11.专题十三和十四 非谓语动词 复合句(教师用书)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考备考加速度英语课堂精讲本

专题十三 非谓语动词 (2-3分) 语法知识理重点 作主语 肯定形式：to+动词原形 作表语 动名词 否定形式：not+to+动词原形 形式 作宾语 非谓语动词 作主语 动词不定式 动词-ing形式 作定语 作表语 作宾语 (6年11考) 6年12考) (6年1考) 现在分词 作定语 作宾语补足语 用法 作宾语 作状语 补足语 重点语法分点过 考点刀动词不定式(6年11考) ◆常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： want想要[2024.62,2020.70] forget忘记 动词不定式的肯定形式为：o+动词原形（不 need需要 ry努力 定式符号to有时可以省略)，其否定形式为：not to leam学习 1ove喜爱[2022.23] +动词原形，无人称变化。 agree同意 hope希望 动词不定式的基本用法 decide决定[2021.22] refuse拒绝 1.作主语 3.作宾语补足语 动词不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词的 (1)在“动词+宾语+动词不定式”结构中，不 作用，常用形式主语代替，而将不定式后置，谓 定式作宾语补足语。当变为被动语态时，宾语补 语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： 足语相应变为主语补足语。如： He invited his classmates to take part in his To learn Chinese well is not easy.It's not easy party.他邀请他的同学们参加他的聚会。→His to learn Chinese well..学好汉语不容易。 classmates were invited to take part in his party. 拓展 同学们被邀请去参加他的聚会。 t代替不定式作形式主语的句型 ◆常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： (1)It's +adj.(for/of sb.to do sth. help帮助[2022.62] advise建议 allow允许 [2023.58] ask要求；请求 expect期望 wam警告 (2)It's one's turn to do sth. encourage鼓励 invite邀请 tell告诉 (3)It takes/took sb.some time to do sth. want想要 T2019.281 (2)动词不定式在某些感官动词或使役动词等 2.作宾语 之后作宾语补足语时应省略to。但是，当上述动词变 为被动语态时，其后的不定式符号to要还原。如： 动词不定式一般放在及物动词后作宾语。其 I hear her sing in the room.我听到她在房间里 后跟补足语时常用t作形式宾语，而将不定式后 唱歌。→She is heard to sing in the room by me.她 置。如： 在房间里唱歌被我听到了。 We think it useful to learn English.我们认为学 ◆常用感官动词（组）和使役动词（组）： 英语很有用。(it是形式宾语，to learn English是 一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make 真正的宾语，useful是宾语补足语) have)、四看(look at,watch,see,notice） 124 4.作状语 续表 动词不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的和结果。 成分 用法 例句 (1)表原因 动名词作表语，多表 Tom's favorite sport is 如：I'm happy to see you are safe.我很高兴看 示抽象性或习惯性 playing football.汤姆最 到你是安全的。 动作，一般说明主语 喜欢的运动是踢足球。 (2)表目的[2024.24,2023.24,2020.27] 作表语 的内容 如：To get there on time,they took a taxi.为了 现在分词作表语，通 The news is 按时到那里，他们乘坐了出租车。 常说明主语的特征 encouraging. (3)表结果[2019.58] 性质 这消息鼓舞人心。 如：She is old enough to dress herself.她已经足 动名词作定语，位于 My grandfather has a 够大，可以自己穿衣服了。 被修饰词之前，表示 walking stick.我爷爷 ◆“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法： 被修饰词的用途 有一根拐杖。 作定语 2021.66 1.“疑问词+动词不定式”可作主语、宾语或表 语。如： 现在分词作定语，具有 The dancing girl is my When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 形容词的性质，表示主 classmate.那个跳舞的 什么时候去北京还没定下来。（作主语） 动、进行的意义 女孩是我的同学。 I haven't decided when to leave yet.我还没决 作宾语 I like playing football very 可作动词和介词的 定什么时候离开。（作宾语） (动名 much.我非常喜欢踢 宾语 My question is how to learn English well.我的 词) 足球。 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语） 作宾语 I found a boy reading in a 说明宾语正在进行的动 2.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾 补足语 car yesterday.昨天我发 作或滨语的特性，与滨宾语 语从句。如： (现在 现一个男孩在汽车里 之间是主动关系 分词) 读书。 Can you tell me where to buy the scarf?-Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf?你能告诉 ◆常见接动名词的词（组）： 我在哪里能买到这条围巾吗？ avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 考点2动词-ing形式(6年1考) imagine想象 finish完成 miss错过 keep坚持 admit承认 mind介意 成分 用法 例句 suggest建议 practice练习 dislike不喜欢 般表示经常性、习 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 作主 Saying 0 much 惯性的动作，有时也 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 语（动 useless. 说那么多没 用t作形式主语，而 be/get used to doing sth..习惯于做某事 名词) 有用。 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 把动名词后置 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 语法专题情境练 I.完形填空基础题 2.Mike ran too fast for all of us C up with.We 1.When astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear had to ask him to slow down. spacesuits D themselves safe. A.catch B.catching A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep C.to catch D.caught 125 3.The children were warned by the police not D Ⅲ.原创短文填空 the street when the traffic lights turned red. 