2.题型二 阅读理解(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

题型二 阅读理解 第一节 一般选择型 令典型例题讲方法 考查点1细节理解题 项（如无中生有、以偏概全等），选出正确答案。 一、关键词定位法 典例[2024陕西C节选] 根据题干中的关键信息，直接定位到文中的 "ITALIANS LOVE TO SING.They sing in the 相关语句或段落，再与选项核对，最后得出答案。 street,they sing while they go about their business. 典例[2024陕西A节选] It is not just a cliche-in Italy,you see grown-up Mrs.Ma:Can anyone help me with the English class men just singing while they work,because they want party next Friday?There's lots to do to get it ready. to somehow express their feelings...." 41.When is the English class party? 49.From Kaufmann's words,we can know A.Next Tuesday. B.Next Friday. A.how much Italians love music C.Next Wednesday. D.Next Saturday. B.how he created his music 【思路点拨】根据题千中的关键信息“the English C.his experience of learning music class party”可定位到节选内容的第一句“Can D.his advice on making music anyone help me with the English class party next 【思路点拨】根据节选内容可知，意大利人十分热 Friday?”故选B。 爱音乐。故选A 二、转换相关语句法 二、对文章出处/文体的推断 先阅读题干，确定相关句子或段落，然后利用 根据文章结构，结合文章内容及选项作出判 以下四种正确选项特征确定答案：同义/近义/反 断，切不可以偏概全。 义词复现：同源词复现：词性或语态有所变化：简 典例[2024陕西A节选] 化/转换原文的复杂表达。最后定位题干关键词 和原文信息的转换形式，得出正确答案。 典例[2024陕西A节选] Sindent groupehat Mrs.Ma:Can anyone help me with the Xu Jie:Great idea!The poster is my job. English elass party next Friday?There lots to do to get it ready. 42.Who will make the poster? Yu Chen:I'll make our classroom look nicer uith halleons. A.John.B.Xu Jie.C.Harry. D.Li Na. John:Ya Chen I'll help yoo.I'll bring seme flowers and do the blackbourd.How 【思路点拨】根据题千中的关键信息“poster'”可定位 about a poster with everyone's name on it? 到节选内容的第二句“The poster is my job.”,再结合 Xu Jie:Great idea The poster is my job. Harry:I'll play the music.Ill makea party 说话者的姓名可知，许洁将制作海报。故选B。 playlist from the elass's favorite songs. Sue:I play in a band.I think I'll ask them 考查点2推理判断题 if they can pla町 一、对文章细节的推断 Li Na:What about food?I'll meke a chocoly ke and a fru业caka 在文章中搜索对应信息并进行推断，排除错误选 137 43.What kind of writing is the text? 典例[2023陕西C节选] A.Interview. B.Play. Inventive Minds C.Conversation. D.Report. Inventions can change the world,you may say. 【思路点拨】根据文本的呈现形式可知，本文是手 But did you know we are inventors today? 机里学生聊天群中的一段对话。故选C。 And now just like Orville and Wilbur Wright, 考查点3词义猜测/句意理解题 Our ideas are starting to take flight! 仔细阅读画线词/句的前后语句，分析已知信 We all have inventive minds. 息与画线词/句之间的联系，进而得出答案。 We are thinking of new ideas all the time. Yes,kids have inventive minds. 典例[2024陕西B节选] ..Her love for the ancient Chinese culture We're using them ev'ry day of our lives! Words and music by evoked my strong memories of paper cutting. Steve and Kathy Hoover I remembered the happy times of making paper Orville and Wilbur Wright brothers were the cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club... 45.The underlined word“evoked”means“ 91 inventors of the early plane. in Paragraph 2. g*The word“ight”is the noun(n.)form of the A.brought back B.took away verb()“ly". C.cut off D.depended on ***The word“ev'py”stands for“every”. 【思路点拨】根据画线词下文内容可知，看完女孩 50.What is the authors'real purpose of creating the text? 舞狮的视频之后，作者回忆起自己小时候学剪纸 A.To teach English to children. 的快乐经历。由此可推知，evoked意为“唤起：使 B.To introduce an invention 人想起”。故选A C.To praise Orville and Wilbur Wright. 考查点4主旨大意题 D.To encourage children to be creative. 一、写作意图 【思路点拨】根据“Ve all have inventive minds.We 作者的写作意图往往与文体有着紧密的联 are thinking of new ideas all the time.Yes,kids 系，可概括为以下四点： have inventive minds.”可知，作者将本文以歌曲的 1.记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经 形式呈现，呼吁孩子们要有创造性思维。故选D。 历，给读者讲述一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐 二、段落/文章大意 趣：若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或 有些段落/文章主题句出现在段/文首，开门 给读者某种教育或启示。 见山，提出主题，之后用细节来解释、论证或发展 2.说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提 主题思想。而有些段落/文章主题句出现在段/文尾， 出某种建议、劝告或呼吁以及希望引起有关部门 先闸述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。 或人士对某种现象的重视。 典例[2024陕西B节选] 3.议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同 I remembered the happy times of making paper 某一观点或倡导某种做法等。 cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club. 4.应用文是一种实用类文体，是为实现特定 When I was ten,I joined the paper cutting club. 目的服务的，因此其写作动机与目的十分明确。 Every Monday and Friday,I learned to make paper 如广告一般是介绍某种商业活动或招聘，吸引看到 cuttings there...Together with other inheritors,I 的人来报名或应聘。 hope to pass down our excellent culture. 138 46.