内容正文:
2024-2025学年九年级上期末考点大串讲(牛津版)
专题03 重点短语,语法归纳
Unit 1 Wise men in history
重点短语
1.be) happy(satisfied, pleased) with(对某人或事物)满意的
2.find out the truth 发现真相
3.run over 溢出
4.send ... to prison 把……关进监狱
5.cut ... in half 把……切成两半
6.(be) amazed at (对某人或事物)大为惊奇
7.dress as 打扮成……
8.make sure 确保
9.cut ... up 切碎
10.add up 把……加起来
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语法精萃
1, 反义疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句之后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句+简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句+简略肯定问句”。
口诀
前肯后否, 前否后肯,人称一致, 时态一致, 必用缩写!
Lily came home late, didn’t she? 莉莉很晚到家,是不是?
Ann and Mary won’t come, will they? 安和玛丽不会来了,是吗?
2,句子种类
Unit 2 Great minds
重点短语
1.a sense of humour 幽默感
2. let ... down 使……失望
3.by heart 熟记
4.without difficulty 轻而易举
5.join in 参加;加入
6.have no idea 丝毫不知道
7.(be) in trouble 倒霉;处于困境
8.play a joke on sb. 跟某人开玩笑
9.side by side 肩并肩
10.in return 作为回报
语法精萃
动词不定式(Infinitives)即小品词to后面跟动词原形,写作“to do(sth.)”。本单元重点讲解不定式作后置定语、不定式作主语、不定式作表语。
(1)名词后跟动词不定式(Infinitives after nouns)
名词后跟动词不定式,也就是说动词不定式充当后置定语。例如:
I have some questions to ask you. 我有一些问题要问你。
注意:很多情况下,不定式后的介词不可省略。例如:
This is a good pen to write with. 这支钢笔很好写。(write with a pen)
(2)动词不定式作主语(Infinitives as subjects)
动词不定式可充当主语。例如:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
此外,要注意下面两个句型的区别:It is adj. for sb. to do sth.和It is adj. of sb. to do sth.
It is important for us to look after ourselves well. 照顾好我们自己是重要的。
=To look after ourselves well is important for us.
It is kind of you to help me. 帮助了我,你真好。=You are kind to help me.
另外,句型It takes(sb.)time to do sth. 中的It也作形式主语。
3)be后面跟动词不定式(Infinitives after the verb be)
be动词后面跟动词不定式,即不定式充当表语。例如:
My dream is to be a scientist when I grow up. 我的梦想是长大后成为科学家。
Unit 3 Family life
重点短语
1.(be) on business 出差
2.have no interest in 对……没有兴趣
3.out of date 过时的
4.school events 学校活动
5.make sense 有道理;有意义
7.disagree about 不同意
8.be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
语法精萃
Unit 4 Problems and advice
重点短语
1.ask for advice/help 寻求建议/帮助
2.pay attention to 注意;留意
3.(be) on a diet 节食
4.laugh at 嘲笑;讥笑
5.feel ashamed of 对……感到惭愧
6.share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
7.drive sb. mad 让某人受不了
9.make a mess 搞得一团糟
10.out of place 格格不入
11.shout at sb. 朝某人叫嚷
12.none of one’s business 与某人无关
语法精萃
一、句子成分
1 主语:句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主要成分。一般放在句首,但有时也放在其它位置。名词、代词、数词、动词不定式和动词-ing形式等
可以作主语。如:Mary, I, three, to work, teaching等。
2 谓语动词:说明主语的动作或状态,一般放在主语的后面。如:is,
feel, say, can do等。
3 宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。名词、代词、数词、动词不 定式、动词-ing形式和从句可以作宾语。
如:Mary, me, three, to work, working等。
4 补语:包含主语补语和宾语补语。在系动词be, become等之后的形容
词或名词通常作主语补语,描述主语的特点;跟在宾语之后的作宾语补
语。如:very good, a doctor等。
5 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明事情发生的时间、地点、 原因、目的、结果、方式、条件等。状语可以由副词、短语以及从句来 担任。如:often, at the meeting, next year等。
二、基本句型
Unit 5
重点短语
1. 达人秀 talent show
2. 昏迷;失去知觉 pass out
3. 领先 ahead of
4. 获奖 win the prize
5. 保持静止 keep still
6. 去理发 have a haircut
7. 在工作日 on weekdays
8. 不仅……而且……not only ... but also ...
9. 担任……工作work as
10. 说实话to be honest
语法精萃
although 与 though的用法
1 although和though意思是“虽然;尽管”,为从属连词,用来引导让步状语从句,其引导的从句放在主句前后均可。如:
Although / Though he is quite busy, he often helps me with my English.
