课时跟踪检测(7)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(七) [对应学生用书P160] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Your attitude will affect(影响) how successful you are. 2．She wore a little nurse's hat on her head to identify(辨认) her. 3．In addition, we have more choices by means(方法) of wild release. 4．The authorities said they would prohibit(禁止) train, bus and trolley operators from carrying cellphones while working. 5．You should resist(抵制) this temptation. 6．There is no doubt(疑问) that we will be successful. 7．The famous chemist(化学家) won the Nobel Prize. 8．The debate(辩论) was televised in front of a live audience. 9．The new manager's job is to restore(恢复) the company to profitability. 10．We were very surprised at his abnormal(反常的) behaviour. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Affected(affect) with high fever, he continued with his work. 2．We identify sportsmanship with good character. 3．—Can I come and have a look at your new house? —Yes，by all means! 4．The following actions are not excluded from the prohibition(prohibit). 5．He couldn't resist showing(show) off his new car. 6．There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has received. 7．Her press conference ended early as she was out of control of her emotion. 8．All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 9．We should prohibit officials from accepting (accept) dinner invitations in exchange for favour. 10．We are trying to apply book knowledge to real work. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．If you talk for less than one minute, it might affect your score． 如果你的讲话少于一分钟，可能会影响成绩。 2．He identifies her happiness with his own． 他把她的幸福当成自己的幸福。 3．By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other instantly. 通过现代技术，我们可以即时通讯。 4．Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 虽然现在很多人都对茶文化有所了解，但中国人无疑是最了解茶的本质的人。 5．I had expected to visit my friends in Beijing, but none (of them) stayed home during the holiday. 我本来打算去看看北京的几位朋友，但是假期他们一个人都不在家。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Although vaccines are required for entry into school in most places in the United States, the government does allow for exceptions, like religious reasons. In the last few years, the rates of vaccine­preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat, some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school. Several parents thought this was unfair and filed lawsuits. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools. The court made the right decision. Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots, but also on the decreased likelihood that anyone will come into contact with the disease. This is known as community immunity. It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized, then there really can't be an outbreak. And if there can't be an outbreak, then everyone is protected. This is important, because there are people who cannot be given immunizations for various reasons. For example, small babies can't be given all vaccines. In 1995, the chicken pox vaccine was introduced in the United States. Over time, more and more children received it. In 2011, a study looked at how the program affected the number of children who died from the disease. The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chicken pox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced. From 2001 through 2007, the rates of death remained much lower, with just a few children dying from chicken pox nationally each year. What's more from 2004 through 2007, not one child less than 1 year of age died in the United States from chicken pox. This is important, because we cannot give the chicken pox vaccine to babies. In other words, all those babies were saved not because we vaccinated them against this illness, but because older children were. Therefore, people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren't just putting themselves at risk—they're putting everyone else in danger, too. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。虽然在美国大多数地方，入学必须接种疫苗，但政府允许例外，比如宗教原因。在过去的几年里，疫苗可预防疾病的比率一直在上升。在大多数情况下，这些爆发始于未接种疫苗的儿童，因此一些学校开始拒绝让未接种疫苗的儿童上学，这一决定也得到了法院的支持。文章介绍了疫苗的重要性，作者认为学生接种疫苗是必要的。 1．Whose interest did the judges take into consideration? A．Students'. B．School leaders'. C．Several parents'. D．Unvaccinated kids'. A　[推理判断题。根据第二段“In the last few years, the rates of vaccine­preventable illness have been on the rise. In most cases, these outbreaks began with children who were unvaccinated. To deal with this threat, some schools in New York have been refusing to allow unvaccinated children to attend school. Several parents thought this was unfair and filed lawsuits. Just recently, though, a court ruled in favor of the city schools.