上海高二上学期期末复习模拟卷02（不含听力）-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上海）

2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末模拟卷（上海） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 1 well you take care of yourself, you may still get ill. A person can become so seriously ill that a doctor’s care is needed. A doctor may prescribe some medicine to help the body fight a disease. Medicines or drugs are harmful 2 they are misused. Some people have drugs to escape their problems. This can be very dangerous because it can lead to addition. Generally speaking, an addict cannot stop taking the drug without any treatment. The addict’s body gradually depends on the drugs. And other serious problems can stem 3 this addiction. Many addicts are victims of crimes. Another problem is called alcoholism. People can also grow 4 (addict) to alcohol. Those people are called alcoholics. Alcohol enters the bloodstream within two minutes after 5 (take). Then it 6 (send) throughout the body. Every system in the body is affected, especially the brain. Heavy alcohol can affect the heart and kidney. Perhaps it is liver 7 is the organ most seriously affected. Because of the effects, alcohol makes it difficult for people to drive. Many innocent people are killed every year by those people who drink alcohol and then drive. Smoking is another problem which affects our body. Smoking is not only dangerous to the smokers, but also dangerous to the non-smokers. Non-smokers breathe in the smoke 8 (breathe) out from smokers and the smoke from burning tobacco. There is no medical value for smoking and it really does some physical damage. For example, only one cigarette will make blood vessels turn 9 (thin) and will speed up your heartbeat. It will quickly make slow the flow of blood and air into and out of your lungs. The chances of early deaths from lung cancer are about ten times greater for smokers than for non-smokers. Smokers also increase their chances of dying early from heart and lung disease. Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco are especially harmful to people. They are harmful to unborn children because mothers who use these things 10 cause serious birth defects in their unborn children while children should have a right to live as healthy as possible. Who can insure this right? Of course, parents! Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．generous     B．statistics    C． building     D．chance     E. addition     F. contribution G. threatening H. benefit     I. further     J. highlight     K. impact Attracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 11 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater 12 on successful fund-raising.Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 13 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assist you in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly 14 donation.Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person who is in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little 15 of attracting the attention of the right staff member.And then, structure the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization’s work, and 16 a recent success story. Continue with a few general 17 to impress the contact person with your organization's efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will 18 . Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, and end by inviting the person to contact you if any   19 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions.Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their 20 was put to use. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context By 2030, 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in big cities. How all those people live, and what their lives are like, will 21 important choices leaders make today and in the coming years. Technology has the power to help people live in communities that are more 22 to their needs and that can actually improve their lives. For example, Beijing, troubled by air pollution, is testing a 23-foot-tall air 23 that cleans up smog, filters the bad particles (微粒) and releases clear air. This isn’t a vision of life in the family comedy The Jetsons. It’s real urban communities responding in real-time to changing weather, times of day and citizen needs. These efforts can cover entire communities. They can vary from monitoring traffic to keeping cars moving efficiently or measuring air 24 to warn residents when pollution levels climb. Using data and electronic sensors in this way is often 25 as building “smart cities,” which are the subject of a major push to improve how cities function. In part a response to unreasonable infrastructure (基础设施) design and urban planning of the past, smart cities 26 real-time monitoring, analysis and improvement of city decision-making. The results, supporters say, will improve efficiency, environmental sustainability and citizen engagement. Smart city projects are big investments that are supposed to drive social 27 . Decisions made early in the 28 determine what exactly will change. But most research and planning regarding smart cities is driven by the technology, 29 the needs of the citizens. Little attention is given to the social, policy and organizational changes that will be required to ensure smart cities are not just technologically comprehensive but intelligently 30 to their residents’ needs. Design will make the difference between smart city projects offering great prospect or actually increasing or even widening the existing gaps in unequal ways their cities serve residents. A key 31 of smart cities is that they create efficiency. Well-designed technology tools can 32 government agencies, the environment and residents. Smart cities can improve the efficiency of city services by finding ways to save money and streamlining workers’ responsibilities. The results can provide higher-quality at lower cost. 21．