课时跟踪检测(8)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(八) [对应学生用书P164] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He withdrew(退出) his horse from the race. 2．So, we have to train them and we have to equip(装备) them. 3．The treatment does not involve the use of any artificial (人造的) drugs. 4．The smell of burning rubber(橡胶) filled the air. 5．Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing(外向的) personality. 6．Don't misunderstand me—I am grateful(感激的) for all you've done. 7．The booklet should be very helpful to parents of disabled(有残疾的) children. 8．It's taken a long time to break out of my own conventional(传统的) training. 9．Both motor and sensory(感觉的) functions are affected. 10．Polish shoes regularly to protect the leather(皮革). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Although many measures have been taken(take), the world's economy is still going down. 2．She has been telephoning(telephone) her husband for the last thirty minutes, but there is no answer. 3．I have been cleaning(clean) the windows since this morning. 4．Sorry, but Mr Smith has left(leave) for Beijing. 5．The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing(play) in the mud all morning. 6．By the time he realizes he has walked(walk) into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it. 7．He has been waiting(wait) in your office since he arrived. 8．I'm pleased he's got his promotion. He has been waiting(wait) a long time for it. 9．He hasn't got much hair. He has been losing(lose) it since he was only thirty. 10．She has lost(lose) her keys. She can't find them anywhere. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours. 汤姆玩网络游戏已经超过二十个小时了。 2．I have been writing the letter since then． 从那时起我一直在写这封信。 3．We have been studying for nearly three hours. 我们已经学了近3个小时了。 4．Where have you been? I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours． 你去哪儿了？我已在雨中等了你两个小时了。 5．Jack hasn't been feeling very well recently; I think he'd better go to see a doctor. 杰克最近一直感觉不太舒服，我认为他最好去看看医生。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A As artificial intelligence(AI) systems become more advanced，we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare.AI is designed to imitate(模仿) the human brain in decision­making and learning，so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours，it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks. Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine.AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real­life cases.Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success. One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学).Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready should the worst happen.Startup AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI to create a prediction engine capable of anticipating epidemics months in advance with great accuracy. Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics(诊断学).Doctors base a lot of decisions on information from X­ray，CT and MRI images.Speeding up diagnoses from patient scans can rapidly improve patient care and outcomes.Computer vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through these images with incredible speed and accuracy.They have been able to outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests. Cardiologist(心脏科医生) Rima Arnaout developed an AI that beat human experts at correctly interpreting echocardiograms(超声波心动图)by 92 percent to 79 percent.She said that despite the result there is no prospect of AI replacing human doctors any time soon.“As cardiologists，we read the images and then go to see the patient，” she said.“So we're both reading images and practicing medicine.I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly.” The acceptance of AI in medicine will continue to gather pace in the future as it becomes more widespread. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能(AI)系统在人类医学和医疗保健领域的应用。 1．What plays a big role in helping AI systems know of human medicine? A．Certain tasks.　　　　　 B．Large data. C．The skill to imitate. D．The increasing demand. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine.”可知，在帮助人工智能系统了解人类医学方面，大数据发挥了重要作用。] 2．Why is Startup AIME mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate predicting disease is possible. B．To call on doctors to focus on public health data. C．To prove it's a successful company in global health. D．