单元检测卷(3)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

单元检测卷(三) [对应学生用书P179] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The world has seen many inventions. While most people are proud of those associate with their names, there are things making inventors feel the other way. The pop­up(弹出) advert, by Ethan Zuckerman Pop­up ads are convenient for those who are interested, but most people get annoyed when they are on computers. They may contain computer viruses. Just as we would blame the inventor, the man humbly accepted his invention isn't one of the best. In his essay, Zuckerman wrote about the most hateful thing, “I wrote the code to launch the window and run an ad in it.” The emoticon, by Scott E．Fahlman Emoticons began to occupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great popularity, especially with young men. It had been four years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a computer message. He created the emoticon as a joke marker. But things are different. “It has gone to places I don't approve of，” he complained to The Wall Street Journal in 2013.“It shouldn't have been created.” The office cubicle(隔间), by Bob Propst In 1968, Bob Propst came up with the idea—office cubicles, something that “would build a futuristic and tidy office style with no real walls or doors and provide a more comfortable environment”. But the man has come to hate what he has invented, as Propst recalled to Fortune at age 80, “They've changed and just become cubicles.” The K­Cup, by John Sylvan It seems everyone has a Keurig coffee maker for K­Cups. John Sylvan invented the K­Cup, aimed at facilitating office life of white­collar workers. Now it's common in houses and companies. However, the single­serve plastic coffee cups aren't eco­friendly. “I feel bad sometimes that I ever did it，” Sylvan admits. But! Good news for Mr Sylvan: Keuring now offers varieties of recyclable K­Cups. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了几种让发明者感到后悔的发明。 1．When was the emoticon invented? A．In 2007.　　　　　　　　 B．In 2009. C．In 2011. D．In 2013. A　[推理判断题。由第三段中的“Emoticons began to occupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great popularity, especially with young men. It had been four years since Fahlman first used a ‘smiley face’ in a computer message.(表情符号在2011年开始疯狂占据屏幕，并获得了极大的人气，尤其是在年轻男性中。法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用‘笑脸’已经过去四年了。)”可知，表情符号开始占据屏幕是2011年，而法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了，由此可以推出第一次出现表情符应是2007年的时候。] 2．Which one was created for office workers' convenience? A．The pop­up advert. B．The emoticon. C．The office cubicle. D．The K­Cup. D　[细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It seems everyone has a Keurig coffee maker for K­Cups. John Sylvan invented the K­Cup, aimed at facilitating office life of white­collar workers.(似乎每个人都有一个K­Cup的Keurig咖啡机。 约翰·塞尔万发明了K­Cup，旨在方便白领的办公室生活。)”可知，K­Cup是为了方便白领的办公生活而发明的。] 3．What do the above inventions have in common? A．They benefit human life greatly. B．Their creators are blamed by the public. C．Their inventors feel regretful. D．They are very popular with young people. C　[推理判断题。由第二段中的“Just as we would blame the inventor, the man humbly accepted his invention isn't one of the best.(就像我们会责备发明者一样，这个人谦卑地接受了他的发明不是最好的。)”，第三段中的“It shouldn't have been created.(它不应该被创造。)”，第四段中的“But the man has come to hate what he has invented(但是这个人已经开始憎恨他所发明的东西)”以及第五段中的“I feel bad sometimes that I ever did it(有时我为自己做过的事感到内疚)”可知，这四个发明的共同点是发明者都感到后悔。] B (2022·全国乙卷)The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡ 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡ 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk­based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国政府通过对部分软饮料征收含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率，并直接将税收用于改进学校体育设施和保证更健康的饮食。 4．Why was the sugar tax introduced? A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks. C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.”可知，征收含糖税是为了保护孩子的健康。] 5．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products' sugar content. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，一些饮料制造商为了避免缴含糖税，降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。] 