Unit4Sharing-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

UNIT 4　SHARING 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.a parcel from home 家里寄来的包裹 2. be stuck in traffic jam 陷入交通堵塞 3.be glad to receive your mail 很高兴收到你的邮件 4.primary and secondary education 中、小学教育 5.weed the hospital garden 给医院的花园除草 6.a cotton shirt 一件棉衬衫 7.take two tablets before meals 饭前每次两片 8.wear a pair of rubber gloves 戴一双橡胶手套 9.go to the washroom 去洗手间 10.be too narrow and too rigid 又狭窄又死板 11. come out of the hut 从小木屋里出来 12. gather around the fireplace 聚集在壁炉周围 13.an electric kettle 电水壶 14.a pan of boiling water 一锅开水 15.place under a hot grill 放在高温烤架下面 16. pack up the leftover food 把剩下的食物打包 17.a jar of coffee 一罐咖啡 18.on the lecture circuit 巡回演讲 19.the criterion of truth 真理的标准 核心单词三遍熟 1.mail n. 邮件；信件；邮政 vt. 邮寄；发电邮给 2.uniform n. 校服；制服 adj. 一致的；统一的 3.chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房 4.shade vt. 给······遮挡（光线）；加灯 罩；把......涂暗 n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 5.platform n. 平台；站台；舞台 6.handshake n. 握手 7.drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.&.vi. 缓慢而费力地移动 8.privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权 9.plug vt. 封堵；补足 n. 堵塞物；插头；插座 10.resign vi. &. vt. 辞职；辞去 11.deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受 12.lately adv. 最近；不久前；近来 13.input n. 情况；信息；投入；输入vt. 输入 14.tune n. 曲调；曲子 vt. 调音；调节；调频道 15.contract vt. 感染（疾病）；与······订立合同 （或契约）n. 合同；契约 16.grant vt. 同意；准许 n. 拨款 17.relay vt. 转发；转播 n. 接力赛；接班的人 18.pray vi.&. vt.企盼；祈祷,. 拓展单词寻规记 1．dust n．沙土；灰尘.vt.&vi.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．chemist n．化学家；药剂师，药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的n.化学物质 3．housing n．住房；住宅→house n．房子 vt．给......提供住处 4．ripe adj．成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vi.&vt．熟；使成熟 5．disabled adj．有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使（某人）残废；使······无能 6．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt．咨询；请教→consultant n顾问 7．stability n．稳定（性）；稳固（性）→stable adj．稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 否定前缀dis­表示“非，不，无”等 ①advantage优点→disadvantage缺点 　　　　②comfort舒适→discomfort不适 ③order条理；秩序→disorder混乱 ④like喜欢→dislike不喜欢 ⑤agree同意→disagree不同意 ⑥appear出现→disappear消失 ⑦obey服从→disobey不服从 特殊名词复数变化 ①medium→media (复)媒体　　　　　　　　②phenomenon→phenomena (复)现象 ③criterion→criteria (复) (评判的)标准；尺度 ④bacterium→bacteria (复)细菌 ⑤datum→data (复)数据 背热考单词 1．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗　n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 背重点 背写作佳句 1)in the shade 在阴凉处 in the shade of 在……的阴凉处 2)shade...from/against... 给……遮挡…… ①At least the small hut can shade us from/against the scorching sunshine.至少小屋可以为我们遮挡灼热的阳光。 ②I saw Mary sitting under the shade of a tree，reading a book. 我看见玛丽坐在树荫下读书。 2.drag vt.拖；拽　vt. & vi.缓慢而费力地移动 背重点 背写作佳句 drag sb. down 使某人沮丧 drag...out of... 把……从……中拖出来 drag sb. into (doing) sth. 把某人拖入到(做)某事中 Tom opened the car door，dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station.汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(读后续写动作描写) 3.privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have the privilege to do/of doing sth. 有做某事的特权 It is a privilege (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)有幸做 某事 2)be/feel privileged to do sth. 有幸做某事 I am privileged to stand here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”．我很荣幸能站在这里发表题为“聪明的在线学习者”的演讲。[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 4.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 背重点 背写作佳句 resign one's post/position 辞去职务 resign from... 从……辞职 resign as... 辞去作为……的职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己安于 (做)某事 ①He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。 ②Physically challenged as Jack was, he did not resign himself to his fate. 杰克虽然身体不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命运。 5.deserve vt.值得；应得；应受 背重点 背写作佳句 deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 deserve to be done/doing ……值得被…… deserve consideration/attention/a rest 值得考虑/注意/应该休息 Actually, there are many selfless people like Uncle Li around us, and they well deserve respecting． 其实，我们身边有很多像李叔叔这样无私的人，他们值得被尊敬。 二、背词块——丰富表达 第一组　核心短语 1．a chorus of　　　　　　　齐声；异口同声 2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说 3．take ... for granted 认为……是理所当然；对…… 不予重视 4．relay to 转达给……；转发给…… 5．pray that 但愿 6．be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事 7．make a big difference 有很大影响 8．upside down 颠倒地 第二组　课文词块 1．adapt to these conditions 适应这些条件 2．have no concept of doing experiments 没有做实验的概念 3．come across 偶然遇到 4．be relevant to... 与……有关 5．make my first visit to a remote village 我第一次拜访一个偏远的村庄 6．walk for two and a half hours 步行了两个半小时 7．