单元限时训练(3) A卷（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

单元限时训练(三)　A卷 (限时40分钟) [对应学生用书P172] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A new report connects eating eggs to an increased risk of heart disease. The results follow several earlier studies that found eating eggs was generally healthy. The study collects data from six other earlier studies. It shows a 6 percent increased risk of heart disease when the number of eggs a person ate each day increased by half an egg. Norrina Allen, an associate professor at Northwestern University said that, in the United States, eggs are generally one of the top sources of cholesterol(胆固醇) in a person's daily food. People with higher levels of cholesterol in their food are at increased risk of the development of heart disease later in life. However, Allen added that she would not say that eggs are completely unhealthy. “I'm not saying that people should take them completely out of their food，” she said. “I'm just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount.” Some experts believe the new study does not prove that eggs are causing heart disease. “Cholesterol's role in the development of heart disease has been discussed for more than 30 years，” said Bruemmer, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “This study does have clear shortcomings, including self­reporting at a single time point，” he added. Bruemmer said, “Eggs in moderation(适度) are probably acceptable from a nutritional standpoint.” “Moderation，” he added, “is less than one egg a day, including eggs in foods such as bread”． Holly Andersen, a doctor at the New York­Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, agrees that the study has “real shortcomings”. One problem Andersen has with the study is that a lot of the egg­eating people in the study also appeared to be eating much meat and processed meat. “If you're taking a lot of processed meat, it doesn't matter how many eggs you're eating，” Andersen said. Also, Andersen said, “The study can only show there is a relation between eggs eating and heart disease. But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease. It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also taking a lot of bacon.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。研究认为，吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有联系，但是有科学家对此持不同的观点，他们认为相比于肉类，鸡蛋不是引起心脏病的原因。 1．What does Norrina Allen agree with? A．Eggs are completely unhealthy. B．Eggs contain the most cholesterol. C．Eggs should be eaten in a right amount. D．Eggs have no connection with heart disease. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“just suggesting that people eat them in a proper amount”可知，Norrina Allen 并不认为人们不应该吃鸡蛋，而是应该适量吃。] 2．What is Bruemmer's attitude towards the study? A．Interested.　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Concerned. D．Hopeful. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This study does have clear shortcomings, including self­reporting at a single time point”可知，这项研究有明显的缺点，所以Bruemmer对这个研究持怀疑态度。] 3．What can we learn from Holly Andersen's words? A．Eggs and meat cannot be eaten together. B．Processed meat may cause heart disease. C．Processed meat should be avoided. D．The study is supported by evidence. B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“If you're taking a lot of processed meat，it doesn't matter how many eggs you're eating”以及最后一段可知，如果吃了大量加工过的肉类，吃鸡蛋对心脏病的影响就可以忽略不计了，因此，加工过的肉类有可能引起心脏病。] 4．What's the best title of the text? A．Do Eggs Cause Heart Disease? B．Are Eggs the Top Source of Cholesterol? C．What's the Proper Amount of Eggs Eaten? D．Is the Cholesterol to Blame for Heart Disease? A　[标题概括题。