课时跟踪检测(6)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(六) [对应学生用书P143] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．His unselfish (无私的) work is at last beginning to tell. 2．She earned a black mark for opposing (反对) company policy. 3．A few people tried to milk the insurance (保险) companies. 4．I can't be doing with people who complain (发牢骚) all the time. 5．The editor remarked (评论) that the article was well written. 6．The manager has to be very careful in handling (处理) the tough problem. 7．“Let the cat out of the bag” is an idiom (习语) in English meaning giving away a secret by mistake. 8．The earth is mainly made up of iron (铁) and silicon and things like that. 9．He did not think he was more cruel (残酷的) than other men. 10．We're going to play against the league (联赛) champion next week. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．He unselfishly(unselfish) contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career, which today helps him reach his goal. 2．Parents and children are on opposing (oppose) sides of most arguments. 3．She admitted having driven the car without insurance (insurant). 4．She poured out her complaints (complain) before me. 5．The changes taking place in China is remarkable (remark). 6．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. 7．I don't know whether to accept or refuse. 8．It turned out to be people sending flowers in celebration of their grand opening. 9．Worried (Worry) about her daughter's safety, she dialed her number again and again. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Nobody but you could be so selfish. 除了你之外，谁也不会这样自私。 2．I'm going to complain to the manager about this. 我要就这件事向经理投诉。 3．Some western newspapers have been remarking on the civil war of that country. 一些西方报纸近来一直对那个国家的内战作评论。 4．Can two walk together, except they be agreed? 二人若不同心，岂能同行呢？ 5．While traveling can broaden your mind，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够增长见识， 但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Runners who encounter visual and auditory (听觉的) distractions (分心) may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill (跑步机), more often than not a distraction is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury. Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at University of Florida, and his team conducted a research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners' bodies when they come in contact with it. The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman's team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction, during which the runners concatenated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a specific letter­color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice. When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all. “Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk，” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative (累积的) effects. For example, when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new song playlist.” Dr. Herman's team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual clues. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究表明，跑步时受到视听干扰，可能导致受伤。 1．Which of the following actions unlikely lead to injuries while running? A．Listening to music. B．Reading books on a treadmill. C．Sending messages to friends. D．Wearing a cap. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill, more often than not a distraction is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury.(无论是听音乐、发短信、做白日梦、欣赏风景，还是在跑步机上读书，通常都是一种受欢迎的消遣。但是，佛罗里达大学的研究人员最近发现，这些干扰可能会导致伤害。)”可知，跑步时听音乐，发短信和在跑步机上看书都会造成伤害。D项“戴鸭舌帽”没有提及。] 2．Paragraph 2 tells us the research's ． A．process　　　　　　　　 B．questions C．results D．reflection B　[主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners' bodies when they come in contact with it(这些干扰会影响心率、跑步者每分钟呼吸多少、身体消耗多少氧气、跑步者对身体施力的速度，以及跑步者接触地面时对身体施加的力等方面)”可知，第二段告诉我们研究的问题。] 3．Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to ． A．breathe beaver and have lower heart rates B．gain a faster speed with slower loading rates C．apply more force with less oxygen consumption D．get an increased amount of ground reaction force D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions.(有视听干扰，他们的两腿也经历了来自地面的增加的力量，称为地面反作用力。)”可知，受到视听干扰后，双脚感受到更多的反作用力。] 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays. B．Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance. C．Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon. D．Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions. C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative effects.(有时这些事情是无法避免的，但你可以尽量减少潜在的累积效应。)”可知，Dr. Herman建议跑步者把干扰最小化。] Ⅱ.完形填空 The next time you find an excuse to abandon your goals, think of Chris Nikic. On November 7, 2020, Chris made 1 as the first person with Down Syndrome(唐氏综合征)to attempt and complete an Ironman. 2 by the WTC, the demanding competition 3 athletes to swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run a full 26.2­mile marathon—in under 17 hours. Chris's road to this 4 accomplishment has been anything but easy. However, he is no stranger to 5 challenges. Born with two holes in his heart, he had open­heart surgery at just five months old and was too weak to walk 6 until he was four. Every expert his parents spoke to 7 the limitations rather than the possibilities. For years they listened and gradually 8 these limits. Until in 2017, he sets his 9 on completing the triathlons(铁人三项). His training 10 with one push­up! And he made an amazing 11 with his dad to get 1% better each day. Eventually, for the year leading up to the Ironman, Chris 12 four to eight hours each day along with his training partner. Now, Chris also has his sights set on the 13 in the 2022 Special Olympics and continuing to 14 money for Down syndrome. His amazing 15 is an example for not only disabled children but to all kids around the world. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了铁人三项运动员Chris从小患有唐氏综合征，但是他克服重重挑战，取得了伟大的成就。 1．A．money B．history C．progress D．fun B　[句意：2020年11月7日，克里斯创造了历史，成为第一个尝试并完成铁人三项的唐氏综合征患者。此处考查“make＋名词”短语辨析；make money挣钱；make history创造历史；make progress取得进步；make fun (of) 取笑。根据“the first person with Down Syndrome to attempt and complete an Ironman(第一个尝试完成铁人三项的唐氏综合征患者)”可知，克里斯创造了唐氏综合征患者的历史。] 2．A．Organized B．Reported C．Judged D．Affected A　[句意：这项苛刻的比赛由世界铁人三项机构组织，要求运动员游泳2.4英里，骑行112英里，跑完全程26.2英里的马拉松——在17小时内完成。A．Organized组织；B．Reported报道；C．Judged判断；D．Affected影响。根据“the WTC”可知，这项比赛是由世界铁人三项机构组织的。] 3．A．causes B．allows C．requires D．forces C　[句意见上题解析。A．causes引起；B．allows允许；C．requires要求；D．forces强迫。短语require sb. to do...“要求某人做……”；根据“swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, and run a full 26.2­mile marathon—in under 17 hours”可知，这里指铁人三项比赛对运动员的要求。] 4．A．puzzling B．amusing C．entertaining D．inspiring D　[句意：克里斯取得这一令人鼓舞的成就的道路绝非一帆风顺。A．puzzling 令人困惑的；B．amusing 有趣的，逗乐的；C．entertaining令人愉快的；D．inspiring 鼓舞人心的。根据下文“Born with two holes in his heart, he had open­heart surgery at just five months old and was too weak to walk 6 until he was four. ”可知，因为克里斯从小患有疾病，所以他能取得这样的成就是激励人心的。] 5．A．building B．overcoming C．understanding D．conveying B　[句意：然而，他对克服挑战并不陌生。A．building建造；B．overcoming 克服；C．understanding 理解；D．conveying表达。根据下文“Born with two holes in his heart, he had open­heart surgery at just five months old and was too weak to walk 6 until he was four.”可知，克里斯为了战胜疾病，需要克服各种挑战。] 6．A．powerfully B．frequently C．independently D．confidently C　[句意：出生时，他的心脏上有两个洞，五个月大的时候做了开胸手术。他身体太虚弱了，四岁前都无法独立行走。A．powerfully强有力地；B．frequently频繁地；经常地；C．independently 独立地；D．confidently 自信地。根据“too weak to walk”可知，克里斯一直到四岁才能独立行走。] 7．A．relied on B．tried on C．acted on D．focused on D　[句意：与他父母交谈过的每个专家都关注的是局限性，而不是可能性。A．relied on 依靠；B．tried on 试穿；C．acted on对……起作用；D．focused on集中于，聚焦于。根据“the limitations rather than the possibilities”可知，每个专家都关注的是克里斯身体上的局限性。] 8．A．noticed B．accepted C．expected D．received B　[句意：多年来，他们倾听并逐渐接受了这些局限性。A．noticed注意到；B．accepted 接受；C．expected 期待，预料；D．received收到。根据“Every expert his parents spoke to 7 the limitations”可知，因为专家们都只注意到克里斯身体的局限性，父母只好逐渐接受。] 9．A．sights B．wisdom C．views D．rules A　[句意：直到2017年，他将目标投向完成铁人三项。A．sights眼界，视野；B．wisdom智慧；C．views 观点；D．rules规则。此处是短语set sights on“把目光投向，着眼于，立志”。根据下文“Now, Chris also has his sights set on...”可知，克里斯开始将完成铁人三项作为自己的奋斗目标。] 10．A．stayed B．stopped C．started D．filled C　[句意：他的训练是从一个俯卧撑开始的！A．stayed保持，停留；B．stopped 停止；C．started 开始；D．filled装满。