专题02 Units 1～8 语法精讲【考点串讲】-2024-2025学年七年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（沪教版2024）

沪教版2024七年级上期末考点串讲 Units 1-8 语法精讲 01 Unit 1 特殊疑问句 02 Unit 2 一般现时态 03 Unit 3-unit 4 形容词的用法和There be句式 目录 CONTENTS 04 Unit 5-6 一般将来时，条件状语从句 05 Unit 7 一般过去时态 06 Unit 8 人称代词和物主代词 目录 CONTENTS PART 01 特殊疑问句 Unit 1 Friendship 特殊疑问句 以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有： what 什么， who 谁， whose 谁的， which 哪个，哪些 when 什么时候， where 哪里， why 为什么， how 怎么，怎样 how old 多大年纪， how many 多少，how much 多少（钱） how often 隔多久 ★特殊疑问句的语序： 1 如疑问词对主语提问，其语序是：疑问词＋动词＋其他成分？ Who are your friends？谁是你的朋友？ How many people speak English? 有多少人讲英语？ 2 如疑问词对其他成分提问，其语序是： 疑问词＋系动词be(am/is/are)＋主语＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋助动词(do/does)＋主语＋动词原形＋其他成分？ What are you good at？你擅长什么？ Whose bike is this？这是谁的自行车？ Where do you come from？你是哪儿人？ When does he get up？他什么时候起床？ How do you go to school？你怎么去学校的？ 二、用合适的疑问词填空。 1 _________ does your mother do? She is a teacher. 2 _________ is Tom? In the classroom. 3 _________ is your little sister? She is six years old. 4 _________ does your father go to work every day? At about 7∶30. 5 _________ students are there in your class? Forty-five. 6_________ class are you in, Class 1 or Class 2? Class 2. 7 _________ do you want to make friends with Anna? Because she is very friendly. 8_________ is your best friend? Mary. 9 _________ bag is this? It’s Tom’s. 10._________ does your brother go to school? He goes to school by bus. What Where How old When /What time How many Which Why Who Whose How PART 02 一般现时态 Unit 2 School life 一般现在时态 般现在时的用法 （1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态 如:The sky is blue. （2）表示经常性或者习惯性动作，常与always、often、usually、sometimes、every day/morning/night等连用。 如: I get up at six every day. （3）表示客观事实 如:The earth goes around the sun. 一般现在时的结构 （1）主语+be动词+其他 如:She is a girl. （2）主语+行为动词+其他 如:We study English. 注意： 1、当句子主语是I,  you（第一、二人称单数）或we, you, they（人称代词复数）或复数名词时，行为动词用动词原形。如：I like English. 2、当主语为第三人称单数时，行为动词要在后面加"-s"或"-es"。如： Mary likes English. 附：第三人称单数动词变化 一般动词后加s wear, read, work, make, like, laugh, buy 以s, x, o, ch, sh结尾,后加es watch, brush, teach, guess, catch, go, do 辅音字母 + y结尾的单词, 变y为i, 加es worry, carry 元音字母 + y结尾的，直接加s stay 特殊形式 have 一般现在时常用下列副词或副词短语来作时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never, every day(week, year, night), on Sundays, on Monday, in the evening, once/ twice/ three times a month 例句: I often visit my teachers. 我经常看望我的老师。 例句: They do morning exercises every day. 他们每天做早操。 ①其中根据频度的“密疏”，频度副词的排列顺序是：always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never always 总是，一直 100% usually 通常 80%左右 often 经常 50% sometimes 有时 20% seldom 很少 5% never 从不，绝不 0% ②频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后；而副词短语经常位于句末或句首。 I often get up early. 我经常起得早。 He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好。 I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。 ③对频度副词提问时，用how often. --How often do you go to see your grandparents? --Once a week. 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Alice ___________ (not eat) bread for breakfast. She often _______ (eat) noodles. 2.My mother _____ (be) a teacher. She _______ (teach) in a junior high school. 3. I __________ (not watch) TV on weekdays. 4.His parents _____ (be) doctors. They ______ (work) in a big hospital. 5. ______ you ______ (get) up early every day? Yes, I ______. 6. ______Sam ______ (like) Geography? Yes, he ______. 7._____ Anna and Kate often ______ (play) music together? No, they _____. 8. _____ your father ______ (drive) the school bus? No, he _______. 9. Why _____ you _____ (go) to school on foot? Because my school _____ (be) close to my home. 10. When _____ your mother _____ (go) to work every day? She usually ______ (go) to work at 8 a.m. doesn’t eat eats is teaches don’t watch are work Do get do Does like does Do play don’t Does drive doesn’t do go is does go goes PART 03 形容词的用法和There be句式 Unit 3 The seasons 形容词的用法 1、形容词的用法 (1) 形容词作定语，一般放在名词前面。 a high building 一座高楼 a clever girl 一个聪明的女孩 (2)形容词作表语，放在系动词的后面。 The garden is beautiful. 这个花园很漂亮。 The food tastes nice. 这道菜尝起来味道很好。 （3）句型“It is+形容词+to do”的用法 It is+形容词+to do 表示“做……怎样”。 It is hard to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语很难。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. This plant needs a warm and _______(sun) place. 2. It is a ________ (snow) winter this year. 3. Jimmy told us about his __________ (amaze) trip to Hong Kong. 4. The Greens spent a _________ (love) day by the sea. 5. Jenny often wears a ___________ (fun) hat. 6. Our classmates are all very ___________ (friend). 