文章在第一段提出，新的研究结果表明，吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有联系，接下来文章列举了一些科学家的观点，说明了这项研究并不能证明鸡蛋会引起心脏病，因此A项最能概括本文内容，最适合作标题。] B The health of millions could be at risk because medicinal plants are being used up. These plants are used to make traditional medicine, including drugs to fight cancer. “The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster，” says Sara Oldfield, secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Most people worldwide rely on herbal(药草制的)medicines which are mostly from wild plants. But some 15，000 of the 50，000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to a report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda. Over­harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species and habitat destruction all contribute. “Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability，” the Plantlife report says. Damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it, but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized. Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew(紫衫) and the African cherry, which are used to treat some cancers. The solution, says the report's author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed. In Uganda the project has kept a sustainable supply of low­cost cancer treatments, and in China a public­run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time. “Improving health, earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants，” says Hamilton. “You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.” Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. “Not nearly enough is being done，” he told New Scientist. “We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。用于抗癌的药物大部分是从野生植物里提取，而这些野生的药用植物正濒临灭绝。这样可能会使数百万人的健康因为没药处于危险之中。野生药用植物濒临灭绝的最大的原因是过度采集，当然还有污染和来自入侵物种的竞争和栖息地的破坏。我们要保护这些野生的药用植物，让其永续利用。 5．From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that ． A．millions of people are threatened with cancer B．most countries see a shortage of herbal medicines C．about two thirds of medicinal species will disappear D．a number of medicinal species are in danger of extinction D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Most people worldwide rely on herbal medicines which are mostly from wild plants. But some 15，000 of the 50，000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to a report from the international conservation group Plantlife.(世界上大多数人依赖草药，这些草药大部分来自野生植物。但是，根据国际保护组织植物生命的一份报告，在5万种药用植物中，约有1.5万种正面临灭绝的威胁。)”可知，世界上大多数人依靠草药(主要来自野生植物)，但50 000种药用植物中有15 000种濒临灭绝。所以是有很多药用植物濒临灭绝，选项D与文意一致。] 6．What is the major factor of the loss of medicinal plants? A．Habitat destruction. B．Improper harvesting. C．Environmental pollution. D．Invasive species. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over­harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species and habitat destruction all contribute.(虽然污染和来自入侵物种的竞争和栖息地的破坏也是原因，但过度采集导致了最大的危害。)”可知，最大的原因是过度采集，选项B“Improper harvesting.(不恰当的采集)。”与文意相符。] 7．What is a useful method of protecting medicinal plants? A．Working together with the government. B．Improving people's health. C．Persuading the locals to protect them. D．Helping people earn more. C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The solution, says the report's author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. (报告的作者艾伦·汉密尔顿说，解决办法就是鼓励当地人保护这些植物。)”可知，保护这些药草的方法是鼓励当地人保护这些植物。选项C“Persuading the locals to protect them.(说服当地人保护他们。)”与文意相符。] 8．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Local people don't know how to protect medicinal plants. B．Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go. C．Ghillean Prance is optimistic about medicinal plants' future. D．China has made great progress in protecting medicinal plants. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection.‘Not nearly enough is being done ...’(伦敦皇家植物园邱园前主管吉尔琳·普朗斯也认为，药用植物需要保护。‘但现在做得还远远不够……’)”可知，药用植物需要保护，但做的还不够。由此可判断出保护这些药用植物还有很长的一段路要走。选项B“Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go.(保护药用植物还有很长的路要走。)”与文意一致。] Ⅱ.七选五 How do we rid ourselves of the negative (消极的) thoughts and return to a place of peace and acceptance? Read on for some expert­guided tips. First, don't suppress(抑制) the negative thought. “Research shows that it's important not to suppress negative thoughts as this only makes it worse. 