人与社会一科学与技术 A.crosses B.crossed 睡眠的奥秘 C.crossing D.to cross call make use wake 4.It's rude to laugh at others when they have trouble sleep experience have B something. Our bodies sleep in 90-minute cycles, A.do B.doing C.to do D.did 1.experiencing five to six each night.At first, 5.Excuse me,sir.I am sorry C you,but where you enter a light stage of sleep when your muscles( is the post office? relax.Then,the body temperature drops,and A.trouble B.troubling the heart beats slowly. C.to trouble D.troubled Next comes deep sleep.It's difficult to 6.Squirrels()save food in too many places before 2.wake up during this stage.This is when your winter comes that they often forget A it. body repairs itself and builds up energy for the day A.where to find B.what to find ahead.Finally,you get into the rapid eye movement C.when to find D.who to find (REM)sleep(快速眼动睡眠)stage..It is when 7.Since it is greener and cheaper,Li Ming is most dreaming happens.After REM sleep,the cycle considering B an electric car. repeats. A.buys B.buyingC.bought D.to buy Waking up in the morning in the'“wrong'”stage 8.Wang Tianwen says it's a pity that few can make you feel especially tired.An app people learn A Hua county shadow puppetry 3.called Sleep Calculator can help you based (华县皮影)in the traditional way. on your wake-up time. A.to make B.making Developed by the UK company Hillarys,this C.made D.makes smart calculator considers the sleep cycles our bodies Ⅱ.完成句子 go through each night.You can simply input your 1.[2019陕西，58]我五岁就会做家务了。 wake-up time.Then the calculator will suggest the I was able to do some/the housework/ perfect bedtime to 4.make sure that you rise chores at the age of 5. and shine with a spring in your step. 2.[2024高新一中三模]这辆自行车坏了，需要被 It's necessary to know that you shouldn't just 修理。 start your sleep cycle whenever you want.Many This bike is broken and it needs repairing/to young people go to bed late and get up late,such as be repaired/fixing/to be fixed 5.sleeping from 2 a.m.to 10 a.m.They think 3.原创讲好中国故事能帮助外国人客观公正地 as long as they have 8 hours of sleep,everything will 看待中国。 be fine.However,it's especially important for people Telling China's stories well can help to 6.have a good sleeping habit. foreigners view China objectively and fairly. In fact,our bodies can tell the time, 4.如果你来到陕西，秦兵马俑值得参观一下。 particularly by 7.using light and temperature.If If you come to Shaanxi,the Terracotta Army is we wake up too late,we may feel a bit worth visiting/a visit uncomfortable.That's why sometimes we feel even 5.为了防止风筝飘走，你可以把绳子拴在胳膊上。 more tired after oversleeping. To prevent the kite from floating away,you 一素材选自《二十一世纪学生英文报》 can tie the rope around your arm. 请完成《情境作业本》(P65)中的练习题 126 专题十四 复合句 (1分) 语法知识理重点 语序：陈述语序 主现从不限 宾语从句 时态 主过从必过 (6年6考) 真理终用现 并列复合句 that,whether/if (见专题八) 引导词 连接代词：what,which,who,whose,whom 复合句 (6年6考) 连接副词：where,when,why,how 引导词：表时间、表条件、表结果、表目的、表原因、表让步 主从复合句 状语从句 主将从现 时态 主祈情从现 since引导的时间状语从句 定语从句-关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose 重点语法分点过 考点刀宾语从句(6年6考) 的某种时态。如： He said he was listening to music at 9 last 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物 动词的宾语、介词的宾语或作系表结构的宾语。 nght.他说他昨晚九点钟正在听音乐。 3.真理终用现：当宾语从句表示的是客观事实、真 宾语从句有三个要素：语序、时态、引导词。 理、自然现象等时，其时态不受主句时态的影 语序[2024.30,2023.28,2022.30,2021.23,2019.23] 响，仍用一般现在时。如： 无论主句是什么语序，在宾语从句中，除了引 The teacher said light travels faster than sound. 导词放在从句的句首外，其余部分要用陈述语序， 老师说过光传播得比声音快。 即“主语+谓语+其他成分”；但是当连接代词本 引导词 身在宾语从句中充当主语时，则要保持原来的语 引导词 用法 例句 序，即“连接代词+谓语+其他成分”。如： that引导宾语从 The teacher asked me why I was late this 句时，在从句中不 The weather report morning.老师问我今天早上为什么迟到。 充当任何成分，只 says (that)it will be that Idon't know who is in the classroom.我不知道 起连接作用，在口 rainy tomorrow..天气 谁在教室里。 语或非正式文体 预报说明天会下雨。 ●时态（遵循三大原则）[2023.28,2019.23] 中常省略 1.主现从不限：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际 “是否”，表示对 情况使用相应的时态。如： 宾语从句表达的He asked me whether/ whether/if I think you did wrong yesterday.我认为你昨天 内容不确定。在if I could help him.他 [2020.29 从句中不作成分， 问我能否帮助他。 做错了。 但不可以省略 2.主过从必过：主句是一般过去时，从句使用过去 127 续表 考点②状语从句 引导词 用法 例句 状语从句在复合句中修饰主句、主句中的动 连接代词 词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位 She had no choice what,which 于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开；位于句末时，前 在从句中作主语、 but to follow what the who,whose, 宾语、定语等，不doctor said.她别无 面不用逗号。 