Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 阅读以下短文，感悟加黑部分所使用的时态和语态 Du Fu：China’s Greatest Poet，a BBC one-hour documentary，was launched on April 6,2020.It is the first time that Du’s life ①has been put in a global context.For the Chinese，Du is more than a poet；he ②has been acting as the guardian of the morality of the nation up to date.Born in 712，Du lived through the violent fall of the Tang Dynasty when wars，floods and famines almost ruined the country.In his poems，he poured out his concern for his country and people as well as the importance of celebrating the few simple joys of life. This documentary is a must-see.To help Western audiences make sense of the poet’s great achievements in literature，Du is compared to China’s Shakespeare in this documentary.Also the program invited McKellen，who played Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings movies，to read 15 of Du’s poems that had been translated into English.These can help foreigners better understand what ③has made Du’s works so special.In a way，the documentary ④has been displaying the charm of traditional Chinese literature to the world，inspiring more people around the globe to learn Chinese Tang poems. [语法感知] 以上短文中①③的时态都是现在完成时，其主动语态的结构是has/have done，被动语态的结构是has/have been done；②④的时态都是现在完成进行时，其结构是has/have been doing。 一、现在完成进行时的形式 肯定句：have/has been＋现在分词(doing) 否定句：have/has not been＋现在分词(doing) 疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词(doing)＋...? Our government has been using PSAs to educate people for many years. 多年来，我们的政府一直在用公益广告来教育人们。 She has been not communicating with others verbally for the last four years，except for a few words now and then. 在过去的四年里，她一直没有和他人进行口头交流，除了偶尔蹦出几个词。 Has he been buying and selling since he succeeded to that big fortune，a million dollars? 自从他继承了那一百万美元的巨款后，他一直都在做买卖工作吗？ 二、现在完成进行时的用法 1．延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。 —Why，Jack？You look so tired! —Well，I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. ——为什么，杰克？你看上去很累啊！ ——对，我一直在粉刷屋子，而且明天必须得刷完。(强调一直在做，并且还将持续) Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week. 从6月开始，玛丽每天晚上去上写作课，这个课程将于这周结束。(玛丽每晚上写作课的状态从过去持续到未来) 2．重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。 —Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work? —Yes，that’s why I have been going to work by train. ——开车去市中心上班难道不麻烦吗？ ——很麻烦，这就是我一直坐火车去上班的原因。(到现在一直坐火车去上班，强调重复性和持续性) Since humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful. 自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在努力让我们的环境更美丽。(表示到现在一直努力做，强调重复性和持续性) 3．感情色彩：和进行时一样，现在完成进行时可以带有说话人的感情色彩(如赞扬、厌恶、抱怨等)。 Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours. 你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。(抱怨) He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years，which really isn’t an easy thing. 他已经做了十五年的志愿者，这真不是一件容易的事。(赞扬) 三、现在完成进行时需要注意的几点 1．现在完成进行时常和以下时间状语连用：for＋时间段，always，since，these days/years，recently，all the time，all day/week/afternoon...，how long...等。 Since the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896，athletes and fans have always been trying to get “their” sports into the Olympics. 自从1896年第一届现代奥林匹克运动会举办以来，运动员及运动爱好者一直努力使“他们的”运动成为奥林匹克运动会上的比赛项目。 2．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时 (1)表示状态的动词：be，have，exist，belong，own等； (2)表示感情的动词：like，love，hate，detest等； (3)表示感觉的动词：see，hear，feel，sound等； (4)其他动词：believe，doubt，want，wish，agree，include，order，know等。 (正)He has had a terrible headache for the last few days.他最近几天头疼得很厉害。 (误)He has been having a terrible headache for the last few days. 3．现在完成时可以与never，ever，yet，already等连用，而现在完成进行时则不能与它们连用。 (正)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already read it three times. 这本书中没有什么新东西，因为我已经看了三遍了。 (误)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already been reading it three times. 疑难辨析 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续或表达某种情感，还可以表示动作的重复。现在完成时强调动作的完成性，强调对现在产生的影响或产生的结果，一般不表示动作的重复性。 试比较： (1)They have been discussing the plan for a week，but no decision has been made. 一周以来他们一直在讨论那个计划，但尚未作出任何决定。 (2)They have discussed the plan for a week，and the decision is that they should try their best to attract investors. 