1 Then, select a positive thought or visual to engage with in place of the negative thought that you set free，” Dr. Carla Marie Manly, and author of Joy from Fear, tells She Knows. Don't forget to breathe. “Close your eyes and breathe in for a count of four; then breathe out slowly to the count of four. When worries and stress begin to rise, be kind to yourself. 2 A worried mind gets very calm when it's focused on breathing rather than worrying，” says Manly. 3 “Just because you have a thought doesn't mean it's true. When you notice you're being hard on yourself or thinking very negatively, take a step back and question the thought you're having，” suggests Touroni. “ 4 Are you jumping to conclusions？” Try a positive message mantra(咒语). When negative thoughts get a hold on you, Manly recommends focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you. “For example, your mantra might be, ‘All will be well. 5 ’ ” Manly suggests keeping a copy of your mantra in your wallet, on your mirror, and on your desk for a handy reminder during stressful moments. A．Things will work out. B．Think of a peaceful image instead. C．Don't believe everything you think. D．And then pause to relax and breathe. E．Is there any evidence to support this? F．Can you trace back to where this all started? G．Instead, notice the negative thought and then let it float away. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种帮助摆脱消极想法的方式。 1．G　[根据本段主旨句“First, don't suppress the negative thought.(第一，不要压抑消极的想法。)”和上文“Research shows that it's important not to suppress negative thoughts as this only makes it worse.(研究表明，不要压抑消极的想法很重要，因为这只会让事情变得更糟。)”可知，我们需要做的是要去注意消极的想法。G项：Instead, notice the negative thought and then let it float away.(相反，注意消极的想法，然后让它飘走。)符合语境。] 2．D　[根据本段主旨句“Don't forget to breathe.(别忘了呼吸。)”可知，本段内容与用呼吸来放松有关，D项中的“breathe”与标题呼应。D项：And then pause to relax and breathe.(然后停下来放松和呼吸。)符合语境。] 3．C　[空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“Just because you have a thought doesn't mean it's true. When you notice you're being hard on yourself or thinking very negatively, take a step back and question the thought you're having(仅仅因为你有一个想法并不意味着它是真实的。当你注意到对自己太苛刻或想法很消极时，退后一步，质疑自己的想法)”可知，本段主要讲述要质疑自己的一些想法。C项：Don't believe everything you think.(不要相信你所想的一切。)符合语境。] 4．E　[根据上文中的“take a step back and question the thought you're having(退后一步，质疑自己提出的想法)”和下文“Are you jumping to conclusions？(你草率下结论了吗？)”可知，空处提出是否有支撑的证据。 E项：Is there any evidence to support this？(有证据支持这一想法吗？)承接上文，符合语境。] 5．A　[根据上文“When negative thoughts get a hold on you, Manly recommends focusing on a positive message or mantra that feels strong and calming for you.(当消极的想法控制你时，Manly建议专注于积极的信息或能让你感到强大和平静的咒语。)”和“All will be well.(一切都会好起来的。)”可知，空处说明所有的问题都将得到解决。A项：Things will work out.(事情将会解决的。)承接上文，符合语境。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Door­to­door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities due to the fast development of e­commerce and the fast­paced life in China. As food delivery is extremely 1 in China, it creates large amounts of waste due to the plastic containers, bags, and chopsticks that come with each 2 . This in turn has 3 great environmental concerns for the waste packaging materials. We have therefore estimated and predicted the volume of food delivery packaging waste in China. The 4 show that the total amount of packaging waste 5 from 0.2 million metric tons in 2015 to 1.5 million metric tons in 2017. Over packaging is also a(n) 6 . The food delivery packaging is not the 7 ， the better. Instead, it is the more environmental­friendly, the better. Therefore, it is high time that regulations were 8 to stop restaurants and companies from spending too much on unnecessary packaging and wrapping. Also, smart policy suggestions should be provided to 9 the pressing issues, particularly using the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle environmental­friendly practices. As the largest city in China, Shanghai has an important role in innovating and contributing to a global 10 to the problem of waste. With over 24 million people living in Shanghai, materials sustainability(可持续性), particularly that of plastics, is a great issue. 