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? Dreams are like stars.You may never catch A.The long history of paper cutting. them,but if you follow them,they will lead you to B.The steps of making paper cuttings. success.Yan Ning is such a dream follower. C.The writer's happy times of making paper cuttings. D.The writer's plans for setting up a paper cutting In a TV interview,Yan encouraged young people club. to work hard for their dreams."All our dreams can 【思路点拨】根据第三段第一句并结合整段内容可come true if we have the courage to follow them.” 知，本段主要回忆了作者十岁时在社团里和老师 48.What is the best title()for this passage? 及同学们做剪纸的愉快时光。故选C A.A Difficult Research. 三、标题归纳 B.A Dream Follower. 根据文章主题句，提炼中心词充当标题。切 C.A Smooth Road. 记范围不能过大或过小，以及不能含有文中未提 D.A Famous University. 及的信息。 【思路点拨】第一段最后一句“Yan Ning is such a 典例[2019陕西B节选] dream follower.”点明全文主题。故选B。 中考话题分类练 话题1学校生活 Passage[2024河南改编] 应用文（宣传海报）】 Dancers Wanted for Our School's 50th Anniversary To celebrate our school'sS0 h anniversary(C晨年纪含日we are going to choose a number of dancers.Come and show yourselfat9:30 am this Friday in the coneert hall. Join Us! Shining Club Ve have all kin击of clay figurine(泥 works for you.You can leam about Chinese We are Heart Beat. We have a pianist,a guitarist and a traditional art from them. Create your own figurine and take it bome. drummer(鼓手). TIME:9.00 an next Wedhesday we need YOU to sing with us. oin us at 4:00 pm this Tuesday in the PLACE:Room A201 school music hall. Let's play wonderful music togethcr! Famous Environmentalist to Glve a Talk Air pollution is causing more and more problems.What can we do?A well-known environmentalist will come to our school and give a talk.Come to know more and take action! TIME:3:30 pm-5:30 pm next Thursday PLACE:Hall 2 139 1.What is special about the Shining Club?B A.It offers chances to music fans. B.It requires one to be creative. C.It provides prizes for great works. D.It allows one to come at any time. 2.The talk will start D. A.at 4:00 pm this Tuesday B.at 9:30 am this Friday C.at 9:00 am next Wednesday D.at 3:30 pm next Thursday 3.If Tina wants to show her dancing ability,where should she go?D A.To Hall 2. B.To the music hall. C.To Room A201. D.To the concert hall. 4.Where can we probably read the text? A.On a school notice board. B.In a city guidebook. C.On a community website. D.In a local newspaper. 话题2传统文化 Passage1[2024陕西B] 人与自我一生活与学习 When I was young,I loved paper cutting and I was pretty good at it.As I grew up,I became busy and didn't have much time for it.Later,I stopped doing it. However,the news I came across online touched my heart and changed my mind.A little girl from Jieyang,Guangdong was practicing lion dance when a professional lion dance performance team(专业舞狮表 passed by.As soon as they saw the girl practicing.they started to beat drums and gongs for her and quickly she did a lion dance in return.People around all cheered for her.Her love for the ancient Chinese culture evoked my strong memories of paper cutting. I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club.When I was ten,I joined the paper cutting club.Every Monday and Friday,I learned to make paper cuttings there. Our teacher,Ms.Li,was very talented.With a pair of scissors and a piece of paper,she could create lively works().That amazed us.And we learned much from her.Together,we created lots of works.They covered many topics,including animals,flowers and things about Chinese history.Every time we held a paper cutting show,our works attracted many visitors.The girl in the news encouraged me to go on with paper cutting.I want to be an inheritor()of the ancient Chinese culture.Together with other inheritors,I hope to pass down our excellent culture. 1.What did the girl do after the team began to beat drums and gongs for her?B A.She watched their show carefully. B.She did a lion dance in return. C.She cheered for the team. D.She made a paper cutting for the team. 2.The underlined word“evoked”means“A_”in Paragraph2. A.brought back B.took away C.cut off D.depended on 140 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?C A.The long history of paper cutting. B.The steps of making paper cuttings C.The writer's happy times of making paper cuttings. D.The writer's plans for setting up a paper cutting club. 4.Which of the following is TRUE?C A.The writer wasn't good at paper cutting at a young age. B.Now the writer practices paper cutting twice a week. C.The writer hopes to be an inheritor of paper cutting. D.After watching the news,the writer decided to learn lion