他们已经讨论这个计划一周了，决定是他们应该尽最大努力吸引投资者。 分析： 第(1)句中根据no decision 可知没有作出决定，说明讨论这个动作并未完成，之前应该是一直在讨论。使用现在完成进行时表示动作discuss的延续，而且可以反复进行，表示一次又一次的讨论。 第(2)句中根据the decision is that...可知决定已经作出，说明讨论这个动作已经完成，讨论已经结束。使用现在完成时表示discuss这个动作对现在造成的影响，不表示动作的重复性。 Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1．This is the second time that I have seen(see) the film The Battle at Lake Changjin. 2．We have been(be) friends ever since we met at school. 3．Alice has competed(compete) in the Athens Marathon twice before，but hopes to achieve her best time this year. 4．I have been cleaning(clean) the room this morning and I have to continue my work. 5．—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks.It’s because I have been practising(practise) a lot these days. 6．Mother wants to be a good provider，a role she has been shouldering(shoulder) since her marriage to Father. 7．Eric：You have been dialing(dial) that number all the time since you came into the office.Whom do you want to speak to? Delia：I’m trying to get our Paris office.I have called(call) it five times and haven’t got(not get) through yet.What should I do? 8．The number of visitors has been rising(rise) steadily since the reopening，despite a sharp decline compared to normal years. 9．—I’m fed up with the wet，cold weather here！I wish tomorrow a sunny day! —Exactly.Actually，it has been raining(rain) every day in the past two weeks. 10．Since last month，George，along with some of his former classmates，has been longing(long) for a 20-year gathering during this summer holiday. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．史密斯先生和他的学生们日日夜夜都在为这个项目工作，以便提前完成任务。 Mr Smith，along with his students，is working/has been working on the project day and night in order to finish the task ahead of time. 2．——托马斯，你的眼睛为什么红了？ ——在过去五分钟里我一直在切洋葱。 —Thomas，why are your eyes red? —I have been cutting up onions for the last five minutes. 3．我已经把门漆过了，现在它看起来像一扇新的。 I have painted the door and now it looks like a new one. 4．——狼先生，你这些天在忙什么？ ——我一直试着去抓些山羊，但是到目前为止还没有抓到过一只。 —Mr Wolf，what have you been busy doing these days? —I have been trying to catch goats，but have never caught a single one so far.　　 训练3　Grammar and usage　[分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 1．I have been trying(try) to phone her，but I still can’t get through. 2．All the machines had been repaired(repair) by the end of last week. 3．What surprises me most is that the countryside has changed(change) a lot in the past few days. 4．Ever since I graduated from university，I have been studying/have studied(study) marketing strategies. 5．This is the first time that I have visited(visit) the city museum，which has a great effect on me. 6．Up to now he has written(write) 100 poems，which are popular with children all over the country. 7．I have been living(live) here for 10 years and I don’t intend to leave here. 8．He will be attending(attend) an important conference at this time tomorrow. 9．At present we are having(have) an interesting English class. 10．More patients have been treated(treat) in hospital this year than last year. Ⅱ.完成句子(共6小题；每小题2分，共12分) 1．近年来，越来越多的中国城市开始建造地铁。这有助于减少交通拥堵和空气污染。 In recent years，more and more cities in China have begun to build subways，which helps to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. 2．我已经等了一个小时了，他还没有出现。 I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up yet. 3．泰山已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。 Mount Tai has become one of the leading tourist attractions in China. 4．在过去的几十年里，高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。 In the past few decades，the high-speed rail has tremendously changed Chinese people’s way of life. 5．我很累，我工作了一个上午了。 I’m very tired and I’ve been working all morning. 6．她的电话响了十分钟了，她为什么不接呢？ Her phone has been ringing for ten minutes.Why doesn’t she answer it? Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A An immersive and slow-paced Citywalk is becoming trendy across China.In contrast to rushing past overcrowded tourist landmarks，the new trend has emerged(出现) as a popular alternative to explore busy markets，ancient streets，and charming alleys at a leisurely pace. The appeal of Citywalk caters particularly to the younger generation often caught up in demanding work schedules.As evidenced by the increasing popularity of hashtags like “Citywalk for vacation” on a lifestyle sharing platform，with a staggering 465 million views and nearly 464,600 engagements，the trend is truly capturing unbelievable attention. Citywalk，or meandering through the urban landscapes，means the act of walking freely along city streets unburdened by exhaustive plans.It offers people an avenue to intimately experience urban culture and local traditions.Citywalk is not merely about sightseeing.It creates an opportunity for social interactions and deep connections with the cities.Citywalk routes are tailored to the specific interests of both out-of-town tourists and locals.For tourists，the focus is on sharing local customs and traditions，while for locals，discussions revolve around the city’s past，present，and future.The growing trend of Citywalk reflects a changing attitude towards life，embracing(欣然接受) a warmer，more relaxed，and slower-paced lifestyle. As Citywalk expands beyond first-tier cities like Beijing，Shanghai，and Guangzhou，to second-and third-tier cities across the country，it brings fresh opportunities for the tourism industry，in such areas as dining，shopping，and accommodation. Governments in Beijing and Shandong have recognized the potential of Citywalk，incorporating it into their action plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure activities.In Shanghai，public bus lines specially designed have been introduced to elevate the overall Citywalk for participants. “By slowing down and delving into(探究) the narrow alleys，observing the lives of city residents，and immersing oneself in the context of museums and art galleries，one is entitled to embrace the pleasure of life，” said Luo Jun，a cultural tourism enthusiast. 1．What’s the main reason for the popularity of Citywalk among young people? A．It mainly focuses on urban sightseeing. B．Social media offer many tempting videos. C．Busy work schedule limits the choice of people. D．Conventional tourist landmarks are losing charm. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The appeal of Citywalk caters particularly to the younger generation often caught up in demanding work schedules.”可知，城市漫步受年轻人的欢迎主要是因为他们平时经常被繁忙的工作日程所困。故选C。 2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “staggering” in the second paragraph? A．Astonishing. B．Rewarding. C．Embarrassing. D．Shrinking. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后半部分“the trend is truly capturing unbelievable attention”可知，这一趋势引起的广泛关注令人难以置信，从而推知画线词意思是“难以置信的，令人惊讶的”。故选A。 3．Which of the following statements is NOT Citywalk? A．An immersive route for foreigners to enjoy the alleys in Chengdu. B．A holiday travel to hurriedly visit crowded landmarks in Shanghai. C．A free walk including visiting museums and old towns in Qingdao. D．A leisurely tour along Qiantang River to experience city transformation. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“An immersive and slow-paced Citywalk is becoming trendy across China.In contrast to rushing past overcrowded tourist landmarks，the new trend has emerged(出现) as a popular alternative to explore busy markets，ancient streets，and charming alleys at a leisurely pace.”可知，城市漫步不包括“匆忙游览上海拥挤的地标的假日旅行”。故选B。 4．What have some governments done to promote Citywalk? A．Facilities in the museums have been enhanced. B．Cooperation has been strengthened among cities. C．Opportunities have been offered to third-tier cities. D．Specific public transportation routes have been introduced. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In Shanghai，public bus lines specially designed have been introduced to elevate the overall Citywalk for participants.”可知，一些政府为了促进城市漫步引入了特定的公共交通路线。故选D。 