To let readers realize the importance of early success. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Startup AIME has successfully combined public health data with machine learning and AI ...in advance with great accuracy.”可知，这里提到Startup AIME是为了说明预测疾病是可能的。] 3．What do we know about computer vision AIs? A．They do better than doctors in some tests. B．They speed up diagnoses from patient scans. C．They can rapidly improve patients' conditions. D．They analyze information from X­ray，CT and MRI images. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Computer vision AIs use pattern recognition to work through ...outperform junior doctors and even senior specialists in some tests.”可知，计算机视觉人工智能在一些测试中比医生做得更好。] 4．What do Rima Arnaout's words in Paragraph 5 imply? A．AIs are not so smart as human doctors. B．It's not easy for AIs to take the place of human doctors. C．A cooperation between AIs and human doctors is a must. D．Human doctors are playing a big role in practicing medicine. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中Rima Arnaout说的话“So we're both reading images and practicing medicine.I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly.”可以推断出，Rima Arnaout认为，尽管计算机视觉人工智能在一些测试中比医生做得好，但AI不可能很快取代人类医生。] B Creating a new gene in a single day could soon be possible. The technology could one day let researchers speedily rewrite genes, enabling them to make new medicines and fuels on the fly. Researchers have been able to make DNA since the 1970s. The traditional approach takes DNA nucleotides(核苷酸)and adds them, one by one, to a growing chain called an oligo(寡核苷酸). But the process is typically slow and error­prone, limiting oligos to about 200 letters—a tiny part of the thousands of letters that make up most genes. Over the decades, most researchers have settled on one particular polymerase(聚合酶)，called TdT, because unlike others, it can attach new nucleotides to an oligo strand without following a DNA template strand. Scientists have tried for years to make TdT add one nucleotide at a time and stop, before repeating the process with a different nucleotide. But TdT doesn't work well with these modified nucleotides. “TdT is very picky.” says Sebastian Palluk, a Ph.D．student. One such system, for example, required about an hour to add each modified base, far too slow to be practical. Ultimately, the approach should be cheap, because TdT is easy to manufacture in bacteria. It's also fast. Most new nucleotides attach to the growing oligo in 10 to 20 seconds. For now, the step still takes a minute. So synthesizing a whole gene will still likely take the better part of a day. The new approach is not quite ready. So far, the group has made oligos only 10 bases long. And there are still a few writing problems, as the approach was only 98% accurate at writing DNA, below the 99% accuracy of the traditional approach. In order to write oligos up to 1，000 bases long, the approach will likely need to be 99.9% accurate. [语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们正在尝试用一种最新的方法来改写基因，如果成功，将可以在一天的时间里创造出一个新的基因，但目前该技术尚未成熟。 5．What is the drawback of the traditional way of making DNA? A．It is too expensive. B．It is too hard to be carried out. C．It increases oligos to about 200 letters. D．It is too slow and there may be mistakes. D　[细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话 “But the process is typically slow and error­prone, limiting oligos to about 200 letters—a tiny part of the thousands of letters that make up most genes.(但这个过程通常是缓慢而且容易出错的，限制寡核苷酸只有大约200个字母——这只是组成大多数基因的数千个字母中的一小部分。)”可知传统重组基因方法的缺点是缓慢且容易出错。] 6．Why have most researchers settled on TdT? A．Because it is cheap. B．Because it is easy to get. C．Because it is harmless to people. D．Because it is easy to control. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句话“Over the decades, most researchers have settled on one particular polymerase，called TdT，because unlike others, it can attach new nucleotides to an oligo strand without following a DNA template strand.(在过去的几十年里，大多数研究人员都专注于一种特殊的聚合酶，称为TdT，因为与其他酶不同的是，它可以将新的核苷酸附着到寡聚链上，而不需要附着在DNA模板链上。)”和第三段第一句话“Ultimately, the approach should be cheap, because TdT is easy to manufacture in bacteria.(最终，这种方法应该是廉价的，因为TdT很容易在细菌中制造。)”可知研究人员专注于TdT的原因是TdT在细菌中很容易得到。] 7．What can we learn from the text? A．Researchers have been able to make DNA recently. B．The new approach is quite ready without any problem. C．