11 ， delivery companies like Saucepan have begun to 12 the plastic usage of the food delivery in Shanghai by using biodegradable(可降解的) packaging in the delivery process. 13 ， it encourages consumers to both recycle their plastic bags and stay in the business by rewarding customers for every 10 used bags that they return to the company. The more delivery services that promote sustainability, the more suppliers will see that there is a market for environmentally­friendly products. The food delivery service plays a 14 in the creation of waste in China, and innovating in this specific context can make a big 15 in the new plastics economy. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述送餐服务在城市中越来越受欢迎，而这会产生大量的塑料垃圾，这引起了人们对环保的关注，也就对新的环保经济产生了重要的影响。 1．A．unique　　　　　　　　　 B．crowded C．common D．wasteful C　[句意：由于送餐服务在中国极为普遍，每一份外卖单所附带的塑料容器、塑料袋和筷子都会造成大量的垃圾。A．unique唯一的；B．crowded拥挤的；C．common普遍的；D．wasteful浪费的。根据上文“Door­to­door food delivery service has become increasingly popular in cities”可知，送餐服务在中国极为普遍，符合语境。] 2．A．order B．need C．way D．situation A　[句意见上题解析。A．order订单；B．need需求；C．way方式；D．situation形势。根据上文由于送餐在中国极为普遍，可推知应是每一份外卖订单，故选A。] 3．A．resulted from B．contributed to C．depended on D．belonged to B　[句意：这反过来又促成了对废弃包装材料的环境关注。A．resulted from导致；B．contributed to促成；C．depended on取决于；D．belonged to属于。根据上文每一份外卖单所附带的塑料容器、塑料袋和筷子都会造成大量的浪费，可推测下文促成了对废弃包装材料的环境关注。] 4．A．reasons B．effects C．causes D．results D　[句意：结果显示，包装垃圾总量从2015年的20万公吨上升到2017年的150万公吨。A．reasons原因；B．effects影响；C．causes理由；D．results结果。根据下面的数据可知应是结果。] 5．A．fell B．rose C．varied D．differed B　[句意见上题解析。A．fell下降；B．rose上升；C．varied变化；D．differed不同于。根据下文的20万公吨到150万公吨，可知应是上升。] 6．A．consideration B．attention C．belief D．concern D　[句意：过度包装也是一个关注点。A．consideration考虑；B．attention注意；C．belief信任；D．concern关注点。根据下文“The food delivery packaging is not the 7 ， the better”可知过度包装也是问题。] 7．A．fancier B．cheaper C．higher D．lower A　[句意：食品快递的包装不是越漂亮越好。A．fancier更精致的；B．cheaper更便宜的；C．higher高级的；D．lower较低级的。根据下文“Instead, it is the more environmental­friendly, the better”可知是越环保越好，而不是越精致越好。] 8．A．observed B．broken C．adopted D．banned C　[句意：因此，现在是时候采取规定来阻止餐馆和公司在不必要的包裹和包装上花费太多。A．observed观察；B．broken打破；C．adopted采用；D．banned禁止。根据下文阻止餐馆和公司在不必要的包裹和包装上花费太多，可知是采取规定符合语境。] 9．A．deliver B．reflect C．improve D．handle D　[句意：此外，亦应提供明智的政策建议，以处理紧迫的问题，特别是采用“减量、再用及循环再用”的环保措施。A．deliver递送；B．reflect反映；C．improve提高；D．handle处理。根据下文“the pressing issues”可知应是处理紧迫的问题。] 10．A．situation B．success C．solution D．way C　[句意：作为中国最大的城市，上海在创新和为全球解决垃圾问题作出贡献方面扮演着重要角色。A．situation形势；B．success成功；C．solution解决办法；D．way方式。根据下文的垃圾问题，可知应该是解决办法，符合语境。] 11．A．On the contrary B．In all C．As a result D．For example D　[句意：例如，在上海，像Saucepan这样的快递公司已经开始通过在快递过程中使用可生物降解的包装来减少食品快递的塑料使用量。A．On the contrary相反；B．In all总共；C．As a result结果是；D．For example举例。根据上文上海有超过2 400万人口，材料的可持续性，尤其是塑料，是一个大问题，可知这里是举例说明上海在解决垃圾问题中的例子。] 12．A．increase B．permit C．reduce D．forbid C　[句意见上题解析。A．increase增加；B．permit允许；C．reduce降低；D．forbid禁止。根据下文“by using biodegradable packaging in the delivery process”可推测是用来降低塑料的使用量。] 13．A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Instead B　[句意：此外，它鼓励消费者回收他们的塑料袋，并通过对向公司返回10个使用过袋子的顾客进行奖励的方法，以继续经营。A．However然而；B．Besides此外；C．Therefore因此；D．Instead反而。根据上下文可知是递进，并进一步说明Saucepan快递公司降低塑料的使用量。] 14．A．desire B．role C．concern D．job B　[句意：外卖服务在中国垃圾的产生中扮演着重要角色，在这一特定的背景下进行创新可以在新的塑料经济中产生很大的影响。A．desire渴望；B．role作用；C．concern关心；D．job工作。根据上文可知，食品配送服务会造成很多垃圾，所以应该是食品配送服务在中国废物的创造中起作用，符合语境。] 15．A．comment B．impact C．opportunity D．challenge B　[句意见上题解析。A．comment评论；B．impact影响；C．opportunity机会；D．challenge挑战。根据上文促进可持续发展的送货服务越多，供应商就越会看到环保产品的市场，因此在这一特定的背景下进行创新可以在新的塑料经济中产生很大的影响。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$