B Recently，there have been huge advances in Artificial Intelligence(AI) programs that create art.The programs，which create artworks based on short descriptions，have amazed many people.They have also raised difficult questions. In April，NewsForKids.net reported on Dall-E 2，a tool from OpenAI.Dall-E 2 uses AI to create incredible paintings，photos，and other artworks in many different styles based on simple descriptions.Since then，OpenAI has changed its rules to allow anyone to sign up and use the tool.But it’s still putting strong control on the art that can be created. But now there are several other AI tools that work in similar ways.These new tools are free or cheap，and don’t have some of Dall-E 2’s limits.Midjourney is a website that allows users to create images from short descriptions.Stable Diffusion is similar，but users can also run the program on their own computers. The new tools are entertaining and powerful.They allow people to quickly see almost any idea they can imagine，even if they aren’t artists.For some creative workers，like those at companies that create ads or images，the tools allow them to quickly explore new ideas. Many artists are upset that they’re now competing against computers for attention，prizes and jobs.It’s hard for a single artist to compete against all the art and photography that have ever appeared on the Internet.In August，Jason Allen won first place at the Colotsfo State Fair with his picture Theatre D’opera Spatial，which was created with Midjourney.That upset many people. The images and the descriptions used to train these AI programs were taken from the Internet.The training images were without permission，which has raised questions about whether what these tools are doing is fair or legal. The creators of training pictures haven’t given permission for their images to be used，but their skills and talents are a huge part of what makes the new tools so successful.Some artists’ groups say artists should get to decide if their work can be used by these tools. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着科技的发展，创作艺术的人工智能程序应运而生，然而训练这些程序时使用的图像和描述取自互联网，这是未经许可的，这引发了人们对这些工具的行为是否合法的质疑。 5．What should we do to create artworks with Dall-E 2 or Midjourney? A．Upload some photos. B．Draw simple pictures. C．Offer brief descriptions. D．Write a short article. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dall-E 2 uses AI to create incredible paintings，photos，and other artworks in many different styles based on simple descriptions.”和第三段的“Midjourney is a website that allows users to create images from short descriptions.”可知，使用Dall-E 2或Midjourney创造艺术品需要提供简要描述。故选C。 6．How do many artists react to the new AI tools? A．They are concerned about them. B．They are discontented with them. C．They accept them unwillingly. D．They welcome them warmly. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“Many artists are upset that they’re now competing against computers for attention，prizes and jobs.”可知，艺术家们对于他们现在正在与电脑竞争关注、奖项和工作感到不安。由此推知，许多艺术家对新的人工智能工具感到不满。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Jason Allen’s attracting attention. B．Jason Allen’s creating a picture. C．Jason Allen’s using Midjourney. D．Jason Allen’s winning the prize. 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据第五段画线词上文“In August，Jason Allen won first place at the Colotsfo State Fair with his picture Theatre D’opera Spatial，which was created with Midjourney.”可知，That指代上文提到的杰森·艾伦的获奖。故选D。 8．In which column of a website are we likely to read this passage? A．Lifestyle. B．Business. C．Education. D．Science. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中“Recently，there have been huge advances in Artificial Intelligence(AI) programs that create art.”可知，本文主要讲的是有关人工智能与艺术创作的话题，涉及科学领域。由此推知，这篇文章最有可能出现在科学栏目中。故选D。 Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How do we rid ourselves of the negative(消极的) thoughts and return to a place of peace and acceptance? Read on for some expert-guided tips. Don’t suppress(抑制) the negative thoughts. “Research shows that it’s important not to suppress negative thoughts as this only makes it worse. 1 Then，select a positive thought or visual to engage with in place of the negative thought that you set free，” Dr.Carla Marie Manly，and author of Joy from Fear，tells She Knows. Don’t forget to breathe. “Close your eyes and breathe in for a count of four; then breathe out slowly to the count of four.When worries and stress begin to rise，be kind to yourself. 