There is still some work to do before the new approach is practical. D．To write oligos 1 000 bases long, the approach needs to be 99% accurate. C　[推理判断题。由文章最后一段的首句“The new approach is not quite ready.(新方法还不完全成熟。)”及最后一句“In order to write oligos up to 1，000 bases long, the approach will likely need to be 99.9% accurate.(为了写出1 000个碱基长的寡核苷酸，这种方法可能需要99.9%的准确度。)”可以推断出这种基因重组的方法目前还不成熟，主要是精准度不够，由此可以推断出这种方法离真正应用到实际还需要很多的试验与研究工作。] 8．Where is this text most likely from? A．A magazine. B．A diary. C．A novel. D．A guidebook. A　[推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知本文为一篇科技说明文，讲述了科学家们正在尝试用一种最新的方法来改写基因，如果成功，将可以在一天的时间里创造出一个新的基因，由此可知本文最有可能出现在与科技相关的杂志上。] Ⅱ.七选五 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters，” Tononi says. A．We should also try to sleep well the night before. B．It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C．Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D．The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E．That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F．“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G．Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。 1．C　[根据前一句可知，当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。] 2．E　[前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。] 3．F　[该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接．也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tononi的话说，“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。故选F。] 4．G　[根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。] 5．B　[该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯，该空前面一句里出现了protect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和important呼应。也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Diabetes is a medical condition in which the human body does not produce enough insulin(胰岛素), a 1. (chemistry) that controls how we use glucose. Glucose (葡萄糖) is a kind of sugar 2. (use) by the body to provide energy for cells. Our cells need insulin to use glucose. As insulin is also needed to control the level of glucose in the body, a patient may at times have too much or too little glucose in his or her blood. 3. situations can cause other health problems. Diabetes can be passed down through family generations or 4. (cause) by an illness or being overweight. People who have this disease may feel thirsty and 5. (tire) all the time. They may also 6. (loss) weight and have to go to the toilet very often. People with diabetes may also have heart disease, high blood pressure and strokes, all of 7. are often caused by the disease. While diabetes cannot be cured, some treatments can be very 8. (effect). Diabetics can take insulin shots to make up for the insulin their bodies do not produce. A strict diet and proper exercise can also help. People with diabetes should try to eat less high­energy food 9. rice, bread, potatoes should be limited, and sweets like chocolates should be avoided. Diabetics should also quit smoking and drinking. In addition, diabetics should talk to their doctors first to see what exercise is suitable for their condition and 10. (watch) their glucose levels when they exercise. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有关糖尿病的知识。 1．chemical　[考查名词。句意：糖尿病是一种身体不能产生足够的胰岛素的疾病，胰岛素是一种控制我们如何使用葡萄糖的化学物质。此处是insulin(胰岛素)的同位语，应用名词，由空前的a可知，应用名词单数形式，chemical“化学物质”。故填chemical。] 2．used　[考查非谓语动词。句意：葡萄糖是一种糖，被身体吸收用来为细胞提供能量。分析句子结构，Glucose是主语，is是谓语动词，use是非谓语动词，use和Glucose之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填used。] 3．Both　[考查代词。句意：这两种情况都可能导致其他健康问题。结合句意，此处表示“两者都”，应用固定搭配both ...and。故填Both。] 4．caused　[考查动词的语态。句意：糖尿病可以通过家庭代代相传，也可以由疾病或超重引起。本句主语是Diabetes，谓语动词是be passed down，or连接并列谓语cause，cause也应用被动形式。故填caused。] 5．tired　[考查形容词。句意：得这种疾病的人会时常觉得渴和累。空处和thirsty由and连接，是并列关系，也应用形容词作表语。故填tired。] 6．lose　[考查动词。句意：他们还可能会体重下降，并且经常上厕所。本句主语是they，空处是谓语动词，空前是情态动词may，动词应用原形。故填lose。] 7．which　[考查定语从句的关系词。句意：糖尿病患者还可能患有心脏病、高血压和中风，这些都是由糖尿病引起的。本句是非限制性定语从句，从句修饰前面的heart disease, high blood pressure and strokes，先行词是物，且本句是非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。] 8．effective　[考查形容词。句意：虽然糖尿病无法治愈，但有些治疗方法是非常有效的。此处用形容词作表语，effective表示“有效的”，符合句意。故填effective。] 9．like　[考查介词。句意：糖尿病患者应尽量少吃高能量食物，如大米、面包、土豆等，应少吃巧克力等甜食。结合句意此处表示举例，like意为“比如”，符合句意。故填like。] 10．watch　[考查动词原形。句意：糖尿病患者应该先和医生谈谈，看看什么样的运动适合自己的情况，并在运动时观察自己的血糖水平。分析句子结构，空处watch和see是并列关系，应用原形，故填watch。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$