6．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk­based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke. D　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola”以及“Fruit juices，milk­based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax”可知，果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精饮料是免征含糖税的，而可口可乐公司是一些高含糖量饮料的生产商，由此推断出Classic Coke是需要缴含糖税的。] 7．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A．It is a short­sighted decision. B．It is a success story. C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可以推测出含糖税的征收是一个成功的案例。] C A customer stands on the other side of the counter at my work, eyeing the menu. “The food here is so caloric，” she complains, and then looks at me. “You don't eat here, do you? It certainly doesn't look like it.” My face turned red. I'm not quite used to how others see me. Since June 2018, I've lost almost 50 pounds. When I made the choice to change my body physically, everyone around me told me that I would be happier: Skinny meant pretty, and pretty meant happy and satisfied. After looking through dozens of before­and­after changes on Instagram and other social media, I was more eager to make myself smaller, to better fit into the world. But none of that happened. I didn't feel more whole, or more peaceful. More than anything, I felt lied to. Human health is unbelievably complex, and there's so much more to our well­being than caloric balance. For several months, I often felt very tired and got angry easily, convinced that my body was a machine and I had to hard­wire it to look as physically perfect as possible. But at the end of the day, I realized that saying no to my body's natural desire only left me feeling upset. Our world is filled with losing weight. Nearly every time I listen to the radio, I hear some ads criticizing empty promises of giving you a better body, achieved only by this gym membership/this prepackaged Keto shake/this waist trainer. These all live by the same message: That food is dangerous, and the less we eat, the better off we are. In extreme cases, this message can lead to eating disorders, which will affect over 30 million people in their lifetimes, according to the Body Image Therapy Center. These ideas could not be further from the truth. We eat food for a reason: It gives us energy, it keeps our body functioning, and it makes us human. I urge everybody to adopt a diet based on sustainability(可持续发展), to eat for energy, based on what makes us happy. We all deserve healthy relationships with food and mindful eating is the best place to start. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章表达了作者对于减肥的独到见解，阐述了我们应该与食物建立健康的关系，用心饮食是最好的起点的减肥道理。 8．How did the author feel when hearing the customer's words? A．Quite proud. B．A bit angry. C．Rather guilty. D．A little embarrassed. D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘The food here is so caloric，’ she complains, and then looks at me. ‘You don't eat here, do you? It certainly doesn't look like it.’ My face turned red.(‘这里的食物热量太高了，’她抱怨道，然后看着我。‘你们不是在这儿吃的吧？看起来当然不像。’我的脸变红了。)”以及第二段中的“I'm not quite used to how others see me.(我不太习惯别人怎么看我。)”可以推断，听到顾客的话，作者有些尴尬。] 9．Why did the author desire more strongly to lose weight later? A．She was laughed at by others. B．She got encouragement from her family. C．She was attracted by pictures on the Internet. D．She got tired easily when being overweight. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After looking through dozens of before­and­after changes on Instagram and other social media, I was more eager to make myself smaller, to better fit into the world. (在看了Instagram和其他社交媒体上的几十个前后变化后，我更渴望把自己变痩，更好地融入这个世界。)”可知，因为作者被网上的图片所吸引，所以更强烈地渴望减肥。] 10．What did the author think of her weight loss experience? A．It made her disbelieve others. B．It did harm to her well­being. C．It helped lift her confidence a bit. D．It taught her about determination. B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But none of that happened. I didn't feel more whole, or more peaceful. More than anything, I felt lied to.(但什么也没有发生。我并没有感到更完整，更平静。最重要的是，我觉得自己被骗了。)”根据第三段中的“But at the end of the day, I realized that saying no to my body's natural desire only left me feeling upset.