7. The water is very ___________ (dirt), please don’t drink it.. 8. During the Spring Festival, I usually get some __________ (luck) money 9. It’s dangerous _______ (drive) on a foggy day. 10. China is an _______ (Asia) country. 11. There is a ________ (brightly) sun outside. Let’s stay at home. 12. It’s easy for everyone ________ (do) the work. 13. The weather will be _________ (cloud) tomorrow. 14. He likes to help others, he is very ___________(help). 15. The book is ____________. everyone is ____________( interest) in it. sunny snowy amazing lovely funny friendly dirty lucky to drive Asian bright to do cloudy helpful interesting interested Unit 4 The Earth 基本结构 There + is / are (名词+地点状语） 肯定句 There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语 There is a book / some paper on the table. There are +复数可数名词+地点状语 There are three apples in the basket. 否定句 在be动词后加上not,缩略形式是isn't, aren't There isn't a book on the table. There aren't any apples in the basket. 一般疑问句 将be动词提到there前 Are there any apples in the basket? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（如 what, how many/much, who 等）+is /are there +其他成分 What’s there on the table? How many people are there in the room? 就近原则 当there be后有两个或更多的名词时，be动词的形式应与 最靠近它的名词在数上保持一致 There is a pen and two books on the table, （pen 是离 be 动词 最近的单数名词） There are two books and a pen on the table, （books 是离 be 动词最近的复数名词） there be句型 There be 与have的区别 there be和have的含义和用法不同，there be句型表达的是“在某个地方存在某人、某物等”， have/has则表示“某人拥有某物”。当主语为第三人称单数时，使用has；其他人称作主语，则使用have。 There are all kinds of books on my bookstore. 我的书柜上有各种各样的书。 I have all kinds of books. 我有各种各样的书。 一、 翻译短句。 1 椅子下面有一只猫。 _____________________________________________ 2 教室里没有20个学生。 ____________________________________________ 3 袋子里有一些面包。 ____________________________________________ 4 书桌上有两本书吗？ ___________________________________________ 5 你们学校有多少个班？ ____________________________________________ There is a cat under the chair. There aren’t 20 students in the classroom. There is some bread in the bag. Are there two books on the desk? How many classes are there in your school? PART 04 一般将来时，条件状语从句 A 一般将来时will 一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, soon, next year, in three days, in the future等。 肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+……。如： We will visit the Moon tomorrow. 明天我们将到访月球。 “主语+will”常用缩略形式： I will = I’ll, you will = you’ll, he will = he’ll, she will = she’ll, it will = it’ll, we will = we’ll, they will = they’ll 否定句：主语+will + not+动词原形+……。如： She will not come to my party. 她不会来参加我的聚会。 will not 常用其缩略形式 won’t。 一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+……？如： — Will there be less pollution in the future? 将来的污染会更少吗？ — Yes, there will. 是的，会更少。 / No, there will not. 不，不会更少。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+……？如： — When will you go to Shanghai? 你什么时候去上海？ — Next Monday. 下周一。 — What will you do tomorrow? 你明天做什么？ — I’ll play football with my friends. 我会跟朋友一起踢足球。 B 一般将来时be going to 对于将要发生的事情，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，都可以用“be going to+动词原形+……”的句型来表示。 肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形+……。如： I am going to play basketball after school. 我打算放学后打篮球。 Jim is going to take a trip this weekend. 吉姆计划这个周末去旅行。 否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原形+……。如： I’m not going to be a doctor. 我不打算当医生。 一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如： — Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up? 你想长大了当一名教师吗？ — Yes, I am. 是的，我想。/ No, I’m not. 不，我不想。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+……？如： How are they going to spend their holidays? 假期他们准备怎么过？ 句子翻译。 1. 我们下周一离开广州。 We will leave Guangzhou next Monday. 2. 你明天会去看他吗？ Will you see him tomorrow? 3. 他们没打算下周去野炊。 They aren’t going to have a picnic next week. 4. 汤姆下周三回来。 Tom will be back next Wednesday. 5. 你们打算什么时候去放风筝？ When are you going to fly a kite ? if引导的条件状语从句 含义 在主从复合句中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句 引导词 if作连词，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句 结构   ①主句+if条件状语从句 ②if条件状语从句+逗号+主句 时态 主句 从句 一般将来时时态 一般现在时 谓语含情态动词 主句为祈使句 助记:主将从现 if 引导的条件状语从句（归纳总结） 1.If it is sunny tomorrow, we’ll go swimming. = We’ll go swimming if it is sunny tomorrow. 如果明天天晴的话，我们就去游泳。 2.If you go to Beijing, you can visit the Great Wall. = You can visit the Great Wall if you go to Beijing. 如果你去北京的话，你可以参观长城。 3.If he gets up early, he’ll get there in time. 