A．take over B．consist of C．depend on D．lean towards 22．A．available B．responsive C．constant D．considerable 23．A．container B．refrigerator C．purifier D．accelerator 24．A．quantity B．resistance C．concentration D．quality 25．A．referred to B．made for C．logged in D．blamed for 26．A．construct B．promise C．disturb D．reflect 27．A．transformation B．cooperation C．productivity D．regulation 28．A．position B．shape C．process D．intention 29．A．in spite of B．rather than C．in place of D．so long as 30．A．sustainable B．equivalent C．adaptive D．substantial 31．A．feature B．entrance C．ingredient D．passion 32．A．represent B．exhaust C．benefit D．approve Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Even now, I have vivid memories of my last day of high school. In my mind’s eye, I’m cleaning out my locker, and then staring at the emptiness for a few extra beats before slamming it shut for the last time. I’m wandering around the halls with my best friend, blissfully ignoring the bells going off every 50 minutes on schedule because, just today, we’re allowed to break the rules. I’m sitting on my desk, swinging my feet, and shooting the breeze (闲聊) with my English teacher, Mr. Carr, in a way that makes me feel almost grown up. It was maybe my favorite day of the whole year. Like the final layer of watercolor, the freedom and lightness I feel seeps (渗透) into the rest of my memories of that day and turns them just a shade rosier. If the school year hasn’t yet ended for you, consider what you can do to make the finale count. Why? Because when it comes to human memory, not all moments are created equal. Instead, our remembered experiences are disproportionately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best moments as well as the worst) and endings (the last moments). Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, who discovered this phenomenon, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that our judgment of a past experience is largely based on its most extreme point and its endpoint. I took advantage of the peak-end rule years ago, when my girls were young enough to want a bedtime story each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had occurred that day, I could make the last moments count. I could end on a note of calm and act like the patient mom I hadn’t quite managed to be just hours before. Don’t mistake all moments as equal insignificance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting. 33．What can the author suggest doing to make the end of a school year memorable? A．Planning a special event for the last day. B．Reflecting on the entire academic year. C．Ignoring school regulations. D．Focusing on the final exam. 34．Which statement is true about the peak-end rule? A．The last moments matter the most in our memories. B．Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings. C．The peaks and ends of experiences are easier to remember. D．Our judgment of the past is determined by first impressions. 35．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．What struggles the author had in life. B．How the author treated her daughters. C．Why the author read stories to her kids. D．How the author applied the rule to daily life. 36．Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the importance of doing sports. B．To explain why last impressions are lasting. C．To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. D．To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. B Top Scientists Take Sides Famous Inducers (Experiment> ) Gregor Mendel(1822-1884) Mendel spent years recording variations in the appearance of peas and other living things. By analysing this data, he identified mathematical laws that govern genetics. Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic. Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) During an experiment, Rutherford noted that energetic particles could pass easily through thin metal foil (箔). From this evidence he formulated a scientific law: the atom is mostly empty space. Famous Deducers (Theory> Experiment) Isaac Newton(1643-1727) Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!) Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. Only later did he perform calculations to prove that his idea, “universal gravitation,” was true. Democritus(c. 460-370 B．C． ) Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” Democritus had no means to test his theory. But later experimenters proved atoms are real. Alfred Wegener(1880-1930) Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent. Over many years, many disciplines including geology and fossilology would finally prove that his theory of “continental drift” is accurate. 37．Which of the following best define “Inducers” and “Deducers” according to the poster? A．Inducers are those who arrive at a conclusion based on theories. B．Inducers prefer to make experiments to prove some relative theories. C．Deducers usually do more experiments than develop theories. D．Deducers tend to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning or inference. 38．Which of the following is True according to the poster? A．Mendel recognised mathematical laws governing genetics by farming. B．Newton proposed the idea “universal gravitation” by observing the falling of apples. C．It was Fleming who made the discovery of the first effective antibiotic. D．Alfred Wegener created the theory of “continental drift” after he found rich evidence. 39．Where can this poster most probably be seen? A．In a university lecture. B．