(但是在一天结束的时候，我意识到对我身体的自然欲望说不，只会让我感到沮丧。)”可以推断，作者减肥的经历损害了她的健康。] 11．What is the problem with the ads mentioned according to the author? A．They are far from creative. B．They hurt human's relationships with food. C．They cause many people to do too much exercise. D．They mislead some youths into having wrong ideas of beauty. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“These all live by the same message: That food is dangerous, and the less we eat, the better off we are. In extreme cases, this message can lead to eating disorders, which will affect over 30 million people in their lifetimes, according to the Body Image Therapy Center.(这些人都秉持着同样的信条：食物是危险的，我们吃得越少越好。根据身体形象治疗中心的研究，在极端情况下，这一信息可能会导致饮食失调，超过3 000万人在一生中会受到影响。)”可知，这些广告伤害了人类与食物的关系。] D In 2018 measles(麻疹) infected almost 10 million people around the world and killed 420. Countries that achieved high vaccination(疫苗接种) rates or had formerly eradicated the disease also failed to have a narrow escape. Fortunately, apart from troublesome measles, many inspirational global health stories happened in the last decade, new viruses, vaccines, and treatments were discovered, once again showing the significance of science. Huge progress was made in virus research. For instance, a kind of virus named Medusavirus, which can turn an amoeba, a kind of single­celled living creature, into a “stone”， was identified by Japanese scientists. The virus has one of the largest and most complicated viral genomes(基因组) that have ever been found. Besides, a new virus, Alongshan virus, was discovered in a group of patients in Inner Mongolia. Researchers also found for the first time that an insect RNA virus, the Providence virus, was able to infect plants and mammalian cells, which indicated that plants could serve as hosts of human viruses. We also saw improvement in treatments and vaccines. Ebola virus is a good case in point. According to the Royal Free Hospital in Britain, the drug MIL77, which had been developed by Academy of Military Medical Sciences, an institution in China, jointly with some other companies, was adopted to treat a Briton infected with the disease and helped her recover from the deadly virus. This has indicated China's capability of offering an economical and practical drug fighting Ebola virus worldwide. Furthermore, the Chinese and British medical research teams have worked on genome sequencing of the virus, making it possible to develop drugs and vaccines that are more effective. Therefore, Ebola is no longer a death sentence. Thanks to investment in global supervision transnational partnership, and scientific research, many new viruses, vaccines, and treatments were successfully discovered in the last decade. But the journey will continue and much more needs to be done. For example, we need to have a deeper understanding of how climate change influences the spread of infectious diseases. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了科学进步在全球人类健康以及战胜病毒方面的重要作用。 12．What does the underlined word “eradicated” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Got rid of. B．Conducted research on. C．Lost control of. D．Come down with. A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Countries that achieved high vaccination rates or had formerly eradicated the disease also failed to have a narrow escape.(那些实现了高疫苗接种率或以前eradicated 该疾病的国家也未能幸免于难。)”可知，接种过疫苗或者之前消除过病毒的国家也难逃麻疹病毒的侵袭，由“achieved high vaccination”和also可以推断此处eradicated意为“除掉”，A选项get rid of和它意思接近。] 13．What is true about the Providence virus? A．It is a newly identified virus. B．It has the largest viral genome. C．It was discovered in Inner Mongolia. D．It can infect both plants and humans. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Researchers also found for the first time that an insect RNA virus, the Providence virus, was able to infect plants and mammalian cells, which indicated that plants could serve as hosts of human viruses.(研究人员还首次发现，一种名为普罗维登斯病毒的昆虫RNA病毒能够感染植物和哺乳动物细胞，这表明植物可以充当人类病毒的宿主。)”可知，Providence病毒既感染人又感染植物。] 14．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．MIL77 is an effective Ebola vaccine. B．No death will be caused by Ebola virus anymore. C．