= He often helps me with my English although/though he is quite busy.
尽管他相当忙,但还是常常帮我学英语。
2 although和though引导的主从复合句可与由but连接的并列句换用。如:
Although / Though he is quite busy, he often helps me with my English.
= He is quite busy, but he often helps me with my English.
尽管他相当忙,但还是常常帮我学英语。
3 特别注意:although和though引导的从句不能与but, however等连用,但可以和yet, still等连用。如:
Although / Though he was tired, he still went on working.
尽管他很疲惫,但他仍继续工作。
Although / Though he lives alone, yet he is happy. 他虽然独自生活,但很愉快。
Unit 6
重点短语
1. 均衡饮食 a balanced diet
2. 离开;不接近 stay away from
3. 油炸食物 fried food
4. 体格检查medical examination
5. 减肥 lose weight
6. 大量;充足plenty of
7. 通常;大体上 in general
8. 给自己买东西treat oneself to sth.
9. 饮食习惯 eating habits
10. 愿意做某事(be) prepared to do sth.
语法精萃
宾语从句
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
中考考查重点:
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;
2. 宾语从句的语序;
3. 宾语从句的时态。
考向一:宾语从句连接词
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。
考向二:宾语从句语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
考向三、宾语从句时态
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。(主现从任)
2.如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。(主过从过)
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态
Unit 7
重点短语
1. 休息一下 have a rest
2. 出现 come along
3. 嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.
4. 真可惜what a pity
5. 不停地做 go on doing
6. 沉默地in silence
7. 过一会儿 after a while
8. 尽快 as quickly as possible
9. 诱使某人做某事trick sb. into doing sth.
10. 扑灭put out
语法精萃
定语从句
定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
中考考查重点:
关系代词的用法;
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose。
考向1 定语从句的关系副词 (关系副词不作重点讲)
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
考向2 关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
关系代词
1. who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
3. 注意:(1) 关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
4. which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
5 注意:定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
(1)当先行词为anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,只能使用“that”
Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all,any,much,many等词时,只能使用“that”
Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时,只能使用“that”
This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能使用“that”
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时,只能使用“that”
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的?
Unit 8
重点短语
1. 引以为豪 be proud of
2. 寻找;寻求look for
3. 终于;最终 at last
4. 集中注意力fix ... on
5. 递出 hold out
6. 作为……的替换instead of
7. 被控告…… (be) accused of
8. 担心be worried about
9. 深受感动 (be) deeply moved
10. 脱离危险(be) out of danger
语法精萃
1 形容词+介词
afraid of 害怕 angry with somebody 生某人的气
angry at / about 因……而生气 bored with 对……感到厌烦
careful of / about / with 小心;注意 certain of / about 确信;肯定
different from 与……不同 excited about 对……感到兴奋
good at 擅长 good for 有利于;对……有好处
good with 善于与……打交道 happy with 对……满意
interested in 对……感兴趣 late for 迟到
popular with 受……欢迎 proud of 骄傲;自豪
ready for 准备 similar to 与……相似
sure of / about 确信 strict with 对……严格
tired of 厌倦 worried about 担心
有些形容词后接不同的介词,表示不同的意思。如:
He is good at painting. 他擅长画画。
Doing more exercise is good for you. 多锻炼对你有好处。
It is good of you to help me. 你帮我忙真是太好了。
The nurse is good with patients. 这位护士与病人相处甚好。
2 名词+介词
ability in 能力 advice on 建议 answer to 回答
decision on / about 决定 excuse for 借口 experience of 经历
feeling of 感觉 habit of 习惯 interest in 兴趣
invitation to 邀请 opinion of 看法 problem with 麻烦
purpose of 目的 reason for 理由 report on 报道
respect for 尊重 success in 成功 way of 方式
如:
Mary has great ability in teaching English. 玛丽教英语教得很出色。
I don’t know the answer to this question. 我不知道这个问题的答案。
What’s your opinion of this film? 你对这部电影怎么看?
3 动词+介词
agree with 同意 arrive at / in 到达 ask for 索要
believe in 相信 care for 照顾 decide on 决定
depend on 依靠 die of 死于 hear from 收到来信
help with 帮忙做 hold out 递出 join in 加入
laugh at 嘲笑 leave for 前往 pass by 经过
prefer to 更喜欢 prepare for 准备 put on 上演
reply to 回答 succeed in 成功 suffer from 受折磨
talk about 谈论 think about 思考 wait for 等待
有些动词后面接不同的介词,表示不同的意思。如:
Look at the map and find out where the railway station is.
看这幅地图,找出火车站在哪儿。
I have to look after my little sister. 我要照顾我妹妹。
What are you looking for in my room? 你在我房里找什么?
The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查这个案子。
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