in nearly every corner of the world 几乎在世界的每一个角落 8．shake hands with all the villagers 与所有的村民握手 9．build a fire 生火 10．dry out the leftover food 使剩菜完全变干 11.in need of development 需要发展 12．work as a volunteer consultant 当一位志愿者顾问三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：before引导时间状语从句 教材原句：The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！ 几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管里涌出，洒得到处都是！ 经典佳句：It is understandable in that situation, but we should always think before we speak. 这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 2.句型公式：from where引导定语从句 教材原句：Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. 我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。 经典佳句：This is an amazing platform from where you can learn more about what students think. 这是一个很棒的平台，在这里你可以了解到更多学生的想法。[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文] 3.句型公式：it takes/took sb. sth. to do sth. 某人花某人……做某事 教材原句：It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我只花了几分钟就走到了学校。 经典佳句：It did take me hard work to finish the project alone despite his remote guidance. 尽管有他的远程指导，但我独自完成这个课题确实很辛苦。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Sam， Wayne and Tim were three men in their 60s， jamming in the same 　dusty　 （dust） old garage where they used to play music when they were in high school. 2.When waiting for the apples to 　ripen　 （ripe）， I logged the weather changes in the area. 3.History 　enables　 （able） pupils to learn about their culture， which helps them to understand the society they live in. 4.We consider ourselves 　privileged　 （privilege） to have been invited to give a speech here. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.After 　resigning　 （resign） from the company， the man took some books to the post office and 　mailed　 （mail） them to his friend. 2.She wrinkled her forehead and got confused and worried by the accident， 　praying　 （pray） that her father would be all right. 3.One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the 　disabled　 （disable） after I resign from the job. 4.I think we need to read some materials that are relevant 　to　 the topic we are discussing. 5.Through the activity， I believe that it is labor that matters a lot and that small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference 　to　 our society. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.What made me delighted was that the walls were a uniform grey.　　adj.统一的　 2.The doctor suggested that you should take two of the tablets three times daily before meals. 　　n. 药片　 3.When John was growing up， other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.　　vt.除杂草　 Ⅳ应用文写作——演讲稿——招募新的志愿者 练单句： 1.我热衷于志愿者工作。 　I am enthusiastic about volunteer work.　 2.它不仅对他人有益而且对我也很有意义。 　Not only is it beneficial to others but it is also meaningful to myself.　 3.我有过几次当志愿者的经历，给我印象最深的是去山区小学教书的时候。（主语从句） 　I’ve had several experiences of being a volunteer. What impressed me most was when I was teaching in a primary school in the mountainous area.　 4.尽管教学条件很差，但孩子们渴求知识。 Though the teaching conditions were very poor，children 　 were eager for knowledge　. 5.村民们对我们很有礼貌，也很友好。 　Villagers were polite as well as friendly to us.　 6.让别人快乐给我一种成就感。 　It is making others happy that gives me a sense of achievement.　（强调句） 7.为什么不加入我们呢？ 我相信有了你的参与，我们会让世界更美好。 Why not join us？ I am sure that 　we will make the world better　 with your participation. 组语篇： Good morning everyone， I am Li Hua， chairman of the volunteer club.　I am enthusiastic about volunteer work.Not only is it beneficial to others but it is also meaningful to myself.　 　I’ve had several experiences of being a volunteer.What impressed me most was when I was teaching in a primary school in the mountainous area.Though the teaching conditions were very poor， children were eager for knowledge.In addition， villagers were polite as well as friendly to us.It is making others happy that gives me a sense of achievement.　 　Why not join us？ I am sure that we will make the world better with your participation.　 Thanks for your attention. Ⅴ读后续写——露西的爷爷去世了，这个噩耗给她带来巨大的打击…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.当露西听到这个消息时，她的心很痛，放声大哭起来。 When Lucy heard the news， her heart ached， and 　she burst into tears　. 2.她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。 　She sobbed bitterly　， tasting the salty tears 　that streamed/ran/rolled/flowed/poured down her face　.（定语从句） 3.过了一会儿她回头看他，双眼哭得又红又肿。 After a while she turned round to look at him， 　her eyes red and swollen from crying　.（独立主格结构） 4.她一张口说话，泪水就再次夺眶而出。 　Her tears brimmed over again　 as she started to speak.（简单句） 5.他忍住泪水，并试图安慰她。 　He held/fought back his tears　 and tried to comfort her. 6.一个小时过后，她回到自己房间，哭到睡着。 