China has made great contributions to fighting Ebola virus. D．Genome sequencing of Ebola virus is too complicated to be carried out. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This has indicated China's capability of offering an economical and practical drug fighting Ebola virus worldwide. Furthermore, the Chinese and British medical research teams have worked on genome sequencing of the virus, making it possible to develop drugs and vaccines that are more effective.(这表明中国有能力在全球范围内提供一种经济实用的对抗埃博拉病毒的药物。此外，中英两国医学研究团队还开展了病毒基因组测序工作，为开发更有效的药物和疫苗提供了可能。)”可知，中国对战胜埃博拉病毒做出了很大贡献。] 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Science Keeps Improving Global Health B．A Victory over Deadly Diseases C．Global Cooperation in Fighting Viruses D．Serious Global Health Problems A　[标题概括题。根据第二段“Fortunately, apart from troublesome measles, many inspirational global health stories happened in the last decade, new viruses, vaccines, and treatments were discovered, once again showing the significance of science.(幸运的是，除了令人烦恼的麻疹，在过去的十年里发生了许多鼓舞人心的全球健康故事，新的病毒、疫苗和治疗方法被发现，再次表明了科学的重要性。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要讲的是科学对于全球健康问题的重大意义。所以A选项“Science Keeps Improving Global Health(科学不断改善全球健康)”适合作为文章标题。] Ⅱ.七选五 Take Care of Your Eyes Many of us don't pay attention to the importance of eye care. It's said that if you take care of your body, then you can be healthy. 16 Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several reasons leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, gene (基因) and aging. 17 If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can lead to redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. 18 For example, sunglasses are not just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays. Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, 19 20 Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. A．What can you do to catch your eye? B．such behavior will do harm to our eyes. C．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. D．his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. E．All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. F．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. G．Televisions, computers and reading are also the reasons of having poor eyesight. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了眼睛护理的重要性和方法。 16．C　[根据上文“It's said that if you take care of your body, then you can be healthy.(据说如果你照顾好你的身体，你就会健康。)”可猜测，这就是照顾眼睛的原因。C选项“That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care.”(这就是为什么我们的眼睛应该得到很多照顾。)符合题意。] 17．G　[根据前文“There are several reasons leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, gene and aging.(导致视力不好的原因有很多，比如食物不足，基因和衰老。)”以及下文“If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while.(如果你正好在电脑前工作，最好每隔一段时间就休息一下。)”可知，电脑等电子设备也会导致视力不好。G选项“Televisions, computers and reading are also the reasons of having poor eyesight.”(电视、电脑和阅读也是视力下降的原因。)符合题意。] 18．F　[根据下文“For example, sunglasses are not just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.(例如，太阳镜不仅是时尚，还能保护你的视力免受紫外线伤害。)”可知，我们要采取办法保护眼睛。F选项“You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things.(你也必须尽力保护你的眼睛免受有害东西的伤害。)”符合题意。] 19．D　[根据上文“If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food(如果一个人经常锻炼，吃正确的食物)”以及上文“Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight.(吃健康的食物对你的视力有好处。)”可知，这样对视力有好处。D选项“his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.”(他的眼睛将长时间保持良好的状态。)符合题意。] 20．E　[根据下文“Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.(一直保持快乐对一个人的视力也有帮助。总之，眼睛的护理是非常重要的，不管一个人多大年纪。)”可知，最后一段是对上述护眼方法的总结。E选项“All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes.”(以上都是天然的护眼方法，帮助我们保持眼睛健康。)符合题意。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Do Brain Training Games Work? With an ageing population worried about cognitive(认知的) decline, brain training apps have soared in popularity. Search “brain training”， and you will find 21 apps and websites promising to make you mentally agile(敏捷的). In the same way that we might go to the gym to exercise, a daily mental 22 is said to produce physical changes in the brain. All you will have to do is to 23 a few minutes each day to complete puzzles, memory games and word quizzes. At least that's the idea. And there are a lot of people who are 24 into it. In 2018, consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps—a fourfold increase from 2012.Of course, smartphones were not the original home for brain training games. 