whom 可以省略 选择，只能听从医生 ●引导词（见专题八连词） [2022.30 的话。 ●时态 2021.23] 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和 Could you tell me why 从句时态一致问题一般有以下三种情况： 连接副词 在从句中作状语， you are so tired?你能 1.主将从现：在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一 where,when, 不可以省略 告诉我你为什么这么 般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。如： why,how 累吗？ I'll ring you up as soon as I get to Xi'an.我一到 注意 西安就给你打电话。 在宾语从句中，只能用whether不能用f的 2.主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中含有情 情况： 态动词，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如： (1)在动词不定式之前； Please be careful if you drive a car in the street. (2)在whether..or not的因定搭配中； 如果在街道上开车，请小心。 (3)在介词之后； 3.由since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在 (4)宾语从句前置时。 完成时，从句用一般过去时。如： I have learned more about teamwork since I joined 拓展 the school soccer team.自从我加人学校的足球队， (1)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可与宾语从句相 我学到了更多关于团队合作的知识。 互转化，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如： 考点3定语从句 Could you please tell me how to get to the park? =Could you please tell me how I can get to the park? 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫 请问你能告诉我怎么去公园吗？ 定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，被定语 (2)如果主句的谓语动词是hink,guess,believe 从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 等动词，且后面接含有由hat引导的否定意义的宾语 一句子结构 从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。如： The man who wears black shoes is my father. I don't think(that)math is easy.我认为数学不 关系词 简单。 先行词主语谓语宾语 巧记口诀 定语从句修饰先行词 宾语从句用法 ·关系代词 宾语从句三注意：语序、时态、引导词。 主句一般现在时，从句时态随句意。 关系 所作 先行词 例句 主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致。 代词 成分 宾从表达是真理，一般现在代过去。 The who broke the 主语 person 引导词也不难，陈述要用hat连。 who window must pay for it..打碎玻 或宾语 一般问句表“是否”，if或whether来连接。 璃的那个人必须赔偿。 特殊问句作宾从，疑问词连接就能行。 Do you know the young man 还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清。 whom)we met at the gate? whom 宾语 主句动词“猜想”词，“否定转移”莫忘记。 你认识我们在门口遇到的那 个年轻人吗？ 128 续表 注意 关系 所作 (2)只能用关系代词that的情况： 代词 成分 先行词 例句 ①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本 The building (which)stands 身是序数词、形容词最高级时； 主语 ②先行词既有人又有物时； which 物 near the train station is a 或宾语 supermarket..火车站附近的建 ③当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问 筑物是一家超市。 句时； The coat (that)I put on the ④先行词指物，且前面有the one,the only,the 主语 that desk is blue.我放在书桌上的 或宾语 last,the same等修饰词时； 外套是蓝色的。 人V物 ⑤先行词前是none,something,everything等不 I know the boy whose father is 定代词或由every,all,much,little等不定代词修饰 whose 定语 a professor.我知道那个男孩， 时。 他的父亲是一名教授。 (3)只能用which的情况： 注意 ①当先行词本身是hat或those,只能用which; (1)当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓 语动词要与先行词保持一致。如： ②当关系词前面有介词，指物时常用which; He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. ③在非限制性定语从句中指物时，多用which。 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。 语法专题情境练 完形填空基础题 6.Dragon is the only one A is not real among 1.Meimei has no idea B the meaning of this hel2 animals of the Chinese zodiac(生肖). word is,so she looks it up in the dictionary. A.that B.why C.when D.what A.how B.what C.where D.which 7.原l“When I walk along with two others,they 2.Peter,I've taken some photos of the Hukou may serve me as my teachers."tells us B. Waterfall and you can see A A.who can we learn from A.what it looks like B.who we can learn from B.what does it look like C.what it looked like C.how should we treat others D.what did it look like D.how we should treat others 3.His speech at the graduation ceremony is the best 8.C you set out on your new journey,you one B I've ever heard. shouldn't forget where you came from. A.what B.that C.how D.when A.Unless B.Before C.As D.Until 4.He has made up his mind to give up smoking,and 9.Becky didn't know C a picnic in the park. he's thinking about A make it. She said it might be on Tuesday or Thursday. A.how he can B.how can he A.where they would have C.what he can D.what can he B.where would they have 5.A small tree won't grow into a big one D it C.when they would have experiences winds and rains. D.when would they have A.if B.because C.when D.unless 请完成《情境作业本》(P65)中的练习题 129