如果他起得早，他就会及时赶到那儿。 4.You must/should do more exercises if you want to keep fit. 如果你想保持健康，你必须多运动。 关于if条件句的时态，常见的有以下四种情况： （1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时（即“主将从现”）。 （2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时（即“主祈从现”） （3）如果主句含有情态动词（may / might / can / must / should等），根据需要从句多用一般现在时（即“主情从现”）。 （4）条件句用于表达客观事实或普遍现象时，主、从句均用一般现在时（即“主现从现”） PART 05 一般过去时态 1. 定义 一般过去时表示过去经常或偶然发生的动作或存在的状态。在一般过去时中，谓语动词要用过去式。 My middle school teachers were very strict. 我的中学老师都很严格。 He lived in Shanghai three years ago. 三年前他住在上海。 2. 谓语动词的变化 (1)规则动词的过去式的变化规则如下： ①一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed，如：look—looked, watch—watched； ②以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d，如：hope—hoped, live—lived； ③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i,再加-ed，如：study—studied, ④以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾的辅音字母后再加 -ed，如：chat—chatted, stop—stopped。 (2)一些常见的不规则动词的过去式构成如下： be—was/were give—gave sleep—slept break—broke go—went take—took bring—brought leave—left think—thought feel—felt make—made wear—wore 3. 标志性的时间状语 在一般过去时的句子中，常常带有标志性的表示过去时间的状语，如yesterday, yesterday morning，last week, two days ago, in 2008, just now, a moment ago等。 He was at home yesterday. 他昨天在家。 She worked here last month. 她上个月在这儿工作。 4. 句式变化 (1)一般过去时的肯定句构成：主语+动词过去式+其他。 He went to the park last Sunday. 他上周日去公园了。 We visited the Great Wall last year. 去年我们游览了长城。 (2)一般过去时的否定句构成：①主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他；②主语+was/were not+其他。 He didn’t tell me the truth this afternoon. 他今天下午没和我说实话。 He was here yesterday. 他昨天还在这儿。 (3)一般过去时的疑问句构成：①Did+主语+动词原形+其他；②Was/Were+主语+其他。 Did you walk to school this morning？ 你今天早上步行上学吗？ Were you at home last night？你昨晚在家吗？ 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My dad ___________ (help) me with my maths last night. 2. — What day ___________ (be) it yesterday? — It __________ (be) Monday. 3. Mr. Smith ____________ (teach) us last year. 4. Miss Brown _________ (teach) the girls to dance tomorrow. 5. Molly often ______ (teach) her little brother to play table tennis after school. 6. _______ all the students ______ (have) a good time at the party last Saturday evening? 7. Sam _______ (have) some milk and bread for breakfast this morning. 8. Let’s ________ (take) some photos at the park. 9. We ________ (take) many nice photos at the park three days ago. 10. I _________ (see) Simon in the library two weeks ago. helped was was taught will teach teaches Did have had take took saw PART 06 人称代词和物主代词 　 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 单数 单数 复数 主格 　I 　we 　you 　you 　he she 　it 　they 宾格 　me 　us 　you 　you 　him her 　it 　they 汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 人称代词 人称代词主格用于动词前，作主语。如： I am a student. 我是学生。 She goes swimming every day. 她每天游泳。 人称代词宾格用于动词或介词后，作宾语。如： Miss Li will teach us next week. 下周李老师会教我们。 物主代词表示“……(人)的”,表所属关系。名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词是物主代词的两大分支。一般来说，形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，作定语。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，在句子中可以做主语，宾语，定语或者是主语补语。 形容词物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法区分 （1）形容词性物主代词其后必须跟名词，不能单独使用,后面必接名词,表示所有。形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句中作定语用。 例如：my pen我的钢笔   your bag你的书包       his bike他的自行车 her desk她的书桌  （2）在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，已经提起过。 例：There is a book. It's hers. 　这有本书。是她的。 物主代词 （3）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag(形容词性) is yellow, hers(名词性=her bag) is red, his(名词性=his bag) is blue and yours(名词性=your bag) is pink. 即：My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.   数，类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性物主代词 　my our your your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 按提示的人称用适当形式的代词填空。 1. Here is a postcard for __________ (you) father. 2. Helen wants to buy a car of ________ (she) own. 3. That is _______ (she) dress. _______ (its) is beautiful. 4. ________ (them) come from Japan. ________ (them) eyes are black. 5. Kate is ________ (I) friend. __________ (her) is a very nice girl. 6. Is that box _________ (you)? Yes, it’s __________ (my). 7. ________ (we) classroom is smaller than _________ (them). 8 .This is ________ (me) mother. _________ (her) is a doctor. 9. The shirt is __________ (he). Please give it to __________ (he). 10. _________ (he) chair is blue. __________ (she) is red. 1.your 2.her 3.her it 4. They their 5.my she 6.yours mine 7.our theirs 8.my she 9.hers him 10. His hers $$