In a physics textbook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an advertisement. C The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. 40．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ______. A．the drowning of the Maine coastline B．glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea C．the irregularity of the Maine coastline D．ocean water’s flooding the mountain range 41．What does the underlined word “charge” mean in paragraph 2? A．To ask an amount of money. B．To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong. C．To rush in a particular direction. D．To pass electricity through something. 42．Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection? A．The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. B．Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks. C．On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists. D．Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life. 43．From the passage, we learn that ________. A．the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age B．there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline C．Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch D．an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Makes a Nobel Laureate? Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 44 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 45 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. 46 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 47 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 49．专家指出，错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响。(impact n.)(汉译英) 50．出身音乐世家，她从小耳濡目染各种乐器和音乐会，难怪长大后成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家。(expose) （汉译英） 51．短视频服务不仅满足了人们的娱乐需求，还拓宽了学习渠道，带来了意想不到的效果。(Not only) (汉译英) 52．与其说成功靠运气不如说靠辛勤努力。(as...as)(汉译英) VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高二学生李明。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件和你说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。请回复电子邮件给笔友，内容须包含： 1. 对此做法的态度； 2. 结合个人经历给出你的理由。 (文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第20页，共24页 试卷第1页，共24页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末模拟卷（上海） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 1 well you take care of yourself, you may still get ill. A person can become so seriously ill that a doctor’s care is needed. A doctor may prescribe some medicine to help the body fight a disease. Medicines or drugs are harmful 2 they are misused. Some people have drugs to escape their problems. This can be very dangerous because it can lead to addition. Generally speaking, an addict cannot stop taking the drug without any treatment. The addict’s body gradually depends on the drugs. And other serious problems can stem 3 this addiction. Many addicts are victims of crimes. Another problem is called alcoholism. People can also grow 4 (addict) to alcohol. Those people are called alcoholics. Alcohol enters the bloodstream within two minutes after 5 (take). Then it 6 (send) throughout the body. Every system in the body is affected, especially the brain. Heavy alcohol can affect the heart and kidney. Perhaps it is liver 7 is the organ most seriously affected. Because of the effects, alcohol makes it difficult for people to drive. Many innocent people are killed every year by those people who drink alcohol and then drive. Smoking is another problem which affects our body. Smoking is not only dangerous to the smokers, but also dangerous to the non-smokers. Non-smokers breathe in the smoke 8 (breathe) out from smokers and the smoke from burning tobacco. There is no medical value for smoking and it really does some physical damage. For example, only one cigarette will make blood vessels turn 9 (thin) and will speed up your heartbeat. It will quickly make slow the flow of blood and air into and out of your lungs. The chances of early deaths from lung cancer are about ten times greater for smokers than for non-smokers. Smokers also increase their chances of dying early from heart and lung disease. Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco are especially harmful to people. They are harmful to unborn children because mothers who use these things 10 cause serious birth defects in their unborn children while children should have a right to live as healthy as possible. Who can insure this right? Of course, parents! 【答案】 1．However 2．if 3．from 4．addicted 5．taking 6．is sent 7．that 8．breathed 9．thinner 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一个人如果滥用医生给开的治病药物的话会给身体带来害处以及药品、酒精和烟草对于人类都有哪些具体的危害。 1．考查让步状语从句。句意：不管你把自己照顾得多好，你还是有可能生病。由句意此处表示“不管；无论”，应用however引导让步状语从句，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填However。 2．考查条件状语从句。句意：药品或药物如果被滥用是有害的。此处为条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 3．考查介词。句意：其他一些严重的问题可能源于这种上瘾。固定搭配stem from“源自；由……引起”。故填from。 4．考查形容词。句意：人们也可能会对酒精上瘾。此处的grow为系动词，意为“变得”，其后应用形容词addicted“上瘾的”，作表语。故填addicted。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：酒精在服用后两分钟内进入血液。此处的after为介词，其后应用动名词，作宾语。故填taking。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然后它被输送到全身。空处应填谓语动词，主语it与send之间为被动关系，且此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用is。故填is sent。 7．考查强调句型。句意：也许肝脏是受影响最严重的器官。由句意此处为强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，强调主语liver，应用that。故填that。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：不吸烟者吸入吸烟者呼出的烟和燃烧烟草产生的烟。句子谓语动词为breathe in，所以空处应填非谓语动词形式，the smoke与所给动词breathe之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表示被动。故填breathed。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，只抽一支烟就能使血管变薄，加快心跳。由句意及空前的系动词turn以及空后的and will speed up your heartbeat可知，此处表示“抽一支烟后的血管会变得比原来薄”，应用形容词比较级，作表语。故填thinner。 10．考查情态动词。句意：它们对未出生的孩子是有害的，因为使用这些东西的母亲会导致未出生的孩子严重的出生缺陷，而孩子应该有权利尽可能健康地生活。由句意可知，此处应用情态动词can，在肯定句中can可以用来表示理论上的可能性。故填can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．generous     B．