25 ， Nintendo recently released its fourth all­time best­selling game, Brain Age, and brought it to the Switch in Japan last month. The idea of improving mental fitness clearly has widespread appeal, but is it based on scientific evidence or 26 marketing promises? In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity published an open letter 27 by 69 international neuroscientists(神经科学家) and cognitive psychologists. There is no convincing scientific evidence, the experts argued, that playing brain games improves cognitive abilities in everyday life. Two years later, another team of psychologists reviewed every scientific study cited by major brain training companies 28 their products. They questioned not only how the evidence had been reported and interpreted, but the way many of the studies had been designed. The 29 included small sample sizes, inadequate control groups, and cherry­picking(挑选最有利的) research outcomes to 30 . If the science is so 31 flawed(错误的), why do people feel the need to train their brains with these apps and games? That's 32 ， according to Til Wykes, a professor at King's College London. Nintendo's Brain Age game, for instance, assigns players a score based on their gaming performance. They might start with a “brain age” score of 60 and after a few weeks of 33 ， will be told they have reduced it to 40. For some people, there is clearly some positive reward for seeing themselves improve over time. Wykes stresses， 34 ， that for people who are really worried about their cognition, learning a new language would be more beneficial, which has been shown to improve brain 35 . [语篇解读]　 这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用数据、科学报告，事例等方式，论述了脑力训练游戏对提高大脑的认知能力是否有用的问题。 21．A．endless B．advanced C．protective D．imaginary A　[句意：搜索“大脑训练”，你会发现不计其数的应用程序和网站，承诺让你在思想上变得敏捷。A．endless不计其数的，无止境的；B．advanced先进的；C．protective保护的；D．imaginary想象的。根据前文的“brain training apps have soared in popularity”可知，大脑训练类的应用程序人气急升，很受欢迎，由此可推断出，当你搜索“大脑训练”时，你会发现不计其数的应用程序。] 22．A．outcome B．tryout C．workout D．outlook C　[句意：就像我们可能去健身房锻炼一样，每天的智力上的练习据说会使大脑产生生理变化。A．outcome结果，成果；B．tryout试验，试用；C．workout锻炼，练习；D．outlook观点。根据前文的“go to the gym to exercise”可知，上文指的是去健身房进行身体上的锻炼，空格处指的是进行智力上的练习。] 23．A．set out B．set back C．set off D．set aside D　[句意：你所要做的就是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏、记忆游戏和字谜游戏。A．set out出发，启程；B．set back使推迟；C．set off使爆炸；D．set aside留出。根据前文的“a daily mental 22 ”可知，每天要进行智力上的练习，由此可推断出是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏等练习。] 24．A．buying B．engaging C．overlooking D．inquiring A　[句意：至少这是个主意。而且有很多人都在为它买账。A．buying买；B．engaging吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；C．overlooking忽视；D．inquiring询问。根据后文的“consumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps”可知，消费者在大脑训练应用程序上花费了很多钱，由此可推断出，很多人都在为这个主意买账，“buy into”意为“买入”。] 25．A．By contrast B．For instance C．Of course D．In conclusion B　[句意：例如，任天堂最近发布了第四款有史以来最畅销的游戏Brain Age，并于上个月在日本的游戏机上发布。A．By contrast相比之下；B．For instance例如；C．Of course当然；D．In conclusion总而言之。上文说大脑训练游戏并不只是出现在智能手机上，空格后举例，大脑训练游戏也出现在游戏机上，例如任天堂最近发布的Brain Age，由此可推断出，空格处是在举例，For instance意为“例如”，符合语境。] 26．A．reliable B．precious C．secret D．empty D　[句意：改善智力健康的想法显然具有广泛的吸引力，但它是基于科学证据还是空洞的营销承诺？A．reliable可信赖的；B．precious宝贵的；C．secret秘密的；D．empty空洞的。根据句中“scientific evidence”和连词“or”可知，作者这里是在提出疑问，这种想法是基于“科学证据”还是“空洞的营销承诺”，“empty”意为“空洞的”，与前文的科学证据形成对比。] 27．A．signed B．secured C．received D．sought A　[句意：2014年，斯坦福长寿研究中心发表了一封由69位国际神经科学家和认知心理学家签署的公开信。A．signed签署；B．secured获得，取得；C．received收到；D．sought寻找，寻求。根据后文内容可知，专家们认为，没有令人信服的科学证据表明玩脑力游戏可以提高日常生活中的认知能力。由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们“签署”了这份公开信，向公众公开这一看法，signed意为“签署”，动词词性。] 28．A．in presence of B．in support of C．in case of D．in memory of B　[句意：两年后，另一组心理学家回顾了主要的大脑培训公司为支持他们的产品而引用的每项科学研究。A．in presence of在……面前；B．in support of支持；C．in case of如果发生……；D．in memory of纪念……。根据句中“scientific study”可知，引用科学研究是为了“支持”他们的产品，in support of意为“支持”，符合语境。] 29．A．expectation B．solution C．criticism D．standard C　[句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果。