技术进步的关键组成部分。设空处作句子的主语,应使用detect“发现”的动名词形式,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Detecting。
4.removing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:袁隆平,杂交水稻之父,致力于消除全世界的饥饿。be committed to中to是介词,其后接动名词形式。根据句意,故填removing。
5. Shooting accuracy that
【详解】考查动名词、名词和定语从句。句意:精准射击是他学到的另一件事。动词shoot表示“射击”,空处①在句中作主语,表示一般行为,应用动名词形式,句首字母大写;空处②应为名词,作宾语,accuracy为不可数名词,表示“精确、准确”,符合句意;空处③引导限制性定语从句,先行词是another thing,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that引导。故填①Shooting;②accuracy;③that。
6. that attaching to
【详解】考查强调句、非谓语动词和介词。句意:就是沿着这条路,斯蒂芬的祖父在一根电线杆上绑了一块塑料,做成了一个简易的篮子。第一空考查It is...that...构成的强调句,本句对状语along this road进行强调;第二空位于介词by后作宾语,应填动词的ing形式;第三空,attach...to...意为“把……附着/固定/连接到……上”,是固定搭配,to为介词。故填①that②attaching③to。
7.Absorbing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:实验中专心致志,教授没有意识到已经过了午夜。absorb oneself in“全神贯注”。didn’t realize是谓语,空处为非谓语动词,主语the professor与absorb himself in构成主动关系,用现在分词,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Absorbing。
8.Consisting
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:该团队由人工智能领域的顶尖专家组成,一定会给世界留下深刻印象。此处为非谓语动词作状语,consist of意为“由……组成”,与逻辑主语the team之间为主动关系使用现在分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Consisting。
9.remaining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于教室里只剩下几个学生,教授停止讲课,开始和他们聊天。此处students与remain为主动关系,用现在分词作宾补。故填remaining。
10.Having lost
【详解】考查动词。句意:在预选赛中输给他们后,中国队在半决赛中击败了荷兰队。defeated为句子的谓语动词,空处为非谓语动词,动词lose和句子主语the Chinese team之间构成主谓关系,并且lose的动作时间发生在谓语动词defeated之前,故需用现在分词的完成式,作状语,空处位于句首,需首字母大写。故填Having lost。
11. Stepping from for
【详解】考查动名词、介词。句意:走下胜利的领奖台,他们需要从零开始准备迎接新的挑战。分析句子结构可知,主语为“they”,谓语动词为“need”,第一空应填非谓语作状语,“step”与主语“they”为主动关系,空处应用现在分词形式stepping,位于句首,首字母需大写;from意为“从...”,“start from zero”表示“从零开始”,因此第二空需填介词from;prepare for表示“为……做准备”,根据句意可知,他们为新挑战做准备,第三空应填介词“for”。故填①Stepping ②from ③for。
12.studying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我累坏了。我熬了一整夜,为我的期中数学考试复习。study和逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系,使用现在分词作状语。故填studying。
13.Approaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:接近市中心时,我们看到一座大约10米高的石像。设空处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语we与approach之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Approaching。
14.Committing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:将你的全部身心投入到某件事上,你可能会发现这个世界和你自己都完全不同。commit sth. to sth.意为“将……投入到……”,为固定搭配。本句的谓语是may find,所以空处应用非谓语动词。commit和you之间是主谓关系,所以用现在分词,作状语。故填Committing。
15.repairing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我到那里的时候,我发现他正在修理农具。动词repair是被修饰的him主动发出的动作,和谓语动词found同时发生,用现在分词形式,表示主动和进行的动作,作补语。故填repairing。
16.Having worked
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:史蒂夫努力工作了两天,终于按时完成了报告。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语形式作状语,work与逻辑主语Steve 构成主动关系,结合for two years可知应用having done形式,首字母大写。故填Having worked。
17.turning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:新建的木屋沿街而建,把老城变成了一个梦幻之地。空格处应该用非谓语形式作结果状语,动词turn与上文的内容之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词形式作状语。故填turning。
18.being opened
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:上课开始时,教室外可以听到课桌打开和关闭的声音。本句的谓语是could be heard,所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语desks和open之间是动宾关系,再结合At the beginning of class和could be heard outside the classroom可知,这里表示正在进行的动作,应用现在分词的被动式,作后置定语。故填being opened。
19.being built
【详解】考查现在分词。句意:目前正在修建的那座桥将对这个地区的发展作出很大贡献。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词bridge,build与bridge之间为被动关系,结合时间状语at present可知,此处表示目前正在进行的动作,所以使用现在分词的被动形式。故填being built。
20.demonstrating
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:他为美国队赢得了金牌,在这个过程中展示了他最伟大的天赋。句子谓语动词为won,空处在句中作非谓语,应用动词demonstrate“展示”的现在分词形式在句中做结果状语,表主动。故填demonstrating。
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