UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P63] 现在完成进行时 观察下面句子，说出画线部分的时态。 1．(2021·天津卷)The last few years have been exciting because I've been following my heart to do what I love. 2．(2021·全国乙卷)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 3．[教材P30]　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 4．[教材P31]　Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. 5．In 1996, I moved to Canada with my husband and I have been living there since then. 6．She has been performing concerts every day since last month. 7．You have been saying this for five years. 8．I have seen the film. 9．I have been reading the book. 10．They have known each other since childhood. [自我归纳]　 1、2、3、4、5、6、7、9句用了现在完成进行时；8、10句用了现在完成时。 由以上各句可知，现在完成进行时的构成为：have/has＋been＋动词的现在分词。现在完成时的构成为：have/has＋动词的过去分词。 一、基本用法 现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成，表示某一动作在过去某一时间发生，一直延续到现在，有可能到此为止，也有可能继续下去。现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。 (1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。 They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里10年了。 I have been waiting for you about half an hour. 我等你大概半个小时了。 (2)表示动作的反复性。 They have been discussing the matter several times this year. 他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。 (3)表示某种感情色彩。 I have been waiting to see you for a long time. 长久以来，我一直等着见你。 [名师点津]　表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 我认识他已经好几年了。 I have known him for years.(√) I have been knowing him for years.(×) 二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 1．现在完成时所表示的动作到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过但对现在仍有影响；而现在完成进行时则表示动作在过去发生，但现在仍在继续，侧重未完成。 I've dialed four times; I don't think anyone is in the office. 我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。 I've been dialing; I don't think anyone is in the office. 我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。 2．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？ 3．现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实) 4．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如表示状态的动词be, have, exist等；表示感情的动词like, love等；表示感觉的动词see, hear, know等。 He has had a cold for a week. 他已经感冒一周了。 I have liked jazz since I was a teenager. 从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。 I have known her for a long time. 我认识她已经很长时间了。 5．有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay, wait, lie, sleep等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多，只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。 How long have you worked/been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了？ I've lived/been living here since 2008. 自2008年以来我就一直住在这儿。 6．与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。 7．现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若一定要用，可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。 The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。Usage要点拾遗 [对应学生用书P64] 1．equip vt.配备；使有能力 [教材P34]　I was equipped with an artificial hand, but it did not feel like part of me. 我装了一只假手，但感觉它不像我的一部分。 (1)equip ...with ...用……装备…… be equipped with装备着…… equip ...for sth./to do sth.为了……而装备 (2)equipment n．装备；设备(不可数名词) a piece of equipment一件设备 (1)(2021·浙江卷)At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. 到目前为止，我们还不清楚为什么狗似乎具有识别人类不同面部表情的能力。 (2)Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence. 具备了必要的知识和技能后， 这个年轻人满怀信心地去了就业市场。 (3)As far as I know, he is equipped with much experience in teaching. 据我所知， 他具有丰富的教学经验。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①(2021·天津卷)We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment(equip) and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless. ②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life. ③Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. ④Relative poverty，however，did not prevent Martin from equipping(equip) himself with an excellent education. ⑤It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak(speak). 句式升级 ⑥They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. →Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(过去分词短语作状语) 2．hold on to紧紧抓住；坚持；不放弃 [教材P34]　With my new hand, I can move my individual fingers and hold on to small things like pens and pencils. 用我的新手，我可以移动我的手指，抓住很小的东西，比如钢笔和铅笔。 (1)hold on坚持；抓紧；别挂断(电话) hold sb./sth. back挡住某人/物 (2)catch hold of抓住，握住 take hold of (on) 握住，控制住；吸引 (1)I will hold on to my dreams and never give up. 我将坚持我的梦想永不放弃。 (2)Once catch hold of the main contradiction, all questions will be readily resolved. 抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。 (3)She told the speaker to hold on while she was going to call the man he wanted to speak to. 她告诉说话的人不要挂电话，她就要去叫他想与之通话的人。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①He did not let his anger take hold of him. 他没有让怒气控制自己。 ②If they had not held him back, he would have beaten you black and blue. 如果不是他们挡住他，他已把你打得遍体鳞伤。 ③No one can hold back the wheel of history. 谁也无法阻挡历史的车轮。 ④At last he managed to catch hold of some water plants by the river bank. 最后他好不容易抓住了河边的一些水草。 1．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job. (equip) 2．I have been meeting(meet) this young man many times on my way home lately, who is most likely to be our new neighbour. 3．I have known(know) Li Wei for ten years. Now he is one of my important business partners. 4．We have been working(work) on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest. 5．Now that she is retired, Lucy has been considering (consider) going travelling abroad, but she hasn't decided yet. 6．I feel very tired now. I have been cleaning(clean) the classroom for three hours. 7．You know, I have been looking(look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 1．The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 经理自从上午9点起一直在告诉工人们如何改进项目。 2．I am tired out. I have been working the whole afternoon. 我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。 3．Too much has been happening today. 今天真是个多事的日子啊。 4．The development of China's economy has been accelerating since the 1980s. 中国的经济自20世纪80年代以来一直在加速发展。 5．Have a rest, Amy. You have been practising playing the piano all morning. 歇一会儿吧，艾米。你练钢琴练了一上午了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$