短语start with“从……开始”。根据“with one push­up”可知，克里斯从做一个俯卧撑作为开始训练。] 11．A．evaluation B．impression C．adjustment D．commitment D　[句意：他向他的父亲做出了一个惊人的承诺，每天都要提高1%。A．evaluation评估；B．impression 印象；C．adjustment 调整，适应；D．commitment 承诺。此处是短语make a commitment“做出承诺”；根据“to get 1% better each day”可知，克里斯对父亲做出承诺每天都要有一点点进步。] 12．A．trained B．promoted C．performed D．waited A　[句意：最终，在铁人三项赛前的一年里，克里斯和他的训练伙伴每天训练4到8小时。A．trained 训练；B．promoted提升；C．performed表演；D．waited等待。根据“the Ironman”和“along with his training partner”中的“training”可知，为了比赛，克里斯和训练伙伴每天进行训练。] 13．A．conversations B．competitions C．conflicts D．celebrations B　[句意：克里斯还把目光投向了2022年特奥会的比赛，并继续为唐氏综合征筹集资金。A．conversations对话；B．competitions 比赛；C．conflicts 冲突；D．celebrations 庆祝。根据“the 2022 Special Olympics”，他想参加2022年特奥会的比赛。] 14．A．borrow B．change C．handle D．raise D　[句意见上题解析。A．borrow借来；B．change改变；C．handle处理；D．raise筹集。此处是短语raise money for “为……筹集资金”。根据“Down syndrome”可知，克里斯为帮助唐氏综合征患者筹集资金。] 15．A．principle B．concept C．attitude D．standard C　[句意：他那令人惊叹的态度不仅是残疾儿童的榜样，也是全世界所有孩子的榜样。A．principle 原理；B．concept观念，概念；C．attitude态度；D．standard标准。上文提到“Chris's road to this 4 accomplishment has been anything but easy.”克里斯克服困难，最终取得了伟大的成就；他坚韧不拔的态度为孩子们树立了榜样。] Ⅲ.语法填空 When it comes 1. U.S. middle school science and engineering, girls took the top five prizes at the 2019 Broadcom MASTERS, a competition for middle school students across the country. The winners were announced last month. The champion was 14­year­old Alaina Gassler who designed 2. system to make driving safer by reducing the number of blind spots, the areas that 3. (driver) cannot see outside their vehicles(交通工具), which lead to about 840，000 accidents a year nationwide. Alaina's system helps drivers see “through” a pillar(柱状物), the part of the vehicle at the front that joins the top and front window. Alaina used a camera to help drivers to see what is blocked. The camera sends video to a device that 4. (show) images on the 5. side of the pillar. The driver then can see 6. is in the blind spot. Alaina said that when she heard her name 7. (call)as the winner, she felt surprised. She told the reporter “it was so 8. (expect)”. She received a $25，000 prize for her 9. (invent). Alaina said she wanted to make improvements on her device with the money, making it easy 10. (see) in any kind of weather, or at any time of day. She also told the magazine she hoped to sell her idea. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Alaina赢得了2019年Broadcom MASTERS的冠军，对她的获奖项目、未来规划做了详细的介绍。 1．to　[考查介词。句意：说到美国的中学科学与工程，在2019年面向全国中学生的博通大师赛上，女生获得了前五名的奖项。由when it comes可知，此处应填入介词to，when it comes to表示“当谈到……”，故填to。] 2．a　[考查冠词。句意：冠军是14岁的Alaina Gassler，她设计了一个系统，通过减少盲点的数量来提高驾驶的安全性，盲点是驾驶员在车外看不到的区域，每年在全国范围内导致大约84万起事故。system为可数名词单数，此处应填入冠词，由句意可知是“一个，一种系统”，system以辅音发音开头，应用冠词a修饰名词，故填a。] 3．drivers　[考查名词的数。句意见上题解析。分析句中空处后cannot see outside their vehicles可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填drivers。] 4．shows　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：摄像头将视频发送到一个设备，该设备显示柱状物另一侧的图像。分析句子可知，空处为从句的谓语，句意描述的是设备的工作原理，时态应用一般现在时，主语为a device，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填shows。] 5．other　[考查代词。根据前文内容“Alaina's system helps drivers see ‘through’ a pillar, the part of the vehicle at the front that joins the top and front window. (阿莱娜的系统可以帮助司机‘透过’柱状物，是车辆前部连接顶部和前车窗的部分。)”结合本句句意阐述该系统的工作原理可知是显示出柱状物“另一侧”的图像，故填other。] 6．what/whatever　[考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：然后，驾驶员可以看到盲点中的任何东西。分析句子可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，结合句意可知应用what或whatever引导该从句，故填what/whatever。] 7．called　[考查非谓语动词。句意：阿莱娜说，当她听到自己的名字被称为获胜者时，她感到很惊讶。分析句子可知，heard为句子的谓语，所以call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语name之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式表被动，故填called。] 8．unexpected　[考查形容词。句意：她告诉记者“这太出乎意料了”。由系动词was以及副词so可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意，应填入unexpected表示“出乎意料的”，故填unexpected。] 9．invention　[考查名词。句意：她的发明获得了25 000美元的奖金。由形容词性物主代词her可知此处应填入名词，invent的名词为invention(发明)，故填invention。] 10．to see　[考查非谓语动词。句意：阿莱娜说，她想用这笔钱对自己的设备进行改进，使之在任何天气、任何时间都能很容易地看到。分析句子结合句意可知，空前的making it easy中的it为形式宾语，因此空处应填入动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填to see。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$