dance. Passage 2 人与社会一历史、社会与文化 “围炉煮茶”掀起新风潮 Sui Xin and her friends spent an afternoon roasting nuts()and fruits around a coal stove while enjoying freshly boiled white tea.This traditional practice of boiling tea has been described in many ancient Chinese artworks.Recently,it has become a popular way for the young to run away from their busy lives.It also gives young people of today a chance to get to know more about Chinese tea culture. a coal stove Boiling tea over a coal stove has always been part of people's lives,especially during cold winters.To promote tea culture among the young,traditional teahouses have turned into new-style ones to meet the tastes of young people.The decoration()of some stores shows a mix of traditional Chinese styles and youthful design.Tea makers and modern teahouses are also trying to introduce tea culture by creating new drinks and related products to highlight local cultures and history.The drinks and products do catch a lot of people's attention Sun Xuling,a co-founder of Theatre Tea.noticed that there has been a clear increase in people's understanding of Chinese tea in the past two years.To meet the needs of young people,Theatre Tea is planning on building a tea experience store,which will give customers chances to try different ways of making tea and to learn more about tea culture. I think the mix of traditional tea culture,pop culture,and modern life is exciting.I believe the younger will have a better understanding of our tea culture and protect it better. l.新考法·写作-手法How does the writer lead to the topic in Paragraph I？C A.By comparing a fact. B.By asking a question. C.By giving an example. D.By listing numbers. 2.The underlined word "promote"means D in Paragraph 2. A.explain B.change C.prevent D.spread 141 3.What can we learn from the passage?B A.Boiling tea over a coal stove is very popular in summer. B.Creating new tea drinks is a good way to introduce tea culture. C.Boiling tea around a coal stove appeared just several years ago. D.It's necessary to share Chinese tea culture with the world. 4.新考法·观点&What's the writer's opinion of introducing tea culture to the young? A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Supportive. D.Worried. 话题3艺术 Passage1[2024陕西C] 人与社会一文学、艺术与体育 SHARE THE MAGIC of Italian song with Jonas Kaufmann as he shows us both on and off stage,how he fell in love with Italy and its music. "ITALIANS LOVE TO SING.They sing in the street,they sing while they go about their business.It is not just a cliche-in Italy,you see grown-up men just singing while they work,because they want to somehow express their feelings.Music is not only to make you smile,music is to make you think,and sometimes to understand that you're not the only one carrying great problems with you.By expressing that in a song,you can better live with it,because somebody found the right words,the right way to express what you're feeling at that moment.The songs on this album'show the whole range of emotions that Italian music is capable of,just like in opera..." -Jonas Kaufmann The text is taken from the back cover of the album Dolce Vita. Dolce Vita is the Italian language for the English expression "colorful and sweet life".This Dolce Vita album has the concert that Jonas Kaufmann gave in Turin,Italy on July 4,2016. *The word "album"in the text means a group of songs or pieces of music on a CD. *The underlined part means the rich feelings that Italian music is able to express. 1.The songs on this album are sung in D. A.Russian B.French C.English D.Italian 2.From Kaufmann's words,we can know A A.how much Italians love music B.how he created his music C.his experience of learning music D.his advice on making music 3.Which of the following would Kaufmann most probably agree according to the text?D A.Music is a tool to learn a language. B.Music can work as the key to the door of art. C.Music is the most beautiful art form. D.Music can make people less lonely. 