statistics    C． building     D．chance     E. addition     F. contribution G. threatening H. benefit     I. further     J. highlight     K. impact Attracting donations is a chief concern for nonprofit organizations and projects. An effective, professional donation-request letter is a necessary tool for fund-raising. Researching possible donors and 11 a database of names and organizations is one key to success, but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater 12 on successful fund-raising.Research potential donors via the Internet. Research small companies in 13 to large foundations. Sometimes a small local company will assist you in reaching your goal. A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly 14 donation.Find the appropriate contact person. Address your letter to a real person who is in a position to entitle a donation. Beginning your letter with “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Country Market” stands little 15 of attracting the attention of the right staff member.And then, structure the letter properly. Begin your letter with a vivid and readable description of your organization’s work, and 16 a recent success story. Continue with a few general 17 to impress the contact person with your organization's efficiency and effectiveness. Next, describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will 18 . Include all contact information, including telephone, fax and email, and end by inviting the person to contact you if any   19 information is needed. Finally, hand on the letter to colleagues for proofreading and suggestions.Keep careful records of donations and send thank-you letters. Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their 20 was put to use. Follow-up letters can assist in this effort. 【答案】 11．C 12．K 13．E 14．A 15．D 16．J 17．B 18．H 19．I 20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了吸引捐款是非营利组织和项目的主要关注点。列举了一些有助于吸引捐款的方式。 11．考查动词。句意：研究可能的捐赠者，建立名字和组织的数据库是成功的关键之一，但写捐赠请求信的能力对成功的筹款有更大的影响。根据“a database of names”以及句意“建立”可知应填build，用动名词形式。故选C。 12．考查名词。句意：研究可能的捐赠者，建立名字和组织的数据库是成功的关键之一，但写捐赠请求信的能力对成功的筹款有更大的影响。根据“but the ability to write a donation-request letter has an even greater”以及句意“影响。”可知应填名词impact，作宾语。故选K。 13．考查名词。句意：除了大型基金会之外，还要研究小型公司。根据“to large foundations”以及句意“除了……还”可知应填名词addition，作宾语。故选E。 14．考查形容词。句意：向一家热心公益的当地公司发出一个简单的呼吁，可能会激发一笔惊人的慷慨捐赠。根据“A simple appeal to a public-spirited local firm may inspire a surprisingly”以及句意“慷慨”可知应填形容词generous，作定语修饰名词donation。故选A。 15．考查名词。句意：以“致有关人士”或“亲爱的国家市场”开头的信件几乎不可能吸引合适的工作人员的注意。根据“of attracting the attention of the right staff member”以及句意“可能”可知应填名词chance，作宾语。故选D。 16．考查动词。句意：信的开头要生动易懂地描述公司的工作，并突出最近的成功案例。根据“a recent success story”以及句意“突出”可知应填动词highlight，故选J。 17．考查名词。句意：继续用一些一般的统计数据来给联系人留下你们公司的效率和效力的印象。根据“with your organization’s efficiency and effectiveness”以及句意“统计数据”可知应填名词statistics，作宾语。故选B。 18．考查动词。句意：接下来，详细描述当前需要捐款的项目或努力，以及谁将受益。根据“describe in full the current project or effort for which a donation is needed and who will”以及句意“受益”可知应填动词benefit，will后跟动词原形。故选H。 19．考查形容词。句意：包括所有的联系方式，包括电话，传真和电子邮件，最后邀请对方联系你，如果需要进一步的信息。根据“information is needed”以及句意“进一步的”可知应填形容词further，修饰名词information。故选I。 20．考查名词。句意：如果捐助者看到他们的捐款是如何使用的，他们往往愿意再次捐款。根据“Donors often are willing to contribute again if they are shown how their”以及句意“捐款”可知应填名词contribution，作主语。故选F。 III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context By 2030, 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in big cities. How all those people live, and what their lives are like, will 21 important choices leaders make today and in the coming years. Technology has the power to help people live in communities that are more 22 to their needs and that can actually improve their lives. For example, Beijing, troubled by air pollution, is testing a 23-foot-tall air 23 that cleans up smog, filters the bad particles (微粒) and releases clear air. This isn’t a vision of life in the family comedy The Jetsons. It’s real urban communities responding in real-time to changing weather, times of day and citizen needs. These efforts can cover entire communities. They can vary from monitoring traffic to keeping cars moving efficiently or measuring air 24 to warn residents when pollution levels climb. Using data and electronic sensors in this way is often 25 as building “smart cities,” which are the subject of a major push to improve how cities function. In part a response to unreasonable infrastructure (基础设施) design and urban planning of the past, smart cities 26 real-time monitoring, analysis and improvement of city decision-making. The results, supporters say, will improve efficiency, environmental sustainability and citizen engagement. Smart city projects are big investments that are supposed to drive social 27 . Decisions made early in the 28 determine what exactly will change. But most research and planning regarding smart cities is driven by the technology, 29 the needs of the citizens. Little attention is given to the social, policy and organizational changes that will be required to ensure smart cities are not just technologically comprehensive but intelligently 30 to their residents’ needs. Design will make the difference between smart city projects offering great prospect or actually increasing or even widening the existing gaps in unequal ways their cities serve residents. A key 31 of smart cities is that they create efficiency. Well-designed technology tools can 32 government agencies, the environment and residents. Smart cities can improve the efficiency of city services by finding ways to save money and streamlining workers’ responsibilities. The results can provide higher-quality at lower cost. 21．A．take over B．consist of C．depend on D．lean towards 22．A．available B．responsive C．constant D．considerable 23．A．