(在过去的几年里，疫苗可预防疾病的比率一直在上升。在大多数情况下，这些爆发始于未接种疫苗的儿童。为了应对这一威胁，纽约的一些学校已经拒绝让未接种疫苗的儿童上学。一些家长认为这是不公平的，并提出了诉讼。然而，就在最近，法院做出了有利于该市学校的裁决。)”以及第三段中的“The court made the right decision. Vaccine policy depends not only on the added protection that vaccines provide for those who get shots, but also on the decreased likelihood that anyone will come into contact with the disease.(法院做出了正确的决定。疫苗政策不仅取决于疫苗为接种者提供的额外保护，还取决于减少任何人接触疾病的可能性。)”可推知，法官们考虑的是学生的利益。] 2．What is needed to prevent disease outbreaks through “community immunity”？ A．Requiring everyone to be immune. B．Vaccinating babies as early as possible. C．Making sure enough people get vaccinated. D．Separating unvaccinated people from vaccinated. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This is known as community immunity. It refers to the fact that when enough people are immunized, then there really can't be an outbreak. And if there can't be an outbreak, then everyone is protected.(这就是所谓的社区免疫。它指的是，当足够多的人接种了疫苗，就不会真的爆发疫情。如果没有爆发，那么所有人都受到了保护。)”可知，通过“社区免疫”预防疾病爆发需要确保足够多的人接种疫苗。] 3．What does the study about the chicken pox vaccine show? A．The vaccine is safe for every kid. B．No deaths have been seen since 2004. C．The vaccine has lowered the death rate. D．The vaccine is more effective among babies. C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The first thing noted in the paper was that death from chicken pox went down considerably after the vaccine was introduced. From 2001 through 2007, the rates of death remained much lower, with just a few children dying from chicken pox nationally each year.(论文中提到的第一件事是，因水痘死亡人数在疫苗引入后大幅下降。从2001年到2007年，水痘死亡率一直较低，全国每年只有少数儿童死于水痘。)”可知，水痘疫苗的研究表明疫苗降低了死亡率。] 4．Which of the following would the author agree with? A．No vaccine, no risk. B．No vaccine, no school. C．Vaccination is a personal choice. D．Vaccine­preventable illness is dropping. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, people who refuse to vaccinate their children aren't just putting themselves at risk—they're putting everyone else in danger, too.(因此，拒绝给孩子接种疫苗的人不仅将自己置于危险之中，也将其他人置于危险之中。)”可推知，B选项“没有疫苗就没有学校”的观点作者会认同。] Ⅱ.完形填空 Generally, a “good night's sleep” means about eight hours without interruption. However, the 1 of an eight­hour sleep is fairly recent. History textbooks, 2 ， only tend to record memorable events. Sleep is so 3 that it is barely mentioned.Some historians 4 references to a “first sleep” and a “second sleep” in documents. The first sleep started after sunset and lasted until around midnight. Then people would lie 5 for a while and chat or pray.Some neighbours 6 used to visit each other. After a few hours, they would continue their second sleep until dawn. By the time electric lighting was introduced, the two­sleep pattern had 7 ， for most people could stay up late with lights. It's a 8 we lost the two­sleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial. It 9 the body's natural energy and sleep rhythms. The two­sleep habit wasn't 10 . Sleep patterns vary between different cultures. Sleep patterns also vary according to 11 . Older adults and pre­teens are happy with early mornings, 12 teenagers have a habit of staying up late at night and getting up late. That's why parents are always 13 that teenagers won't get up in the mornings. Actually, it shouldn't 14 . Getting up late isn't lazy. Maybe we should 15 what our body clock is telling us and sleep when our body says it's tired. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文，讲述了不同时期和不同地域人们的睡眠类型以及影响睡眠模式的因素。 1．A．character　　　　　　　　 B．end C．result D．concept D　[句意：然而，8小时睡眠的概念是最近才出现的。A．character性格，特征；B．end结束；C．result结果；D．concept概念。根据“a ‘good night's sleep’ means about eight hours without interruption(良好的睡眠意味着八小时不受干扰)”可知，前文是在说明良好睡眠的概念，空处也应该与前文一致，指的应是八小时睡眠的概念。] 2．A．naturally B．finally C．hopefully D．casually A　[句意：理所当然地，历史教科书只倾向于记录令人难忘的事件。A．naturally理所当然地； B．finally决定性地；C．hopefully有希望地；D．casually随便地。根据“only tend to record memorable events”可知，历史教科书只记录令人难忘的事情，这是一件理所当然的事情。] 3．A．practical B．common C．important D．complex B　[句意：睡眠是如此普遍以至于很少被提及。A．practical实际的；B．common常见的；普通的； C．important重要的；D．complex复杂的。根据前文“only tend to record memorable events(历史教科书只记录令人难忘的事情)”并结合常识可知，睡眠是很少在历史书中被提及的，故睡眠是一件很常见的事情。] 4．A．dropped B．preferred C．understood D．noticed D　[句意：一些历史学家注意到文献中提到了“一次睡眠”和“二次睡眠”。A．dropped掉下，滴下；B．preferred偏爱；C．understood理解；D．noticed注意到。根据后文“references to a ‘first sleep’ and a ‘second sleep’ in documents”，并对其内容进行详细说明可知，该句为历史学家注意到文献中的内容。] 5．A．asleep B．alone C．awake D．angry C　[句意：然后人们会醒着躺一会儿，聊天或祈祷。A．asleep睡着的；B．alone独自的；C．awake醒着的；D．angry生气的。根据后文“Some neighbours 6 used to visit each other. After a few hours, they would continue their second sleep until dawn.”