142 Passage2[2024西工大附中六模] 人与社会一文学、艺术与体育 应用文（采访） Joel Sartore is a writer,teacher and photographer.His words and beautiful images show his love of photography and the natural world. Question 1:How did you become a National Geographic photographer? My first job was for a newspaper.After a few years there,I met a National Geographic photographer.He liked my photos and said I should send some to the magazine.So I did.That led to a one-day job.And that led to a nine-day job,and so on. Question2:▲ To get into National Geographic,you have to give them something they don't have.It's not enough just to be a great photographer.You also have to be a scientist,for example,or be able to dive under sea ice,or spend maybe several days in a tree. Question 3:Is it hard to get a job as a photographer today? It's now harder to work for magazines.Technology makes it easy to take good pictures,which means there are more photos and photographers.Also.the Web is filled with photos from all around the world that are free,or cost very little.These photos are often good enough to be put in books and magazines.What the magazines need to do these days is to pay for these photos. Question 4:I want to be a photographer.Do you have any advice for me? Advice?Well,work hard.Be passionate (about every project you work on.Take lots of pictures in different situations.Look at others'photos thoughtfully and learn from them.And be curious about everything.There's something to photograph everywhere. 1.What kind of text is it?A A.An interview. B.A speech. C.A story. D.An ad. 2.新考法·俗&还原Which of the following can be put in▲？D A.Why do you want to work for National Geographic? B.What do National Geographic photographers like to do? C.What kind of photos do you give to National Geographic? D.What kind of photographer is National Geographic looking for? 3.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means"B " A.Take as many photos as possible B.There is beauty everywhere C.It's easy to be a good photographer D.Photographers should travel everywhere 143 第二节七选五还原句子型 典型例题讲方法 方法点拨1搜寻关键词 the world.51 They are very warm. 关键词是指在文章中经常会出现的线索特征 A.The canopy is a thick coat of trees. 词汇，主要的关键词有名词、动词，其次包括冠词、 B.They are found near the equator(赤道) 数词、疑问词、代词，甚至标点都可以提供线索。 C.it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the 其中名词和动词是最主要的线索特征词，常常以 Amazon. 词汇复现的形式来提供线索。词汇复现一般包括 D.it makes more space for the animals in the 同词复现、同畴词（组）复现等。具体方法如下： Amazon to live in. 一、同词复现 E.They have found some wildlife near the equator. 同词复现指某一词在设空位置前后或备选选 F.The rest spreads across eight other countries. 项中重复出现。 G.People live in the Amazon too. 典例[2024陕西节选] 【思路点拨】根据设空处上文可知，此处与热带雨 The biggest mix of plants and animals live in the 林的地理分布有关，选项B中的“near the equator canopy.53 The canopy keeps off most of the (赤道)"与上文中的“tropical(热带的)”是同畴词 sunlight.The rain forest floor is very dark. 组复现。故选B A.The canopy is a thick coat of trees. 方法点拨2理清逻辑关系 B.They are found near the equator(赤道). 典例[2024陕西节选] C.it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the More than half of the rain forest is in Amazon. Brazil. 5 D.it makes more space for the animals in the A.The canopy is a thick coat of trees. Amazon to live in. B.They are found near the equator(赤道). E.They have found some wildlife near the equator. C.it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the F.The rest spreads across eight other countries. Amazon. G.People live in the Amazon too. D.it makes more space for the animals in the 【思路点拨】根据设空处前后内容可知，选项A中 Amazon to live in. 的“The canopy”与上下文中的“in the canopy”和 E.They have found some wildlife near the equator. “The canopy'”是同词复现。此处应解释“canopy” F.The rest spreads across eight other countries. 一词的含义。故选A。 G.People live in the Amazon too. 二、同畴词（组）复现 【思路点拨】根据设空处上文可知，一半以上的亚 同畴词（组）复现是指设空处前后句某一词 马逊雨林位于巴西，此处介绍亚马逊雨林分布在 (组)和备选选项中某一词（组）为同一范围的词 哪些国家，选项F“其余的部分横跨其他八个国 (组)，如：park与garden,cake与bread等。 家。”符合语境。故选F。 典例[2024陕西节选] 方法点拨3把握上下文语境 There are tropical(热带的)rain forests all over 若文中没有明显的词汇复现、逻辑关系等的 144 关键词或句的提示，考生可以通过理解设空处上C.it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the 下文语境来作答。具体方法如下： Amazon. 理清文章的结构、内容和事件的发展过程，然 D.it makes more space for the animals in the 后按照文章的结构或者事情发展顺序，并结合备 Amazon to live in. 选项推理出设空处的内容，以此来选出正确选项。 E.They have found some wildlife near the equator. 若备选选项中出现时态的互相干扰，则应根据上 F.The rest spreads across eight other countries. 下文语境及时态或明显的时间标志词来判断所缺 G.People live in the Amazon too. 选项的正确时态。 【思路点拨】根据上文“Today,he Amazon is faced 典例[2024陕西节选] with the problem of deforestation."和下文“What can Today,the Amazon is faced with the problem of we do to protect the rain forest and the wildlife deforestation.This means that too many trees are cut! here?”可知空格处说的是亚马逊雨林正面临的问 down by humans and 55 What can we do to 题，衔接后文人们需要做些什么来保护雨林和那 protect the rain forest and the wildlife there? 里的野生动物。由此可推知，滥伐给野生动物带 A.The canopy is a thick coat of trees. 来威胁，选项C“它给亚马逊的野生动物带来了有 B.They are found near the equator(赤道) 害的后果。”