An hour later， when she returned to her room， 　she cried herself to sleep　. 7.他静静地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。 He stood silently outside her room， 　tears rolling/running/streaming/flowing/pouring down his cheeks　.（独立主格结构） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　When Lucy heard the news， her heart ached， and she burst into tears.She sobbed bitterly， tasting the salty tears that streamed/ran/rolled/flowed/poured down her face.And after a while she turned round to look at him， her eyes red and swollen from crying.However， her tears brimmed over again as she started to speak.He held/fought back his tears and tried to comfort her.An hour later， when she returned to her room， she cried herself to sleep.He stood silently outside her room， tears rolling/running/streaming/flowing/pouring down his cheeks.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]When it comes to providing energy to the masses， Greg Hazle's experience is deep. Before his retirement in 2017， his extensive corporate career spanned public service， independent energy， mining and construction materials industries. He has held roles in corporate finance and also put his training in engineering to work and helped design power projects throughout the United States and Latin America. Outside of his high­powered career，Hazle always found ways to give back. And， sometimes， others plotted those ways for him. In 2014， a board member from Boca Helping Hands (BHH) ， local nonprofit， saw Hazle sing at the church they both attended. He asked around about Hazle and thought he'd be a good addition to the nonprofit's board of trustees. “All of this was happening without me knowing，” Hazle smiled. But once Hazle learned about the nonprofit's work， he was onboard. BHH is a community­based nonprofit in Boca Raton， Florida， which provides food， medical， financial， and job­training assistance to help people meet their basic needs and become self­sufficient. Despite his success in corporate America，Hazle always remembered his days growing up in Jamaica， when he had seen the impact of poverty， homelessness， and hunger around him. While he lived in a place that had such a reputation for wealth and self­indulgence (放纵)， he was sharply aware that there were people around him — even in a place like Boca Raton — who needed help. Over the next few years， Hazle became involved in many aspects of the organization. Hazle's preparing for his retirement at age 60 was co­occurrent with the managing director of BHH leaving around. Hazle agreed to step in and run the organization as a temporary leader with the condition that a search firm would be kept to find a new leader. “Obviously， that's not how it turned out，” he said. Since then，Hazle has accepted the role wholeheartedly. He feels a renewed sense of purpose in his role， which suits his personality and passions more than others he has held. “So， it just felt like a privilege that I was given this opportunity and late in my career to do what I consider to be more meaningful work than generating returns for shareholders.” 1.What do we know about Hazle from the first two paragraphs？ A．He is a natural musician. B．He balances work and life well. C．He sponsors churches financially. D．He is influential in many circles. 2.Why does the author talk about Hazle's life in Jamaica？ A．To recall his miserable days there. B．To highlight his current superior life. C．To justify his joining the organization. D．To introduce the motive for his success. 3.What do Hazle's words in Paragraph 5 imply？ A．Take things as they are. B．In the end things will mend. C．Good things never come easy. D．Misfortune may be a blessing. 4.Which of the following best describes Hazle？ A．Devoted and wise. B．Optimistic and energetic. C．Tough and generous. D．Sympathetic and responsible. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Greg Hazle的个人经历以及他从事的慈善事业。 1.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段“He asked around about Hazle and thought he'd be a good addition to the nonprofit's board of trustees.”可知，黑兹尔在许多圈子里都很有影响力。 2.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，作者谈论黑兹尔在牙买加的生活是为了证明他加入该组织的合理性。 3.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第五段可推知，黑兹尔本来要退休，结果最终还是接受了任命，所以他的话暗示了要顺其自然。 4.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段“But once Hazle learned about the nonprofit's work， he was onboard. BHH is a community­based nonprofit in Boca Raton， Florida， which provides food， medical， financial， and job­training assistance to help people meet their basic needs and become self­sufficient.”