A．expectation预料，预期；B．solution解决办法；C．criticism批评；D．standard标准。根据后文的“small sample sizes”和“inadequate control groups”可知，下文说的是这些公司引用的科学研究存在着“样本量小”和“控制组不足”的问题，由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们针对这些研究的“批评”。] 30．A．report B．design C．produce D．negotiate A　[句意见上题解析。A．report报告；B．design设计；C．produce生产；D．negotiate谈判，协商。根据句中“cherry­picking research outcomes”可知，应该是挑选最有利的研究成果去“报告”，这样才能让人们相信公司的产品。] 31．A．effortlessly B．temporarily C．seriously D．unfairly C　[句意：如果它所引用的科学有如此严重的错误，为什么人们觉得有必要用这些应用程序和游戏来训练大脑呢？A．effortlessly毫不费力地；B．temporarily临时地；C．seriously严重地；D．unfairly不公平地。上文提到这些公司所引用的科学研究存在着样本量小，控制组不足，以及择优报告研究结果的问题，由此可推断出，它所引用的科学是“严重地”错误的。] 32．A．dependable B．understandable C．comparable D．achievable B　[句意：King's College London的教授Til Wykes认为，这是可以理解的。A．dependable可靠的；B．understandable可以理解的；C．comparable类似的，可比较的；D．achievable可达到的。下文Til Wykes以任天堂的Brain Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，这里Til Wykes认为人们的这种行为是“可以理解的”。] 33．A．experiment B．theory C．practice D．performance C　[句意：他们可能一开始的“大脑年龄”得分为60分，经过几周的练习，他们会被告知已经将其降至40分。A．experiment实验；B．theory理论；C．practice练习；D．performance表演。根据上文“Nintendo's Brain Age game”可知，这里是以任天堂的Brain Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，游戏应该是通过“练习”，使自己的大脑年龄更年轻。] 34．A．altogether B．therefore C．however D．likewise C　[句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担心自己认知能力的人来说，学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A．altogether完全，全部；B．therefore因此；C．however然而；D．likewise同样地。根据下文“learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，Wykes强调，比起玩游戏，学习一门新语言对改善大脑功能更有益处，由此可推断出，这里Wykes的观点和上文“用应用程序和游戏来训练大脑”的观点为转折关系，故应用however。] 35．A．movement B．cooperation C．evaluation D．function D　[句意见上题解析。A．movement运动，移动；B．cooperation合作；C．evaluation评价，估计；D．function功能。本文主要讲的是如何提高大脑的认知能力，根据句中“learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，空格处指的是学习一门新语言能够对改善大脑“功能”更有益处。] Ⅳ.语法填空 Climate change has been a hot topic nowadays. There is little doubt 36. the Earth is getting warmer and warmer. Evidence has shown that it has had 37. (great) affected the Earth's ecology，38. (cause) both serious damage and human death. Thus, it is our 39. (responsible) to take immediate measures to deal with it. Although I 40. (turn) down by Captain Shackleton, I decided to go aboard his ship secretly. I hid myself in the cupboard on the ship. After I was discovered three days later, Captain Shackleton hired me 41. a steward to serve meals for the crew. I felt very honored to work for Shackleton，42. a reputation as an explorer was widely recognized. 43． (understand) Western art better, we need to spend some time looking at the development of Western painting over the centuries. During the Middle Ages, there were many famous artists, Giotto di Bondone was a 44. (represent). He began to care more about real people instead of religious contents. 45． ， his paintings were set apart from the paintings in the early stage of the Middle Ages. [语篇解读]　这是三篇文章的片段连接。第一段说明气候变化是当今的一个热门话题。第二段记叙了一个人偷偷跑去做船员的故事。第三段讲述了西方绘画的发展历史。 36．that　[考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和。There is little doubt that是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，作doubt的同位语。故填that。] 37．greatly　[考查副词。句意：有证据表明，它极大地影响了地球的生态，造成了严重的破坏和人的死亡。修饰动词affected应用副词。故填greatly。] 38．causing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，非谓语动词cause和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表结果，相当于定语从句。故填causing。] 39．responsibility　[考查名词。句意：因此，我们有责任立即采取措施来处理它。根据前文形容词性物主代词our可知，此处应用responsible的名词形式responsibility，作表语，此处为抽象名词，不可数。故填responsibility。] 40．was turned　[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尽管我被沙克尔顿船长拒绝了，我还是决定秘密登上他的船。分析句子可知，谓语动词短语turn down“拒绝”和主语I之间是被动关系，用被动语态(be done)，根据后文decided可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词用过去式，am的过去式为was，故填was turned。] 41．as　[考查介词。句意：三天后我被发现，沙克尔顿船长雇我当乘务员，为全体船员提供食物。根据前文“hired me”以及后文“a steward”可知，hire sb. as意为“雇用某人担任”，此处介词as“当作”符合句意。故填as。] 42．because　[考查连词。句意：为沙克尔顿工作我感到非常荣幸，因为作为一个探险家的声誉是被广泛认可的。后文“a reputation as an explorer was widely recognized”和前文“I felt very honored to work for Shackleton”存在因果关系，后文是前文的原因。故填because。] 43．To understand　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更好地理解西方艺术，我们需要花一些时间来看看西方绘画在这几个世纪中的发展。