符合语境。故选C。 令中考话题分类统 话题说明介绍 sometimes leave.They go into nearby towns to sell Passage1[2024陕西] food.Still,they live in their own ways. 人与自然—自然生态 Today,the Amazon is faced with the problem of Rain forests are forests that get a lot of rain.It deforestation.This means that too many trees are cut can rain more than one inch(=2.54 cm)per day! down by humans and 5 C What can we do to There are tropical(热带的)rain forests all over the protect the rain forest and the wildlife there? world.I B They are very warm. A.The canopy is a thick coat of trees. The Amazon is in South America.It is the B.They are found near the equator(). biggest rain forest in the world.More than half of the C.it brings harmful results to the wildlife in the rain forest is in Brazil.2 F Amazon. Many plants and animals live in the Amazon. D.it makes more space for the animals in the There are more kinds of plants and animals there than! Amazon to live in. anywhere else in the world.The biggest mix of plants E.They have found some wildlife near the equator. and animals live in the canopy.3 A The canopy F.The rest spreads across eight other countries. G.People live in the Amazon too. keeps off most of the sunlight.The rain forest floor is very dark. Passage2[2023陕西] 4 G There are more than 400 different 人与社会—科学与技术 native tribes(土著部落)！Native people used to stay Farmyard robots can cut down chemical pollution. 1 G Many of them use chemicals to kill in the rain forest.They found food and built homes weeds(杂草).The trouble is,these weedkillers there.They made medicine from plants.Now they 145 also kill wildlife,pollute rivers and are bad for the Zihan,a 15-year-old student from Shenzhen, fields.2 A.This kind of robot can cut Guangdong.He felt very excited to see this kind of weedkiller use by 90%.The robot is really smart endangered birds. because it only kills weeds but not crops(庄稼). Some experts said,"Spoonbills can live happily 3E in Shenzhen because 1 E Generally,the special Several cameras are built into the robot.The plants grow in warm places by the sea. cameras facing the ground take photos to help the 2 A So its mangrove area has increased robot“see”the plants it passes.. from22,000 hectares(公顷)in2001to27,000 The robot compares each photo to a library of hectares today,making China one of the few plant photos to decide on which plants are weeds. countries in the world with an increase in mangrove Robot arms move into position to give a small areas. dose(剂量)of weedkiller on the weeds. Recently,the world's first international mangrove The robot is energy-friendly.4 B center has been set up in Shenzhen.3 F Local How the robot will develop government has tried hard to protect mangroves.For The scientists do not want to just stop at the example,back in the 1990s when the city was achievement they have made. 5 D The building a road along the coast,instead of just improved model of robots will exactly diseover weeds cutting down the mangroves,they decided to move and dig them out instead of weedkillers. the road 260 meters to the north.4 D Robots could be programmed to leave some The protection of mangroves is also good for the harmless weeds in the fields to support wildlife living people living in Shenzhen.The park hosts fun events there. like the spoonbill festival and the otter(水獭) A.But scientists have created a farmyard robot festival.5 C Students can learn about nature B.It is powered by the energy from the sun through programs like researching on mangroves or C.Where the robot is used designing the park.From 2019 on,over 3,000 D.They're working on the new designs to improve students and teachers have taken part in educational the model activities about wetlands at the park. E.How the robot works A.China works hard to protect mangroves. F.Why do farmers choose the robot to work in B.The transportation became more convenient than their fields before. G.How do farmers usually kill weeds in the fields C.People can join in games and create picture books Passage3[2024眉山政编] about the animals. 人与自然—环境保护 D. This decision helped to save the important “深”爱红树林 mangrove ecosystem in the city. “Look！Here is a black- E.mangroves provide them with food and home. faced spoonbill(琵鹭)at the F.The city is home to 296.18 hectares of mangroves Futian Mangrove Ecological according to People's Daily. (生态的)Park,”said Yan G.mangroves are getting smaller and smaller. the mangrove 146