以及最后一段“Since then， Hazle has accepted the role wholeheartedly. He feels a renewed sense of purpose in his role， which suits his personality and passions more than others he has held.”可知，黑兹尔加入了非营利组织，去帮助其他人，可得出他富有同情心和责任心。 B [2024·济宁市高考模拟]When 76­year­old Antoinette­Marie Williams played 17­year­old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time， she__gave__Daniels__a__run__for__his__money. Paired through DOROT， a New York organization which was launched in 1976， they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross­generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels' relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common. Since its founding， DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults， in services specific to the person's needs and interests， with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old. Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years， but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic(流行病) has emerged only in recent years. In 2018， the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness， highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission， which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue. Fortunately， there are ways to battle loneliness， including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT. It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends， joining a community or social group， or volunteering to connect with like­minded people. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter­generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants， young and old. Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations. Practicing self­care is also encouraged， as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create. 5.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．She had a running race with Daniels. B．Daniels felt disappointed. C．Daniels had a tough win. D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting. 6.What is the purpose of DOROT？ A．To make technological innovation. B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly. C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages. D.To provide seniors with inter­generational connection. 7.What does the author try to stress in Paragraph 3？ A．The solution to loneliness. B．The root cause of loneliness. C．The classification of loneliness. D．The growing attention to loneliness. 8.In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from？ A．Society Watch. B．News Express. C．Page Turner. D．Science Study. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新声誉的DOROT。 5.答案与解析：C　词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.”可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette­Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”，故选C。 6.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross­generational relationship that they both enjoy. ”第二段“Since its founding， DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults， in services specific to the person's needs and interests， with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.”可知，DOROT从建立开始在老龄化服务领域就取得了卓越和创新的声誉，通过活动，帮助老人和年轻人建立了彼此都喜欢的跨代关系，即：其目的是为老年人提供代际联系，故选D。 7.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，英国政府通过任命专门人员来解决老年人孤独问题，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注，因而作者在本段主要强调政府对老人孤独问题的关注。故选D。 8.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新声誉的DOROT，同时在第三段中也提到了政府对老人孤独问题的关注。因而文章主要描述的是老龄化的孤独问题，所以文章可能来自“社会关注”版块，故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·青岛市高三第一次适应性检测]Each year， eight children in an average class in the UK are unable to read well when they leave primary school. Volunteers are welcome to join Bookmark， a non­profit organization to help __1__ this. With Bookmark you will brighten the futures of primary school children. Sally， a Bookmark volunteer， has a story to __2__. Sally joined Bookmark as a volunteer in 2021 when she had retired and wanted to __3__ her time to others. Before volunteering with Bookmark， she had never worked with __4__. Beginning the sessions was indeed a step out of her __5__ zone. Sally felt a real __6__ to Bookmark's mission and believed the challenge would __7__. “Volunteering has made me feel more __8__. I feel I am making a difference， however __9__ it is. I get huge __10__ from engaging with children and making them laugh as we read in a(n) __11__ way. All the pupils I have read with so far have become __12__ and eager to learn. The sessions do make you think on your feet somewhat， trying to explain what words mean and trying to __13__ a child's comprehension of a story. I've also really__14__ chatting to them and listening to them making up stories. Reading for pleasure is providing a __15__ into learning and a world of opportunities.” 