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语表目的，大写句子第一个单词的首字母，故填To understand。] 44．representative　[考查名词。句意：中世纪有许多著名的艺术家，乔托·迪·邦多内就是其中的代表。根据前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用represent的名词representative的单数形式，作表语。故填representative。] 45．Therefore　[考查副词。句意：因此，他的绘画与中世纪早期的绘画是有区别的。后文“his paintings were set apart from the paintings in the early stage of the Middle Ages”和前文“He began to care more about real people instead of religious contents.”存在因果关系，有逗号隔开。故填Therefore。] Ⅴ.写作 第一节　应用文写作 假定你是校学生会主席李华，最近，你注意到校园中存在乱扔垃圾、浪费资源等现象。请你给校报英语专栏写一封倡议书，呼吁大家共建一个环保型校园。内容包括： 1．倡议的目的； 2．采取的措施； 3．你的希望。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The Students' Union [参考范文] Dear fellow students， Recently it's common to see some uncivilized practices on campus such as littering and wasting resources.I，on behalf of Students' Union，would like to call on everyone to contribute to an eco­friendly campus. Firstly，we should make recycling as easy as possible.A simple way to do this is bearing garbage classification in mind，throwing different kinds of waste into different dustbins.Secondly，conserve water，electricity and paper.For example，turn off the tap and the lights when not in use，and reuse used paper on the back，thus reducing waste of resources. Let's make the campus a greener place! Only through joint efforts can we achieve this goal. The Students' Union 第二节　读后续写 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 “Do you forget to bring your homework to school？” my sixth­grade math teacher asked. I nodded my head and said in a low voice, “Yes, sir.” What a mistake I had made! I had completed my math homework. But when I headed for school, I forgot to put it into my schoolbag. Now my homework is still lying on the desk at home. “You will have a zero then，” math teacher said. I was shocked. I had never received a zero in a math class before. But the school had rules, and the teacher had to let everyone follow them. I was immediately worried about my final math average, which was based on my homework and the tests. Would I get a C or even a D at the end of the term? If so, what should I do? My next class was a gym class. As I walked down the hall with my classmates, all those feelings rushed out in hot tears. I wiped them away as quickly as I could. But when we entered the gym and sat down in our spots on the floor, it was clear to everyone around me that I had been crying. My gym teacher, Ms. Brown, was an athletic teacher, often with a smile on her face. Her class was a good mix of calisthenics(健美体操) and games that give us all a good workout. And Ms. Brown was nice and compassionate(有同情心的). She loved her students and often came to help if the students were in trouble. During that gym class, my mind was affected by the math homework and I was worried about my final math average. So I failed to devote my attention to Ms. Brown's direction. And clearly, I was sad. I guessed that Ms. Brown found there was something wrong with me. When it was near the end of the gym class, she walked to me. Paragraph 1： She sat down to comfort me. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Paragraph 2： I felt relaxed and decided to work harder at math. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [参考范文] Paragraph 1： She sat down to comfort me. “Are you okay？” she asked. I told her about my trouble.Then Ms. Brown said to me, “We all make mistakes.” She told me what happened to her several days ago. I was surprised that she also made mistakes since I had thought she was perfect. She told me the world didn't end because I got a zero in a math class and encouraged me to study hard. Paragraph 2： I felt relaxed and decided to work harder at math. In math classes, I paid more attention to the teacher's lectures. After reaching home after school, I would do the math homework more carefully. And I left notes to remind me not to forget to bring my homework to school again. At the end of that term, based on my good daily performances and test scores, my final math average was an A．This experience taught me a lesson: as long as we learn from mistakes, we're making progress. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$