可知人们在第一觉后，会进行一些活动，才会继续睡觉，所以第一觉后人们应该是醒着躺在床上。] 6．A．even B．seldom C．still D．only A　[句意：有些邻居过去甚至会互相拜访。几个小时后，他们将继续他们的第二次睡眠，直到黎明。A．even甚至；B．seldom不常；C．still仍然；D．only只，仅仅。根据前文“Then people would lie 5 for a while and chat or pray.”可知，人们在第一觉后会祈祷或聊天。后文说会互相拜访。可知前后两句应该是一种递进关系。] 7．A．developed B．returned C．disappeared D．existed C　[句意：当电灯被引入时，这种“两段式”睡眠模式已经消失了，因为大多数人可以在有灯的情况下熬夜。A．developed发展；B．returned返回；C．disappeared消失；D．existed存在。根据后文 “for most people could stay up late with lights”可知，对于大多数人来说，有灯可以熬夜。所以人们不再睡两觉，这种睡眠模式已经消失了。] 8．A．pity B．blessing C．puzzle D．relief A　[句意：很遗憾我们失去了这种两段睡眠的习惯，因为晚上醒一段时间是有益的。A．pity遗憾；B．blessing祝福；C．puzzle困惑；D．relief安慰。根据“we lost the two­sleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial”可知，因为晚上醒一段时间是有益的，因此失去这种睡眠习惯是一件遗憾的事。] 9．A．ends up with B．keeps up with C．comes up with D．puts up with B　[句意：它符合身体的自然能量和睡眠节律。A．ends up with以……而结束；B．keeps up with 赶得上，跟上；C．comes up with 提出；D．puts up with忍受；容忍。根据前文“we lost the two­sleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial”可知，晚上醒一段时间是有益的。因此推断这样睡觉符合身体的自然能量和睡眠节律。] 10．A．universal B．interesting C．healthy D．regular A　[句意：这种“两段式”的睡眠习惯并不是全世界性的，不同文化的睡眠模式也不同。A．universal 全世界的；B．interesting有趣的； C．healthy 健康的；D．regular规律的。根据“ Sleep patterns vary between different cultures.”可知，不同的文化睡眠模式也不同，因此推断这两种睡眠习惯并不是世界性的。] 11．A．race B．age C．space D．season B　[句意：睡眠模式也因年龄而异。A．race种族；B．age年龄；C．space空间； D．season季节。根据后文 “Older adults and pre­teens are happy with early mornings”可知，睡眠模式也因年龄而异。] 12．A．if B．while C．where D．how B　[句意：老年人和儿童喜欢早起，而青少年有晚睡晚起的习惯。A．if假如；B．while然而；C．where在……地方；D．how如何。根据“Older adults and pre­teens are happy with early mornings”和“teenagers have a habit of staying up late at night and getting up late”可知，老年人与青少年有不同的睡眠习惯。所以前后文在意义上是转折。] 13．A．complaining B．persuading C．hearing D．suspecting A　[句意：这就是为什么父母总是抱怨青少年早上不起床。A．complaining抱怨；B．persuading劝说；C．hearing听；D．suspecting怀疑。根据“teenagers have a habit of staying up late at night and getting up late”可知，青少年有晚睡晚起的习惯，因此父母总是会抱怨孩子早晨不起床。] 14．A．work B．occur C．last D．matter D　[句意：事实上，这并不重要。晚起床不是懒惰。A．work工作；B．occur发生；C．last持续；D．matter要紧。根据“Getting up late isn't lazy.”可知，晚起床并不是懒惰，这并不是什么要紧的事。] 15．A．guess B．report C．consider D．risk C　[句意：也许我们应该考虑一下我们的生物钟告诉我们的，当我们的身体说累的时候就睡觉。A．guess猜想；B．report报告；C．consider考虑；D．risk冒……危险。根据“sleep when our body says it's tired”可知，当我们的身体说累的时候我们应该睡觉。所以我们应该考虑我们的生物钟向我们传达的消息。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet 1. (confuse) stages in a person's life.You are at a time of 2. (explore)，trying to find out your preferences，one of which 3. (be) your pastime(消遣). Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响).4. ，there are other choices that need to be made based on your values and principles in life.Some examples include skipping school to watch a movie with some friends，or even attending a party 5. there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out.How do you respond? However，it is okay to say no to anything that is illegal，6. (potential) causes harm or is hurtful to you or others.You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends but do not let that stop you 7. standing up to peer pressure.If your friends are true friends，they will respect your decision and not force you to join them. There are some steps you may take 8. (avoid) negative peer pressure.Firstly，stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong.Next，be true to 9. (you) and stand up for 10. you believe in.And if a situation gets out of hand，do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍青少年如何找到正确的娱乐活动和真正的朋友，以及如何避免来自同伴的负面压力。 1．confusing　[考查形容词。空处应用形容词修饰stages，修饰物，表示事物的特征，表示“令人困惑的”应用confusing。故填confusing。] 2．exploration　[考查名词。空处应填名词作宾语，exploration“探索”符合题意，抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填exploration。] 3．is　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，“one of＋n.”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且本句陈述客观事实。故填is。] 4．However/Nevertheless　[考查副词。结合语境和上文“Some pastimes have no moral implications(影响).”可知，上下文为转折关系，应用however/nevertheless连接。句首单词首字母大写。故填However/Nevertheless。] 5．where　[考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是party，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。] 6．potentially　[考查副词。修饰动词causes应用副词。故填potentially。] 7．from　[考查介词。固定短语stop sb.from doing sth.表示“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。] 8．to avoid　[考查非谓语动词。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，即采取措施的目的是避免同伴的负面压力。故填to avoid。] 9．yourself/yourselves　[考查代词。此处是祈使句，暗含的主语是you，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语用反身代词，此处指“你(们)自己”，用yourself/yourselves。故填yourself/yourselves。] 10．what　[考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$