1.A.observe B．protect C．judge D．change 2.A.write B．unfold C．invent D．outline 3.A.lend B．pass C．show D．take 4.A.books B．children C．readers D．volunteers 5.A.friend B．favorite C．comfort D．time 6.A.connection B．thought C．entrance D．admission 7.A.keep on B．pay off C．work out D．pick up 8.A.patient B．curious C．serious D．content 9.A.fantastic B．interesting C．small D．ordinary 10.A.joy B．praise C．respect D．result 11.A.normal B．funny C．similar D．awkward 12.A.honest B．kind C．enthusiastic D．confused 13.A.focus on B．distinguish C．improve D．discover 14.A.continued B．minded C．remembered D．enjoyed 15.A.route B．look C．reason D．search Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在英国，每年平均每个班级有8个孩子在小学毕业后不能很好地阅读。非营利组织Bookmark来帮助改变这一现状。文章讲述了书签志愿者Sally帮助孩子们阅读和学习的故事。 1.答案与解析：D　句意：欢迎志愿者加入非营利组织Bookmark来帮助改变这一现状。结合上文“Each year， eight children in an average class in the UK are unable to read well when they leave primary school.”可知，此处指改变这一现状。故选D。 2.答案与解析：B　句意：萨莉，书签志愿者，有一个故事要展开。根据上文“has a story to”指讲故事，应用动词unfold。 3.答案与解析：A　句意：2021年，莎莉退休后加入Bookmark，成为一名志愿者，她想把自己的时间借给别人。根据后文“her time to others”可知，成为志愿者意味着把自己的时间借给别人。故选A。 4.答案与解析：B　句意：在Bookmark做志愿者之前，她从来没有和孩子们一起工作过——开始这些活动确实让她走出了舒适区。呼应上文“eight children in an average class”指和孩子一起工作。故选B。 5.答案与解析：C　句意：在Bookmark做志愿者之前，她从来没有和孩子们一起工作过——开始这些活动确实让她走出了舒适区。根据上文“she had never worked with”可知，以前没有做过这种工作，所以是走出舒适区。 6.答案与解析：A　句意：莎莉对Bookmark的使命有一种真切的感受，她相信挑战会有回报。根据后文“to Bookmark's mission”指莎莉对这一组织产生了联系，有了真切的感受。 7.答案与解析：B　句意：莎莉对Bookmark的使命有一种真切的感受，她相信挑战会有回报。根据上文“the challenge would”指挑战会有回报。 8.答案与解析：D　根据后文“I feel I am making a difference”可知，志愿服务让她满足。 9.答案与解析：C　结合上文“I feel I am making a difference”可知，莎莉个人的影响是很小的。 10.答案与解析：A　根据后文“making them laugh”可知，他们在一起很快乐。故选A。 11.答案与解析：B　根据上文“making them laugh as we read”可知是用有趣的方式阅读。故选B。 12.答案与解析：C　句意：到目前为止，所有和我一起读过书的学生都变得热情和渴望学习。根据后文“and eager to learn”可知，学生变得热情和渴望学习。 13.答案与解析：C　句意：这些课程确实会让你在某种程度上独立思考，试着解释单词的意思，并试着提高孩子对故事的理解。根据上文“trying to explain what words mean and trying to”可知，课程让孩子们试着解释单词的意思，并试着提高孩子对故事的理解。 14.答案与解析：D　句意：我也很喜欢和他们聊天，听他们编故事。根据后文“chatting to them and listening to them making up stories”可知，莎莉也喜欢和孩子聊天，enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故选D。 15.答案与解析：A　句意：为乐趣而阅读提供了一条学习的途径和一个充满机会的世界。根据后文“into learning and a world of opportunities”可知，为乐趣而阅读提供了一条学习的途径和一个充满机会的世界。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 4　SHARING 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.a parcel from home 家里寄来的包裹 2. be stuck in traffic jam 陷入交通堵塞 3.be glad to receive your mail 很高兴收到你的邮件 4.primary and secondary education 中、小学教育 5.weed the hospital garden 给医院的花园除草 6.a cotton shirt 一件棉衬衫 7.take two tablets before meals 饭前每次两片 8.wear a pair of rubber gloves 戴一双橡胶手套 9.go to the washroom 去洗手间 10.be too narrow and too rigid 又狭窄又死板 11. come out of the hut 从小木屋里出来 12. gather around the fireplace 聚集在壁炉周围 13.an electric kettle 电水壶 14.a pan of boiling water 一锅开水 15.place under a hot grill 放在高温烤架下面 16. pack up the leftover food 把剩下的食物打包 17.a jar of coffee 一罐咖啡 18.on the lecture circuit 巡回演讲 19.the criterion of truth 真理的标准 核心单词三遍熟 1.mail n. 邮件；信件；邮政 vt. 邮寄；发电邮给 2.uniform n. 校服；制服 adj. 一致的；统一的 3.chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房 4.shade vt. 给······遮挡（光线）；加灯 罩；把......涂暗 n. 阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 5.platform n. 平台；站台；舞台 6.handshake n. 握手 7.drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.&.vi. 缓慢而费力地移动 8.privilege n. 优惠待遇；特权 9.plug vt. 封堵；补足 n. 堵塞物；插头；插座 10.resign vi. &. vt. 辞职；辞去 11.deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受 12.lately adv. 最近；不久前；近来 13.input n. 情况；信息；投入；输入vt. 输入 14.tune n. 曲调；曲子 vt. 调音；调节；调频道 15.contract vt. 感染（疾病）；与······订立合同 （或契约）n. 合同；契约 16.grant vt. 同意；准许 n. 拨款 17.relay vt. 转发；转播 n. 接力赛；接班的人 18.pray vi.&. vt.企盼；祈祷,. 拓展单词寻规记 1．dust n．沙土；灰尘.vt.&vi.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的 2．chemist n．化学家；药剂师，药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的n.化学物质 3．housing n．住房；住宅→house n．房子 vt．给......提供住处 4．ripe adj．成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vi.&vt．熟；使成熟 5．disabled adj．有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使（某人）残废；使······无能 6．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt．咨询；请教→consultant n顾问 7．stability n．稳定（性）；稳固（性）→stable adj．稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 否定前缀dis­表示“非，不，无”等 ①advantage优点→disadvantage缺点 　　　　②comfort舒适→discomfort不适 ③order条理；秩序→disorder混乱 ④like喜欢→dislike不喜欢 ⑤agree同意→disagree不同意 ⑥appear出现→disappear消失 ⑦obey服从→disobey不服从 特殊名词复数变化 ①medium→media (复)媒体　　　　　　　　②phenomenon→phenomena (复)现象 ③criterion→criteria (复) (评判的)标准；尺度 ④bacterium→bacteria (复)细菌 ⑤datum→data (复)数据 背热考单词 1．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗　n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 背重点 背写作佳句 1)in the shade 在阴凉处 in the shade of 在……的阴凉处 2)shade...from/against... 给……遮挡…… ①At least the small hut can shade us from/against the scorching sunshine.至少小屋可以为我们遮挡灼热的阳光。 ②I saw Mary sitting under the shade of a tree，reading a book. 我看见玛丽坐在树荫下读书。 2.drag vt.拖；拽　vt. & vi.缓慢而费力地移动 背重点 背写作佳句 drag sb. down 使某人沮丧 drag...out of... 把……从……中拖出来 drag sb. into (doing) sth. 把某人拖入到(做)某事中 Tom opened the car door，dragged the driver out and sent him to the police station.汤姆打开车门，把司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(读后续写动作描写) 3.privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have the privilege to do/of doing sth. 有做某事的特权 It is a privilege (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)有幸做 某事 2)be/feel privileged to do sth. 有幸做某事 I am privileged to stand here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”．我很荣幸能站在这里发表题为“聪明的在线学习者”的演讲。[2021·全国乙卷书面表达] 4.resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去 背重点 背写作佳句 resign one's post/position 辞去职务 resign from... 从……辞职 resign as... 辞去作为……的职务 resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己安于 (做)某事 ①He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job.他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。 ②Physically challenged as Jack was, he did not resign himself to his fate. 杰克虽然身体不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命运。 5.deserve vt.值得；应得；应受 背重点 背写作佳句 deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 deserve to be done/doing ……值得被…… deserve consideration/attention/a rest 值得考虑/注意/应该休息 Actually, there are many selfless people like Uncle Li around us, and they well deserve respecting． 其实，我们身边有很多像李叔叔这样无私的人，他们值得被尊敬。 二、背词块——丰富表达 第一组　核心短语 1．a chorus of　　　　　　　齐声；异口同声 2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说 3．take ... for granted 认为……是理所当然；对…… 不予重视 4．relay to 转达给……；转发给…… 5．pray that 但愿 6．be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事 7．make a big difference 有很大影响 8．upside down 颠倒地 第二组　课文词块 1．adapt to these conditions 适应这些条件 2．have no concept of doing experiments 没有做实验的概念 3．come across 偶然遇到 4．be relevant to... 与……有关 5．make my first visit to a remote village 我第一次拜访一个偏远的村庄 6．walk for two and a half hours 步行了两个半小时 7．in nearly every corner of the world 几乎在世界的每一个角落 8．shake hands with all the villagers 与所有的村民握手 9．build a fire 生火 10．dry out the leftover food 使剩菜完全变干 11.in need of development 需要发展 12．work as a volunteer consultant 当一位志愿者顾问三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：before引导时间状语从句 教材原句：The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！ 几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管里涌出，洒得到处都是！ 经典佳句：It is understandable in that situation, but we should always think before we speak. 这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 2.句型公式：from where引导定语从句 教材原句：Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. 我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。 经典佳句：This is an amazing platform from where you can learn more about what students think. 这是一个很棒的平台，在这里你可以了解到更多学生的想法。[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文] 3.句型公式：it takes/took sb. sth. to do sth. 某人花某人……做某事 教材原句：It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我只花了几分钟就走到了学校。 经典佳句：It did take me hard work to finish the project alone despite his remote guidance. 尽管有他的远程指导，但我独自完成这个课题确实很辛苦。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.Sam， Wayne and Tim were three men in their 60s， jamming in the same _________ （dust） old garage where they used to play music when they were in high school. 2.When waiting for the apples to __________ （ripe）， I logged the weather changes in the area. 3.History ___________ （able） pupils to learn about their culture， which helps them to understand the society they live in. 4.We consider ourselves ___________ （privilege） to have been invited to give a speech here. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.After ____________ （resign） from the company， the man took some books to the post office and ___________ （mail） them to his friend. 2.She wrinkled her forehead and got confused and worried by the accident， _____________ （pray） that her father would be all right. 3.One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the ___________ （disable） after I resign from the job. 4.I think we need to read some materials that are relevant ___________ the topic we are discussing. 5.Through the activity， I believe that it is labor that matters a lot and that small efforts made by everyone can make a great difference ___________ our society. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.What made me delighted was that the walls were a uniform grey.　_____________ 2.The doctor suggested that you should take two of the tablets three times daily before meals. 　___________________ 3.When John was growing up， other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.　_____________ Ⅳ应用文写作——演讲稿——招募新的志愿者 练单句： 1.我热衷于志愿者工作。 ___________________________________________________ 2.它不仅对他人有益而且对我也很有意义。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3.我有过几次当志愿者的经历，给我印象最深的是去山区小学教书的时候。（主语从句） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.尽管教学条件很差，但孩子们渴求知识。 Though the teaching conditions were very poor，children ________________________________. 5.村民们对我们很有礼貌，也很友好。 ____________________________________________________________________ 6.让别人快乐给我一种成就感。 _____________________________________________________________________（强调句） 7.为什么不加入我们呢？ 我相信有了你的参与，我们会让世界更美好。 Why not join us？ I am sure that _____________________ with your participation. 组语篇： Good morning everyone， I am Li Hua， chairman of the volunteer club. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your attention. Ⅴ读后续写——露西的爷爷去世了，这个噩耗给她带来巨大的打击…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.当露西听到这个消息时，她的心很痛，放声大哭起来。 When Lucy heard the news， her heart ached， and __________________. 2.她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。 ______________________， tasting the salty tears ____________________________________.（定语从句） 3.过了一会儿她回头看他，双眼哭得又红又肿。 After a while she turned round to look at him， _______________________________________.（独立主格结构） 4.她一张口说话，泪水就再次夺眶而出。 _____________________________________________ as she started to speak.（简单句） 5.他忍住泪水，并试图安慰她。 ____________________________________________ and tried to comfort her. 6.一个小时过后，她回到自己房间，哭到睡着。 An hour later， when she returned to her room， _________________________________. 7.他静静地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。 He stood silently outside her room， _______________________________________________.（独立主格结构） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·山东省潍坊市高三素养能力测评]When it comes to providing energy to the masses， Greg Hazle's experience is deep. Before his retirement in 2017， his extensive corporate career spanned public service， independent energy， mining and construction materials industries. He has held roles in corporate finance and also put his training in engineering to work and helped design power projects throughout the United States and Latin America. Outside of his high­powered career，Hazle always found ways to give back. And， sometimes， others plotted those ways for him. In 2014， a board member from Boca Helping Hands (BHH) ， local nonprofit， saw Hazle sing at the church they both attended. He asked around about Hazle and thought he'd be a good addition to the nonprofit's board of trustees. “All of this was happening without me knowing，” Hazle smiled. But once Hazle learned about the nonprofit's work， he was onboard. BHH is a community­based nonprofit in Boca Raton， Florida， which provides food， medical， financial， and job­training assistance to help people meet their basic needs and become self­sufficient. Despite his success in corporate America，Hazle always remembered his days growing up in Jamaica， when he had seen the impact of poverty， homelessness， and hunger around him. While he lived in a place that had such a reputation for wealth and self­indulgence (放纵)， he was sharply aware that there were people around him — even in a place like Boca Raton — who needed help. Over the next few years， Hazle became involved in many aspects of the organization. Hazle's preparing for his retirement at age 60 was co­occurrent with the managing director of BHH leaving around. Hazle agreed to step in and run the organization as a temporary leader with the condition that a search firm would be kept to find a new leader. “Obviously， that's not how it turned out，” he said. Since then，Hazle has accepted the role wholeheartedly. He feels a renewed sense of purpose in his role， which suits his personality and passions more than others he has held. “So， it just felt like a privilege that I was given this opportunity and late in my career to do what I consider to be more meaningful work than generating returns for shareholders.” 1.What do we know about Hazle from the first two paragraphs？ A．He is a natural musician. B．He balances work and life well. C．He sponsors churches financially. D．He is influential in many circles. 2.Why does the author talk about Hazle's life in Jamaica？ A．To recall his miserable days there. B．To highlight his current superior life. C．To justify his joining the organization. D．To introduce the motive for his success. 3.What do Hazle's words in Paragraph 5 imply？ A．Take things as they are. B．In the end things will mend. C．Good things never come easy. D．Misfortune may be a blessing. 4.Which of the following best describes Hazle？ A．Devoted and wise. B．Optimistic and energetic. C．Tough and generous. D．Sympathetic and responsible. B [2024·济宁市高考模拟]When 76­year­old Antoinette­Marie Williams played 17­year­old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time， she__gave__Daniels__a__run__for__his__money. Paired through DOROT， a New York organization which was launched in 1976， they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don't think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross­generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels' relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common. Since its founding， DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults， in services specific to the person's needs and interests， with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old. Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years， but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic(流行病) has emerged only in recent years. In 2018， the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness， highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission， which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue. Fortunately， there are ways to battle loneliness， including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT. It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends， joining a community or social group， or volunteering to connect with like­minded people. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter­generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants， young and old. Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations. Practicing self­care is also encouraged， as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create. 5.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．She had a running race with Daniels. B．Daniels felt disappointed. C．Daniels had a tough win. D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting. 6.What is the purpose of DOROT？ A．To make technological innovation. B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly. C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages. D.To provide seniors with inter­generational connection. 7.What does the author try to stress in Paragraph 3？ A．The solution to loneliness. B．The root cause of loneliness. C．The classification of loneliness. D．The growing attention to loneliness. 8.In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from？ A．Society Watch. B．News Express. C．Page Turner. D．Science Study. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·青岛市高三第一次适应性检测]Each year， eight children in an average class in the UK are unable to read well when they leave primary school. Volunteers are welcome to join Bookmark， a non­profit organization to help __1__ this. With Bookmark you will brighten the futures of primary school children. Sally， a Bookmark volunteer， has a story to __2__. Sally joined Bookmark as a volunteer in 2021 when she had retired and wanted to __3__ her time to others. Before volunteering with Bookmark， she had never worked with __4__. Beginning the sessions was indeed a step out of her __5__ zone. Sally felt a real __6__ to Bookmark's mission and believed the challenge would __7__. “Volunteering has made me feel more __8__. I feel I am making a difference， however __9__ it is. I get huge __10__ from engaging with children and making them laugh as we read in a(n) __11__ way. All the pupils I have read with so far have become __12__ and eager to learn. The sessions do make you think on your feet somewhat， trying to explain what words mean and trying to __13__ a child's comprehension of a story. I've also really__14__ chatting to them and listening to them making up stories. Reading for pleasure is providing a __15__ into learning and a world of opportunities.” 1.A.observe B．protect C．judge D．change 2.A.write B．unfold C．invent D．outline 3.A.lend B．pass C．show D．take 4.A.books B．children C．readers D．volunteers 5.A.friend B．favorite C．comfort D．time 6.A.connection B．thought C．entrance D．admission 7.A.keep on B．pay off C．work out D．pick up 8.A.patient B．curious C．serious D．content 9.A.fantastic B．interesting C．small D．ordinary 10.A.joy B．praise C．respect D．result 11.A.normal B．funny C．similar D．awkward 12.A.honest B．kind C．enthusiastic D．confused 13.A.focus on B．distinguish C．improve D．discover 14.A.continued B．minded C．remembered D．enjoyed 15.A.route B．look C．reason D．search 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$