container B．refrigerator C．purifier D．accelerator 24．A．quantity B．resistance C．concentration D．quality 25．A．referred to B．made for C．logged in D．blamed for 26．A．construct B．promise C．disturb D．reflect 27．A．transformation B．cooperation C．productivity D．regulation 28．A．position B．shape C．process D．intention 29．A．in spite of B．rather than C．in place of D．so long as 30．A．sustainable B．equivalent C．adaptive D．substantial 31．A．feature B．entrance C．ingredient D．passion 32．A．represent B．exhaust C．benefit D．approve 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了到2030年，预计世界60%的人口将生活在大城市。所有这些人的生活方式以及他们的生活将取决于领导人今天和未来几年做出的重要选择。技术有助于改善城市居民的生活。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些人的生活方式以及他们的生活是怎样，将取决于领导人今天和未来几年做出的重要选择。A. take over接管；B. consist of组成；C. depend on取决于；D. lean towards倾向于。根据前文“By 2030, 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in big cities.”并结合常识以及所在句前后内容可知，领导们今天所做的重要选择会对未来人们的生活方式和生活质量产生影响，即人们的生活取决于领导们的选择。故选C。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：技术有能力帮助人们生活在更能满足他们需求的社区中，并能真正改善他们的生活。A. available可获得的；B. responsive反应热烈的；C. constant不断的；D. considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的。根据文章第三段“It’s real urban communities responding in real-time to changing weather, times of day and citizen needs. (这是真实的城市社区对不断变化的天气、时间和公民需求的实时响应。) ”可知，人们喜欢生活在更能满足他们需求的社区中，并能真正改善他们的生活，短语be responsive to，意为“对……作出反应”。故选B。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，受到空气污染困扰的北京正在测试一款23英尺高的空气净化器，该净化器可以清除烟雾，过滤有毒颗粒物，并释放出清澈的空气。A. container容器：B. refrigerator冰箱；C. purifier净化器：D. accelerator加速器。根据空格处下文“that cleans up smog, filters the bad particles (微粒) and releases clear air. (它可以清除烟雾，过滤有害颗粒物，并释放出清澈的空气) ”是定语从句，说明先行词能用来干什么，即空格处所填词汇表示净化空气的仪器。故选C。 24．考育名词词义辨析。句意：它们可以从监测交通到保持汽车高效行驶，也可以在污染水平攀升时测量空气质量以警告居民。A. quantity数量：B. resistance抵抗：C. concentration集中；D. quality质量。根据下文“to warn residents when pollution levels climb.”可知，监测交通或者测量空气的目的是为了警告市民污染水平攀升了，污染影响的是空气的质量。故选D。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：以这种方式使用数据和电子传感器通常被称为建设“智慧城市”，这是改善城市功能的重大举措的主题。A. referred to谈及；B. made for有利于；C. logged in登录；D. blamed for因……责备。根据下文“as building “smart cities,””可知，句子说明smart cities是改善城市功能使用了数据和电子传感器的方式，采用这种方式的城市被称作“智慧城市”，refer to…as“把……称为”。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分针对过去基础设施设计和城市规划的不合理，智慧城市体现了对城市决策的实时监测、分析和改进。A. construct建设；B. promise承诺；C. disturb打扰；D. reflect反映。根据上文“In part a response to unreasonableinfrastructure (基础设施) design and urban planning of the past”可知，过去城市建设设计中不合理部分不能得到及时反愦、调整这一状况，在智慧城市设计中得到了体现、反映。故选D。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：智慧城市项目是巨大的投资，旨在推动社会转变。A. transformation转变；B. cooperation合作；C. productivity生产率：D. regulation规则。根据下文“Decisions made early in the 　　8　　 determine what exactly will change.”可知，早期的决策决定了具体的变化，即社会发生了转变。故选A。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程的早期做出的决定决定了具体会发生什么变化。A. position位置；B. shape形状；C. process进程；D. intention意图。根据下文“determine what exactly will change.”可知，智慧城市项目推动社会转变是一个变化的进程，在这个进程早期的决策将会影响后面的变革。故选C。 29．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但大多数关于智慧城市的研究和规划都是由技术驱动的，而不是公民的需求。A. in spite of不顾；B. rather than而不是；C. in place of代替；D. so long as只要。根据句意，前后文是让步关系，大多数关于智慧城市的研究和规划都是由技术驱动的，没有考虑公民的需求。故选B。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很少关注确保智慧城市不仅在技术上全面，而且在智能上适应居民需求所需的社会、政策和组织变革。A. sustainable可持续的；B. equivalent相同的；C. adaptive适应的；D. substantial大量的。根据本段最后一句“Design will make the difference between smart city projects offering great prospect or actually increasing or even widening the existing gaps in unequal ways their cities serve residents. (设计将决定智慧城市项目是提供巨大前景，还是以城市为居民服务的不平等方式实际增加甚至扩大现有差距。) ”可知，智慧城市不仅在技术上全面，而且在智能上应该适应居民需求。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：智慧城市的一个关键特征是它们可以提高效率，A. feature特征；B. entrance进入：C. ingredient成分；D. passion激情。根据下文“of smart cities is that they create eficiency. ”可知，表语从句 that they create efficiency说明提高效率是智慧城市的一个关键特征。故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：精心设计的技术工具可以使政府机构、环境和居民受益。A. represent代表；B. exhaust使筋疲力尽；C. beneft使受益；D. approve赞成。根据下文“Smart cities can improve the efficiency of city services by finding ways to save money and streamlining workers’ responsibilities. The results can provide higher-quality at lower cost. (智慧城市可以通过寻找节省资金和简化工人责任的方法来提高城市服务的效率。结果可以以更低的成本提供更高的质量。) ”可知，精心设计的技术工具给政府机构、环境和居民带来了利益。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Even now, I have vivid memories of my last day of high school. In my mind’s eye, I’m cleaning out my locker, and then staring at the emptiness for a few extra beats before slamming it shut for the last time. I’m wandering around the halls with my best friend, blissfully ignoring the bells going off every 50 minutes on schedule because, just today, we’re allowed to break the rules. I’m sitting on my desk, swinging my feet, and shooting the breeze (闲聊) with my English teacher, Mr. Carr, in a way that makes me feel almost grown up. It was maybe my favorite day of the whole year. Like the final layer of watercolor, the freedom and lightness I feel seeps (渗透) into the rest of my memories of that day and turns them just a shade rosier. If the school year hasn’t yet ended for you, consider what you can do to make the finale count. Why? Because when it comes to human memory, not all moments are created equal. Instead, our remembered experiences are disproportionately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best moments as well as the worst) and endings (the last moments). Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, who discovered this phenomenon, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that our judgment of a past experience is largely based on its most extreme point and its endpoint. I took advantage of the peak-end rule years ago, when my girls were young enough to want a bedtime story each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had occurred that day, I could make the last moments count. I could end on a note of calm and act like the patient mom I hadn’t quite managed to be just hours before. Don’t mistake all moments as equal insignificance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting. 33．What can the author suggest doing to make the end of a school year memorable? A．Planning a special event for the last day. B．Reflecting on the entire academic year. C．Ignoring school regulations. D．Focusing on the final exam. 34．Which statement is true about the peak-end rule? A．The last moments matter the most in our memories. B．Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings. C．The peaks and ends of experiences are easier to remember. D．Our judgment of the past is determined by first impressions. 35．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．What struggles the author had in life. B．How the author treated her daughters. C．Why the author read stories to her kids. D．How the author applied the rule to daily life. 36．Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To show the importance of doing sports. B．To explain why last impressions are lasting. C．To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports. D．To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience. 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己高中最后一天的鲜活记忆和坚持给女儿讲睡前故事的经历讲述了“峰终定律”，它表明我们对一段经历的判断很大程度上取决于这段经历的巅峰和结尾，并建议人们珍惜结尾。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the school year hasn’t yet ended for you, consider what you can do to make the finale count. Why? Because when it comes to human memory, not all moments are created equal. Instead, our remembered experiences are disproportionately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best moments as well as the worst) and endings (the last moments).(如果你的学年还没有结束，考虑一下你能做些什么来让结尾有意义。为什么？因为当涉及到人类记忆时，并不是所有的时刻都是平等的。相反，我们记忆中的经历不成比例地受到高峰（最好的时刻和最坏的时刻）和结局（最后的时刻）的影响。)”可知，人类对一段经历的高峰（最好的时刻和最坏的时刻）和结尾记忆最深，所以作者建议提前考虑学年的结尾方式，从而让它变得有意义。由此可推测出，作者建议为学年最后一天策划一个特殊的活动。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nobel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, who discovered this phenomenon, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that our judgment of a past experience is largely based on its most extreme point and its endpoint.(诺贝尔奖获得者丹尼·卡尼曼发现了这一现象，称之为“峰终定律”。这表明，我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于其最极端的点和终点。)”可知，峰终定律表明，我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于其最极端的点和终点，由此可推断出，一段经历的巅峰和结尾是最容易被记住的。故选C。 35．主旨大意题。根据第四段“I took advantage of the peak-end rule years ago, when my girls were young enough to want a bedtime story each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had occurred that day, I could make the last moments count. I could end on a note of calm and act like the patient mom I hadn’t quite managed to be just hours before.(几年前，当我的女儿们还很小，每天晚上都想讲一个睡前故事时，我就利用了这条峰终定律。我记得当时我在想，无论那天发生了什么分歧和压力，我都能让最后的时刻有意义。我可以平静地结束，表现得像一个几个小时前我还没能做到的耐心妈妈。)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者在生活中运用峰终定律，为女儿们读睡前故事，当一个耐心的妈妈，让每一天的最后时刻变得有意义。故选D。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting.(一定要仔细安排结局。正如西雅图海鹰队教练皮特·卡罗尔可能会说的那样：强势完成比赛。最后的印象尤其持久。)”可知，作者在最后建议读者要仔细安排结尾，并引用皮特·卡罗尔的话“强势完成比赛”来说明最后的印象会非常持久，强调结尾的重要性，由此可推测出，作者提到皮特·卡罗尔是为了鼓励读者重视一段经历的最后时刻。故选D。 B Top Scientists Take Sides Famous Inducers (Experiment> ) Gregor Mendel(1822-1884) Mendel spent years recording variations in the appearance of peas and other living things. By analysing this data, he identified mathematical laws that govern genetics. Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic. Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) During an experiment, Rutherford noted that energetic particles could pass easily through thin metal foil (箔). From this evidence he formulated a scientific law: the atom is mostly empty space. Famous Deducers (Theory> Experiment) Isaac Newton(1643-1727) Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!) Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. Only later did he perform calculations to prove that his idea, “universal gravitation,” was true. Democritus(c. 460-370 B．C． ) Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” Democritus had no means to test his theory. But later experimenters proved atoms are real. Alfred Wegener(1880-1930) Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent. Over many years, many disciplines including geology and fossilology would finally prove that his theory of “continental drift” is accurate. 37．Which of the following best define “Inducers” and “Deducers” according to the poster? A．Inducers are those who arrive at a conclusion based on theories. B．Inducers prefer to make experiments to prove some relative theories. C．Deducers usually do more experiments than develop theories. D．Deducers tend to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning or inference. 38．Which of the following is True according to the poster? A．Mendel recognised mathematical laws governing genetics by farming. B．Newton proposed the idea “universal gravitation” by observing the falling of apples. C．It was Fleming who made the discovery of the first effective antibiotic. D．Alfred Wegener created the theory of “continental drift” after he found rich evidence. 39．Where can this poster most probably be seen? A．In a university lecture. B．In a physics textbook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an advertisement. 【答案】37．D 38．C 39．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文主要介绍了两种科学家的研究方法：归纳法（Inducers）和演绎法（Deducers），并举例说明了这两种方法的代表性科学家及其贡献。 37．推理判断题。根据表格右侧“Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!)Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. ”（灵感来自于下落物体的运动(但可能不是苹果!)牛顿提出所有物体都相互吸引。）根据“Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” ”（基于哲学原理，德谟克利特认为物质不可能永远被分割成更小的碎片；他把它最小的可能单位称为“原子”）根据“Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent.”（魏格纳注意到大陆的形状是相互联系的，他大胆地提出地球的陆地群最初是一个单一的巨大大陆。）可知，演绎法的科学家是通过推理或推断来得出结论。故选D。 38．细节理解题。根据表格左侧Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)部分中“While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic.”（弗莱明在研究细菌时发现面包霉能杀死对人体有害的细菌。这使他发现了第一个有效的抗生素，青霉素。）可知，是弗莱明发现了第一个有效的抗生素。故选C。 39．推理判断题。短文主要介绍了两种科学家的研究方法：归纳法（Inducers）和演绎法（Deducers），并举例说明了这两种方法的代表性科学家及其贡献。所以短文来自科学杂志。故选C。 C The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. 40．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ______. A．the drowning of the Maine coastline B．glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea C．the irregularity of the Maine coastline D．ocean water’s flooding the mountain range 41．What does the underlined word “charge” mean in paragraph 2? A．To ask an amount of money. B．To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong. C．To rush in a particular direction. D．To pass electricity through something. 42．Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection? A．The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. B．Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks. C．On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists. D．Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life. 43．From the passage, we learn that ________. A．the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age B．there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline C．Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch D．an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D 43．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章先介绍美国缅因州海岸线的地质特点和形成原因，接着着重描述了其中一个最大的岛屿——Mt. Desert岛。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段“This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.( 这种不规则性是被称为溺水海岸的结果。那时，现在是缅因州的整个地区是一座高耸在海面之上的山脉的一部分。然而，随着冰川消退，它对那些山脉施加了巨大的力量，它们沉入了海中)”和第二段“And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands.(而最靠近海岸的原山脉的最高部分则保留为岛屿)”可知，缅因州海岸线的不规则性是通过“淹没的海岸线”形成的，这是冰川活动造成的结果。冰川退却时，山脉的部分沉入海底，留下高耸的部分成为岛屿。因此，许多小岛的形成是由于海岸线被淹没的结果。故选A。 41．词句猜测题。根据第二段“As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land.(随着山脉的沉没，海洋水charged了剩余陆地的最低部分)”可知，随着山脉的沉没，海洋水涌入淹没了剩余陆地的最低部分，因此划线词词义为：淹没、（水）冲向某个特定的地方，故选C。 42．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，特别是“But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones.(但岛上最好的部分是被称为阿卡迪亚国家公园的未受破坏的森林土地。由于该岛位于两个不同地理区域的交界处，公园支持着这两个区域的植物和动物)”可知，本段主要介绍该岛具有极其丰富的动植物多样性。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段“Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.(巴港岛几乎形成了两个明显不同的岛屿。它几乎被索姆斯海峡一分为二，这是一条非常深且非常狭窄的七英里长的水域)”可知，岛屿被一段7英里的水域隔开。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Makes a Nobel Laureate? Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification. Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. 44 . The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They ave been completely buried by the stand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts. The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. 45 Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit. 46 Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect. What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources. 47 Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand. A．It generally arises from two related causes. B．It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. C．Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification. D．They destroy the land, as the oil dries out and is then blown away. E．Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. F．This means that the wrong crops are planted, and need more water than is available. 【答案】44．A 45．F 46．B 47．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了荒漠化发生的原因以及减缓或阻止荒漠化的建议。 44．根据上文“Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.(荒漠化发生在靠近已经存在的沙漠的地区)”以及后文“The first is over-use of water in the area.(首先是该地区过度使用水资源)”以及第三段“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”可知，上文提到了荒漠化发生的地区，后文则说明了引起荒漠化的两个原因，故A选项“它通常由两个相关的原因引起”符合语境，故选A。 45．根据上文“The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land.(第二个原因是滥用或过度使用土地)”以及后文“Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.(开垦大片的土地，清除灌木和树木意味着风会把土壤吹走。土壤一旦流失，就很难再补上，如果有雨水，就无处可去，也就没有什么好处了)”可知，上文提到了第二点原因是滥用或过度使用土地，故本句承接上文解释“滥用或过度使用土地”的含义；种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多。故F选项“这意味着种植了错误的作物，需要的水比现有的多”符合语境，故选F。 46．根据后文“Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming., these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding ti what is known as the greenhouse effect.(每年春天，一些远离沙漠数千公里的东部城市的天空都会因沙尘暴而变暗。来自沙漠的沙尘对天气系统有很大的影响。而荒漠化可能部分是由全球变暖造成的。这些沙尘暴会增加所谓的温室效应，从而加剧全球变暖)”可知，后文提到了沙尘暴会影响到城市以及加剧全球变暖，可知本句是在说明荒漠化影响到的其中一个群体：农民和村民，故B选项“受苦的不仅仅是农民和村民”符合语境，故选B。 47．根据上文“What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously the first steps are to find new water sources.(我们可以做些什么来减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程？大量的工作已经在进行中。显然，第一步是寻找新的水源)”以及后文“Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.(有些种类的草还能把土壤粘在一起，阻止风带走它。如果没有这些努力，将越来越难以阻止世界上的沙漠，越来越多的农民将放弃并前往城市。我们要吸取的教训藏在沙子下面)”可知，上文提到了第一步是寻找水源，后文提到了草可以防止荒漠化，可知本句提出的建议是种植植物。故E选项“种植植物可以提供帮助，因为它在沙漠和肥沃的田地之间提供屏障”符合语境，故选E。 IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gratitude Is Good for You? Gratitude is more than just saying ‘thank you’ to someone who has helped us or given us a gift. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled ‘The Science of Gratitude’, showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. It is because gratitude stops us from thinking about toxic, negative emotions, and writing a ‘thank you’ letter, for example, shifts our attention so that we focus on positive emotions. But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced inflammation in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives? The simple answer is ‘yes’. When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. Feeling valued can help build stronger relationships — be it with family, partners, friends or even colleagues. And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激对我们身心的带来好处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion. ②And this positive emotion can be good for our health -- our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. ④So, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. ⑤Gratitude can also make us feel good in our bodies. ⑥So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives?T ⑦When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ⑧Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead. 2.缜密构思 合并要点①②，这两点是总括文章的主旨——感激的益处；重组④⑤要点——对精神和身体健康有好处；重组⑥⑦——对他人的好处。 3.遣词造句 Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel about ourselves, and the healthier our body will be. Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued. So let’s count our blessings! 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gratitude, which is a deeper appreciation for someone or something, is good for our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Furthermore, when shared, gratitude helps others feel valued.（运用了状语从句的省略） V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 49．专家指出，错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响。(impact n.)(汉译英) 【答案】Experts point out that incorrect language beliefs can have a negative impact on language learning. 【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时，表示“专家”应用experts；表示“指出”应用point out；“错误的语言观会对语言学习产生负面影响”可处理为that引导的宾语从句，“错误的语言观”表达为incorrect language beliefs，表示“会”应用can；“对……有负面影响”表达为 have a negative impact on，位于情态动词后使用动词原形；表示“语言学习”应用language learning。故翻译为Experts point out that incorrect language beliefs can have a negative impact on language learning. 50．出身音乐世家，她从小耳濡目染各种乐器和音乐会，难怪长大后成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家。(expose) （汉译英） 【答案】Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer. 【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“出身音乐世家”翻译为come from a music family，在句中作状语，与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。“耳濡目染”用短语be exposed to；“各种乐器和音乐会”翻译为 various instruments and concerts；“从小”翻译为from a young age，“难怪”用短语no wonder；“长大”用短语grow up；“成为了杰出的指挥兼作曲家”翻译为become a distinguished conductor and composer。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Coming from a music family, she was exposed to various instruments and concerts from a young age, no wonder she grew up to become a distinguished conductor and composer. 51．短视频服务不仅满足了人们的娱乐需求，还拓宽了学习渠道，带来了意想不到的效果。(Not only) (汉译英) 【答案】Not only has the short-video service met people’s entertainment needs, but also broadened the channels for learning and brought unexpected effects. 【详解】考查固定短语、部分倒装、动词时态等。根据汉语句意可知，此处是“不仅……还”句式，用not only…but also连接的并列句。句子主语为“短视频服务”，可用short-video service；表示“满足了人们的娱乐需求”可用meet people’s entertainment needs；表示“拓宽了学习渠道”可用broaden the channels for learning；表示“带来了意想不到的效果”可用bring unexpected effects。结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事给现在带来的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语也用单数形式；Not only位于句首时，所在分句需部分倒装。故翻译为Not only has the short-video service met people’s entertainment needs, but also broadened the channels for learning and brought unexpected effects. 52．与其说成功靠运气不如说靠辛勤努力。(as...as)(汉译英) 【答案】Success lies not as much in luck as in hard work. 【详解】考查时态。讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，not so/as much+介词短语+as+介词短语，“与其说……，不如说……”，success (成功)，lie in (在于)，hard work (辛勤努力)，再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Success lies not as much in luck as in hard work. VI. Guided Writing （25分） Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高二学生李明。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件和你说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。请回复电子邮件给笔友，内容须包含： 1. 对此做法的态度； 2. 结合个人经历给出你的理由。 (文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear John, I’m glad to hear you’re considering using digital learning tools to aid your studies. I fully support this idea. In my own experience, digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency. They provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. Moreover, these tools often make complex concepts more visual and understandable. I believe they can be equally beneficial for you. Feel free to explore and experiment with various tools to find the ones that suit you best. I’m confident they will help you achieve your academic goals. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你的笔友约翰近日发邮件说，他拟使用数字化学习工具来辅助完成作业，想听取你的意见。要求考生回复电子邮件给笔友。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 考虑：consider→take into account 支持：support→approve 有益的：beneficial→rewarding 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：In my own experience, digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency. They provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. 拓展句：In my own experience, not only do digital tools have greatly enhanced my learning efficiency, but also they provide instant access to a wealth of resources, from online tutorials to interactive simulations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Feel free to explore and experiment with various tools to find the ones that suit you best. (运用了that引导定语从句) [高分句型2] I believe they can be equally beneficial for you. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 试卷第20页，共24页 试卷第1页，共24页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$