2 A worried mind gets very calm when it’s focused on breathing rather than worrying，” says Manly. 3 “Just because you have a thought doesn’t mean it’s true.When you notice you’re being hard on yourself or thinking very negatively，take a step back and question the thought you’re having，” suggests Touroni.“ 4 Are you jumping to conclusions？” Try a positive message or mantra(咒语)． When negative thoughts get a hold on you，Manly recommends focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you.For example，your mantra might be，“All will be well. 5 ” Manly suggests keeping a copy of your mantra in your wallet，on your mirror，and on your desk for a handy reminder during stressful moments. A．Things will work out. B．Think of a peaceful image instead. C．Don’t believe everything you think. D．And then pause to relax and breathe. E．Is there any evidence to support this? F．Can you trace back to where this all started? G．Instead，notice the negative thought and then let it float away. 1．答案　G 解析　根据本段小标题“Don’t suppress(抑制) the negative thoughts.”和下文“Then，select a positive thought or visual to engage with in place of the negative thought that you set free”可知，空处应提到释放消极的想法。G项“相反，注意到消极的想法，然后让它飘走”能够承上启下，其中的“let it float away”呼应下文的“set free”。故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　根据本段小标题“Don’t forget to breathe.”可知，本段内容与用呼吸来放松有关，D项中的“breathe”与标题呼应，所以D项“然后停下来放松和呼吸”符合语境。故选D。 3．答案　C 解析　空处为段落小标题。根据下文“Just because you have a thought doesn’t mean it’s true.”可知，本段主要讲述不能盲目相信自己的一切想法，C项概括并引领本段内容。故选C。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文中的“take a step back and question the thought you’re having(退后一步，质疑自己的想法)”和下文“Are you jumping to conclusions(你是否跳过论证直接得出了结论)？”可知，空处应是在质疑是否有支撑的证据。故选E。 5．答案　A 解析　根据上文“focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you(专注于积极的信息或能让你感到强大和平静的咒语)”和“All will be well(一切都会好起来的)．”可知，空处也是一句积极的信息，A项“事情会顺利发展”符合语境。故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Without arms or legs，the artist Adama Traore of Abidjan finds a unique way 1. (make) his art.Missing limbs since birth，he attended a center for disabled youth at nine 2. he learned how to paint. “When I was a child，my mum sent me to this lady named Marie Odile in a center for 3.__________ disabled.Thanks to her effort，there were more than 100 disabled people in the center.The lady passed away and I ended up in the streets，” said Traore. It was a difficult life 4. his teacher died.Getting around was hard，and taxi drivers would not pick him up,5. (assume) he had no money.But he kept painting 6.___________________(color) landscapes and portraits，earning some recognition and money.Traore 7. (slow) built up savings from his artwork and used it to open a small art studio.Since then he 8. (go) to work by taxi. “Painting is good to 9. (one) health and lifts spirits.If I didn’t paint，I don’t know what I would do.But I do paint，and if I’m just sitting here，people would say this one is doing nothing，he’s a beggar.But when they see me working，they’re saying this one is a 10._____________(work)，” said Traore. That work earns Traore about 84 dollars for each painting. 语篇解读　本文是新闻报道，报道了阿比让的没有四肢的艺术家阿达玛·特拉奥雷以画画谋生，用一种独特的方式来创造他的艺术。 1．答案　to make 解析　考查非谓语动词。a/the way to do...“做……的方法”，way此处是抽象名词，后接不定式作定语，故填to make。 2．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构，空处引导定语从句，先行词是center，指地点，从句缺少状语，因此用where引导定语从句。故填where。 3．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。 故填the。 4．答案　after 解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，空处表示“在……之后”，应用after。故填after。 5．答案　assuming 解析　考查非谓语动词。assume和其逻辑主语taxi drivers之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。故填assuming。 6．答案　colorful 解析　考查词性转换。修饰名词landscapes，应该用形容词形式。故填colorful。 7．答案　slowly 解析　考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词built up，应该用副词形式。故填slowly。 8．答案　has been going 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since then和乘出租车上班具有重复性和持续性可知，应该用现在完成进行时；主语是he，因此助动词用单数第三人称形式。故填has been going。 9．答案　one’s 解析　考查代词。代词one可泛指“人们，任何人”；此处修饰名词health，应用one的所有格形式one’s，意为“人们的，任何人的”。故填one’s。 10．答案　worker 解析　考查词性转换。在不定冠词a后面应该是名词；根据句意，与前一句的a beggar相对，应该是“工作者”。故填worker。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $